{"id":1931,"date":"2024-04-17T09:14:47","date_gmt":"2024-04-17T06:14:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eurasialaw-journal.ru\/?p=1931"},"modified":"2024-04-17T09:14:47","modified_gmt":"2024-04-17T06:14:47","slug":"gaps-in-legislation-on-the-confiscation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eurasialaw-journal.ru\/en\/gaps-in-legislation-on-the-confiscation.html","title":{"rendered":"GAPS IN LEGISLATION ON THE CONFISCATION OF CARS AS AN INSTRUMENT OF CRIME IN SMUGGLING (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF JUDICIAL PRACTICE IN THE TRANS-BAIKAL TERRITORY)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>GAPS IN LEGISLATION ON THE CONFISCATION OF CARS AS AN INSTRUMENT OF CRIME IN SMUGGLING (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF JUDICIAL PRACTICE IN THE TRANS-BAIKAL TERRITORY)<\/h1>\r\n<div class=\"doi-text\">\r\n<p><strong>\u2116 2 (189) 2024<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>DOI 10.46320\/2073-4506-2024-2-189-345-347 <\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Pages 345-347<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>LIBENZON Evgeniy Leonidovich<\/strong><br \/>\r\npostgraduate student of the Patrice Lumumba People\u2019s Friendship University of Russia, researcher, second-class lawyer of the University of the Prosecutor&#8217;s Office of the Russian Federation<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>GAPS IN LEGISLATION ON THE CONFISCATION OF CARS AS AN INSTRUMENT OF CRIME IN SMUGGLING (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF JUDICIAL PRACTICE IN THE TRANS-BAIKAL TERRITORY)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p>This article addresses the relevance of the normative context of the crime of smuggling via the use of vehicles and its link to the procedural factors that influence the determination of the possibility for confiscating vehicles as instruments of crime in smuggling cases. It presents the judicial practices in Zabaikalsky Krai, highlighting the necessity for legislative solutions to the contentious issue of recognizing vehicles as instruments of crime in smuggling offenses. The article suggests amendments to Article 104\u00b9 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and recommends additional clarifications by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the application of Article 104\u00b9. It advocates for the introduction of mandatory vehicle confiscation measures in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation as a penalty for smuggling.<br \/>\r\nThe article also discusses the illegal trade of goods and resources listed in the Government of the Russian Federation&#8217;s Decree \u2116 923, dated September 13, 2012, for the purposes of Article 226.1 of the Criminal Code, involving the use of vehicles.<br \/>\r\nThe aim of this study is to explore the legislative shortcomings in the confiscation of instruments of crime to mitigate the smuggling of goods and resources.<br \/>\r\nThis research employs a comparative approach to review the legislation concerning the confiscation of vehicles as instruments of crime across several countries, including Russia, China, the United States, and member states of the European Union.<br \/>\r\nResults: The study reveals existing legislative gaps in the confiscation of automobiles used in smuggling as instruments of crime.<br \/>\r\nConclusions: Considering the scientific and practical significance, this study examines the primary reasons for the return of vehicles implicated in smuggling, prevention methods against smuggling utilizing vehicles, and the heightened public danger associated with the criminalistic characterization of such acts. The judicial practices in Zabaikalsky Krai are scrutinized, taking into account the region&#8217;s unique border position with the People&#8217;s Republic of China (PRC).<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> customs border, evidence, equipment, strategically important goods and resources, biological resources, confiscation, vehicle, smuggling, cultural values, caches, instruments of crime, means of crime.<\/p>\r\n<hr>\r\n<p><strong>\u2116 2 (189) 2024<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b 345-347<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p><strong>\u041b\u0418\u0411\u0415\u041d\u0417\u041e\u041d \u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447<\/strong><br \/>\r\n\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b 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\u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b.<br \/>\r\n\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b: \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432. \u041f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0417\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f, \u0441 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u041a\u041d\u0420.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430:<\/strong> \u0442\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b, \u0431\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430, \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div><p class=\"pvc_stats all \" data-element-id=\"1931\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon large\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.0\" viewBox=\"0 0 502 315\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><g transform=\"translate(0,332) scale(0.1,-0.1)\" fill=\"\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2394 3279 l-29 -30 -3 -207 c-2 -182 0 -211 15 -242 39 -76 157 -76 196 0 15 31 17 60 15 243 l-3 209 -33 29 c-26 23 -41 29 -80 29 -41 0 -53 -5 -78 -31z\"\/><path d=\"M3085 3251 c-45 -19 -58 -50 -96 -229 -47 -217 -49 -260 -13 -295 52 -53 146 -42 177 20 16 31 87 366 87 410 0 70 -86 122 -155 94z\"\/><path d=\"M1751 3234 c-13 -9 -29 -31 -37 -50 -12 -29 -10 -49 21 -204 19 -94 39 -189 45 -210 14 -50 54 -80 110 -80 34 0 48 6 76 34 21 21 34 44 34 59 0 14 -18 113 -40 219 -37 178 -43 195 -70 221 -36 32 -101 37 -139 11z\"\/><path d=\"M1163 3073 c-36 -7 -73 -59 -73 -102 0 -56 133 -378 171 -413 34 -32 83 -37 129 -13 70 36 67 87 -16 290 -86 209 -89 214 -129 231 -35 14 -42 15 -82 7z\"\/><path d=\"M3689 3066 c-15 -9 -33 -30 -42 -48 -48 -103 -147 -355 -147 -375 0 -98 131 -148 192 -74 13 15 57 108 97 206 80 196 84 226 37 273 -30 30 -99 39 -137 18z\"\/><path d=\"M583 2784 c-38 -19 -67 -74 -58 -113 9 -42 211 -354 242 -373 16 -10 45 -18 66 -18 51 0 107 52 107 100 0 39 -1 41 -124 234 -80 126 -108 162 -133 173 -41 17 -61 16 -100 -3z\"\/><path d=\"M4250 2784 c-14 -9 -74 -91 -133 -183 -95 -150 -107 -173 -107 -213 0 -55 33 -94 87 -104 67 -13 90 8 211 198 130 202 137 225 78 284 -27 27 -42 34 -72 34 -22 0 -50 -8 -64 -16z\"\/><path d=\"M2275 2693 c-553 -48 -1095 -270 -1585 -649 -135 -104 -459 -423 -483 -476 -23 -49 -22 -139 2 -186 73 -142 361 -457 571 -626 285 -228 642 -407 990 -497 242 -63 336 -73 660 -74 310 0 370 5 595 52 535 111 1045 392 1455 803 122 121 250 273 275 326 19 41 19 137 0 174 -41 79 -309 363 -465 492 -447 370 -946 591 -1479 653 -113 14 -422 18 -536 8z m395 -428 c171 -34 330 -124 456 -258 112 -119 167 -219 211 -378 27 -96 24 -300 -5 -401 -72 -255 -236 -447 -474 -557 -132 -62 -201 -76 -368 -76 -167 0 -236 14 -368 76 -213 98 -373 271 -451 485 -162 444 86 934 547 1084 153 49 292 57 452 25z m909 -232 c222 -123 408 -262 593 -441 76 -74 138 -139 138 -144 0 -16 -233 -242 -330 -319 -155 -123 -309 -223 -461 -299 l-81 -41 32 46 c18 26 49 83 70 128 143 306 141 649 -6 957 -25 52 -61 116 -79 142 l-34 47 45 -20 c26 -10 76 -36 113 -56z m-2057 25 c-40 -58 -105 -190 -130 -263 -110 -324 -59 -707 132 -981 25 -35 42 -64 37 -64 -19 0 -241 119 -326 174 -188 122 -406 314 -532 468 l-58 71 108 103 c185 178 428 349 672 473 66 33 121 60 123 61 2 0 -10 -19 -26 -42z\"\/><path d=\"M2375 1950 c-198 -44 -350 -190 -395 -379 -18 -76 -8 -221 19 -290 114 -284 457 -406 731 -260 98 52 188 154 231 260 27 69 37 214 19 290 -38 163 -166 304 -326 360 -67 23 -215 33 -279 19z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/i> &nbsp;764&nbsp;\u0412\u0421\u0415\u0413\u041e, &nbsp;1&nbsp;\u0421\u0415\u0413\u041e\u0414\u041d\u042f<\/p><div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"GAPS IN LEGISLATION ON THE CONFISCATION OF CARS AS AN INSTRUMENT OF CRIME IN SMUGGLING (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF JUDICIAL PRACTICE IN THE TRANS-BAIKAL TERRITORY) \u2116 2 (189) 2024 DOI 10.46320\/2073-4506-2024-2-189-345-347 Pages 345-347 LIBENZON Evgeniy Leonidovich postgraduate student of the Patrice Lumumba People\u2019s Friendship University of Russia, researcher, second-class lawyer of the University of &#8230; <a title=\"GAPS IN LEGISLATION ON THE CONFISCATION OF CARS AS AN INSTRUMENT OF CRIME IN SMUGGLING (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF JUDICIAL PRACTICE IN THE TRANS-BAIKAL TERRITORY)\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/eurasialaw-journal.ru\/en\/gaps-in-legislation-on-the-confiscation.html\" aria-label=\"More on GAPS IN LEGISLATION ON THE CONFISCATION OF CARS AS AN INSTRUMENT OF CRIME IN SMUGGLING (BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF JUDICIAL PRACTICE IN THE TRANS-BAIKAL TERRITORY)\">Read more<\/a><div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div><p class=\"pvc_stats all \" data-element-id=\"1931\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon large\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.0\" viewBox=\"0 0 502 315\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><g transform=\"translate(0,332) scale(0.1,-0.1)\" fill=\"\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2394 3279 l-29 -30 -3 -207 c-2 -182 0 -211 15 -242 39 -76 157 -76 196 0 15 31 17 60 15 243 l-3 209 -33 29 c-26 23 -41 29 -80 29 -41 0 -53 -5 -78 -31z\"\/><path d=\"M3085 3251 c-45 -19 -58 -50 -96 -229 -47 -217 -49 -260 -13 -295 52 -53 146 -42 177 20 16 31 87 366 87 410 0 70 -86 122 -155 94z\"\/><path d=\"M1751 3234 c-13 -9 -29 -31 -37 -50 -12 -29 -10 -49 21 -204 19 -94 39 -189 45 -210 14 -50 54 -80 110 -80 34 0 48 6 76 34 21 21 34 44 34 59 0 14 -18 113 -40 219 -37 178 -43 195 -70 221 -36 32 -101 37 -139 11z\"\/><path d=\"M1163 3073 c-36 -7 -73 -59 -73 -102 0 -56 133 -378 171 -413 34 -32 83 -37 129 -13 70 36 67 87 -16 290 -86 209 -89 214 -129 231 -35 14 -42 15 -82 7z\"\/><path d=\"M3689 3066 c-15 -9 -33 -30 -42 -48 -48 -103 -147 -355 -147 -375 0 -98 131 -148 192 -74 13 15 57 108 97 206 80 196 84 226 37 273 -30 30 -99 39 -137 18z\"\/><path d=\"M583 2784 c-38 -19 -67 -74 -58 -113 9 -42 211 -354 242 -373 16 -10 45 -18 66 -18 51 0 107 52 107 100 0 39 -1 41 -124 234 -80 126 -108 162 -133 173 -41 17 -61 16 -100 -3z\"\/><path d=\"M4250 2784 c-14 -9 -74 -91 -133 -183 -95 -150 -107 -173 -107 -213 0 -55 33 -94 87 -104 67 -13 90 8 211 198 130 202 137 225 78 284 -27 27 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-532 468 l-58 71 108 103 c185 178 428 349 672 473 66 33 121 60 123 61 2 0 -10 -19 -26 -42z\"\/><path d=\"M2375 1950 c-198 -44 -350 -190 -395 -379 -18 -76 -8 -221 19 -290 114 -284 457 -406 731 -260 98 52 188 154 231 260 27 69 37 214 19 290 -38 163 -166 304 -326 360 -67 23 -215 33 -279 19z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/i> &nbsp;764&nbsp;\u0412\u0421\u0415\u0413\u041e, &nbsp;1&nbsp;\u0421\u0415\u0413\u041e\u0414\u041d\u042f<\/p><div 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