PERSONA GRATA
D. I. Lukovskaya:
Law is a human rights manifesto
Interview with Genevra Igorevna Lukovskaya, Ph.D. in Law, professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation.

INTERNATIONAL LAW
Klyachin V. M.
Problems of the methodology of international law in the sphere of absolute uncertainty
Mishalchenko M. Yu.
International and public legal aspects of ensuring the safety of international energy infrastructure facilities
Nutsalkhanov G. N.
Analysis of the provisions of the Treaty on a Nuclear-Free Zone in Southeast Asia
Talimonchik V. P.
Features of challenging law enforcement acts in the Court of the Eurasian Economic Union
Shonin N. E.
Glorification of the Nazism and the UN-position
Zaytseva S. E.
Features of anti-corruption approaches at the present stage: comparative analysis
Li Yixuan
Key issues of international legal strategy and China’s position
Ma Jixiang, Kashaev N. K.
The main factors in the formation of a modern multipolar system in international relations
Sun Haoxuan, Rednikov D. V.
International security in modern conditions
Nikitina A. A.
International agreements regulating the organization of electronic commerce through marketplaces
Umarov Ya. V.
Current issues of international humanitarian law at the present stage
Malichenko V. S.
The problem of balancing public and private interests in the protection of human rights in health emergencies

EUROPEAN LAW
Nakryzhskaya V.A.
Legal status of small and medium-sized enterprises within the framework of industrial policy of the European Union

LAW OF THE FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Bredikhin A. V., Zakopyrin V. N., Ustinovich E. S.
On the status of private military companies in the People’s Republic of China

COMPARATIVE LAW
Izralovskiy N. R., Petrova A. S.
Digitalization of civil proceeding in BRICS countries: Chinese and Indian experience

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW
Buryanova E. I., Garashchenko A. Yu.
The use of artificial intelligence in law enforcement practice in Russia and foreign countries: risks and prospects
Elsukov A. V.
A new generation of human rights in the era of artificial intelligence development
Lysenko N. A., Molchanova S. E.
On the issue of the “failure” of the legal experiment: the main problems
Salnikov V. P., Prokofjev K. G., Chayka V. N.
Value aspects of security in a situation of systemic crisis of our time
Furman T. G.
Modern Russian national idea and related legal problems
Furman F. P.
Can BRICS replace the UN? Political and legal analysis
Saltykov K. G.
Trends in variability of means of international legal communication
Toldiev Kh. B.
Influence of judicial practice on the unification of legislation

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
Gnetova L. V., Gulyaeva T. B., Noskova K. S.
The legal regulation of marriage under Finnish law in the XVIII century
Klimov A. Yu., Salnikov A. S.
The organization and activity of the regular Moscow police in the second half of the XVIII century
Kuznetsova E. V.
Creation and main activities of the communist party of the RSFSR
Lyozov I. L.
Implementation of liberal democratic views on human rights and freedoms in Russia in February-September 1917
Ryzhova Yu. V.
The role of gendarmerie departments in ensuring state security in the Grand Duchy of Finland at the beginning of the 20th century
Teryaeva E. V.
State policy on combating crimes in the field of recruitment in the first half of the XIX century (based on the materials of the Orel province)
Furman T. G.
The influence of Russian symbolism on the political and legal development of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century
Furman F. P.
Political and legal views and ideas of A. I. Herzen and N. P. Ogareva
Kondratjev S. S.
Sanitary and epidemiological transformations in the Russian Empire in the late XIX – early XX centuries
Filonova O. I.
Claim proceedings in cases of copyright protection during of the New Economic Policy period
Chetvertakova I. V.
The head of state of Russia in the 16th and 17th centuries as perceived by foreign travelers

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
Davudova S. Ya., Ragimhanova K. T., Pirmetov K. M.
Voting rights in the digital age
Ivanova L. A., Ektova V. A.
The constitutional right to work in Russia: definitive and retrospective aspects
Iljin I. M.
Manifestation of Russian sovereignty in the budgetary and financial sphere: constitutional and legal dimension, problematics
Kuznetsov S. A.
Unity and vertical separation of public power: constitutional and legal aspects

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
Bagishev O. A.
Business customs as a source of business law
Kamaletdinov E. S.
Features of consideration of land disputes related to the provision of land plots for individual housing construction
Ostryakova A. F., Alexandrov A. P., Stovba E. V., Stovba A. V.
The role of management decisions in internal affairs bodies: theoretical and practical foundations
Kotlyarova O. N.
Functional principles and types of administrative coercive measures
Wei Qian
The legal system of officials of Neixiang County during the Qing Dynasty in Ancient China
Ostryakova A. F., Stovba E. V., Alexandrov A. P., Stovba A. V.
Activities of the National Central Bureau of Interpol of the Russian Federation for the fight against international economic crime

MUNICIPAL LAW
Andreev B. S., Abramitov S. A.
Legitimate interests in the municipal service: on the issue of the use of the term in legislation
CIVIL LAW
Vasiljeva N. N.
Coercion in civil law: methodological aspects of the study
Gali A. A.
To the issue of the reasonability of the appointment of a liquidation commission (liquidator) for the voluntary liquidation of a legal entity
Gasanov Z. U., Beklenishcheva D. A.
Discussion aspects of the transfer of commercial experience with the participation of commercial and non-profit organizations under a commercial concession agreement
Drozdov R. V., Bedrin V. S.
Flexibility of the law on the contract system in response to modern challenges
Zubkova M. N., Ibryashkina A. S.
Features of registration of the issue of securities by registering organizations
Kiyko A. Yu.
Issues of application of public law norms in Russian civil (private) law: to the formulation of the problem
Koshelyuk B. E., Tararyshkina I. S.
The problems of legal regulation of the contract of retail sale by remote means
Kucharova M. P., Pavlov A. A.
On the issue of consumer cooperation in agriculture
Magomedova T. Yu., Storozheva A. N., Dadayan E. V.
On the procedure for the development of indicators of achievement of universal competencies in the Bachelor’s degree program
Yastremskiy I. A.
Responsibilities of the plastic surgery clinic under the contract for the provision of paid medical services
Agamov J. T.
The problem of subordination of claims of persons controlling the debtor in bankruptcy
Gordyushkin I. G.
Intergovernmental financial organizations as a subject of exclusion from competition
Drobysheva A. V.
Legal regulation of artificial intelligence in the European Union: on the issue of the possibility of application in Russian legislation
Wang Lu
The legal basis for the adoption of children left without parental care in China
Nemaya S. Yu.
The institution of subordination of claims in Russian civil law
Selimova E. R.
Actual problems of the legal status of persons involved in the case in civil and arbitration proceedings
Safronova E. M.
On some peculiarities of distribution of spouses’ shares after realization of joint property in bankruptcy proceedings
Telnov A. V.
Peculiarities of legal regulation by French legislation of public relations in the field of protection against defamation of the reputation of bodies and persons acting on behalf and in the interests of the state, and the impact of these relations on the reputation of the state
Yastremskiy I. A.
The rights of a plastic surgery clinic under a contract for the provision of paid medical services

CIVIL PROCESS
Akhmetzyanova G. N., Salakhova G. I.
Legal representation in civil proceedings
Vaiman A. B., Akhmetzyanova L. A.
The institute of arbitration proceedings the importance and problems of development
Galiullin A. R.
Disputes about determination of the child’s place of residence and about establishing the order of communication with him
Glebova E. V.
Problematic issues of application of property immunity in enforcement proceedings
Islamova K. F., Vorontsova I. V.
Issues of proper notification of participants in civil proceedings (including foreign citizens)
Kolesnikova M. M.
Some features of protecting consumer rights in court
Orekhov K. G.
To the issue of the manifestation of the in rem element of pledge in enforcement proceedings
Orlova A. I.
Evidentiary value of the out-of-court expert opinion in disputes arising from a contractor agreement
Orudzheva D. S.
Forensic psychiatric examination in civil proceedings
Safin A. R., Sadikova R. A., Khorkova E. A.
Recusal of a judge in a Russian civil process
Khakimova G. I.
Approaches to solving the problem of workload of the judicial system of the Russian Federation
Orekhov K. G.
To the issue of enforcement of a court judgement on debt recovery in the sphere of property trust management taking into account the in rem element of legal relations

FAMILY LAW
Dubrovina A. N., Fantrov P. P.
Property and material interests of the spouses as an object of the marriage contract
Potapova (Kukharenko) L. V.
Regulatory framework for operation of redevelopment agencies: novelties of legislation

LABOUR LAW
Linets A. A.
Legal aspects of the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the sphere of work: issues of legitimation and perception of justice
Tomashevskiy K. L., Beklenishcheva D. A.
Legal mechanism for debt collection wages in Belarus and Russia
Tormyshev D. A., Ananjeva E. O.
The historical aspect of the use of child labor

SOCIAL SECURITY LAW
Sergeeva S. N.
Features of the implementation of the principle of good faith in the process of concluding a social contract

FINANCIAL LAW
Ponomarev O. V., Provatkina V. E., Voloshina T. V.
Legal issues of the formation of the digital ruble and other digital financial assets market in Russia and abroad
Vasiljeva S. A.
Introduction of digital ruble into the single tax account system: assessment of problems and prospects
Vinnik A. V.
On the role of grants in matters of financing and protecting the rights of scientific organizations as recipients of budget funds
Yevsikova E. V., Buts S. B.
Ensuring the security of financial legal relations in the context of digital transformation of financial control
Yusufova M. A., Alieva E. B.
Problems of legal regulation of tax benefits

TAX LAW
Shkiperov A. A., Skvortsova V. A.
Current issues of improving customs control in the territorial sea of the Russian Federation as part of the customs territory of the Eurasian Economic Union

CORPORATE LAW
Shvarts L. V., Strizhevskaya V. V.
Vote or lose: on the regulation of the issue of lost/passive shareholders

ECOLOGICAL LAW
Ivakin V. I.
Environmental responsibility and environmental offense: concept, structure, types

CRIMINAL LAW
Averinskaya S. A., Zagaynov V. V., Chernegova V. V.
Human rights and freedoms: the procedure for limitation and compensation by criminal measures
Alyshev S. S.
Ensuring reparation (compensation) for harm caused by a crime
Amirova D. K., Roditeleva Ya. N., Semenov S. G., Zimin N. V.
Features of the qualification of the excess of the perpetrator of the crime
Danilova I. Yu., Suleymanov T. A.
Criminal law qualification of fraud in the field of IT-technologies
Ibragimov M. A., Gadzhieva P. D., Meysurov S. S.
The modern role of motive in criminal law
Kraskovskiy Ya. E., Nekrasov A. P.
Theoretical and legal assessment of the behavior model of migrants in the Russian Federation: the purpose of their stay, the reasons for committing dangerous assaults, serving sentences
Larionov P. A.
Delegated legislation and delegated interpretation: a note on distinction
Mokhorova A. Yu., Demidov V. P., Mokhorov D. A., Kosarev S. Yu.
Professional culture of a specialist in the field of criminal enforcement
Pirova R. N.
Commission on juvenile affairs
Rastoropov S. V.
Some features and problems of legal consolidation of responsibility for public calls to carry out activities directed against the security of the state (Article 280.4 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)
Rastoropova O. V.
Issues of bringing to criminal responsibility persons occupying the highest position in the criminal hierarchy
Stupina S. A.
On the issue of criminal liability of foreign agents and pests
Tatarinov A. V.
The significance of the classification of convicts when imposing a sentence of imprisonment and choosing the type of correctional institution
Usov E. G., Ryabinina E. N., Korshunov A. V., Peryakina M. P.
Problems of regulation of the imposition of criminal punishment in the form of forced labor (Article 53.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation)
Fantrov P. P.
Comparative analysis of criminal legislation of countries of the continental legal system in the context of regulating crimes against the family and minors
Fassakhov A. M., Safiullin R. I.
Rules for the qualification of crimes as one of the elements of the legal regulation of criminal law
Shikhshabekov Sh. Yu.
The concept, signs and types of multiplicity of crimes in criminal law
Khanova Z. R., Magomedov M. R.
Problems of involving minors in committing antisocial actions based on the materials of the Republic of Dagestan
Vasiljeva D. V.
The ratio of premeditated bankruptcy to the composition of other crimes on objective grounds
Kostina E. N.
Interrogation of witnesses in criminal cases initiated on the facts of injury to minors at railway transport facilities
Mammadov T. S., Boytsov A. S., Kamenskiy A. S.
Analysis of the corpus delicti for non-compliance with safety rules during the construction or demolition of buildings (structures) in the Criminal law of the Republic of Turkey (review of Article 176 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Turkey)
Stupina S. A.
Punishment for murder: on the question of justice
Usov E. G., Batanov A. A., Ryabinina E. N., Peryakina M. P.
Penalties related to the performance of work in criminal legislation and in the law enforcement practice of foreign countries

CRIMINAL PROCESS
Baturina N. I., Mitkova Yu. S.
Novella of the institute for the termination of a criminal case: pros and cons
Gerasenkov V. M.
Some aspects of participation of the defense counsel in pre-trial proceedings
Kokoreva L. V., Morugina N. A., Morugina V. S.
The evidentiary value of the search results and its effectiveness
Kosarev S. Yu., Kochemirovsky V. A., Mokhorov D. A., Fogel A. A.
Forensic environmental assessment of illegal environmental impact
Latypov V. S., Guskova A. B.
Prospects for the application of innovative technologies in the activities of investigative authorities
Maloletkina N.S., Khasnutdinov R.R., Fanina M.N.
Problems of appointment and production of forensic examinations on corruption crimes
Malykhina T. A.
Questions of the effectiveness of the use of restriction of freedom as one of the types of criminal penalties in Russia
Rabadanov R. R., Begova D. Ya.
Detention in the Russian criminal process
Sokolova T. S., Fayrushina R. D.Guarantees for the practical implementation of the principle of free assessment of evidence at the stage of preliminary investigation
Besedin G. E.
Definition of the concept of hearsay evidence in criminal proceedings: a comparative legal perspective
Gadadov I. S.
Legal regulation of the admissibility of evidence in criminal cases
Zhakulin S. Sh.
Forms of interaction of the inquirer (investigator) in the investigation of violations of traffic rules and operation of vehicles that caused the death of a person according to the materials of the Republic of Kazakhstan

CRIMINAL-EXECUTIVE LAW
Sandjeev T. A.
Legal nature of recidivism of convicted persons at the present time

CRIMINALISTICS
Аntonov A. O., Borzunova N. Yu.
Features of the forensic investigation of traces of a shot and ammunition
Biryukov S. Yu.
The decision on the involvement as an accused: meaning and content
Dolgushina L. V., Kravtsova E. V.
Features of the investigation of fires in forests
Kadiev G. R., Sefikurbanov K. S.
Search and seizure as investigative actions
Mashlyakevich V. A.
Intermediary of the offence as an element of the criminalistic characteristic of frauds committed by means of telephone communications
Novoselov N. G., Zhamborov A. A., Mikhaylov A. N., Lashchenko R. A.
Description of the identity of criminals who committed theft with illegal entry into the home and apartments of citizens (on the example of the Belgorod region for 9 months of 2023)
Sedov D. V., Dolgushina L. V.
Determination of the contribution to the probability of a collision with a pedestrian by the driver
Seropol D. I., Anisich V. A., Vlezko D. A.
Situational modeling in the planning of investigative actions
Shapovalova T. I.
Features of criminally significant information
Balabkin D. A., Abrosimov I. S., Gogoleva V. V.
Crime investigation planning

CRIMINOLOGY
Badretdinov A. I.
On the prevention of alcohol consumption by minors
Kabakova E. S.
Explosive devices and explosives: effective crime prevention measures
Nesterenko A. V.
The main personality traits of a violent criminal
Teokharov A. K., Maksimov A. S., Bondar A. Ya.
Methods of legalization (laundering) of criminally obtained funds and measures aimed at their detection
Mulyavko D. E.
About the doctrinal definition of the civil servant in the Russian Federation in the context of the fight against corruption

LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
Abdullin A. R., Nagorny A. P., Platonov L. A., Strizhenov A. V.
Formation of psychological stability of police officers when performing tasks in special conditions
Gofman A. A., Kolochikhin K. S.
Main directions and features of improving physical training and sports of cadets of higher educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia
Ivanchenko E. A., Yurkova E. V.
Proactive preparation of the prosecutor to defend the charges at the stage of judicial investigation
Nikolaev N. Yu., Semiglazov A. G.,Buz A. A.
The importance of fire training standards for police officers
Khrushchev A. V., Rybachenok A. V., Zelyutina Yu. A.
Ensuring the personal safety of an internal affairs officer in special conditions

OPERATIONAL INVESTIGATIVE ACTIVITIES
Avdyunin A. A., Zverev A. V., Nikerov D. I.
On the issue of awarding the sports title Master of Sports of Russia in winter service double events

SECURITY AND LAW
Dottuev T. I.
Countering terrorism in the Russian Federation at the present stage: examples of state regulation
Kanokova L. Yu.
Countering the distribution of extremist materials on the internet
Tsarkova E. G.
On the issue of the application of methods of countering phishing attacks in the activities of employees of the Penal System of the Russian Federation

PEDAGOGY AND LAW
Amelichkin A. V.
Patriotic education of socially active population in the conditions of cultural institutions
Glubokiy V. A., Khatuaev M. O., Musafin R. R., Kosovskaya D. V.
The possibilities of interactive teaching methods in the process of conducting lectures and seminars
Goynov I. V., Zverev A. V., Kolochikhin K. S., Savranov A. A., Khokhlacheva E. A.
Improving basic physical qualities in the system of training of skiers-racers in educational organizations of the FPS of Russia
Zakharova A. V., Gebel A. A.
Students’ right to physical education and sports at the university
Zverev A. V., Lysukhin A. M., Tsyplenkov A. I.
The role of physical training in the performance of employees of the operational department of correctional institutions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation
Zorina N. S., Sadykova R. A.
Forecasting the deviant behavior of juvenile offenders
Ivanova S. V., Azarkhin A. V.
The system of legal regulation of the educational process of the university in the context of digital transformation
Madzhuga A. G., Azhiev A. V.
The conceptual foundations of the formation of the civil position of university students
Sedov D. A.
Legal support of the methods of teaching human motor actions
Tarasova A. I., Pozdnyakova K. A., Shanenkova M. M.
Transformation of the system of professional training of legal students in the context of qualitative changes in the educational process in the Russian Federation
Khorolskiy V. V., Lipanin E. A., Chetverikova A. I., Kovalev T. V.
Formation of conflictological competence of a future police officer
Zorina N. S.
Pedagogical recommendations for the prevention of aggressive behavior of juvenile convicts
Le D. A., Bui V. Q.
Factors affecting the consciousness of disciplinary observation of students of people’s police schools

PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW
Abdullin A. R., Torgersen A. S., Gushchin D. N., Milyutin R. V.
Psychological stability of cadets and students of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the process of fire training
Khorolskiy V. V., Khamitov A. R., Gorbatsevich O. A., Buz A. A.
The problem of professional deformation and professional burnout of police officers

STATE AND LAW
Kurapina E. V., Soloukhina E. V.
Realization of the volunteer potential of the Orel region: problems and prospects
Utarbaeva V. S., Migranova E. V.
The Museum as a living organism: notes on the activities of the National Museum of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography (Ufa)

SOCIOLOGY AND LAW
Smirnova I. A., Racheva V. D.
The role of social partnership in the development of student sports
Nguyen Chi Thanh, Tran Van Tien
Mobilizing ethnic minorities to participate in protecting security and order in the Central Highlands and Viet Nam in the current situation

LANGUAGE AND LAW
Marsheva T. V.
English legal terminology and the peculiarities of its translation into Russian

ECONOMY. LAW. SOCIETY
Amirkhanova L. R., Bikmetov E. Yu., Pyatereva V. A.
To the question of system approach in modeling of marketing activity
Garifullin B. A., Martyasheva V. A., Zheltysheva A. D., Ibatullin A. U.
Application of BIM design in the construction industry of the Russian Federation
Davydov E. M.
Recentralization as a strategy for increasing the sustainability of regional meso-level economic systems
Evdokimenko S. S., Berezhnykh M. V.
The current state of innovative activity of enterprises
Kukin L. A.
Methodological approaches to assessing the effectiveness of innovation management of an industrial enterprise in conditions of instability of economic development
Mironov D. E.
Factors of formation of directions of development of the system of technical regulation in the Russian Federation
Savitskaya Yu. P.
Promotion of consulting services
Firsova O. N. Nikitin C. A.
Regional differentiation of small business development in Russia
Tchumlyakov K. S.
Algorithm for the phased internationalization of transport infrastructure
Gretskiy G. V.
On some theoretical, methodological and practical problems of international economic integration (using ASEAN as an example)
Li Gen
Regulatory dynamics: ensuring economic security through stock markets
Sun Xiaotong, Bubnova Yu. B.
Artificial intelligence to support management decisions
Yang Yidan, Fedyunin A. S.
Trade liberalization, national economy and national development

PHILOSOPHY. LAW. SOCIETY
Astapova E. S., Baklanova O. A., Baklanov I. S., Pokhilko A. D.
Determinants of social consciousness as social memory: socio-philosophical approach
Baklanova O. A., Baklanov I. S., Lukyanov G. I., Pokhilko A. D.
Basic reflections of sociality in modern social philosophy
Barinova G. V.
Challenges and security threats in the spiritual sphere of Russian society
Galimova L. R., Salikhov G. G.
Social indicators of the development of the value`s bases of socialization
Zubkov S. A., Volkova V. E.
The philosophy of the nkisi phenomenon as an aesthetic and sacred ideal in the mass consciousness
Klimov S. N., Dronkina A. G.
On the issue of changes in communicative and regulatory mechanisms in modern Russian society
Kuzmenko A. A.
Philosophical understanding of methodological approaches to ergodesign of the life environment
Ravochkin N. N., Shepeleva S. A., Oleksenko E. M.
Sociocultural dynamics in the realities of digitalization: philosophical analysis (part 1)
Salimgareev D. I.
«Nicomachean Ethics» as a ratio of legal and ethical content in establishing consent (using mediation)
Salikhov G. G., Galimova L. R.
Goal setting and goal realization as operational subsystems of the subject’s active activity
Tagaev M. A.
The influence of the new Western theology on the socio-cultural space in the post-secular world
Tuarmenskiy V. V., Burukin V. V., Pecherskiy D. V.
Conceptualization of the problems of legal technique in the implementation of the interpretation of the criminal law
Kupriyanova V. V.
Сollectivism as a type of sociality of Russian society
Fomin A. A.
An axiological surge in the conditions of war as an opportunity and necessity for the awakening of the civilizational ethos of Russia
Yagudin F. T.
Cognitive distortions and their onto-gnoseological bases

PERSONA GRATA
D. I. Lukovskaya:
Law is a human rights manifesto
Interview with Genevra Igorevna Lukovskaya, Ph.D. in Law, professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation.

INTERNATIONAL LAW
KLYACHIN Vyacheslav Matveevich
Ph.D. in Law
PROBLEMS OF THE METHODOLOGY OF INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE SPHERE OF ABSOLUTE UNCERTAINTY
Based on the analysis of common approaches in international law in the field caused by the manifestation of ambiguously regulated events, the article shows the methodological problem of the development of legislation at the national and international levels in relation to the field of manifestation of the phenomenon of absolute uncertainty, using the example of major radiation disasters of our time.
Keywords: uncertainty, methodology for the study of problems of international law, catastrophe, forecasting.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Archibasova L. A. Innocent harm: foreign experience of criminal law regulation // Bulletin of the Omsk Law Institute – Omsk: NOU VPO “Omsk Law. Institute”, 2011. – No. 2 (15).
2. Arnold V.I. Theory of disasters. Ed. 5th. – M.: Editorial URSS, 2009.
3. Vlasenko N. A. Uncertainty in law: nature and forms of expression / N. A. Vlasenko. – (Theoretical problems of Russian law and statehood) // Journal of Russian Law. – 2013. – No. 2. – P. 32-44.
4. Klyachin V. M. Theoretical approaches to the issue of informing the population about the situation in the zone of radiation accidents and disasters // Eurasian Legal Journal. – 2013. – No. 5 (60). – pp. 130-134.
5. Mantashyan S. A. Uncertainty as a technical and legal instrument of the peacemaking process // Young scientist. – 2019. – No. 19 (257) – pp. 218-220. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://moluch/archive/257/58996/ (Date of access: 03/02/2024).
6. Tolstykh V.L. International law and postmodernism // Russian justice. – 2012. – No. 9.
7. Hano J. Japanese disaster. The accident at Fokushima and its consequences: Per with him. – St. Petersburg: BHV-Petersburg, 2013.
8. Bratko A. G. Artificial reason, legal system and functions of the state: monograph. – M.: INFRA-M, 2021.
9. Leonova Yu. A. Gaps in the law of Russia and Germany: comparative analysis: abstract. dis. ….cand. PhD: 12.00.01. – M., 2019. – 29 p.
10. Lyubushkin V. A., Chelmakina A. A. The problem of gaps in legislation and ways to eliminate it // Contentus. – 2022. – No. 4. – P. 34-42.
11. Courtney H., Kirkland D., Viguerie P. Strategy in conditions of uncertainty // Economic strategies. – 2002. – No. 6. – P. 78-85.
12. Chernobyl. Five difficult years: Sat. mater. – M.: Publishing House. – 381 pp.
13. Uncertainty as a challenge. Copper. Anthropology. Aesthetics / Collective monograph ed. Christoph Wulf and Valery Savchuk. – St. Petersburg: Publishing House of the Russian Chemical Academy, 2013. – P. 81-120.
14. Oliveira O. Digital mind: how science is changing humanity / Transl. from English K. Chistopolskaya; scientifically edited by M. Falikman. – Moscow: Publishing House “Delo” RANEPA, 2022. – 448 pp.
15. Demidova L. A., Krakovsky V. V., Pylkin A. N. Decision making under conditions of uncertainty. – M.: Hotline – Telecom, 2012. – P. 17.
16. Raifa G. Decision analysis (introduction to the problem of choice under conditions of uncertainty): Transl. from English – M.: Nauka, 1977. – 408 p.
17. Klyachin V. M. The uncertainty of a disaster as a form of innocent harm // Eurasian Legal Journal. – 2014. – No. 4 (71). – pp. 169-171.

INTERNATIONAL LAW
MISHALCHENKO Marya Yurjevna
senior lecturer of Civil and commercial law sub-faculty of the St. Petersburg State Maritime Technical University
INTERNATIONAL AND PUBLIC LEGAL ASPECTS OF ENSURING THE SAFETY OF INTERNATIONAL ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
The article examines international legal aspects of ensuring the safety of critical energy facilities, and examines the current mechanisms for investigating incidents that occurred at these facilities. As part of this work, the author proposed the creation of an international body with supranational competence for an impartial investigation of incidents at the most important international energy facilities.
Keywords: energy facilities, international regulation, international law, international security, supranational regulation
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Borrell advocated a military solution to the conflict. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2022/04/09/14718091.shtml?ysclid=lqw8kyhufy979121819 (Access date 101/01/2024).
2. Germany refused to launch Nord Stream 2. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://ura.news/news/1052530790 (Access date 02/10/2024).
3. Eurostat reported data on the purchase by EU countries of the Russian joint venture. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://ria.ru/20231119/gaz- 1910382536.html (access date 12/18/2023).
4. Mordvinova E. S., Karpova A. V. Trade and economic cooperation between Russia and Germany: historical aspect and modernity // Modern technologies and automation in technology, management and education: Collection of proceedings of the II International Scientific and Practical Conference. Volume 2. Balakovo: National Research Nuclear University “MEPhI”, 2020. pp. 419-424.
5. Ritter: The CIA is trying to shift the blame for the Nord Stream bombing to Ukraine. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://rg.ru/2023/11/16/ritter-cru-pytaetsia-perelozhit-na-ukrainu-vinu-za-podryv-severnyh-potokov.html (Date of access: 12/18/2023).
6. Hidden details. What did the investigation into the terrorist attack on Nord Stream lead to? [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://ria.ru/20230926/politika-1897982896.html?ysclid=lp5i2 bv3vm111972683 (Date of access: 02/18/2024).
7. Smirnov S.V. At the origins of Russian-German energy interaction (70s of the twentieth century) // MGIMO Bulletin. 2011. No. 2. P. 193-200.
8. The third package of EU sanctions: what it includes and what threatens us. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.kp.ru/daily/27369.5/4551659/?ysclid=lqw87gii7o264411112 (Access date 02.27.2024).
9. What is known about the Nord Stream gas pipelines and their explosion. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://tass.ru/info/17258101?ysclid=lp5j4ynm7g544748633 (date accessed 02/18/2024).
10. Lavrov announced the US recognition of involvement in the Nord Stream explosions. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.rbc.ru/politics/12/02/2023/63e8e6979a7947c3868da086 (Date of access: 02/04/2024).
11. 12th package of EU sanctions against Russia. What is important to know. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.rbc.ru/economics/19/12/2023/65807aff9a794779f386ace3?ysclid=lqw82px8gc804657779&from=copy (Access date 03/06/2024).

INTERNATIONAL LAW
NUTSALHANOV Gamzat Nutsalhanovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, Head of State and legal disciplines sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Institute of the All-Russian University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Makhachkala
ANALYSIS OF THE PROVISIONS OF THE TREATY ON A NUCLEAR-FREE ZONE IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
The subject of this article is the content of the Treaty on a Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone in Southeast Asia, its shortcomings. The task of writing this article is a comprehensive study of the obligations under the Rarotonga Treaty. The research methodology is based on a formal legal analysis of the provisions of the Bangkok Treaty. The author concludes that in many respects the Bangkok Treaty is similar to other treaties on nuclear-weapon-free zones, but it has some unique features.
Keywords: nuclear-weapon-free zone, disarmament, Bangkok Treaty, reports, deployment of nuclear weapons, information exchange, IAEA safeguards.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. “U.S. Drops Its Objections to Asia Nuclear-Free Zone” in International Herald Tribune of 1 August 1995. P. 1.
2. Freestone D. and Davidson S. “Nuclear Weapon Free Zones” In I. Pogany, ed. Nuclear Weapons and International Law. Avebury: Aldershot, 1987. pp. 176-217.
3. Bekker P. H. F. Advisory Opinions of the World Court on the Legality of Nuclear Weapons // American Society of International Law Newsletter: ASIL Insight, 1996. November-December. pp. 1-4.
4. Gao Z. “The South China Sea: From Conflict to Co-operation”? // Ocean Development and International Law. 1994. Vol. 25. pp. 345-359.
5. Treaty on a Nuclear Weapon Free Zone in Southeast Asia. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://w5. www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/bangkok.shtml (Date of access: 11/10/2023)
6. Hanggi H. “ASEAN and the ZOPFAN Concept.” In Pacific Strategic Papers. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. 1991.
7. Bennett M. The People’s Republic of China and the Use of International Law in the Spratly Islands Dispute // Stanford Journal of International Law. 1991-92. Vol. 28. R. 425-450.
8. McFadden E. Nuclear Weapon Free Zones: Towards an International Framework // Case Western International Law Journal. 1986. Vol. 16. R. 217-249.
9. Cordner G. The Spratly Islands Dispute and the Law of the Sea // Ocean Development and International Law. 1994. Vol. 25. R. 61-74.
10. Subedi S.P. Problems and prospects for the treaty on the creation of a nuclear-weapon-free zone in Southeast Asia // International Journal of Peace Studies. 1999. No. 4 (1). R. 63-77.
11. Acharya A., Boutin J. The Southeast Asia Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone Treaty // Security Dialogue. 1998. No. 9 (2). R. 219-230.
12. Caballero-Anthony, Mely, et al. “Enhancing Nuclear Energy Cooperation in ASEAN: Regional Norms and Challenges.” Learning from Fukushima: Nuclear Power in East Asia, edited by PETER VAN NESS and MEL GURTOV, ANU Press, 2017. Pp. 187-218.
13. Sucharitkul S. Brunei Darussalam-Cambodia-Indonesia-Laos-Malaysia-Myanmar-Philippines-SIngapore-Thailand-Vietnam: Treaty on the Southeast Asia nuclear weapon-free zone // International Legal Materials. 1996. Vol. 35. No. 3. R. 635-650.

INTERNATIONAL LAW
TALIMONCHIK Valentina Petrovna
Ph.D. in Law, professor, senior researcher of General Theoretical legal disciplines sub-faculty of the North-Western Branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Saint Petersburg
FEATURES OF CHALLENGING LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTS IN THE COURT OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION
The purpose of the research undertaken in the article is to identify the range of law enforcement acts adopted within the framework of the EAEU and to determine the specifics of their contestation in the EAEU Court. Methods of analysis and synthesis, formal-logical and problem-theoretical methods were used in the study. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the peculiarities of the adoption and contestation of law enforcement acts within the framework of the EAEU are determined by the level, depth and specifics of Eurasian integration. At the moment, the most frequently disputed law enforcement acts in the EAEU Court are the decisions of the Commission on the installation of violations of competition rules by business entities, as well as on the bringing to the responsibility in the form of a fine for such violations.
Keywords: judge, court, justice, Court of the Eurasian Economic Union, EAEU legal system, law enforcement, law enforcement act, Commission Decision, single market of goods, services, capital and labor resources , general principles and rules of competition.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Ananyeva M.K., Malko E.A. The Court of the Eurasian Economic Union in the implementation of legal policy // Legal Science. – 2018. – No. 3. – P. 19-23.
2. Babkina E. V. Court of the Eurasian Economic Union: the role of an advisory opinion on leasing in the law of the EAEU // Lawyer. – 2020. – No. 9. – P. 59-63.
3. Babkina E. V., Kolos D. G. Court of the Eurasian Economic Union: tasks and first results // International justice in the XXI century. – Minsk, Businessofset, 2016. – pp. 178-191.
4. Baishev Zh. N. Court of the Eurasian Economic Union: problems of functioning // Proceedings of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences. – 2019. – T. 14. No. 1. – P. 57-75.
5. Baishev R. Zh. Subjects of appeal to the Court of the Eurasian Economic Union, including on issues of consumer lending // Law and State. – 2020. – No. 1-2 (86-87). – pp. 106-129.
6. Biryukov M. M., Torkunova E. A. European law. Fundamentals of integration law of the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union. – M.: Legal publishing house “Norma”, 2018. – 528 p.
7. Biryukov M. M., Voynikov V. V., Gudkov I. V., Egorova E. N., Kasyanov R. A., Korogod S. O., Naku A. A., Seliverstov S. S., Topornin N. B., Torkunova E. A., Entin V. L., Entin K. V., Entin L. M., Entin M. L. European law. Branches of law of the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union. – M.: Publishing house NORMA Infra-M, – 2018. – 416 pp.
8. Vatyl V. N., Vatyl N. V. Court of the Eurasian Economic Union: supranational level of legal regulation // Bulletin of the Grodno State University named after Yanka Kupala. Series 4. Jurisprudence. – 2020. – T. 10. No. 3. – P. 130-137.
9. Voinikov V.V. Law of the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union: legislation and judicial practice. – Kaliningrad, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 2022. – 70 p.
10. Gudkov I.V., Egorova E.N., Kasyanov R.A., Korogod S.O., Naku A.A., Seliverstov S.S., Topornin N.B., Entin V.L., Entin M. L. European law. branches of law of the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union. – M.: Publishing house NORM; Infra-M, 2021. – 416 pp.
11. Dyachenko E. B. Court of the Eurasian Economic Union: commentary on the Advisory Opinion dated November 22, 2022 in case No. SE-2-2/1-22 on methods of provision in public procurement // International Justice. – 2023. – No. 1 (45). – pp. 21-28.
12. Iskakova Zh. T., Karabaev F. Zh. The Court of the Eurasian Economic Union in the formation of the legal system of the integration association // International Scientific Review. – 2017. – No. 2 (33). – pp. 58-60.
13. Kirin A. A. Court EEuropean Economic Union in the system of supranational bodies // Eurasian Union of Scientists. – 2015. – No. 4-9 (13). – pp. 69-72.
14. Kozlov D.V. Law of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU law). – Rostov-on-Don, Southern Federal University Publishing House. – 2019. – 222 pp.
15. Kosarenko N. N., Kvyatkovsky A. V. International regulation and application of customs order in the Eurasian Economic Union // Eurasian Advocacy. – 2016. – No. 5 (24). – pp. 135-140.
16. Kugach V.V., Tarasova E.N. Rules for determining the procedure for dispensing drugs in the Eurasian Economic Union: application, features // Bulletin of Pharmacy. – 2021. – No. 3 (93). – pp. 14-21.
17. Neshataeva T. N. The Court of the Eurasian Economic Union: from the legal position to the current law // International justice. – 2017. – No. 2 (22). – pp. 64-79.
18. Neshataeva T. N. Uniform law enforcement is the goal of the Eurasian Court // Russian justice. – 2016. – No. 11 (127). – pp. 5-17.
19. Novikov V. E., Izgagina T. Yu. Anti-dumping duties, their essence and application in the Eurasian Economic Union // Bulletin of the Russian Customs Academy. – 2021. – No. 1 (54). – pp. 9-16.
20. Ponamorenko V. E., Lifshits I. M., Sorokin K. G., Kudryashov V. V., Milogolov N. S., Korovyakovsky D. G. Financial law of the Eurasian Economic Union. – M.: All-Russian Academy of Foreign Trade of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, 2016. – 160 pp.
21. Protazanova A. V. Court of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU): legal status and judicial practice in relation to legal entities and individuals // Russian science in the context of reforms: the practical result of innovative transformations. Collection of scientific articles. – Tyumen, 2017. – pp. 66-71.
22. Savenkov A. N., Chaika K. L., Dyachenko E. B., Entin K. V. The Court of the Eurasian Economic Union and the formation of EAEU law. – M.: Prospekt, 2021. – 352 pp.
23. Cherepanov S. A. Tax law of the Eurasian Economic Union. – Ekaterinburg, LLC Publishing House UMC UPI, 2021. – 63 p.

INTERNATIONAL LAW
SHONIN Nikolay Egorovich
Ph.D. in political sciences, associate professor of International law and international relations sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Ufa University of Science and Technologies, Honored Worker of Higher Education of the Russian Federation
GLORIFICATION OF THE NAZISM AND THE UN-POSITION
The actuality of this research consists in the fact, that from the beginning of the 21st century the West launched a mass campaign for the rewriting of the history of the World War II in order not only to downgrade the decisive role of the Soviet people in the crushing defeat of the Nazi Germany, but also to distract the world public attention from the West role in the sponsorship and arming of the Nazi Germany and its direction to war against the USSR.
The objective of this research is to study the ideological background of the Nazism, causes of its revival. The subject of research is the proof of similarity between the methods of the strengthening of its supremacy by the colonial powers and the methods of the Nazis.
Keywords: colonialism, nationalism, Nazism, ideas roots, ends and means, slavery, genocide, succession, glorification.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Black, Edwin. (2009) (2001). IBM and the Holocaust: The strategic alliance between Nazi Germany and America’s most powerful corporation. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://translated.turbopages.org/proxy_u/en-ru.ru.9981655664ae93967-d 9164f3-74722d776562/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_and_the_Holocaust (Date of access: 06/12/2023).
2. That’s who gave Hitler money for the war! – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://sovsojuz.mirtesen.ru/blog/ 43767316943/Vot-kto-dal-Gitleru-dengi-na-voynu- (Date of access: 02/20/2023).
3. Hitler – a project of the Anglo-Saxons and the European Union of the 30s. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://dzen.ru/a/YJRX_KX4cCaxTveL (Date of access: 02.20.2023).
4. Spinul S. Who sponsored Hitler: historical facts, truth and fiction. July 7, 2018. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://fb.ru/article/400395/kto-sponsiroval-gitlera-istoricheskie-faktyi-pravda-i-vyimyisel (Date of access: 07/10/2023).
5. Nigmatullin R.V. In memory of the legendary fellow countryman Dayan Murzin // Rule of law: theory and practice. – 2020. – No. 3 (61). – pp. 165-174.
6. Nazism in North and South America. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://translated.turbopages.org/proxy_u/en-ru.ru.3663627c-642a92f2-d76daa7674722d776562/https/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazism_in_the_Americas (Date of access: 03/15/2023).

INTERNATIONAL LAW
ZAYTSEVASerafima Evgenjevna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of Foreign languages sub-faculty of the V. Ya. Kikot Moscow University of the MIA of Russia
FEATURES OF ANTI-CORRUPTION APPROACHES AT THE PRESENT STAGE: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
The article discusses concepts such as corruption, modern forms and features of corruption, as well as criteria affecting the level of corruption in countries at the present stage. Special attention is paid to the analysis of foreign experience in the fight against corruption and priority political and legal principles and technologies for combating corruption in Russia. The purpose of the article is to identify the most productive methods of combating corruption based on the analysis of anti-corruption approaches of various states. The tasks necessary to achieve this goal are to clarify the essence of the social phenomenon of corruption, study the anti-corruption policies of various countries, and others. The research methodology is represented by general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, induction, etc., as well as special methods of cognition of legal phenomena. The conclusions of the study are the improvement of anti-corruption activities which should be associated with the comprehensive implementation of legal, political, organizational, technical and financial measures that ensure the development of necessary mechanisms, the implementation of which will create serious prerequisites for a radical change in the situation in the field of countering large-scale manifestations of corruption.
Keywords: corruption activities, comparative analysis, political, legal and social foundations of anti-corruption.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Anti-corruption portal, country reviews. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://anticor.hse.ru/main/countries (Date of access: 02/15/2024).
2. Akhmetov A. S. Corruption as a social phenomenon: problems and prospects for combating corruption // Journal of advanced research in the field of law and economics. – 2020. – No. 9 (5). – pp. 153-154.
3. The fight against corruption in China: methods, experience. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://fb.ru/article/285462 (Date of access: 02/15/2024).
4. General Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation on combating corruption. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://genproc.gov.ru/anticor/detail (Date of access: 02.12.2024).
5. Documents. President of Russia. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://en.kremlin.ru/supplement/566 (Date of access: 03/04/2024).
6. Lionov A. Yu. Anti-corruption policy of Denmark // Questions of student science. – 2020. – No. 5 (45). – pp. 351-354.
7. Methodological materials of the Main Investigation Department. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://mosobl.sledcom.ru/anti_corruption (Date of access: 02/20/2024).
8. Report on corruption in Denmark. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.ganintegrity.com/portal/country-profiles/denmark (Date of access: 03/10/2024).
9. Prosekov S.A. The fight against corruption in modern China // Manuscript. – 2021. – No. 14 (5). – pp. 22-27.
10. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated December 3, 2013 no. 878 (as amended on February 17, 2021) “On the Office of the President of the Russian Federation for Anti-Corruption” (together with the “Regulations on the Office of the President of the Russian Federation for Anti-Corruption”). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://en.kremlin.ru/supplement/566 (Access date: 03/10/2024).
11. Khabibulin A.G. Corruption as a threat to national security: methodology, problems and ways to solve them // Journal of Russian Law. – 2017. – No. 2 (122). – pp. 45-50.

INTERNATIONAL LAW
LI Yixuan
postgraduate student (Modern international law) of the Faculty of Law of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
KEY ISSUES OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STRATEGY AND CHINA’S POSITION
Purpose: the purpose of the article is to study the main issues of international legal strategy and China’s position on the world stage. The key principles, approaches and actions of China in the field of international law are analyzed, and the main trends and challenges facing the Chinese international legal strategy are identified.
Methods: to achieve this goal, the author of the article uses a comprehensive analysis of modern international legal documents, official statements and China’s positions in the international arena. A comparative analysis of China’s legal approaches with the positions of other countries and international organizations is also carried out to identify the features and trends of the Chinese strategy.
Results: The study produced valuable results. An analysis was carried out of the basic principles and strategic priorities of Chinese international legal policy, which made it possible to identify the main trends and challenges for China on the world stage. The features of the implementation of Chinese interests through the prism of international law were also revealed.
Conclusions: the conclusion of the article summarizes the results and draws conclusions. It is noted that China’s strategy and position in the field of international law play a significant role in shaping the world order and solving global problems. It is important to take into account the features of the Chinese international legal strategy when developing international treaties, agreements and decisions to ensure a sustainable and fair world order.
Keywords: international law, international relations, international legal strategy, China, law of foreign countries.
Bibliographic list
1. Li Xiaomin On China’s “new security” // Beijing: Heping yu fazhan. – 2022. – No. 2. – 140 p.
2. Jiang Zemin’s report at the XVI National Congress of the Communist Party of China. China. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.chinaconsulate.khb.ru/rus/zgzt/sldzt/t118050.htm.
3. Zhuang Liwei China’s International Strategy in the ASEAN Discussions // Dandai yatai (Modern Asia-Pacific Region). – 2020. – No. 6. – From 4-11.
4. Yan Xuetong. The new concept of China’s security and the direction of cooperation in the field of security // Xiandai guoji guanxi. – 2019. – No. 11. – R. 2-9.

INTERNATIONAL LAW
MA Jixiang
master of the Faculty of Foreign Languages of the Binhai Institute, Qingdao
KASHAEV Nail Khamitovich
senior lecturer of International law and international relations sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Ufa University of Sciences and Technology
THE MAIN FACTORS IN THE FORMATION OF A MODERN MULTIPOLAR SYSTEM IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
The new type of international relations will inevitably show new characteristics compared to the old type of international relations. Since the basis of the relationship between sovereign states has not changed, the subject of the new type of international relations has not changed significantly. The most distinctive feature of the new type of international relations is that it takes mutually beneficial cooperation as its core concept and builds a community with a common destiny for mankind as its target model. Guided by the basic concepts and models of goals, the new type of international relations will have new characteristics that differ from the old type of international relations in terms of basic content, themes, characteristics of relations between countries, main contradictions and main modes of behavior .
Keywords: new international relations, mutually beneficial cooperation, multipolar system, international security.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Sorokin K. E. Geopolitics of the modern world and Russia // Polis. – 2022. – No. 1. – P. 230.
2. Borisov B. G. The Many-Cursed World [Electronic resource]. -Access mode: http://www.rus-obr.ru/ print/ru-club/1812.
3. Goncharov I.V. Issues of international cooperation of states in the field of human rights in the conditions of the formation of a multipolar world [Electronic resource]. -Access mode: http://jurnal.amvd.ru/indviewst.php?stt=265&SID.
4. Shakleina T. A. Russia and the USA in the new world order. Discussions in political and academic communities in Russia and the USA (1991-2002). – M.: Publishing house Astek-M., 2022.
5. Kapustin B.G. Ideology and politics in post-communist Russia. – M., 2021. – P. 410.
6. Gretsky G.V. Construction of a single economic space of partner countries on the principles of polycentrism and collective responsibility // Discussion. – 2023. – No. 5 (120). – pp. 84-94.

INTERNATIONAL LAW
SUN Haoxuan
master of the Faculty of World Politics and International Relations of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
REDNIKOV Dmitriy Valerjevich
senior lecturer of Economics and legal security sub-faculty of the Institute of History and Public Administration of the Ufa University of Sciences and Technology
INTERNATIONAL SECURITY IN MODERN CONDITIONS
This article is devoted to the current problem of international security in modern conditions. It examines the main challenges and threats facing the world community. Particular attention is paid to the need for cooperation between states within the framework of international organizations to effectively solve these problems. The importance of preventive measures and diplomatic efforts in conflictict prevention and dispute resolution are also discussed. The author comes to the conclusion that ensuring international security requires an integrated approach, including political, economic, social and environmental aspects.
Keywords: international security, terrorism, UN, international cooperation.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Lebedeva M. M. Political conflict resolution: approaches, solutions, technologies. – M.: Aspect Press, 2021. – 271 p.
2. Tsygankov P. A. Theory of international relations: textbook. allowance. – 2nd ed. – M.: Gardariki, 2020. – 557 p.
3. Sergunin A. A. Russian foreign policy thought: problems of national and international security: monograph. – Nizhny Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod State Linguistic University named after N. A. Dobrolyubov, 2020. – 94 p.

INTERNATIONAL LAW
NIKITINA Angelika Alexandrovna
Ph.D. in economical sciences, associate professor of International and integration law sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Ufa University of Science and Technology
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS REGULATING THE ORGANIZATION OF ELECTRONIC COMMERCE THROUGH MARKETPLACES
Against the background of its exponential growth in both quantity and volume of turnover, the development of marketplaces has become a key element of e-commerce, which differs significantly from traditional trade in terms of implementation methods. The widespread development of the Internet and the computerization of society creates new threats and challenges that generate new forms of economic impact between States. This necessitates the legislative consolidation of the rights and obligations of subjects of information legal relations in the e-commerce market. In this article, the author examined what marketplaces are and how their legal regulation is regulated in the international space. In addition, the author presented practical examples of legal regulation of e-commerce in Russia and China in the context of the dynamics of digitalization of trade.
Keywords: legal status of e-commerce, digitalization of trade, export activities, marketplaces, development prospects, international law, effectiveness
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Biryukova O. V., Daniltsev A. V. When cooperation does not work out: global management of digital trade // Bulletin of international organizations. – 2019. T. 14. No. 1. – P. 7-20 (in Russian and English). DOI: 10.17323/1996-7845-2019-01-01
2. Blinova E. M. Legal regulation of marketplaces: challenges and prospects // Scientific Leader. – 2023. – No. 48 (146). – pp. 137-139.
3. Golovchenko O. N. Legal aspects of liability of online e-commerce platforms for violation of antimonopoly legislation // Laws of Russia: experience, analysis, practice. – 2023. – No. 9. – P. 74-78.
4. Kozinets N.V. Legal regulation of marketplaces: current problems // Law and power. – 2023. – No. 1. – P. 29-31.
5. Menyuan Ts., Yushkova L.V., Stupina A.A. The influence of the features of e-commerce on cross-border Russian-Chinese trade and trade of the countries of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative // Bulletin of the Altai Academy of Economics and Law. – 2022. – No. 11-2. – pp. 281-287
6. Nikitina, A. A., Taipova S. A. Digitalization of trade in Russia through the use of marketplaces // International Economics. – 2024. – No. 2. – P. 122-129. – DOI 10.33920/vne-04-2402-04.
7. Regional branding: from theory to practice: Monograph / R. R. Suleymanova, R. V. Nigmatullin, E. N. Yamalova [etc.]; Edited by R. R. Suleymanova. – Ufa: Bashkir State University, 2022. – 164 p. – ISBN 978-5-7477-5521-5.

INTERNATIONAL LAW
UMAROV Yaroslav Vladislavovich
magister student of the Institute of Law of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
CURRENT ISSUES OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW AT THE PRESENT STAGE
The article analyzes the key problems of implementing the norms of international humanitarian law (IHL) in the context of armed conflicts of the 21st century. The issues of conflict qualification, protection of civilians and objects, regulation of means and methods of warfare, and implementation of IHL norms are examined. Gaps and contradictions in the existing IHL system, conditioned by changes in the nature of modern conflicts, are identified. Possible directions for increasing the effectiveness and adaptation of IHL to new challenges are proposed.
Keywords: international humanitarian law, armed conflicts, protection of war victims, implementation, international and non-international conflicts, non-state armedgroups, Geneva Conventions, Additional Protocols.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. David E. Principles of the Law of Armed Conflict. – Moscow: ICRC, 2011. – 1144 p.
2. Hencerts J.-M., Doswald-Beck L. Customary international humanitarian law. Volume I. Norms. – ICRC, 2006. – 818 p.
3. Kotlyarov I. I., Puzyreva Yu. V. Non-state armed groups and international humanitarian law. – Moscow: UNITY-DANA, 2018. – 175 p.
4. Bocharov M.V. Non-state armed groups and international humanitarian law // Moscow Journal of International Law. – 2017. – No. 2. – P. 56-71.
5. Egorov S. A. Armed conflicts and international law. – Moscow: Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2003. – 415 p.
6. Batyr V. A. International humanitarian law. – Moscow: Justitsinform, 2019. – 497 p.
7. International law: Textbook / Rep. ed. Ignatenko G.V., Tiunov O.I. – 6th ed., revised. and additional – Moscow: Yur. Norma, SIC INFRA-M, 2019. – 752 pp.
8. Mammerer N., Arimatsu L. (eds). The Law of Military Occupation. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. – 408 p.
9. Halfina R. O. General doctrine of legal relations. – M.: Legal literature, 1974. – 351 p.

INTERNATIONAL LAW
MALICHENKO Vladislav Sergeevich
Ph.D. in Law, senior researcher of the Department of Social Legislation of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation; researcher of the Faculty of Law of the Institute of National and Comparative Legal Studies of the National Research University “Higher School of Economics”
THE PROBLEM OF BALANCING PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INTERESTS IN THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN HEALTH EMERGENCIES
One of the barriers to granting universal access to health technologies in emergency situations is the absence of balance between public legal guarantees of ensuring the human right to health and private legal guarantees to protect the exclusive rights of TNCs in the medical and pharmaceutical industries . The consequences of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 indicated the commitment of the United States and European countries to the primary satisfaction of national social and economic priorities, contrasting them with the generally accepted principles of human rights protection , has formed the category of “vaccine nationalism” in the system of international relations, which means the priority of the country – the manufacturer in obtaining the required volume of vaccines or other medicines. A clear deficit of leadership is evident in the coordination of international cooperation in the field of health care on the part of international organizations, as well as the increasing role of TNCs in the global world order. The presented trends determine one of the vectors of international law development in the coming decades is the formation of effective mechanisms for managing global health, which involves strengthening the rule-making role of the WHO, rethinking the role of non-state entities in regulating international relations, as well as the implementation of measures aimed at ensuring sustainable access to health technologies.
Keywords: pandemic, right to health, health technologies, global governance, BRICS, technology transfer, TNC.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Malichenko V. S. On the issue of responsibility of transnational corporations for limiting access to healthcare technologies in international law // Modern science: current problems of theory and practice. Series: Economics and law. – 2022. – No. 5. – P. 178-181.
2. Hafner M., Yerushalmi E., Fays C., Dufresne, E. and Van Stolk, C. COVID-19 and the cost of vaccine nationalism // Rand Health Quarterly. – 2022 – Vol. 9. – No. 4.
3. Stephenson J. Unequal access to COVID-19 vaccine leaves less-wealthy countries more vulnerable, poses threat to global immunity // JAMA Health Forum. – 2021. – Vol. 2. – No. 3: e210505.
4. Turner M. Vaccine procurement during an influenza pandemic and the role of advance purchase agreements: lessons from 2009-H1N1 // Global public health. – 2016. – Vol. 11. – No. 3. – P. 322-335.
5. Wang Y. et al. Ebola vaccines in clinical trial: the promising candidates // Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics. – 2017. – Vol. 1. – P. 153-168.

EUROPEAN LAW
NAKRYZHSKAYA Valeriya Arkadjevna
postgraduate student of Integration and European law sub-faculty of the O. E. Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSLA)
LEGAL STATUS OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF INDUSTRIAL POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
The article examines the legal aspects of the status of small and medium-sized enterprises within the framework of the general industrial and related policies of the European Union (EU), in particular in the areas of investment financing, innovation and education of this integration association. Within the framework of the research the author elaborates on the instruments existing at the intersection of industrial and innovation policy of the EU “Horizon Europe” – the European Innovation Council and the European Institute of Innovation and Technology – that encourage innovative small and medium-sized enterprises In conclusion, the author considers the phenomenon of technology transfer (commercialization) in the activities of university affiliated enterprises, which is the first step in the implementation of the European industrial policy.
Keywords: EU industrial policy, SMEs, EU innovation policy, Horizon Europe, InvestEU, Erasnus+.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Fontes M. The process of transformation of scientific and technological knowledge into economic value conducted by biotechnology spin-offs // Technovation. – 2005. – Volume 25. Issue 4. – P. 339-347. – ISSN 0166-4972.
2. Rogers E. M. Lessons learned about technology transfer / Everett M. Rogers, Shiro Takegami, Jing Yin // Technovation. – 2001. – Volume 21. Issue 4. – P. 253-261 – ISSN 0166-4972.

LAW OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES
BREDIKHIN Anton Viktorovich
Ph.D. in historical sciences, leading researcher of the Institute of China and Modern Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences
ZAKOPYRIN Vladimir Nikolaevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Administrative and financial law sub-faculty of the Academy of Law and Management of the FPS of Russia, Ryazan
USTINOVICH Elena Stepanovna
Ph.D. in political sciences, associate professor, accredited Expert in the scientific and technical field of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation
ON THE STATUS OF PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
This article examines the issue of defining the status of private military companies in the People’s Republic of China in the scientific community. This topic has become particularly relevant in connection with the implementation of the transnational economic project “One Belt, One Road” and the emergence of the need to ensure its security. The absence of the concept of a private military company in Chinese legislation leads to uncertainty and the emergence of different approaches. At the same time, PMCs act as an instrument of state policy, are used exclusively by the state, but do not have a sufficient level of combat capability, as a result of which they do not compete with the PLA.
Keywords: China, corporations, mercenaries, private military companies
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Bredikhin A.V. The position of the countries of the Islamic world regarding China’s policy in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region // Minbar. Islamic Studies. – 2023. – T. 16. – No. 3. – P. 619-628.
2. Bredikhin A.V., Seleznev I.A., Ustinovich E.S. Prospects for the integration of Mongolia into the Shanghai Cooperation Organization // Issues of national and federal relations. – 2023. – T. 13. Issue. 10(103). – pp. 4217-4227.
3. Bredikhin A.V., Yadykina T.S. The special influence of China on the nature of the Kashmir crisis // Humanities. Bulletin of the Financial University. – 2023. – No. 13 (4). – pp. 115-119.
4. Denisov R. A., Airiyan R. S. Private military companies. The situation in the world ocean // News of higher educational institutions. North Caucasus region. Social Sciences. – 2022. – No. 2. – P. 39-44.
5. Shalak A.V., Tretyakov D.A. The role of Chinese private military companies in the implementation of the “One Belt – One Road” initiative // Russian-Chinese Studies. – 2022. – No. 2. – P. 77-83.

COMPARATIVE LAW
IZRALOVSKIY Nikolay Romanovich
student of the Faculty of Law of the Saint Petersburg State University
PETROVA Antonina Sergeevna
student of the Faculty of Law of the Saint Petersburg State University
DIGITALIZATION OF CIVIL PROCEEDING IN BRICS COUNTRIES: CHINESE AND INDIAN EXPERIENCE
This article was written as part of the authors’ comprehensive study of the digitalization process in the BRICS countries. When scientific material is available, attention is focused on the informatization of the civil process in the countries of this association, but due to the differences in the development of states, this is not always possible. In the second part of the paper, devoted to the analysis ofthe experience of China and India, the authors successfully analyze the reasons for the beginning of digitalization of civil proceedings in these countries, as well as consider those areas that have been affected by digitalization to a greater extent. In addition, the authors discuss the problem of introducing artificial intelligence technologies into the judicial systems of India and China and analyze the circumstances that accelerate or slow down this process.
Keywords: civil procedure, BRICS, India, China, digitalization, artificial intelligence technologies.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Kirit, J. The Wheels of Justice Delivery Mechanism: An Introspection, The SCC Online Blog. – [Electronic resource]. – Available at: https://www.scconline.com/blog/post/2020/07/06/the-wheels-of-justice-delivery-mechanism-an-introspection/
2. Rusakova E. P. The impact of digitalization on civil proceedings in Russia and abroad: the experience of China, India, Singapore, the European Union, the USA, South Africa and some other countries. Author’s abstract. …dis. doc. legal Sci. – Moscow, 2022. – 25 p.
3. Tiwari R. K., & Singh A. Digitalization-The New Era of Indian Judiciary // Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities. – 2020. – No. 3. – pp. 196-200.
4. Agrawal K. B. Civil Procedure in India. – Alphen aan den Rijn, Netherlands: Wolters Kluwer, 2016. – RUR 362
5. NITI Aayong. National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence. 2018. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-03/National-Strategy-for-Artificial-Intelligence.pdf.
6. Roy R. Physical Court Hearings Can’t Be Done Away With, But Virtual Courts Must Be Strengthened: Justice M B Lokur. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/physical-court-hearings-cant-be-done-away-with-but-virtual-courts-must-be-strengthened-justice-m-b- lokur-156717?infinitescroll=1.
7. Xiong C. Deng Xiaoping’s Views on Science and Technology: Origins of the Sino-U.S. Science and Technology Cooperation, 1977-1979 // Journal of American-East Asian Relations. – 2021. – No. 2. – pp. 159-185.
8. Tang, Y., Zhu, Y. Qian Xuesen’s ‘Cultural Design’ and the Development of Engineering Science at the University of Science and Technology of China // Cultures of Science. – 2018. – No. 2. – pp. 133-153.
9. Gao X. Q. Chinese justice in the era of artificial intelligence // Journal of Zhejiang University (Humanities and Social Sciences) – 2019. – No. 4. – pp. 229-240.
10. Wang N., Tian M. Y. ‘Intelligent Justice’: AI Implementations in China’s Legal Systems. Artificial Intelligence and Its Discontents. in Critiques from the Social Sciences and Humanities. – Switzerland: Springer Nature, 2022. – pp. 197-222.
11. Xu Z. Human Judges in the era of artificial intelligence: challenges and opportunities. // Applied Artificial Intelligence. – 2022. – No. 1. – Pr. 1025-1045.
12. Rusakova E. P., Frolova E. E. Procedural Standards for Civil Proceedings in China’s Internet Courts // New Technology for Inclusive and Sustainable Growth: Technological Support, Standards and Commercial Turnover. – Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. – pp. 187-192.

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW
BURYANOVA Evgeniya Ivanovna
Ph.D. in Law, Vice-rector for scientific work of the Nevinnomyssk Institute of Economics, Management and Law
GARASHCHENKO Alexander Yurjevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Legal disciplines sub-faculty of the Nevinnomyssk Institute of Economics, Management and Law
THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE IN RUSSIA AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES: RISKS AND PROSPECTS
The spread of artificial intelligence technologies, along with obvious advantages, also carries very tangible risks. The latter relates to the potential loss of control over the management of such systems and technologies. In this regard, the problem of introducing the practice of careful planning of all possible aspects of involving artificial intelligence in key areas of society is of particular relevance. Despite the fact that this work is generally being carried out, it is still not being carried out with the intensity that is currently required in this area of life in modern Russian society. The authors of the article, using the entire set of general scientific and special methods of knowledge, explore the prospects and threats of using artificial intelligence in domestic and foreign law enforcement practice. The conclusion is formulated that in the 21st century, computing systems are reaching a new level of their specification, robotization will inevitably cover a significant number of areas of economics, production and law enforcement, and therefore it is important to predict the consequences of certainsteps, weigh risks and prospects, and competently select the appropriate legal tools. It is proposed in the very near future to develop a policy document that would consolidate the principles of the development of artificial intelligence in the law enforcement field.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, digitalization, robotization, law enforcement, legal consciousness, digital-free reality.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Bot judge: what threatens the use of artificial intelligence in courts. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.forbes.ru/mneniya/484998-bot-sud-a-cem-grozit-primenenie-iskusstvennogo-intellekta-v-sudah (access date: 03/06/2024).
2 . Vekhov V. B. Automated methods for investigating crimes as a new direction in forensic technology // News of the Tula State University. Economic and legal sciences. – 2016. – No. 3-2. – pp. 8-11.
3. Ivliev G. P., Egorova M. A. Legal issues of the legal status of artificial intelligence and products created by artificial intelligence systems // Journal of Russian Law. – 2022. – T. 26. No. 6. – pp. 32-46.
4. Kazachanskaya E. A., Ovchinnikov A. I., Oganesyan A. K. Religious legal consciousness in the digital world and European conservatism // Bulletin of Tomsk State University. – 2022. – No. 476. – pp. 95-104.
5. Medvedev D. A. Artificial intelligence as a subject of law: tortiousness of artificial intelligence // Bulletin of the Russian New University. Series: Man and Society. – 2023. – No. 4. – pp. 146-151.
6. Minbaleev A.V. The concept of “artificial intelligence” in law // Bulletin of the Udmurt University. Series “Economics and Law”. – 2022. – No. 6. – pp. 1094-1099.
7. Momotov explained why artificial intelligence will never replace a judge. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://pravo.ru/news/210547/ (date of access: 03/07/2024).
8. Ovchinnikov A.I. Legal theology and its value in the post-secular world // Social value of law in modern society: Materials of the sixth All-Russian Symposium, Yekaterinburg, June 03-04, 2021 / Rep. editor V. D. Perevalov. – Ekaterinburg, 2021. – pp. 140-147.
9. Ovchinnikov A.I. Traditional spiritual and moral values, sovereignty and legal regulation of metaverses // History of state and law. – 2023. – No. 4. – pp. 37-43.
10. Ostroumov N.V. Artificial intelligence in law: a review of existing concepts of legal regulation of relations with the participation of artificial intelligence carriers // Law and order. – 2021 – No. 3 (31). – pp. 61-66.
11. Paronyan K. M. “The right to be forgotten” as an element of modern conservative-modernist political and legal strategy // Law and practice. – 2022. – No. 3. – pp. 43-48.
12. Paronyan K. M., Apolsky E. A. Censorship and lawful restriction of freedom of information in Russia (doctrinal and normative legal grounds) // Bulletin of the Faculty of Law of the Southern Federal University. – 2022. – T. 9. No. 3. – pp. 43-50.
13. Robots claim their rights: Paradigmatic socio-economic and political-legal changes in the age of digitalization and long-term viral epidemics. Collective monograph / E. A. Apolsky, V. V. Bereza, A. M. Berman [etc.]. – Vladivostok: Vladivostok State University of Economics and Service, 2020. – 216 pp.

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW
ELSUKOV Artem Vladimirovich
postgraduate student of Theory of law and state sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
A NEW GENERATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE ERA OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE DEVELOPMENT
In recent years, there has been a rapid development in the field of artificial intelligence. In this regard, the purpose of the article is to assess the possibility of allocating “digital rights” into a unique legal structure – a new generation of human rights. The methodology of the research conducted is based on general scientific methods (dialectics, analysis, synthesis). The author of the article concludes that digital human rights, even in the context of the active introduction of artificial intelligence systems into social relationships, do not have a legal nature different from the rights of three already known generations. In different variations, they can and should relate to already existing generations of rights. At the same time, this circumstance does not negate the need to legalize them as independent human rights. The practical significance of the study lies in the applicability of the conconclusions obtained by the author for further theoretical and legal research in the field of artificial intelligence.
Keywords: digital rights, human rights, theory of law, generation of human rights, information society, artificial intelligence, Internet.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Begishev I. R., Khisamova Z. I. Criminological risks of using artificial intelligence // All-Russian Criminological Journal. – 2018. – T. 12. No. 6. – P. 767-775. DOI: 10.17150/2500-4255.2018.12(6).
2. Varlamova N.V. Digital rights – a new generation of human rights? // Proceedings of the Institute of State and Law of the RAS. – 2019. – T. 14. No. 4. – P. 9-46. DOI: 10.35427/2073-4522-2019-14-4-varlamova.
3. Glushkova S.I., Letunov E.D. Development of a new generation of human rights in the era of digital technologies // Bulletin of the Humanitarian University. – 2020. – No. 4. – P. 16-28.
4. Kartashkin V. A. Digital human rights: international legal and social dimensions // Bulletin of RUDN University. Series: Sociology. – 2022. – No. 4. – P. 949-962. DOI: 10.22363/2313-2272-2022-22-4-949-962.
5. Muellerson R. A. Human rights: ideas, norms, reality. – M., 1991. – 160 p.
6. Stepanyan A. Zh., Zaplatina T. S. Legal regulation of robots and artificial intelligence in Latin American countries, the problem of human rights and AI // Lex russica. – 2020. – T. 73. No. 7. – P. 127-136. DOI: 10.17803/1729-5920.2020.164.7.127-136.
7. Talapina E. V. Algorithms and artificial intelligence through the prism of human rights // Journal of Russian Law. – 2020. – No. 10. – P. 25-39. DOI: 10.12737/jrl.2020.118.
8. Talapina E. V. The evolution of human rights in the digital era // Proceedings of the Institute of State and Law of the RAS. – 2019. – T. 14. No. 3. – P. 122-146. DOI: 10.35427/2073-4522-2019-14-3-talapina.
9. Khabrieva T. Ya. Identification of law in modern social regulation // Questions of philosophy. – 2021. – No. 12. – P. 5-17.
10. Chereshneva I. A. Artificial intelligence in public administration and transparency: European experience // Public Service. – 2022. – No. 2. – P. 80-87.
11. Shchitova A. A. Legal regulation of information relations on the use of artificial intelligence systems: dis. …cand. legal Sci. – M., 2022. – 225 p.
12. Yastrebov O. A. Legal personality of an electronic person: theoretical and methodological approaches // Proceedings of the Institute of State and Law of the RAS. – 2018. – Vol. 13. No. 2. – P. 36-55.
13. Bontridder N., & Poullet Y. The role of artificial intelligence in disinformation. Data & Policy. – 2021. – 3, E32. DOI: 10.1017/dap.2021.20.
14. Coccoli J. The Challenges of New Technologies in the Implementation of Human Rights: an Analysis of Some Critical Issues in the Digital Era, Peace Human Rights Governance. – 2017. – No. 1 (2). – Рp. 223-250.
15. Poullet Y. (ed.). Vie privée, liberté d’expression et démocratie dans la société numérique. – Bruxelles: Larcier, 2020. – 258 p.
16. Gill A. Artificial Intelligence and International Security: The Long View // Ethics & International Affairs. – 2019. – No. 33 (2). – Рp. 169-179. DOI: 10.1017/S0892679419000145.
17. Pablo J. Olmo Rodríguez (2021). Artificial Intelligence Law: Applications, risks and opportunities // Revista Juridica Universidad De Puerto Rico. – 90 Rev. Jur. U.P.R. – Рp. 701-720.
18. Vasak K. Human Rights: A Thirty-Year Struggle: The Sustained Efforts to Give Force of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights // UNESCO Courier. – 1977. – No. 11. – P. 29, 32.

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW
LYSENKO Nelly Alexeevna
master of law, senior lecturer of Linguistics and foreign languages sub-faculty of the Russian State University of Justice
MOLCHANOVA Svetlana Evgenjevna
Ph.D. in philological sciences, associate professor of Linguistics and foreign languages sub-faculty of the Russian State University of Justice
ON THE ISSUE OF THE “FAILURE” OF THE LEGAL EXPERIMENT: THE MAIN PROBLEMS
The article touches on the main problems associated with conducting legal experiments in modern Russia. The first is the absence of general normative regulation of relations associated with the legal experiment. The second is the lack of involvement of the scientific community in conducting legal experiments, both at the stage of their development (preparation) and at the stage of evaluating the results of the experiment. The possibility of a negative impact of these problems on experimental activities is substantiated. In conclusion, possible ways to overcome these problems are proposed in general terms.
Keywords: legal experiment; state control; legal science; methodology of legal science; experimental legal regime.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Davydova M. L. Legal experiment and experimental legal regime in the mechanism of legal formation: problems of correlation // Law and politics: history and modernity. – Materials of the Ninth International Scientific and Practical Conference. / Prev. Editorial Board S.K. Buryakov. – Omsk, 2022.
2. Danelyan T. Ya. Formal methods of expert assessments // Statistics and Economics. – 2015. – No. 1.
3. Eltsov V. N. Legal experiment in modern Russia: problems of efficiency: dis. …cand. legal Sci. – Tambov, 2009.
4. Zyablova T. E., Parfenova D. V. On the content of the concept of “legal experiment”. // Original research – 2020. – Volume 10. – No. 11.
5. Kochetkov A.V., Eltsov V.N. Problems and ways to increase the effectiveness of legal experiment // Legal policy and legal life. – 2009. – No. 3.
6. Lipuntsova A. V. Theoretical and practical aspects of a legal experiment (using the example of an experiment of a new procedure for pre-trial appeal of decisions of a control (supervisory) body) // Current problems of state and law. – 2020. – No. 16.
7. Motin S.V. Use of the experimental method in the social and legal sphere (historical and theoretical aspects): dis. …cand. legal Sci. – M., 1999.
8. Savitsky V. A., Sorokin M. Yu. Legal experiment and development of law // Law. Journal of the Higher School of Economics. – 2016. – No. 4.
9. Fatyanov I.V. Law-making experiment in Russia as a method of legal regulation: dis. …cand. legal Sci. – Omsk, 2015.
10. Chagin I. B. On the issue of expert assessment of the effectiveness of a legal experiment // Legal technology. – 2022. – No. 16.
11. Chagin I. B. Law-making experiment and assessment of its effectiveness (theoretical and legal research): dis. …cand. legal Sci. – Irkutsk, 2022.

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW
SALNIKOV Viktor Petrovich
Ph.D. in Law, professor of the St. Petersburg Military Order of Zhukov Institute of National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Honorary Worker of Higher Professional Education of the Russian Federation
CHAYKA Viktoriya Nikolaevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Economics and law sub-faculty of the St. Petersburg State Fire Service University of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia
PROKOFJEV Konstantin Georgievich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of the branch of Moscow University of Finance and Law in Orsk
VALUE ASPECTS OF SECURITY IN A SITUATION OF SYSTEMIC CRISIS OF OUR TIME
The article examines the phenomena of systemic crises of our time in the prism of conceptual and legal models of ensuring the security of the state, society, and the individual. The authors show that the continuity of historical and cultural values is a factor in the stable development of society and ensuring its sustainability.
Keywords: modernity, risk society, legal consciousness, legal culture, transformation, tradition, security, crisis.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Federal Law of December 28, 2010 No. 390-FZ “On Security” // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. – 2011. – No. 1. – Art. 2.
2. Anishchenko E. V. Security of Russia in the conditions of socio-economic reforms // Financial analytics (scientific, practical and information-analytical collection). – 2014. – No. 14 (200). – pp. 51-62.
3. Bulatov R. B. Constitutional amendments of 2020 in the context of the formation of the Russian state-legal ideology // Legal science: history and modernity. – 2023. – No. 12. – P. 32-37.
4. Vasiliev A. I., Salnikov V. P., Stepashin S. V. National security of Russia: constitutional support: Scientific publication – St. Petersburg: University Foundation, 1999. – 192 p. – (Series: “Security of individuals and society”).
5. Vereshchagina A.V. Social security in the risky conditions of modern society: current problems. – Germany: Palmarium Academic Publishing, 2013.
6. Vinogradova E. V., Salnikov V. P., Zakhartsev S. I. Justice for justice M. I. Cleandrov. Justice and fairness // State and law. – 2022. – No. 8. – pp. 190-194.
7. Vinogradova E.V., Zakhartsev S.I., Salnikov V.P. Fair justice M.I. Cleandrov. Justice and fairness. 2nd ed., revised. and additional // State and law. – 2023. – No. 7.- P. 194-199.
8. Galiev F. Kh. Legal culture: social and philosophical problems // World of politics and sociology. – 2016. – No. 7. – P. 182-190.
9. Guenon R. The crisis of the modern world. – M.: EKSMO, 2008. – 784 p.
10. Good, trust, rightduration in philosophical and legal thought: antiquity and modernity: Monograph / Ed. ed. V. P. Salnikova; Ananskikh I. A., Vinogradova E. V., Gribov I. N., Gutman M. Yu., Zakhartsev S. I., Zorina N. V., Ignatieva S. V., Ismagilov I. R., Ismagilov R. F., Kiiko A. Yu., Krizhanovskaya G. N., Lezhneva O. Yu., Lysenkov S. G., Maksimov A. A., Maslennikov D. V., Morozov A. I., Novozhilov S. A. ., Petrov P. A., Prokofiev K. G., Salnikov V. P., Salnikov M. V., Salnikov S. P., Starovoitova O. E., Utyuganov A. A., Khabibulin A. G. – SPb.: St. Petersburg Military Institute of the Order of Zhukov of the National Guard of the Russian Federation.
11. Zhuk A. S., Salnikov V. P. Value consensus of society as the basis of a sovereign legal ideology // Legal science: history and modernity. – 2023. – No. 2. – P. 163-170.
12. Zakhartsev S.I., Salnikov V.P. Reflections on the foundations of Russian sovereign philosophical and legal ideology // Legal science: history and modernity. – 2020. – No. 2. – P. 183-194.
13. Zakhartsev S.I., Maslennikov D.V., Salnikov V.P. Logos of law: Parmenides – Hegel – Dostoevsky. On the question of the speculative-logical foundations of the metaphysics of law. – 2nd ed., rev. and additional – M.: Norma: INFRA-M, 2024. – 376 p. DOI 10.12737/2134199.
14. Zakhartsev S.I., Klimenko O.A., Mirzoev A.K., Salnikov M.V., Tretyakov I.L. Sovereignty of the Russian Federation: modern threats and ensuring military security // World of Politics and Sociology. – 2017. – No. 1. – P. 120-139.
15. Zakhartsev S.I., Klimenko O.A., Mirzoev A.K., Salnikov M.V., Tretyakov I.L. Sovereignty of the Russian Federation: modern threats and ensuring national security // Legal science: history and modernity. – 2016. – No. 12. – P. 69-94.
16. The idea of freedom. Right. Morality (classical and postclassical philosophy of law): Monograph / Ed. doc. legal Sciences S. I. Zakhartseva; I. A. Ananskikh, I. N. Gribov, S. I. Zakhartsev, N. V. Zorina, I. R. Ismagilov, O. A. Klimenko, O. Yu. Lezhneva, S. F. Mazurin, B. V Makov, D. V. Maslennikov, A. K. Mirzoev, P. A. Petrov, E. A. Polivko, K. G. Prokofiev, O. V. Pyleva, V. P. Salnikov, M. V. Salnikov , F. O. Chudin-Kurgan. – M.: Yurlitinform, 2020. – 288 p.
17. Ismagilov R. F., Salnikov V. P. Intuition, law, justice (epistemological analysis) // Legal field of modern economics. – 2016. – No. 8. – P. 94-103.
18. Ismagilov R.F. Salnikov V.P. Law and justice: the relevance of the theoretical and legal concept // Legal science: history and modernity. – 2016. – No. 8. – P. 168-172.
19. Ismagilov R. F., Salnikov V. P. Law and justice: historical traditions and modern models (Historical and legal analysis of theoretical studies of topical issues of the relationship between the idea of law and the idea of justice in the 20th-21st centuries): Monograph. – St. Petersburg: University Foundation, 2017. – 324 p. (Series: “Science and Society”).
20. Ismagilov R. F., Salnikov V. P. Justice and truth as an idea in Russian philosophy of law // Legal field of modern economics. – 2016. – No. 7. – P. 102-115.
21. Karavaeva I. V. Systemic crisis 2022: theoretical aspect // Federalism. – 2022. – T. 27. No. 2 (106). – pp. 46-61.
22. Cleandrov M.I. Justice and justice. 2nd ed., revised. and additional – M.: NORM, 2023. – 424 p.
23. Korolkov A. A. Norm as an anthropological problem // Spiritual anthropology. – St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg State University, 2005. – 324 pp.
24. Krizhanovskaya G. N., Zubarev N. V. Legal principles of the activities of the National Guard troops to protect public order and ensure public safety // Legal science: history and modernity. – 2023. – No. 6. – P. 73-83.
25. Litvinov N. D., Rodionov D. A., Salnikov M. V. The neo-Nazi state of Ukraine is a source of sabotage and terrorist threats to the national security of Russia: criminological and counterintelligence aspects // Legal science: history and modernity. – 2023. – No. 2. – P. 95-131.
26. Mazurin S. F. On the issue of national security of modern Russia // Legal science: history and modernity. – 2023. – No. 2. – P. 140-146.
27. Marx K. Towards a critique of political economy. Preface // Marx K., Engels F., Collection. op. in 30 vols. T. 13. – M.: Publishing house of political literature, 1955-1974.
28. Mursalimov K. R. Ensuring national security is a constitutional direction of the law-forming activity of the state // Legal science: history and modernity. – 2019. – No. 3. – P. 75-80.
29. Pain E. A. Social nature of extremism and terrorism // Social sciences and modernity. – 2002. – No. 4. – P. 115-117.
30. Security paradoxes: the “fifth column” and the Putin Doctrine (interview with A. Dugin about the new National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation) // Tomorrow. – 2021. – No. 29. – P. 3.
31. Political and legal management and threats to state sovereignty: Monograph / Under the general. ed. V. P. Salnikova; I. A. Ananskikh, A. A. Vikhrov, M. Yu. Gutman, S. I. Zakhartsev, N. V. Zorina, S. V. Ignatieva, R. F. Ismagilov, A. Yu. Kiyko, O. A. Klimenko, G. N. Krizhanovskaya, S. G. Lysenkov, D. V. Maslennikov, A. K. Mirzoev, S. A. Novozhilov, P. A. Petrov. K. G. Prokofiev, V. P. Salnikov, M. V. Salnikov, S. P. Salnikov, O. E. Starovoitova, I. L. Tretyakov, A. A. Utyuganov, A. G. Khabibulin, D. V. Shkrum. – St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Military Institute of the Order of Zhukov of the National Guard of the Russian Federation.
32. Romanovskaya V. B., Salnikov M. V., Silantyeva V. A. Spiritual security in modern Russian society: threats and ways to overcome them // Rule of law: theory and practice. – 2019. – No. 1. – P. 52-60.
33. Salnikov V.P. Legal culture as a factor in the stabilization of modern Russian society // Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod University named after. N.I. Lobachevsky. Series: Law. – 2001. – No. 1. – P. 187-189.
34. Salnikov V.P. Legal culture. Ch. XX // General theory of state and law. Academic course in three volumes / Rep. ed. M. N Marchenko. 4th ed., revised. and additional Volume 3: State, law, society. – M.: INFRA-M, 2013. – P. 503-530. – in the book. 720 pp.
35. Salnikov V.P., Stremoukhov A.V. The legal culture of society and the individual is the most important means of protecting human rights // Bulletin of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2000. – No. 4 (8). – pp. 19-22.
36. Salnikov V.P., Maslennikov D.V., Zakhartsev S.I., Morozov A.I. The value basis of sovereignty (on the issue of sovereign state-legal ideology) // Legal science: history and modernity. – 2019. – No. 11. – P. 149-162.
37. Salnikov V.P., Romanovskaya V.B., Salnikov M.V., Romanovskaya L.R. Religious and other spiritual traditions as protection against the threat of degradation of society // Legal science: history and modernity. – 2015. – No. 7. – P. 173-179.
38. Salnikov V.P., Maslennikov D.V., Zakhartsev S.I., Prokofiev K.G., Morozov A.I. The principle of sovereignty of state-legal ideology and philosophy of law // World of Politics and Sociology. – 2019. – No. 9. – P. 170-178.
39. Salnikov M.V. Domestic political and legal tradition: geopolitical, economic and socio-cultural determinants // Bulletin of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2004. – No. 3 (23). – pp. 20-22.
40. Salnikov M.V. Domestic political and legal tradition: factors that determine originality // Legal field of modern economics. – 2013. – No. 10. – P. 27-44.
41. Salnikov M.V. Political and legal tradition of Russia: genesis and evolution: Monograph. – St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2004. – 203 pp.
42. Salnikov M.V. Evolution of the domestic political and legal tradition: some problems of the relationship between static and dynamic principles // Legal field of modern economics. – 2013. – No. 9. – P. 62-81.
43. Salnikov S.P., Prokofiev K.G., Silantyeva V.A., Klimenko O.A., Silantyeva N.V. Sovereignty of the Russian Federation: modern threats and ensuring spiritual security // World of Politics and Sociology. – 2018. – No. 1. – P. 139-150.
44. Stepashin S.V. Security of man and society (political and legal issues): Monograph. – St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Legal Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 1994. – 240 pp.
45. Timofeeva I. Yu. On the influence of personal cognitive dissonance on the national security paradigm: modern understanding of the problem // Legal science: history and modernity. – 2021. – No. 11. – P. 107-120.
46. Financial sovereignty and financial security of Russia: threats and risks: Monograph / Khabibulin A. G., A. V. Anishchenko, V. N. Anishchenko, E. V. Anishchenko, A. N. Vyborny; under general ed. A. G. Khabibulina. – 2nd ed., expanded. and additional – M.: Moscow State University named after. M. V. Lomonosov. Higher School of Public Audit, 2023. – 480 pp.
47. Khabibulin A. G., Selivanov A. I. Strategic security of the Russian state: political and legal research. – M.: Formula of Law, 2008. – 272 p.
48. Huntington S. Clash of Civilizations. – M.: AST, 2003. – 603, [5] p.
49. Chaika V.N., Abdulmuslimov I.S. On the issue of the main types of security // Current problems of interaction between the state and civil society: philosophical, legal and socio-political aspects: Materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference. – St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2021. – pp. 94-98.
50. Chumak I.V. Social security as an indicator of the national security of modern Russia: Author’s abstract. dis. …candidate of political sciences. 23.00.02 – Political institutions, processes and technologies. – Pyatigorsk, 2013
51. Schmalhausen. I. I. Factors of evolution. The theory of stabilizing selection. – M.: Nauka, 1968. – 450 pp.
52. Ekimov A.I. Axiom of the relationship between justice and law // World of politics and sociology. – 2015. – No. 1. – P. 13-23.
53. Billaudot V. Malaise dans la modernité. Éditions des maisons des sciences de l’homme associées. Éditions des maisons des sciences de l’homme associées. Nanterre, Saclay, Saint-Denis, 2021
54. Freedman L. The Concept of Security. Encyclopaedia of Government and Politics vol2 (London: Routledge, 1992)
55. Higgott R. States, Civilizations and the Reset of World Order. – London: Routledge, 2022
56. WaltzKenneth N. Theory of International Politics. University of California. 1979.
57. Zedner L.The concept of security: an agenda for comparative analysis // Legal Studies. – Volume 23. – Issue 1. – March 2003. – P. 153-176.

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW
FURMAN Tatyana Gennadjevna
Ph.D. in cultural studies, associate professor, associate professor of Administrative law sub-faculty of the North-Western Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation
MODERN RUSSIAN NATIONAL IDEA AND RELATED LEGAL PROBLEMS
In the article, the author examined the features and the very essence of the national idea of the Russian Federation; proved that the events currently taking place in the world have a direct impact not only on the development of society and the state, but also have a direct impact on civic consciousness; analyzed the influence of the political agenda on modern self-awareness and the national idea.
At the same time, in the course of the work, research methods were used that are characteristic of such scientific disciplines as psychology, logic, epistemology, social and legal psychology, psychoanalysis, various areas of philosophical science, history and applied socio-historical disciplines .
As a result, the results of a comprehensive scientific-theoretical and scientific-practical study of such a complex phenomenon of thinking as the national idea in modern society were presented.
Keywords: modernity, self-identity, national idea, political agenda, Russian world, law, authority of the national idea from the point of view of various strata and national legal ideologies, confrontation, contradictions , West, Russian Federation.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Althusser L. Ideology and ideological apparatuses of the state // Untouched reserve. – 2011. – No. 3. – P. 67-125.
2. Voznesensky L. A. Social justice as a national idea // Free Thought. – 2008. – No. 4. – P. 5-18.
3. Gadzhiev Kh. A. Dialogue between government and society in the digital era // Science. Culture. Society. – 2022. – No. 2. – P. 90.
4. Dementyev D.V. The Mystery of the Russian Spirit. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.russdom.ru/oldsayte/2004/200412i/20041220.html.
5. Zelenin Yu. A. Basic components of the ideology of classical populism in Russia // News of the Altai State University. – 2007. – No. 1. – P. 234-239.
6. Kovalenko L. G. Political modernization in the context of social justice // News of the Altai State University. – 2011. – No. 4-1 (72). – pp. 246-249.
7. Kozlov M.I. Social justice in the context of the Russian tradition. – Arkhangelsk, 2010. – 201 p.
8. Malyugin S.V. The idea of law in Russian historiography of the history of political and legal doctrines // Electronic supplement to the Russian Legal Journal. – 2020. – pp. 71-82.
9. Nikolaev O. E., Nikolaeva N. V. Formation of the national idea in modern Russia: philosophical and historical aspect // Criminological Journal. – 2021. – No. 2. – P. 139-142.
10. Orlov I. B. The national idea of Russia as a mechanism of spiritual mobilization and civilizational identity // World and Politics. – 2010. – No. 7 (46). – pp. 79-85.
11. Panarin A. S. Russia in the cycles of world history. – M., 1999. – 281 p.
12. Tkachenko S.V. Ideology of modernization of post-Soviet Russia // Security Issues. – 2014. – No. 3. – P. 1-92.
13. Yak B. Nationalism and moral philosophy of community. – M., 2017. – 426 p.

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW
FURMAN Felix Pavlovich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, professor of Social sciences of the North-Western Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation
CAN BRICS REPLACE THE UN? POLITICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS
In the article, the author analyzes the confrontation between the two largest world blocs: the UN, which acts as the hegemon in maintaining peace and security on the planet; and BRICS, the goal of which is to create a platform for mutually beneficial partnership, ensuring financial and social stability in each country, the current situation of BRICS, which, in addition to economics, has begun to influence world politics, is analyzed.
Further development prospects are shown, according to which BRICS will be able to replace the UN; the current place of BRICS among world playershas been determined; prospects for further development of the association were considered including legal ones.
Keywords: cooperation, organizations, international associations, UN, BRICS, West, Europe, America, confrontation, development prospects, economic confrontation, political heavyweights, legal problems of cooperation and association, competition in the political and legal sphere.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. BRICS. BRICS countries – Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.ereport.ru/articles/ecunions/brics.htm.
2. Grigorieva M. S. Russia in BRICS: main trends and prospects for cooperation // StudNet. – 2020. – No. 14 (159). – pp. 254-258.
3. Denisova D. E. BRICS: yesterday, today, tomorrow // Humanitarian and political-legal studies. – 2022. – No. 15. – P. 202-209.
4. Kochetkov N. D. Problems and contradictions in BRICS. Why the organization is beneficial for Russia // Scientific notes of young researchers. – 2019. – No. 11 (125). – pp. 299-312.
5. Muratshina K. G. “BRICS-plus” format: origins, features of institutionalization, regional specifics // Ars Administrandi. – 2019. – No. 18 (258). – pp. 169-175.
6. Russia intends to turn BRICS into a full-fledged mechanism for interaction between countries. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://brics2015.ru/news/20150630/222616.html.
7. Samsonova S. S. The strengthening position of the BRICS countries on the African continent. – M.: RUDN, 2013. – 68 p.
8. Semigina P. Russian national breakthrough – course for country No. 1. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http: //www.patriotrus.ru/politsovet.mneniya/patriotyrossiipredstaviliplansemigina.html. by subscription. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://biblioclub.ru/index.php?page=book&id=615686.
9. BRICS Economic Partnership Strategy until 2025. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: ttps://www.economy.gov.ru/material/directions/vneshneekonomicheskaya_deyatelnost/mnogostoronnee_ekonomicheskoe_sotrudnichestvo/briks/materials.html.
10. Sun Yu. Interaction of the BRICS countries: achievements and problems // Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University. Series: History and political sciences. – 2023. – No. 14 (256). – pp. 277-282.
11. Tskhadadze N.V., Chernorizova N.V. BRICS countries and their influence on regional and global financial markets // Innovations and investments. – 2018. – No. 4 (159). – pp. 364-378.
12. Chernov M. A. SCO and BRICS: features of China’s participation // Young scientist. – 2022. – No. 47 (442). – pp. 376-379.
13. Yurtaev V.I., Rogov A.S. SCO and BRICS: features of participation in the process of Eurasian integration // Bulletin of the Russian Peoples’ Friendship University. Series: International relations. – 2022. – No. 15 (236). – pp. 208-212.
14. Yarygina I.Z., Borovikova O.A. BRICS + as a factor of economic growth and investment development // Economics. Taxes. Right. – 2019. – No. 19 (147). – pp. 258-264.

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW
SALTYKOV Konstantin Gennadjevich
doctoral student of the Faculty of Training of Scientific and Scientific-Pedagogical Personnel of the Academy of Management of the MIA of Russia
TRENDS IN VARIABILITY OF MEANS OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL COMMUNICATION
The spread of a foreign element in various legal relations is a circumstance of legal significance that requires scientific reflection in the field of law and linguistics. At the same time, attention is drawn to objections to the use of some international languages on the part of most countries. At the same time, the use of English seems to be the most convenient for subjects of international legal communication. The preconditions for an ambiguous attitude, for example, towards the French language as a means of diplomatic communication, are that its use is subject to gradual restriction or exclusion. This is due to the fact that even with the help of one language it can be difficult to reflect all the shades of meaning of legal concepts and the terms denoting them. The Russian Federation’s objections to the use of French in certain cases of international legal communication comply both with the requirements of legal technology for the clarity and certainty of legal language, and with modern trends in the development of means of international legal communication, which are associated with a decrease in the variability of their use.
Keywords: variability, international language; international convention; means of international communication; legal term; legal technology.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. On the accession of the Russian Federation to the Convention on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law, Recognition, Enforcement and Cooperation in Respect of Parental Responsibility and Child Protection Measures: Federal forCon of June 5, 2012 No. 62-FZ // Russian newspaper. 2012. June 8. No. 130.
2. Conclusion of the Committee on Family, Women and Children dated May 17, 2012 No. 3.6-12/11 “On the draft Federal Law No. 38463-6 “On the accession of the Russian Federation to the Convention on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition, enforcement and cooperation in relation to parental responsibility and measures to protect children” // SPS “ConsultantPlus” (Date of access: 12/21/2023).
3. Resolution of the European Court of Human Rights dated December 17, 2019 “Maltsev and Others against the Russian Federation” (complaint No. 77335/14) // Russian Chronicle of the European Court. 2020. No. 3. – SPS “ConsultantPlus” (Date of access: 04/10/2023).
4. Vitashov D.S. On foreign approaches and terminology in the field of counter-terrorism activities // International public and private law. – 2010. – No. 2. – P. 39-41.
5. Gorban D.V. Problems of the execution (serving) regime of criminal penalties and ways to solve them: new theoretical approaches // Current problems of Russian law. – 2017. – No. 8. – P. 142-150.
6. Marusenko M. A., Shabalina A. V. The French language is the international language of diplomacy: on the relationship between historical reality and dynastic order // Bulletin of Moscow University. – 2009. – No. 2. – Ser. 22. Translation theory. – pp. 95-109.
7. Rarog A.I. Purposes of punishment in the science of criminal law // Current problems of Russian law. – 2021. – No. 2. – P. 125-139.
8. Siryakov A. N. Spanish legislation on the correction of convicts // Russian legal journal. – 2020. – No. 4. – P. 28-35.
9. Shchepetkova A. N. The procedure for the implementation by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia of the functions of the central body of the 1980 Convention // Family and housing law. – 2014. – No. 2. – P. 12-18.
10. Decaux A. L’avenir de la langue française. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.institut-de-france.fr/rubrique-Discours_2001-LANGUE_FRANCAISE.html (Date of access: 03/11/2024).
11. Rambaud A. Histoire de la civilization française. – Paris. – 1887-1901. – T. II. – Depuis la Fronde jusqu’à la Révolution, suivi d’un aperçu de la civilization contemporaine. – 2nd ed. – 1887. – P. 581.

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW
TOLDIEV Khas-Magomed Bashirovich
postgraduate student of Theory of state and law sub-faculty of the O. E. Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSLA), Lawyer at the law firm Lemchik, Krupsky and Partners LLC
INFLUENCE OF JUDICIAL PRACTICE ON THE UNIFICATION OF LEGISLATION
The article investigates the issue of the influence of judicial practice on the unification of legislation. Attention is paid to the general aspects of unification of law, the essence of judicial practice is briefly characterized, the author’s position on the degree of influence of judicial practice on the unification of legislation is given. According to the results of the study, the author concludes that at present judicial practice is able to have a significant impact on the unification of legislation, which will significantly improve the effectiveness of existing norms of law and give them a modern and popular character. At the same time, the author emphasizes the existing problem, the solution of which is seen in the initial determination of the place of judicial practice itself in the list of sources of law, the definition of judicial practice as a basis for making changes to the current legislation.
Keywords: judicial practice, unification of legislation, source of law, norm of law, normative act.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Alekseev S.S. Law and legal system // News of higher educational institutions. Jurisprudence. – 1980. – No. 1. – P. 27-34.
2. Volkov R. N. The concept of unification of civil legislation // Law and state: theory and practice. – 2011. – No. 1 (73). – pp. 25-28.
3. Golubeva L. A., Chernokov A. E. Judicial practice as a source and form of law // Journal of Legal and Economic Research. – 2022. – No. 3. – P. 51-55.
4. Kutafin D. O. Unification and harmonization of the rules of law on pledge in private international law: abstract. dis. … Ph.D. – M., 2007. – 28 p.
5. Fomina L. Yu. Unification of normative legal terminology: abstract. dis. … Ph.D. – Nizhny Novgorod, 2006. – 26 p.
6. Gribkova K. V. Judicial practice as a source of law in Russia // Asia-Pacific region: economics, politics, law. – 2023. – T. 25. No. 3. – P. 127-132.
7. Bredikhin A. L. Judicial practice as a source of Russian law // Theory and practice of socio-humanitarian sciences. – 2023. – No. 1 (21). – pp. 102-106.

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
GNETOVA Lyudmila Valentinovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of General history, classical disciplines and law sub-faculty of the K. Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University, associate professor of Economics and law sub-faculty of the Pavlovsky branch of the N. I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research University
GULYAEVA Tatyana Borisovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil and international law sub-faculty of the Nizhny Novgorod Institute of Management (branch) of the Russian Academy of National Economics and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation
NOSKOVA Kseniya Sergeevna
student of the K. Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University
THE LEGAL REGULATION OF MARRIAGE UNDER FINNISH LAW IN THE XVIII CENTURY
The article examines the peculiarities of the regulation of marriage in the XVIII century in Finland. The authors analyze the issues of marriage in the time period under study. Special attention is paid to the procedure of betrothal of future spouses, the basic conditions necessary for conducting this ceremony in the church according to the Code of 1734 are investigated, the reasons for recognizing the engagement as invalid and the grounds for its termination are clarified. In conclusion, the results of the research topic are summarized.
Keywords: marriage, wedding, betrothal, collusion, lawful wife, children, matrimony.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Knipovich F. M. About marriage and personal and property relations of spouses under Finnish law VIII-XII // Journal of the Ministry of Justice. – St. Petersburg, 1912. – No. 8.
2. Essay by Professor R. A. Wrede of the University of Helsinki, 1903
3. The evolution of marriage relations with the adoption of Christianity, the Princely family in the early medieval states of Central Europe in the period of the 9th-12th centuries. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://studentopedia.ru/istoriya/evolyuciya-brachnih-otnoshenij-s-prinyatiem-hristianstva—knyazheskaya-semya-v-rannesrednevekovih.html?ysclid=lsf11avl6h595205058 (Date of access: 03/10/2024 ).

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
KLIMOV Andrey Yurjevich
Ph.D. in historical sciences, associate professor, chief researcher of the Research Center of the Academy of Management of the MIA of Russia, Moscow
SALNIKOV Alexander Sergeevich
Ph.D. in Law, leading researcher of the Research Center of the Academy of Management of the MIA of Russia, Moscow
THE ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITY OF THE REGULAR MOSCOW POLICE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XVIII CENTURY
The article examines the historical and legal aspects of the development of the regular police in Moscow under Catherine II and Paul I. The process of transforming its organizational forms is considered. The issues of the relationship between unity of command and collegiality in the management of the Moscow police in the second half of the 18th century, its subordination, on the one hand, as a centralized all-Russian authority and on the other hand, were studied . The aspects of attracting the urban population to perform police duties are considered. The main directions of activity of the Moscow police and methods of work have been determined.
Keywords: Moscow, regular police, public order protection, crime control, police chief’s office, chief police officer, police team.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire. – Meeting 1.
2. Ruban V. G. Description of the imperial capital city of Moscow. – Saint Petersburg. Type. H. F. Klehen, 1782.
3. Gastev M. S. Materials for complete and comparative statistics of Moscow. – Part 1. – St. Petersburg: University Printing House, 1841.
4. Central State Archives of Moscow (hereinafter referred to as the Central State Archive of Moscow) – F. 105. Moscow Deanery Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Moscow.
5. Collection of Legislation on the police department from the time of publication of the Charter of the Deanery until 1817. – Saint Petersburg. Senatorial Printing House, 1817.
6. Central State Administration of Moscow. – F. 16. Moscow Governor-General, Moscow; Office of the Commander-in-Chief in Moscow and the Moscow province; Office of the Moscow military governor, commander of the civil affairs in Moscow and the Moscow province; Office of the Moscow Military Governor-General, Moscow; Office of the Moscow Military Governor-General, Moscow; Office of the Moscow Governor General, Moscow.

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
KUZNETSOVA Elena Vyacheslavovna
Ph.D. in historical sciences, lecturer of Law sub-faculty of the Astrakhan State Technical University
CREATION AND MAIN ACTIVITIES OF THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF THE RSFSR
The article examines the processes of creation and the main activities of the Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. During the period when perestroika faced serious difficulties. The situation in the country and the republic could not be characterized otherwise than as a slide towards disaster. The confrontation of political forces escalated in society, it acquired an antagonistic character. People were losing faith in the ability of the authorities to restore order, to establish work to resolve pressing life problems. The CPSU, excluded from making fundamental decisions and ruling functions, subject to indiscriminate defamation and harassment, turned out to be largely paralyzed. Opportunism, unscrupulousness in ideological struggle, and timidity in defending political and moral positions were manifested in the party ranks.
Keywords: CPSU, Communist Parties of the RSFSR, All-Union Congress, Councils of People’s Deputies, peacemaking and charitable activities, collective farm, state farm, spiritual and moral character, de-collectivization, opposition, solidarity, authoritarianism, party committee, political groups.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Toward humane, democratic socialism (Programmatic statement of the XXVIII Congress of the CPSU) // “Toward humane, democratic socialism.” Policy statement of the XXVIII Congress of the CPSU. – M., 1990.
2. Kodan S. V. “The Communist Party in the legislative practices of the Soviet state in the 1917-1980s (historical and theoretical context)” // New perspective. –2021. – No. 3.
3. Usmanov R. Kh. Political parties and political processes in Russia in the nineties of the XX century: Russian Federation-Southern Federal District-Astrakhan Region: dis. … Doctor of Political Sciences / Volgogr. acad. state services. – Volgograd, 2002. – 433 p.

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
LYOZOV Igor Leonidovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Theory and history of state and law sub-faculty of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation
IMPLEMENTATION OF LIBERAL DEMOCRATIC VIEWS ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS IN RUSSIA IN FEBRUARY-SEPTEMBER 1917
The article analyzes the process of changing Russian legislation in the field of human rights and freedoms at the first stage of the 1917 revolution. This stage is characterized by the coming to power of supporters of the liberal ideology, who considered human rights as the highest social value. The position of the Provisional Government on freedom of religion, freedom of assembly, and the inadmissibility of restrictions on rights based on the national principle remains relevant today.
Keywords: human rights, the Provisional Government, the February Revolution.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Bernshtam M. S. Sides in the Civil War of 1917-1922. – M., 1992.
2. Russian legislation of the X-XX centuries. Under general ed. O. I. Chistyakova. T. 9. – M., 1994.

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
RYZHOVA Yuliya Valerjevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, Doctoral Student of the Faculty of Training of Scientific and Scientific-pedagogical Personnel of the Academy of Management of the MIA of Russia
THE ROLE OF GENDARMERIE DEPARTMENTS IN ENSURING STATE SECURITY IN THE GRAND DUCHY OF FINLAND AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY
The article pays attention to the consideration of the organizational foundations of management in the Principality of Finland at the beginning of the 20th century. Attention is focused on the fact that in Finland the policy of the tsarist government was aimed at unifying the legislation of the Principality of Finland and bringing it to uniform all-Russian norms. Attention is drawn to the areas of activity of the Finnish Gendarmerie Directorate and its interaction with the Gendarmerie Railway Directorate in the historical period under review.
Keywords: Grand Duchy of Finland, Police Department, Separate Corps of Gendarmes, Finnish Gendarmerie Directorate, Railway Gendarme Police Department, Russian Empire, revolutionary organizations, revolutionary terror.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Amosova A. S. Provincial gendarmerie departments in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://ceberleninka.ru/article/n/gubernskie-zhandarmskie-upravleniya (date of access: 01/26/2024).
2. GARF. F. 494. Op. 2. D. 14. L. 2 vol.
3. GARF. F. 494. Op. 2. D. 1. L. 3-4).
4.GARF. F. 102. Special department. D. 152. L. 152.
5.GARF. F. 499. Op. 1.D. 2. L. 51-66.
6.GARF. F. 102. Special department. 1909.D. 152. L. 145.
7. Gribovsky V. M. State structure and management of the Russian Empire. From lectures on Russian state and administrative law. Odessa, 1912. P. 33.
8 Kolotkov M. B. The fight against terror in Russia 1907-1917: legislation and practice: monograph. M., 2019. P. 109.
9. Kolotkov M. B. Decree. slave. pp. 111-112.
10. Political police and political terrorism in Russia (second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries): collection of documents. M., 2001. P. 422.

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
TERYAEVA Evgeniya Vyacheslavovna
Ph.D. in historical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of History, political science and public policy sub-faculty of the Central Russian Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, Oryol
STATE POLICY ON COMBATING CRIMES IN THE FIELD OF RECRUITMENT IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE OREL PROVINCE)
The article examines the state policy of the Russian Empire to combat crimes in the field of recruitment in the first half of the XIX century. The main types of corruption crimes that occur during recruitment are studied. The mechanisms of the imperial government’s struggle against such a negative phenomenon as bribery are being investigated. The normative legal acts aimed at combating official crimes are analyzed. The role of senatorial audits in combat corruption in the administration of contraction is determined. It is concluded that the primary task of the state was the timely recruitment of full-fledged recruits, which was provided, among other things, by provincial officials.
Keywords: recruitment, decent service, provincial officialdom, malfeasance, corruption.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. GAOO. – F. 4. – Op. 1. – D. 2251.
2. SAOO. – F. 4. – Op. 1. – D. 2267.
3. SAOO. – F. 19. – Op. 1. – D. 331.
4. SAOO. – F. 31. – Op. 493. – D. 1.
5. Blokhin S.A. Senatorial revision at the beginning of the 19th century // Proceedings of the Oryol Scientific Archive Commission. 1890. Issue. 2. – Eagle: Printing house of S. A. Zaitseva, 1890.
6. Ivanov F. N. History of conscription in Russia (1699-1874). – M.: Pero Publishing House, 2017.
7. Ponamorev V.I. Problems during recruitment in Russia in the first half of the 19th century (on the example of the Penza province) // Cultural and historical research in the Volga region: problems and prospects: materials of the III All-Russian scientific and methodological seminar (Samara, 26- October 27, 2015). – Samara: Media-Kniga LLC, 2015. – pp. 42-51.
8. PSZRI. T.XXVII. No. 20.516. – St. Petersburg: Printing house of the II Department of His Imperial Majesty’s Own Chancellery, 1830.
9. PSZRI. T.XXXII. No. 25.028. – St. Petersburg: Printing house of the II Department of His Imperial Majesty’s Own Chancellery, 1830.
10. PSZRI. T.XXXIII. No. 26.387. – St. Petersburg: Printing house of the II Department of His Imperial Majesty’s Own Chancellery, 1830.
11. Puparev A. Two senatorial audits of the Oryol province under Governor Yakovlev // Proceedings of the Oryol Scientific Archival Commission. 1984. Vol. 4. – Eagle: Printing house of S. A. Zaitseva, 1895.
12. Puparev A. Audit of Senator Myasoedov and its consequences // Proceedings of the Oryol Scientific Archival Commission. 1891. Issue. first. – Eagle: Printing house of S. A. Zaitseva, 1891.
13. Shcherbinin P. P., Yakovleva L. E. Legal regulation of permanent service in the Russian Empire in the 18th-19th centuries // Bulletin of Tambov University. Series: Humanities. – 2009. – No. 1. – P. 408-411.

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
FURMAN Tatyana Gennadjevna
Ph.D. in cultural studies, associate professor, associate professor of Administrative law sub-faculty of the North-Western Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation
THE INFLUENCE OF RUSSIAN SYMBOLISM ON THE POLITICAL AND LEGAL DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY
The article examines the journalistic materials published on the pages of the magazines Libra and Apollo. The evolution of the ideas of symbolism, reflected in selected materials, was analyzed, the most important stages of the development of symbolist discourse were tracked and investigated. The analysis of journalistic materials of the Libra magazine is carried out. It is proven that, contrary to traditional ideas, symbolism sought to live its own time, and during the period of social upheaval, its ideas certainly received a new development. It is revealed that the Apollo magazine completes the galaxy of symbolist magazines of the Silver Age and, in a sense, sums up the intensive artistic life of the late XIX – early XX century. A content analysis of the publication’s materials was carried out, which allowed us to study the development of the ideas of symbolism and acmeism within the framework of the editorial program of Apollo. It is proven that the ideas of acmeism were very heterogeneous and did not receive full support from many members of the editorial board, who believed that acmeism had not formed into a full-blooded literary movement.
Keywords: symbolism, Libra magazine, Silver Age, aesthetic manifestos, symbolist manifestos, law, legality, crisis of symbolism, evolution of the ideas of symbolism, the influence of symbolism on the legal system, collection “Milestones”, politics, crisis of symbolism, evolution of the ideas of symbolism, acmeism, magazine “Apollo”, artistic manifestos, symbolist discourse, workshop of poets, symbolist magazines, symbolist journalism.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Annensky I. On modern lyricism. I “They” // Apollo. – 1909. – No. 1. – P. 12-42.
2. Bely A. Beginning of the century. – M.: Fiction, 1989. – 707 p.
3. Blok A. A. Collection. cit.: in VIII volume. T. V. Prose 1903-1917. – M., L.: Fiction, 1962. – 804 p.
4. Blok A. A. Collection. cit.: in VIII volume. T. VI. Prose 1918-1921. – M., L.: Fiction. 1962. – 556 pp.
5. Gorodetsky S. M. Some trends in modern Russian poetry // Apollo. – 1913. – No. 1. – P. 46-50.
6. Gorodetsky S. M. My way. Soviet writers. Autobiographies in two volumes, vol. 1. – M.: Goslitizdat, 1959. – P. 325.
7. Kling O. A. Bryusov in “Scales” (on the question of Bryusov’s role in the organization and publication of the magazine) // From the history of Russian journalism of the early 20th century. M.: Publishing house. Moscow University. – 1984. – No. 13. – P. 160-186.
8. Kuzmin M. A. Hupre-literary prose “Libra” // Apollo. – 1910. – No. 9. – P. 35-42.
9. Kuzmin M.A. About beautiful clarity // Apollo. – 1910. – No. 4. – P. 5-10.
10. Melnik N.D. Magazine “Scales” (1904-1909) as the main stronghold of Russian symbolism // Bulletin of Voronezh State University. Series: Philology. Journalism. – 2021. – No. 4. – P. 138-141.
11. Silantyeva M.V. Apocalypticism in Russian culture: roll call of centuries // Bulletin of Slavic Cultures. – 2008. – No. 1-2 (9). – pp. 106-112.
12. Kholikov A. A. Study of the ways and nature of interaction between Russian literature and journalism in a crisis era // Russian literature and journalism in the pre-revolutionary era: forms of interaction and methodology of analysis. – Moscow: Institute of World Literature named after. A. M. Gorky Russian Academy of Sciences. – 2021. – pp. 11-16.
13. Kholikov A. A., Shapkina O. I. Russian literature and journalism in the pre-revolutionary era: materials for scientific bibliography. – Moscow: Innovative scientific, educational and publishing center “Almavest”, 2022. – 166 pp.
14. Chulkov G.I. Years of wanderings. – M.: Ellis Luck, 1999. – 864 p.
15. Ellis. Almanacs “Peaks”, “Surf”, “Ears” and “Creativity” // Libra. – 1909. – No. 5. – P. 69-75.
16. Ellis. The crisis of modern theater // Libra. – 1908. – No. 9. – P. 63-66.
17. Gray C. The great experiment. Russian art 1863 – 1922. – New York: Thames and Hudson Limited. 1962. – 296 p.
18. Stone J. The Institutions of Russian Modernism. Conceptualizing, Publishing and Reading Symbolism. – Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 2017. – 304 p.

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
FURMAN Felix Pavlovich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, professor of Social sciences of the North-Western Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation
POLITICAL AND LEGAL VIEWS AND IDEAS OF A. I. HERZEN AND N. P. OGAREV
The article examines the process of formation and development of one of the intellectual movements in Russian thought of the mid-19th century, namely the Westerners; it has been proven that the start of this process at a turning point in Russian history, the stage of preparation and beginning of reforms, was given by the activities of N.P. Ogarev and A.I. Herzen and the public emotional battles that followed; its progress, the inclusion of new participants in the debate, their general thought positions are analyzed; it was concluded that during the period under review, Westerners had two “programs” of behavior in relation to power: radical and liberal; the key participants in the events under consideration are named; the logic and argumentation of these directions is analyzed, as well as the attitudes of the participants, since there is a lot of “personal” in this story and this “personal” largely determined the course of the discussions.
Keywords: A. I. Herzen, N. P. Ogarev, radicalism, liberalism, reforms, law, political views, polemics, political ideas, political and social movements, Westernized socialists.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Bogucharsky V. Herzen Alexander Ivanovich – brief biographical information. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://runivers.ru/philosophy/lib/authors/author64046/
2. Voskresenskaya N. S. Peasantry of the central industrial region (XVIII – XIX centuries). – Kalinin: KSU, 1983. – 120 pp.
3. Herzen A.I. Indictment // Bell. – 1858. – L. 29. – P. 236.
4. Herzen A.I. “Unknown correspondent…” // Bell. – 1858. – December 15. – L. 30-31. – pp. 253-254.
5. Herzen A.I. Amateurism in science. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://az.lib.ru/g/gercen_a_i/text_0174.shtml.
6. Herzen A.I. Who is to blame? A novel in two parts. – M., 1996. – 254 p.
7. Zhukotsky V.D., Furman F.P. Populism of the Russian intelligentsia and culture // Philosophy and Society. – 2004. – No. 3. – P. 156-175.
8. Kelly A. Was Herzen a liberal? / Per. from English S. Silakova and E. Kanishcheva // UFO. – 2002. – No. 58. – P. 87-99.
9. Klevensky M. Herzen the publisher and his employees // Literary heritage. No. 41-42. – M.: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1941. – P. 572-620.
10. Malia M. Alexander Herzen and the origin of Russian socialism. 1812-1855. – M., 2010. – 568 pp.
11. Ogarev Nikolai Platonovich // Chronos. World history on the Internet. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.hrono.ru/biograf/bio_o/ogarev_np.php.
12. Orlova R. The last year of Herzen’s life // Bulletin of Europe. – 2004. – No. 11. – P. 57-60.
13. Uporov I.V. “The Bell” of Herzen in the context of the political situation in Russia // The power of history – History of power. – 2023. – No. 44. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kolokol-gertsena-v-kontekste-politicheskoy-situatsii-v-rossii.

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
KONDRATJEV Sergey Sergeevich
adjunct of the Faculty of Training of Scientific and Scientific-pedagogical Personnel of the Academy of Management of the MIA of Russia, Ryazan
SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE LATE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURIES
The high mortality rate characteristic of the Russian Empire in the late XIX-early XX centuries demonstrated the need to reform sanitary and epidemiological legislation, which lagged behind the level of development of domestic medical science and established medical practice. This article is devoted to measures to improve the medical part taken by the state during this period. A number of decisions taken, implemented in conditions of inconsistency between the actions of ministries and departments that had their own medical services, caused a contradictory reaction from the medical community, which together prevented the provision of adequate sanitary and epidemiological safety in the state.
Keywords: commission, transformation, public health, sanitary and medical, epidemic, Russian Empire, XIX – early XIX century, zemstvos, interaction, independence, sanitary and epidemiological, special epidemic department, cholera, plague, rules.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Adrianov S. A. Ministry of Internal Affairs 1802-1902: historical essay. Volume 1. St. Petersburg, 1901. 225 pp.
2. Vasiliev K. G., Segal A. E. History of epidemics in Russia. M., 1960. 396 pp.
3. Deryuzhinsky V.F. Police law: a manual for students. St. Petersburg, 1908. 552 pp.
4. Egorysheva I.V., Morozov A.V. Health care reform in the Russian Empire, attempts to reorganize the management of the medical and sanitary unit (1886-1916) // Medical Bulletin of the North Caucasus. 2019. No. 4. P. 718-722.
5. Mikhel D.V. Plague and epidemiological revolution in Russia, 1897-1914 // Bulletin of Eurasia. 2008. No. 3. P.142-164
6. Pristanskova N. I. Legal regulation of medical and sanitary activities in the Russian Empire: XIX – early XX centuries: dis. …cand. legal Sci. St. Petersburg, 2007. 216 pp.
7. Pronina E. N., Silantyeva V. A., Shcherova N. S. Regulatory acts on anti-epidemiological measures at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries and their criticism in the professional community (historical and legal aspect) // Education and Law. 2020. No. 8. P. 401-405
8. Raikova S.V. From the history of the fight against cholera epidemics in Russia // Current problems of the humanities and natural sciences. 2013. No. 7. P. 54-56
9. Rizvanova T.R. Provincial authorities and local governments of the Southern Urals in the fight against epidemics and epizootics in the late XIX – early XX centuries: dis. …histor. Sci. Ufa, 2011. 240 pp.
10. Tatarnikova A.I. Anti-epidemic measures of city government bodies in Western Siberia at the end of the 19th – beginning of the 20th centuries // Scientific dialogue. 2021. No. 3. P. 452-468.

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
FILONOVA Olina Igorevna
Ph.D. in Law, Ph.D. in historical science, associate professor of Civil process law sub-faculty of the Northwest branch of the Russian State University of Justice, St. Petersburg
CLAIM PROCEEDINGS IN CASES OF COPYRIGHT PROTECTION DURING OF THE NEW ECONOMIC POLICY PERIOD
The article examines the historical experience of judicial protection of copyright during the New Economic Policy period. Based on the analysis of legislative acts and materials of judicial practice, various aspects of claim proceedings in cases arising from copyright are characterized: jurisdiction of disputes; range of claims; a set of circumstances that needed to be established in a trial. The conclusion is drawn about the desire of the Soviet state to develop an effective mechanism for protecting the rights of the author of a work, despite the peculiarities determined by the Soviet statehood.
Keywords: claim proceedings, copyright, civil process, author, publishing, royalties
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Sanchov V. L. Copyright and the literary chamber // Weekly of Soviet Justice. – 1922. – No. 9. – P. 8.
2. Civil procedural code of the RSFSR. With article-by-article systematized material / Comp. Chairman of the Civil Cassation Board of the Supreme Court of the RSFSR S. V. Aleksandrovsky; preface Ya. N. Brandenburgsky. – Moscow: Legal Publishing House NKYu, 1925. – 453 p.
3. Bogolyubov E. A., Povarenkina M. S. Formation of Soviet copyright // Proceedings of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences. – 2022. – T. 17. – No. 1. – P. 133-155.
4. Kishkin S. Copyright (New Law of the RSFSR) // Weekly of Soviet Justice. – 1928. – No. 44-45. – pp. 1141-1144.
5. Vershinin A.P. Civil case of the “red count” // State and law. – 2023. – No. 1. – P. 168-172.

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
CHETVERTAKOVA Irina Valerjevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of State and legal disciplines sub-faculty of the Kaluga Institute (branch) of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia)
THE HEAD OF STATE OF RUSSIA IN THE 16TH AND 17TH CENTURIES AS PERCEIVED BY FOREIGN TRAVELERS
The presented article examines the features of the legal status of the head of state of Russia in the 16th and 17th centuries. The author presents an analysis of materials from foreign diplomats and travelers, which allows us to complement the understanding of the development of state and law in our country during the period of the estate-representative monarchy. The subject of the study of this article is to identify the position of the head of state based on information from foreign authors. The relevance of the study lies in the ability to assess the position of the head of state and the state apparatus through the analysis of foreign sources. The article examines not only the structure of state authorities, but also the order of interaction between the head of state and the state apparatus. Relying on the estate-representative bodies of legislative and representative power, the head of state collected executive, judicial, and military power in his hands.
Keywords: head of state, sovereign, administrative apparatus, class-representative monarchy.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Fletcher Giles. About the Russian State, or the mode of government of the Russian Tsar (usually called the Tsar of Moscow): With a description of the morals and customs of the inhabitants of this country. Per. from English Ed. 4th. – M.: Lenard, 2014. – 168 p.
2. Olearius Adam. Description of a trip to Muscovy / Russia XV-XVII centuries. through the eyes of foreigners / [Preparation of texts, introductory article and commentary by Yu. A. Limonov]. – L.: Lenizdat, 1986. – 543 p.
3. Margeret Jacques. The state of the Russian Empire and the Grand Duchy of Muscovy / Russia XV-XVII centuries. through the eyes of foreigners / [Preparation of texts, introductory article and commentary by Yu. A. Limonov]. – L.: Lenizdat, 1986. – 543 p.
4. Staden Heinrich von. Muscovy under Ivan the Terrible. Testimony of a German – the Tsar’s guardsman / Trans. from English G. A. Gonzalez-Menendez. – M.: Tsentrpoligraf, 2020. – 191 p.
5. Herberstein Sigismund. Muscovy; lane A. I. Maleina and A. V. Nazarenko; comment Z. Nozhnikova. – M.: 208. – 703 p.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
DAVUDOVA Saida Yamudinovna
associate professor of Information law and informatics sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Dagestan State University, Makhachkala
RAGIMHANOVA Kamilla Tagirovna
lecturer of Information law and informatics sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Dagestan State University, Makhachkala
PIRMETOV Kamil Malikovich
student of the 3rd course of the Institute of Law of the Dagestan State University, Makhachkala
VOTING RIGHTS IN THE DIGITAL AGE
Currently, it is difficult to overestimate such a category of constitutional rights as electoral rights and guarantees of citizens, which is especially important for the 2024 election campaign. At the same time, it is no secret that the sphere of the electoral process is undergoing active digitalization, which is connected not only with the digital orientation of state policy in general, but also with the creation of facilities for the exercise of electoral rights, involving more people in the electoral process. However, it should be noted that the legal regulation of such issues, namely the use of digital technologies in this area, is not perfect, which actualizes the need to substantiate current problems and formulate proposals for their resolution within the framework of current legislation.
Keywords: voting, digital technologies, electronic voting, electoral rights, elections.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Dzhikiya A. A., Tikhonovich E. A., Dzhikia M. D. Digital transformation of public administration in the Russian Federation: tasks and problems and methods for assessing effectiveness // International Journal of Humanities and Natural Sciences. – 2024. – No. 1-4.
2. Cherni D.V. Prospects for the digital transformation of electoral law in the Russian Federation // Skif. – 2023. – No. 1 (77).
3. Nyrova T. A. Prosecutor’s supervision over the observance of the electoral rights of citizens of the Russian Federation in the conditions of digitalization of the electoral process: current problems and ways to solve them // Young Uchnew. – 2023. – No. 34 (481). – pp. 103-105.
4. Zuev R. O. Prosecutor’s supervision over the implementation of legislation on elections and referendums in the light of informatization of electoral processes: problems and prospects // Sphere of Law. – 2022. – No. 2. – P. 27-36.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
IVANOVA Lyudmila Alexandrovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Legal science sub-faculty of the Institute of Economics and Law of the Astrakhan State Technical University
EKTOVA Viktoriya Alexandrovna
magister student of the 2nd course of the Astrakhan State Technical University
THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO WORK IN RUSSIA: DEFINITIVE AND RETROSPECTIVE ASPECTS
The article is devoted to the disclosure of the concept of “constitutional right to work”, the study of the look at the right to work in Russia. The approaches to the definition of the “right to work” existing in modern legal science are considered. The author’s periodization of the development of domestic constitutional and legal regulations in the field of labor has been formed and justified. The peculiarities of declaring the right to work and its content at various stages of the development of domestic legislation are revealed. Attention is focused on the change in the ideological component of the understanding of work: work as a duty – work as a matter of honor for every citizen – freedom of work.
Keywords: The Constitution of the USSR, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, human and civil rights, the right to work, the content of the right to work, guarantees of the right to work, the right to rest, unemployment.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Constitution of the Russian Federation (adopted by popular vote) of December 12, 1993 (with amendments approved during the all-Russian vote on July 1, 2020) // Rossiyskaya Gazeta dated July 4, 2020, No. 144.
2. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Adopted and proclaimed by the UN General Assembly on December 10, 1948. // Russian newspaper. – 1998. – December 10.
3. International Covenant on Economic and Cultural Rights of 1966 // Bulletin of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. – 1994. – No. 12.
4. Manifesto of October 17, 1905 “On the improvement of public order” (The document has lost force) // Russian legislation. – T. 9. Answer. ed. O. I. Chistyakov. – M., 1994.
5. Decree of the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR of October 29, 1917 “On the eight-hour working day” (The document has lost force) // Collection of legal acts of the RSFSR. – 1917. – No. 1. – Art. 10.
6. Constitution of the RSFSR 1918 (The document has lost force) // Collection of laws of the RSFSR. – 1918. – No. 51. – Art. 582.
7. Decree of the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR dated October 5, 1918 “On work books for non-workers” (The document has become invalid). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.libussr.ru/doc_ussr/ussr_370.htm (Date of access: 12/14/2023).
8. Constitution of the USSR 1936 (the document has lost force) // News of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR and the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. No. 283. 06.12.1936.
9. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR “On strengthening the fight against persons evading socially useful labor and leading an antisocial parasitic lifestyle” (The document has become invalid) // Gazette of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR. – 1961. No. 18. – Art. 273.
10. Constitution of the USSR 1977 (the document has lost force) // Gazette of the SND and the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. – 1991. – No. 51. – Art. 1798.
11. Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers of the USSR and the All-Russian Central Council of Trade Unions dated September 19, 1985 No. 1115 “On improving the organization of wages and introducing new tariff rates and official salaries for workers in production sectors of the national economy” (Document no longer in force) // SP USSR. – 1986. – No. 34. – Art. 179.
12. Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated February 4, 1988 No. 8430-XI 1988 “On introducing changes and additions to the legislation of the USSR on labor related to the restructuring of economic management” (the document has become invalid) // Gazette of the USSR Supreme Soviet. – 1988. – No. 6. – Art. 95.
13. Kapralova Yu. G., Tychkova V. V. The essence and content of the right to work. In the collection: The legal system and the modern state. – 2019. – pp. 79-81.
14. Fursova E. B. Right to work: transformation of content. In the collection; Human rights: history, theory, practice. – 2017. – P. 214-218.
15. Chikanova L. A. The right to work: constitutional and international aspects // Journal of Russian Law. – 2018. – No. 5. – P. 5-15.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
ILJIN Igor Mikhaylovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Public legal disciplines sub-faculty of the Yaroslav the Wise Novgorod State University, Velikiy Novgorod
MANIFESTATION OF RUSSIAN SOVEREIGNTY IN THE BUDGETARY AND FINANCIAL SPHERE: CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL DIMENSION, PROBLEMATICS
The article examines the peculiarities of the manifestation of sovereignty in the budgetary and financial sphere. To this end, elements of its internal and external manifestation are revealed, including in the light of geopolitical realities. Based on the views of legal scholars, the author concludes that the sovereignty of the state in the budgetary and financial sphere is implemented through the competence of public authorities in accordance with the constitutional principles of the financial activities of the state. It is noted that through the implementation of sovereign rights by the state in the budgetary and financial sphere, socio-economic and other types of state policy are ensured. At the same time, in the light of sanctions pressure on Russia and as a result of the influence of a number of other factors, threats to sovereignty arise, which requires the adoption of effective measures to ensure the rule and independence of the state in the budgetary and financial sphere.
Keywords: the supremacy and independence of the state in the budgetary and financial sphere, sanctions policy, constitutional principles of financial activities of the state, financial policy, jurisdiction of the state.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Gracheva E. Yu. Financial sovereignty – myth or reality? // Bulletin of the University named after O. E. Kutafin (MSAL). – 2023. – No. 7. – P. 19-26.
2. Sattarova N. A. Financial security and financial sovereignty of the state: issues of interrelation // Financial law. – 2023. – No. 11. – P. 15-17.
3. Ilyin I. M. On the issue of the budgetary and financial sovereignty of Russia and the forms of its implementation: constitutional and legal aspects // Bulletin of the Volga University named after. V. N. Tatishcheva. – 2022. – No. 4 (103). – pp. 34-43.
4. Ilyin I. M. Constitutional and legal regulation of the budget institution in the context of ensuring the sovereignty of the state and from the position of constitutional legal use // Law and State: Theory and Practice. – 2020. – No. 10. – P. 9-11.
5. Isakov N.V. Legal policy of Russia: theoretical aspects. – Saratov. 2003. – 295 p.
6. Sattarova N. A. The role of public authorities in the budgetary sphere // Bulletin of the Financial Academy. – 2005. – No. 3 (35). – P. 21-30.
7. Tkachenko R.V. The importance of budgetary regulation for ensuring state sovereignty: a comparative analysis of Russian and foreign legislation // Journal of Legal Research. – 2021. – T. 6. No. 2. – P. 137-149.
8. Financial law / Godme P. M.; Transl., intro. Art.: Halfina R. O. – M.: Progress, 1978. – 429 p.
9. Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated January 28, 2020 No. 5-P “In the case of verifying the constitutionality of the provisions of part four of Article 7 of the Law of the Russian Federation “On pension provision for persons who served in military service, service in internal affairs bodies, the State Fire Service, control over the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, institutions and bodies of the penal system, troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, compulsory enforcement authorities of the Russian Federation, and their families”, subparagraph 2 of paragraph 1 of Article 6, paragraph 2.2 of Article 22 and paragraph 1 of Article 28 Federal Law “On Compulsory Pension Insurance in the Russian Federation”, subparagraph 2 of paragraph 1 of Article 419 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, as well as parts 2 and 3 of Article 8, part 18 of Article 15 of the Federal Law “On Insurance Pensions” // “SZ RF”. – 2020. – No. 5. – Art. 583.
10. Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated 07/09/2012 No. 17-P in the case of verifying the constitutionality of an international treaty of the Russian Federation that has not entered into force – the Protocol on the accession of the Russian Federation to the Marrakesh Agreement on the Establishment of the World Trade Organization // “SZ RF”. – 2012. – No. 29. – Art. 4169.
11. Peshkova H. V. Theoretical and legal foundations of the budgetary structure of the state. – Moscow: INFRA-M, 2019. – 315 p.
12. Kucherov I. I. The right of monetary issue and its implementation // Financial law. – 2015. – No. 3. – P. 3-8.
13. “The Constitution of the Russian Federation” (adopted by popular vote on 12/12/1993 with amendments approved during the all-Russian vote on 07/01/2020). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.pravo.gov.ru, 07/04/2020.
14. Federal Law of July 24, 2023 No. 340-FZ “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation” // “SZ RF”. – 2023. – No. 31 (Part III). – St. 5766.
15. Vasyanina E. L., Shapsugova M. D. Public law and private law principles in the mechanism for regulating money issue // Banking Law. – 2021. – No. 5. – P. 28-37.
16. Omelekhina N.V. Financial sovereignty of the state: towards the formulation of the problem of studying legal identification // Financial law. – 2017. – No. 4. – P. 12-21.
17. Boldyrev O. Yu. Economic sovereignty of the state and constitutional and legal mechanisms for its protection. – M.: Prospekt, 2021. –408 pp.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
KUZNETSOV Stepan Anatoljevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of State and international law sub-faculty of the M. V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk
UNITY AND VERTICAL SEPARATION OF PUBLIC POWER: CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS
The article is dedicated to the analysis of constitutional and legal aspects of unity and vertical separation of public power in the Russian Federation. The work discusses the historical roots of the formation of public power, its main characteristics and current state, as well as the features of Russian federalism. Special attention is paid to the role of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the process of proactive regulation of shared spheres of competence. The authors analyze the amendments made to the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2020 and their impact on the balance between centralization and decentralization of power, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach to ensure effective governance and development of the country.
Keywords: public power, Constitution of the Russian Federation, federalism, vertical separation of power, centralization, decentralization, regional regulation, proactive regulation, subjects of the Russian Federation, unity of power, local self -government, constitutional amendments of 2020.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Constitution of the Russian Federation (adopted by popular vote on 12/12/1993 with amendments approved during the all-Russian vote on 07/01/2020) [Electronic resource] // Access: ATP “Consultant Plus Prof” (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
2. Federal Law No. 414-FZ dated December 21, 2021 (as amended on August 4, 2023) “On the general principles of the organization of public power in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation” (as amended and supplemented, entered into force on March 1, 2024) [ Electronic resource] // Access: SPS “Consultant Plus Prof” (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
3. Federal Law of October 6, 2003 No. 131-FZ (as amended on February 14, 2024) “On the General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” [Electronic resource] // Access: SPS “Consultant Plus Prof” (Date of access: 07.03 .2024).
4. Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated 01.02.1996 No. 3-P “On the case of verifying the constitutionality of a number of provisions of the Charter – the Basic Law of the Chita Region” [Electronic resource] // Access: ATP “Consultant Plus Prof” (Date of access: 03/07/2024 ).
5. Antropova T. G. Economic security in the conditions of the modern crisis // VEPS. 2010. No. 1. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ekonomicheskaya-bezopasnost-v-usloviyah-sovremennogo-krizisa (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
6. Gainutdinova L. A., Gainutdinov R. I. The concept of separation of powers by Ch. Montesquieu and its practical dimension // Bulletin of the Russian Chemical Academy. 2019. No. 4. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kontseptsiya-razdeleniya-vlastey-sh-monteskie-i-ee-prakticheskoe-izmerenie (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
7. Davydov D.V. Symmetry and asymmetry in the structure of a federal state // Regionology. 2010. No. 3. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/simmetriya-i-asimmetriya-v-ustroystve-federativnogo-gosudarstva (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
8. Ivanov D.S. The idea of separation of powers: the view of J. Locke // World of modern science. 2018. No. 2 (48). pp. 65-67.
9. Kulakov A.V. The influence of globalization processes on the border security of the Russian Federation // Electronic scientific publication Almanac Space and Time. 2013. No. 1. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vliyanii-globalizatsionnyh-protsessov-na-pogranichnuyu-bezopasnost-rossiyskoy-federatsii (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
10. Marievich A. A., Blokhin M. S., Lobanova I. A. Public power in Russia: concept and evolution // World Science. 2023. No. 1 (70). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/publichnaya-vlast-v-rossii-ponyatie-i-evolyutsiya (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
11. Troyanskaya M. A., Eremenkov A. A. Information technologies in public administration: concept, types, tasks and directions of regulation // Bulletin of the Academy of Knowledge. 2022. No. 3 (50). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/informatsionnye-tehnologii-v-gosudarstvennom-upravlenii-ponyatie-vidy-zadachi-i-napravleniya-regulirovaniya (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
12. Chirkin V. E. Public power. M.: Yurist, 2005. 175 p. ISBN 5-7975-0676-9.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
BAGISHEV Oleg Alexeevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Legal regulation of business and applied jurisprudencesub-faculty of the “Moscow Financial and Industrial University” Synergy “”
BUSINESS CUSTOMS AS A SOURCE OF BUSINESS LAW
The purpose of the work is to briefly analyze the phenomenon of business practices as a source of business law. Based on concrete, factual material, the author sought to show the formation of custom, the tradition of business turnover from the very beginning to the present. The value of custom in the formation and development of general and business law was shown, a hypothesis was expressed about the similarity of case law with the law emanating from custom and tradition. Modern forms and methods of using the custom of business turnover in the light of modern lawmaking are demonstrated, and the main ways of developing this process are outlined. In his work, the author used the following methods: comparative, analytical, and theoretical methods. The author managed to show the relationship between tradition, precedent, and business practice, both in the legislative process and in law enforcement practice. The importance of this process for improving the business atmosphere, improving legislative and other legal acts leading to the prosperity of the state has been clearly proven.
Keywords: business turnover, judicial precedent, case law, dispute resolution, business relations.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
KAMALETDINOV Eduard Salavatovich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, senior lecturer of Environmental and labor law sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Ufa University of Science and Technology
FEATURES OF CONSIDERATION OF LAND DISPUTES RELATED TO THE PROVISION OF LAND PLOTS FOR INDIVIDUAL HOUSING CONSTRUCTION
The article examines the specifics of the consideration of land disputes related to the provision of land plots for individual housing construction. The analysis of judicial practice in these categories of land disputes is given. The article substantiates the conclusion that when considering land disputes, the determining factor for judicial authorities is to establish whether the rights of a citizen who has appealed to the court have been violated. The determining factor for the judicial authorities is the establishment of a violation of the current legislation when considering a citizen’s application by a state body. When considering land disputes involving government agencies, the judicial authority determines whether there is either a violation of citizens’ rights or a violation of the law.
Keywords: land disputes, judicial practice, provision of land plots, individual housing construction.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Land Code of the Russian Federation dated October 25, 2001 No. 136-FZ (amendments and additions, entered into force on March 1, 2024) // ATP “Consultant+”.
2. Code of Administrative Procedure of the Russian Federation dated March 8, 2015 No. 21-FZ (as amended on February 14, 2024) // ATP “Consultant+”.
3. Law of the Republic of Bashkortostan dated January 5, 2004 No. 59-z (as amended on February 1, 2024) “On the regulation of land relations in the Republic of Bashkortostan” // ATP “Consultant +”.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
OSTRYAKOVA Aida Filgatovna
Ph.D. in economic sciences, Deputy Head of Social, humanitarian and economic disciplines sub-faculty of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
ALEXANDROV Alexey Pavlovich
Ph.D. in historical sciences, associate professor, Head of History, philosophy and social sciences and humanities sub-faculty of the Ufa University of Science and Technology (branch in Birsk)
STOVBA Evgeniy Vladimirovich
Ph.D. in economic sciences, professor, Head of Informatics and economics sub-faculty of the Ufa University of Science and Technology (branch in Birsk)
STOVBA Andrey Vladimirovich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, associate professor of History, philosophy and social sciences and humanities sub-faculty of the Ufa University of Science and Technology (branch in Birsk)
THE ROLE OF MANAGEMENT DECISIONS IN INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL FOUNDATIONS
The article discusses regulatory requirements and contradictions that arise when organizing the execution of management decisions, as well as factors related to the adoption of this kind of management decisions. An analysis of the factors influencing the effectiveness of management decision-making by the heads of the internal affairs of the body and various divisions included in its structure was carried out.
Keywords: management, management decision, factors, normative validity, contradictions.
Article bibliographicEuropean list
1. Markushin A. G., Morozov O. L. Fundamentals of management in internal affairs bodies: a textbook for universities. – 4th ed., revised. and additional – Moscow: Yurayt Publishing House, 2023. – 367 p. – (Higher education). – ISBN 978-5-534-15722-2. – Text: electronic // Educational platform Urayt [website]. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://urait.ru/bcode/511632 (date of access: 06/15/2023).
2. Popova N. F. Fundamentals of management in judicial and law enforcement agencies: textbook and workshop for universities. – 4th ed., revised. and additional – Moscow: Yurayt Publishing House, 2023. – 301 p. – (Higher education). – ISBN 978-5-534-16704-7. – Text: electronic // Educational platform Urayt [website]. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://urait.ru/bcode/531548 (date of access: 06.22.2023).
3. Ostryakova A.F., Ostryakova A.F., Kolesnikov V.A., Kalimullin N.R. Organization of management of internal affairs bodies in modern conditions: a textbook. – Ufa: Ufa Judicial Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2022. – 48 p. Text: direct.
4. Ostryakova A.F., Kolesnikov V.A. Fundamentals of management in internal affairs bodies: educational and practical guide. – Ufa Judicial Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2023. – 48 p. The text is direct.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
KOTLYAROVA Oksana Nikolaevna
lecturer of Constitutional and administrative law sub-faculty of the Volgograd Academy of the MIA of Russia
FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLES AND TYPES OF ADMINISTRATIVE COERCIVE MEASURES
In this article, the author defines the meaning of administrative coercion measures in administrative law, highlights the functional features of administrative coercion measures, and formulates the concept of administrative coercion taking into account the functional features of administrative coercion measures. The main types of administrative coercion that are used by officials of executive authorities to protect public relations that develop in the field of administrative activities from illegal attacks are also analyzed.
Keywords: administrative coercion, administrative offense, administrative responsibility, principles of administrative coercion, types of administrative coercion measures.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Safonenkov P. N. System of principles of administrative coercion // Administrative and municipal law. – 2016. – No. 5. – P. 417.
2. Shubina E. V. Administrative and preventive measures in the system of administrative and legal coercion // Administrative and municipal law. 2015. – No. 11. – P. 1160.
3. Kokarev A. N. Implementation of measures of administrative suppression in the activities of internal affairs bodies. – Moscow, 2010.
4. Korkin A. V. Concept, signs and essence of administrative-legal coercion // Problems of the science of constitutional and administrative law: collection. scientific articles. – Ekaterinburg: Ural Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2005. – 191 p.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
WEI Qian
Ph.D. at Administrative Law School of the Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, PRC
THE LEGAL SYSTEM OF OFFICIALS OF NEIXIANG COUNTY DURING THE QING DYNASTY IN ANCIENT CHINA
“Have the same food and wear the same cloth like ordinary people, you shall not deceive them as you are one of them. Neither to feel honored to be an official nor feel humiliated for losing the title, we never think a local official can be useless, he is who we count for managing the place.” This is the General Secretary Xi Jinping quoted in a symposium on November 26, 2013 in Heze City, Shandong Province. The quotes are couplets hanging in Three Reflection Hall of the Yamen (Government office in Feudal China) of Naixiang County Museum, representing the inheritance of the traditional culture of the official system of Neixiang County. The implementation status of the administrative legal system in Naixiang County is centrally reflected in the legal system of the official management system. This paper takes Neixiang County, where China’s first domestic Yamen Museum – Neixiang County Yamen is located, as an example, to conduct research on the legal system of the selection and appointment of officials, tenure of office, assignment evasion, and appraisal of performance based on the archives and historical materials and local history records.
Keywords:Qing Dynasty, Neixiang County, Official Management System.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Zhao Erxun et al. Manuscript of Qing history / Ed. Zhonghua Book Company. 1st edition. Beijing, 2020. P. 2304.
2. Qu Tongzu. Local government in the Qing dynasty / Ed. Law Press. First edition in July 2003. Beijing, 2003. P. 37.
3. Local historyNeixiang County Administration, Henan Province: “Chronicles of Neixiang County,” 32nd Year of the Kangxi Dynasty (edited edition) / Zhongzhou Ancient Book Publishing House, 1st edition October 2016. P. 169.
4. Wang Duo. Chronicles of Neixiang County of the Republic of China. 21st Year of the Republic of China (1932), photocopy from lithographic version. P. 70.
5. Tian Tao and Zheng Qin. Laws and regulations of the Qing dynasty / Ed. Law Press. 1st edition, September 1999. Beijing, 1999. P. 151.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
OSTRYAKOVA Aida Filgatovna
Ph.D. in economic sciences, Deputy Head of Social, humanitarian and economic disciplines sub-faculty of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
STOVBA Evgeniy Vladimirovich
Ph.D. in economic sciences, professor, Head of Informatics and economics sub-faculty of the Ufa University of Science and Technology (branch in Birsk)
ALEXANDROV Alexey Pavlovich
Ph.D. in historical sciences, associate professor, Head of History, philosophy and social sciences and humanities sub-faculty of the Ufa University of Science and Technology (branch in Birsk)
STOVBA Andrey Vladimirovich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, associate professor of History, philosophy and social sciences and humanities sub-faculty of the Ufa University of Science and Technology (branch in Birsk)
ACTIVITIES OF THE NATIONAL CENTRAL BUREAU OF INTERPOL OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FOR THE FIGHT AGAINST INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC CRIME
The article examines the activities of the National Central Bureau of Interpol of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the fight against economic crime. Every day, the role of the NCB Interpol of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia as a universal international police organization that coordinates states in the fight against economic crime is increasing. Therefore, the main purpose of writing this work is to study the legal basis for the activities of the Interpol NCB of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, which plays an important role in the joint investigation of transnational crimes.
Keywords: legal framework, National Central Bureau, international economic crime, organized crime.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Ostryakova A. F. Legal regulation of the activities of the international criminal police organization (Interpol) // Society, law, statehood: retrospective and perspective. – 2023. – No. 2 (14). – pp. 44-49
2. Roslyakov V. D. Transnational economic crime: concept and standardization of countermeasures. — Text: immediate // Young scientist. – 2020. – No. 46 (336). – pp. 311-313. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://moluch.ru/archive/336/74975/ (Access date: 02/19/2024).
3. International cooperation in the fight against crime: a textbook for undergraduate studies / S. V. Troitsky [et al.]; executive editor R. A. Kalamkaryan. – Moscow: Yurayt Publishing House, 2019. – 349 p. – (Bachelor. Academic course. Module). – ISBN 978-5-534-03351-9. – Text: electronic // Educational platform Urayt [website]. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://urait.ru/bcode/432984 (Date of access: 01/29/2024).

MUNICIPAL LAW
ANDREEV Boris Serafimovich
senior lecturer of Theory of law, constitutional and administrative law sub-faculty of the Irkutsk National Research Technical University
ABRAMITOV Sergey Anatoljevich
Ph.D. in historical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of Theory of law, constitutional and administrative law sub-faculty of the Irkutsk National Research Technical University
LEGITIMATE INTERESTS IN THE MUNICIPAL SERVICE: ON THE ISSUE OF THE USE OF THE TERM IN LEGISLATION
The article is devoted to the analysis of the use of the category “legitimate interest” in legislative acts regulating issues of municipal service when regulating the legal status of a municipal employee. Attention is paid to the consideration of the controversial issue of understanding the concept of “legitimate interest”. The current legislative acts regulating the legal status of municipal employees are analyzed both at the level of federal legislation and at the level of regional legislation, which use the term “legitimate interests in the municipal service”. The authors made an attempt to identify problems in the use of this term in legislative acts. The need to consolidate the definition of the concept of “legitimate interests in the municipal service” in the Federal Law “On Municipal Service in the Russian Federation” is noted.
Keywords: legitimate interest, legal status, municipal employee, legitimate interests in municipal service.
Bibliographic list of articles:
1. Burmistrova S. A. Legitimate interests, subjective rights and freedoms as legal possibilities: the relationship of structure, content and implementation // State and Law. – 2019. – No. 3. – P. 180-187.
2. Maksimov V. A. On the issue of the relationship between the concepts of “legitimate interest”, “interest protected by law”, “legal interest”, “legal interest” // Truth and Law. – 2017. – No. 2. – P. 25-28.
3. Malko A.V. Subjective law and legitimate interest // News of higher educational institutions. Jurisprudence. – 2000. – No. 3 (230). – P. 30-48.
4. Raskotikov I. S. Evolution of the concept of “interest” in Russian law // Citizen and Law. – 2014. – No. 3. – P. 61-70.
5. Subochev V.V. Legitimate interests and their role in the legal life of Russian society // Law and Management. XXI century. – 2012. – No. 1 (22). – pp. 10-17.
6. Cherdantsev A.F., Gunin D.I. Interests are legal, illegal and illegal // Russian justice. – 2013. – 7 (87). – P. 12-21.
7. Shepelev D.V. On the understanding of the category “legitimate interest” // Current problems of Russian law. – 2010. – No. 2 (15). – pp. 42-51.

CIVIL LAW
VASILJEVA Natalya Nikolaevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil law sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Irkutsk State University
COERCION IN CIVIL LAW: METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE STUDY
The article is dedicated to the methodology of the study of the category of coercion in civil law. The need for scientific knowledge of coercion, taking into account the features determined by industry specifics, is due to the lack of a uniform approach to this category in the civil doctrine. In this regard, the correct choice of scientific cognition methods affects the success of solving the scientific problem posed, the reasonableness and validity of the author’s position. The structure of the methodology of scientific cognition is revealed: universal (philosophical), general scientific and private scientific levels of civil law research. Attention is drawn to the key importance of the universal universal method, which defines the philosophical basis of research and serves as a guide in choosing general scientific and special techniques and means of cognition. It is shown for what purpose and for what purposes some of the research methods can be used in the context of the topic under consideration. When considering the category of coercion in a civilistic aspect, not only the method of dialectical materialism, but also interdisciplinary and intersectoral approaches are of particular importance. The consideration of general theoretical issues of coercion, which are at the junction of legal science with research in philosophy, sociology, psychology and economics, determines the application of an interdisciplinary approach. The intersectoral method is aimed at identifying the specifics of coercion in civil law, which is formed under the influence of legal entities of other industry affiliation. Since the problem of coercion is a system-forming one for the state and law and its individual structural elements, and has an intersectoral nature, the research potential of a systematic approach can be used in scientific research.
Keywords: coercion in civil law, methodology of law, dialectical method, general scientific methods, private scientific methods, intersectoral relations, system method.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Akulinin O. G. Coercion in labor law: abstract. dis. …cand. legal Sci. – M., 2020. – 27 p.
2. Bayramov A. A. Coercion as a factor of state and legal genesis in the history of political and legal thought: abstract. dis. …cand. legal Sci. – Belgorod, 2021. – 23 p.
3. Vershinina S.I. State coercion in criminal proceedings: normative legal nature and functioning mechanism: abstract. dis. … doc. legal Sci. – Tolyatti, 2017. – 41 p.
4. Vinogray E. G. Categorical analysis, reconstruction and algorithmization of the system approach // Bulletin of the Kemerovo State University of Culture and Arts. – 2010. – No. 10. – P. 16-31.
5. Demidov P.V. Private legal coercion as a category of modern legal theory: scientific and practical problems: dis. …cand. legal Sci. – N. Novgorod, 2005. – 156 pp.
6. Zakhartsev S.I. Returning to the discussion about dialectics as a methodological basis for the knowledge of law // Monitoring of law enforcement. – 2015. – No. 1 (14). – pp. 32-39.
7. Kolotusha V. In Force coercion in the social process (socio-philosophical concept): abstract. dis. … doc. philosopher. Sci. – M., 2010. – 42 p.
8. Korsanenkova Yu. B. Intersectoral connections of social security law: current state and their influence on the long-termneck development of the industry: author’s abstract. dis. … doc. legal Sci. – M., 2021. – 51 p.
9. Kravtsov O.I. Increasing the effectiveness of using the coercion method in instilling discipline among military personnel of the internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia: abstract of thesis. dis. …cand. ped. Sci. – St. Petersburg, 2006. – 28 p.
10. Kuznetsova O. A. Methods of scientific research in civil law dissertations // Bulletin of Perm University. Ser.: Legal sciences. – 2014. – Issue. 4 (26). – pp. 254-270.
11. Kuznetsova O. A. Intersectoral method of civilistic knowledge // Methodological problems of civilistic research. – 2022. – No. 4. – P. 206-225.
12. Kumanyaeva E. A. Coercion in criminal law of Russia: abstract. dis. …cand. legal Sci. – M., 2012. – 28 p.
13. Lapshina I.V. Types of social coercion in Russia and the West: a comparative social and philosophical study: abstract. dis. …philosopher. Sci. – Rostov-on-Don, 2007. – 22 p.
14. Latysheva K. V. Coercion in the context of culture (socio-philosophical aspect): abstract. dis. …cand. philosopher. Sci. – Krasnodar, 2007. – 28 p.
15. Lushnikova M. V. Inter-industry relations of labor law: theory and practice // Bulletin of YarSU. Ser. Humanitarian sciences. – 2017. – No. 3 (41). – pp. 50-53.
16. Methodology and methods of scientific knowledge in the conditions of the scientific and technological revolution / Rep. ed. V. S. Tyukhtin, A. F. Faizullaev. – Tashkent: Publishing House of the FAN of the Uzbek SSR, 1986. – 287 p.
17. Milkov A.V. Legal regulation of the protection of civil rights and legal interests: abstract. dis. … doc. legal Sci. – M., 2015. – 41 p.
18. Nokhrin D. G. State coercion in civil proceedings: abstract. dis. …cand. legal Sci. – M., 2006. – 30 p.
19. Orlov V.V. Fundamentals of Philosophy: textbook. allowance; in 2 hours. Part 1: General philosophy / Perm. state national research univ. Perm, 2012. – Issue. 1. – 231 p.
20. Puchnin A. S. Coercion and law: dis. …cand. legal Sci. – Tambov, 1999. – 234 p.
21. Razgildieva M. B. Theory of financial and legal coercion and the scope of its application: dis. … doc. legal Sci. – Saratov, 2012. – 563 pp.
22. Sattarova N. A. Coercion in financial law: dis. … doc. legal Sci. – M., 2006. – 493 pp.
23. Surgutskaya A.V. Administrative and legal coercion applied in violation of customs rules: abstract. dis. …cand. legal Sci. – Chelyabinsk, 2011. 23 p.
24. Syrykh V. M. Theory of state and law: Textbook for universities. – 6th ed., revised. and additional – M.: JSC Justitsinform, 2012. – 704 p.
25. Chelyshev M. Yu. Fundamentals of the doctrine of interbranch relations of civil law. – Kazan: KSU Publishing House, 2008. – 206 p.
26. Chelyshev M. Yu. System of interbranch relations of civil law: civil law research: abstract of thesis. dis. …. doc. legal Sci. – Kazan, 2009. – 41 p.

CIVIL LAW
GALI Anastasiya Aksanovna
advocate, Moscow Bar Association “GRAD”
TO THE ISSUE OF THE REASONABILITY OF THE APPOINTMENT OF A LIQUIDATION COMMISSION (LIQUIDATOR) FOR THE VOLUNTARY LIQUIDATION OF A LEGAL ENTITY
The purpose of the study is to identify gaps in Russian legislation and improve legal approaches to the regulation of voluntary liquidation. In the article the author examines and criticizes the provisions of the Russian legislation on the mandatory appointment of a liquidation commission (liquidator) and points out the features in the regulation of the composition of the liquidation commission (requirements to the liquidator). Based on scientific works, the author identifies the functions of the liquidation commission (liquidator) as a special body of a legal entity acting in the period of liquidation. With regard to the theoretical provisions, the author defines possible ways of improvement of civil legislation on the liquidation of a legal entity. The conclusions made by the author on the results of the study, could be useful in assistance of ensuring more effective management of a legal entity and liquidation procedures during voluntary liquidation.
Keywords: liquidation, liquidation commission, liquidator, termination of a legal entity, governing bodies of a legal entity.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Gabov A. V. Liquidation of legal entities: history of the development of the institution in Russian law, modern problems and prospects. – Moscow: Statute, 2011.
2. Goykhbarg A. G. Essays on economic law. Moscow: legal publishing house of the People’s Commissariat of Justice of the RSFSR (1st Exemplary type. Gosizdat), 1927.
3. Bill No. 164662-8 “On amendments to the Federal Law “On State Registration of Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs” and Article 3 of the Federal Law “On Limited Liability Companies” (in terms of clarifying the procedure for excluding small and medium-sized businesses from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities ) // Systhe topic of ensuring legislative activity. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/164662-8#bh_histras (Access date: 03/01/2024).
4. Information letter of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated January 13, 2000 No. 50 “Review of the practice of resolving disputes related to the liquidation of legal entities (commercial organizations)” // SPS Consultant Plus.
5. How to liquidate an LLC // SBER business. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.sberbank.ru/ru/s_m_business/pro_business/kak-zakryt-ooo-s-odnim-uchreditelem-2023/ (Date of access: 03/01/2024).
6. Kvachevsky A. A. About partnerships in general and joint-stock companies in particular, according to the principles of law, Russian laws and judicial practice. Part 1. – St. Petersburg: type. Govt. Senate, 1880.
7. Corporate law: Training course. In 2 vols. / Rep. ed. I. S. Shitkina. T. 1. – Moscow: Statute, 2017.
8. Small businesses promised to close soon // Kommersant. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5560211 (Date of access: 03/01/2024).
9. Ruling of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of November 7, 2018 No. 310-KG18-17548 // SPS Consultant Plus.
10. Ruling of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of March 21, 2023 No. 5-KG22-132-K2 // SPS Consultant Plus.
11. Determination of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of February 16, 2006 No. 51-O // SPS Consultant Plus.
12. Draft regulations on joint-stock companies, with an explanatory note to it // Journal of the Commission for the revision of the draft new regulations on joint-stock companies on April 1, 1872. Approved Minister of Finance April 6 1872 – St. Petersburg: Type. II Dept. Own E. I. V. Kantz, 1872.
13. Samoilov E. Yu. Public credibility in civil law: theoretical design and conditions for using the institution // Bulletin of civil law. – 2007. – T. 7. No. 4. – P. 63-107.
14. Code of Laws of the Russian Empire // Official Internet portal of legal information. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?empire_iframe&bpas=303 (date of access: 03/01/2024).
15. Shershenevich G. F. Textbook of commercial law. – Ed. 9th (2nd posthumous). – Moscow: Moscow Scientific Publishing House, 1919. – 389 p.

CIVIL LAW
GASANOV Zaur Ufatovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil and entrepreneurial law sub-faculty of the V. G. Timiryasov Kazan Innovation University (IEML)
BEKLENISHCHEVA Darya Alexandrovna
3rd year undergraduate student of the V. G. Timiryasov Kazan Innovation University (IEML)
DISCUSSION ASPECTS OF THE TRANSFER OF COMMERCIAL EXPERIENCE WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF COMMERCIAL AND NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS UNDER A COMMERCIAL CONCESSION AGREEMENT
The article is devoted to the problem of transferring the commercial experience of the copyright holder to a certain extent in the field of entrepreneurial activity, the need to include non-profit organizations in the subjective composition of the commercial concession, since this change will allow NPOs to conclude not only license agreements, but also the analyzed agreement, which will contribute to the development of NPOs, as well as the achievement of other purposes not related to making a profit. The work makes the provision that with the transfer of commercial experience, in the absence of its definition and establishment of specific characteristics, the copyright holder may in the future face possible real damage and lost profits. The authors identify the characteristic features of the contract, which make it possible to distinguish it from other contractual obligations. The author substantiates the need to introduce a definition of commercial experience in paragraph 2 of Article 1027 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The authors identify the characteristic features of the contract, which make it possible to distinguish it from other contractual obligations. The author substantiates the need to introduce a definition of commercial experience in paragraph 2 of Article 1027 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The author also proposes to highlight special aspects that imply a specific transition of commercial experience. It is also proposed that non-profit organizations should be included in the subjective composition of the agreement under study by amending clause 3 of Art. 1027 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: commercial concession, commercial experience, entrepreneurial experience, copyright holder, user, license agreement.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Braginsky M.I., Vitryansky V.V. Contract law. Contracts for the performance of work and provision of services. Ed. corr. and additional M.: Statute, 2002. Book 3
2. Civil and commercial lawin capitalist states: Textbook. 2nd ed., revised. and additional M., 1992. P. 385
3. Civil law: Textbook. Part II / Ed. A. P. Sergeev, Yu. K. Tolstoy. “Prospekt Publishing House”, 2005. pp. 631-632
4. Eremin A. A. Some problems of legal regulation of a commercial concession agreement in the light of changes in the civil code of the Russian Federation // Bulletin of the Saratov State Legal Academy. 2015. No. 4. pp. 114-119
5. Kopanova A. E. On the possibility of participation of non-profit organizations in a commercial concession agreement. Text: immediate // Young scientist. 2021. No. 44 (386). pp. 115-117. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://moluch.ru/archive/386/84942/ (date of access: 03/09/2024).
6. Romanets Yu. V. System of contracts in civil law of Russia. M., 2001. P. 362.

CIVIL LAW
DROZDOV Roman Viktorovich
master of law degree of the Moscow University for the Humanities
BEDRIN Vitaliy Sergeevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of the Volgograd Academy of the MIA of Russia
FLEXIBILITY OF THE LAW ON THE CONTRACT SYSTEM IN RESPONSE TO MODERN CHALLENGES
The article discusses changes to the Contract System Law made for the period from 2020 to 2024. The subject of the study is the measures taken by the state to adapt the sphere of public procurement to modern realities in order to ensure the effectiveness of meeting the needs of government customers. The object of the work is the regulations establishing the provisions of the law on the contract system, adopted in the period from 2020 to 2024. This article sets the task of studying the ability of the legislation on the contract system to adapt to modern challenges – external factors that influence the functioning of the public procurement sector. The purpose of the work is to analyze the effectiveness of measures taken by the state to support the procurement industry in the period from 2020 to 2024. The methodological basis was the general scientific method of analysis, as well as private scientific methods of formal legal analysis and interpretation. Based on the results of scientific research, the author comes to the conclusion about the importance of adaptability of the law on the contract system to support the sphere of small and medium businesses and meet the needs of government customers.
Keywords: public procurement, contract system, sanction restrictions, register of unscrupulous suppliers, essential terms of the contract.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Borisova E. R. Contract system of public procurement as a tool for economic development // Bulletin of the Russian University of Cooperation. – 2016. – pp. 21-24.
2. Federal Law No. 44-FZ dated 04/05/2013 (as amended on 02/14/2024) “On the contract system in the field of procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs” (as amended and additionally entered into effective from 03/08/2024).
3. Budget Code of the Russian Federation dated July 31, 1998 No. 145-FZ (as amended on February 26, 2024).
4. Boltinova O. V. Budgetary law: a textbook for master’s degrees. 4th edition, revised. – M.: “NORMA”, “INFRA-M”, 2023.
5. Federal Law No. 124-FZ of April 24, 2020 “On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation on ensuring sustainable economic development in the context of the worsening situation with the spread of the new coronavirus infection.”
6. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated July 4, 2018 No. 783 (as amended on October 15, 2022) “On the write-off of penalties (fines, penalties) accrued to the supplier (contractor, performer) but not written off by the customer in connection with non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of obligations, provided for by the contract” (together with the “Rules for writing off amounts of penalties (fines, penalties) accrued to the supplier (contractor, performer), but not written off by the customer due to non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of obligations under the contract”).
7. Letter of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia dated March 18, 2020 No. IA/21684/20 “On the conditions for the purchase of goods and works from a single supplier during the coronavirus pandemic.”
8. Resolution of the Arbitration Court of the Moscow District dated 07/06/2021 No. F05-14451/2021 in case No. A40-185414/2020.
9. Modernization of civil legislation: collection of materials for the XV Annual Scientific Readings in memory of Professor S. N. Bratus / ed. coll.: V. M. Zhuikov, O. V. Gutnikov, S. A. Sinitsyn, M. L. Shelyutto; Institute of Legislation. and compare. jurisprudence under the Government of the Russian Federation. – Moscow: Statute, 2020.
10. Sabirova L. L., Sabirov M. M. Certain aspects of resolving disputes arising from the execution of state and municipal contracts: statement of the problem // Bulletin of civil process. – 2023. – No. 2. Volume 13. – P. 202-218
11. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 28, 2022 No. 1148 “On changing the essential terms of government contracts, the subject of which is the repair and (or) maintenance of public roads of federal significance, and on amending the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated August 9, 2021. No. 1315″.

CIVIL LAW
ZUBKOVA Mariya Nikolaevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Legal support of economic activities sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Samara State University of Economics
IBRYASHKINA Anastasiya Sergeevna
magister student of the Institute of Law of the Samara State University of Economics
FEATURES OF REGISTRATION OF THE ISSUE OF SECURITIES BY REGISTER-ING ORGANIZATIONS
In the context of the development of a market economy, equity securities play a very important role, since they are not only a legally prescribed way of forming the authorized capital (in the case of joint-stock companies), but also a way to increase the capitalization of an organization. However, the appearance of an equity security is possible only after the implementation of a special procedure provided for by law – the issue. Without carrying out this procedure, it is considered that the security issue has not arisen. At the same time, it should be noted that despite the small amount of scientific research in the field of legal regulation of the securities market, there is insufficient research in the modern legal literature on the issues of legal regulation of the securities issue procedure itself. This article is devoted to the analysis of the specifics of the procedure for issuing securities with the participation of registering organizations.
Keywords: securities, issue of securities, issue of securities, registration organizations.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Arzumanova L. L., Rozhdestvenskaya T. E., Belova L. G., Kostyuk I. V., Rothko S. V., Kholkina M. G., Rogaleva M. A., Timoshenko D. A. Commentary on Feda -Ral Law of April 22, 1996 No. 39-FZ “On the Securities Market” (article-by-article). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: SPS Consultant-Plus. 2020 (Date of access: 02/27/2024).
2. Galkova E. V. Issue of securities under Russian civil law and the law of foreign countries (comparative legal aspect). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.dissercat.com/content/emissiya-tsennykh-bumag-po-rossiiskomu-grazhdanskomu-pravu-i-pravu-zarubezhnykh-stran (Date of access: 02.29.2024).
3. Lanskov D. P. Registration of the issue of securities by the registrar during the establishment of a joint-stock company // Joint-Stock Company. – 2019. – No. 12. – P. 10.

CIVIL LAW
KIYKO Andrey Yurjevich
Ph.D. in Law, Head of the St. Petersburg Order of Zhukov Military Institute of the National Guard Troops of the Russian Federation
ISSUES OF APPLICATION OF PUBLIC LAW NORMS IN RUSSIAN CIVIL (PRIVATE) LAW: TO THE FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM
The article examines trends in the development of the relationship between private and public law, since the Russian legal system is divided into two complementary and interacting components – public law and private law. At the same time, private law regulates property and non-property relations affecting private entities (civil, family, labor law), and public law regulates non-property relations affecting the interests of the state (constitutional, criminal, administrative law). It is concluded that the general trend in the development of private and public law is the tendency of their interpenetration, the depth of which directly depends on the legal policy of the state. It is possible to define the interaction between the private and public subsystems of law as an interaction that serves to achieve the common goal of law – radical modernization and streamlining of an array of intersecting social relations.
Keywords: public law and private law, an array of intersecting social relations, relations affecting the interests of the state, individuals and organizations.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Kharitonova Yu. S. Fundamentals of the division of law into private and public // Education and law. – 2012. – No. 12.
2. Tikhomirov Yu. A. Public law: a textbook for law. fak. and universities. – Moscow: BEK, 1995.
3. Enforcement proceedings: procedural nature and civil principles / Ed. D. Kh. Valeeva, M. Yu. Chelysheva. – M.: Statute, 2007.
4. Chelyshev M. Yu. Interaction of civil and tax law in regulating relations with the participation of entrepreneurs. – M.: Status, 2014.
5. Tkachenko Yu. G. Application of Soviet normsth socialist law. – M.: VYUZI, 1955.
6. Derkach T.V. Private and public law as paired legal categories Author’s abstract. dis. … candidate of legal sciences.
7. Yakovlev V.F. On the interaction of public and private law//Public and private law: problems of development and interaction, legislative expression and legal practice: Conference materials. – Ekaterinburg, 1999.
8. Rayanov F. M. On the issue of the concepts of public and private law // Public and private law: problems of development and interaction, legislative expression and legal practice: Conference Materials. – Ekaterinburg, 1999.
9. Braginsky M.I., Vitryansky V.V. Contract law. Book 1. General Provisions. – M., 1998.

CIVIL LAW
KOSHELYUK Bogdan Evgenjevich
Ph.D. in Law, senior lecturer of Civil law and process sub-faculty of the Institute of the Academy of the FPS of Russia, Ryazan
TARARYSHKINA Irina Sergeevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, Head of Civil law sub-faculty of the S. A. Yesenin Ryazan State University
THE PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF THE CONTRACT OF RETAIL SALE BY REMOTE MEANS
The article analyzes the specifics of the legal regulation of the contract of retail sale by remote means. The paper also analyzes the specifics of the biometric mechanism of customer identification. The author proposes to improve the current legislation in the field of minimizing gaps when including a retail purchase and sale agreement by remote means. Special emphasis is placed on the actual problems accompanying the procedure for including the relevant contract.
Keywords: remote sale of goods, online sales, retail purchase and sale of goods and services, civil law contract.
The simplest bibliography
1. Kiseleva L. Yu. Internet trading and features of its legal regulation // Scientific notes of young researchers. – 2021. – T. 9. No. 3. – P. 22-32.
2. Kochan I.S., Melikyan A.M. Sales and purchase agreement concluded remotely // Krasnodar-2019: Materials of the Xth Interregional Student Legal Olympiad, Krasnodar, December 05-06, 2019 / Edited by A. A. Dolgov, P. V. Kalensky, V. V. Sorokozherdiev. – Krasnodar: ANO “Research Institute of History, Economics and Law”, 2020. – P. 54-70.
3. Lola I. S., Bakeev M. B. Distance trading activity in Russia in the context of COVID-19: regional response to the challenges of the pandemic and the role of the IT segment. – Moscow: National Research University Higher School of Economics, 2021. – 16 p.
4. The Russian Ministry of Finance proposes to license activities for the retail sale of alcoholic beverages via the Internet. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/law/hotdocs/50969.html/ (Date of access: 03/11/2024).
5. Appeal ruling of the Moscow City Court dated 06/04/2021. in case No. 33-16894/15 // SPS Garant.
6. Appeal ruling of the Investigative Committee in civil cases of the Perm Regional Court dated February 10, 2020 in case No. 33-1054/2020 // SPS Garant.
7. Appeal ruling of the Investigative Committee in civil cases of the Smolensk Regional Court dated December 10, 2019 in case No. 33-4104/2019 // SPS Garant.
8. Appeal ruling of the Investigative Committee in civil cases of the Tula Regional Court dated 02/07/2019 in case No. 33-161/2019 // SPS Garant.
9. Blinkova E. V., Koshelyuk B. E. Contract for the supply of goods for state needs: monograph (2nd edition). – M.: Prospekt, 2019. – P. 30.

CIVIL LAW
KUCHAROVA Margarita Prokopjevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of the HAC of Civil law sub-faculty of the Faculty of Law of the Siberian University of Consumer Cooperation, Novosibirsk
PAVLOV Anton Alexandrovich
assistant of Civil law sub-faculty of the Faculty of Law of the Siberian University of Consumer Cooperation, Novosibirsk
ON THE ISSUE OF CONSUMER COOPERATION IN AGRICULTURE
The article examines the historical prerequisites of cooperation in Russia, the concept of the cooperative movement put forward by the economist A. V. Chayanov, its content and essence. The advantages of agricultural production based on cooperation over other forms of farming in rural areas are considered. The current legal support of agricultural cooperatives, opportunities and prospects for their development are investigated, some problems of their creation are identified and the need for the adoption of regulations taking into account the specifics of the agro-industrial complex is justified.
Keywords: forms of agricultural cooperation, formation of agricultural concept, agricultural products.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Chayanov A.V. Organization of cooperative sales, M., 1918. P. 5.
2. Kabanov V.V. October Revolution and Cooperation. M., 1973. P. 5.
3. Kabanov V.V. October revolution and cooperation. M., 1973. P. 10.
4. Kabanov V.V. October revolution and cooperation. M., 1973. P. 15.
5. Chayanov A.V. Basic ideas and forms of organization of agricultural cooperation. M.: Publishing house. Science, 1991. P. 33.
6. Shalmina G. G. Fundamentals of the strategy for the development of regions of Russia // Responsible. ed. Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences A. L. Yanshin. Novosibirsk, NGAEU, 1999. P. 14.
7. Kusharova M. P. History of the formation and development of agrarian legislation of the Soviet and post-Soviet period (historical and legal research), dissertation for the degree of candidate of legal sciences. St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. St. Petersburg, 2006.
8. Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Novosibirsk region for the period until 2030” // Official website of the Government of the NSO. Novosibirsk, 2018.
9. Tkach A.V. Trends and directions of development of the consumer cooperation system // Fundamental and applied studies of the cooperative sector of the economy. 2017. No. 4. Mytishchi, 2017; Petrikov A.V. Agricultural cooperation in Russia: problems and solutions // Fundamental and applied studies of the cooperative sector of the economy. 2017. No. 4. ANOO VO Central Council of the Russian Federation “Russian University of Cooperation”. M., 2017.
10. Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of State Regulation of Trade Activities in the Russian Federation” dated December 28, 2009 No. 381-FZ.
11. Nizhelskaya O. A. Cooperation in Australia and New Zealand // Finance and credit. 2007. No. 2. P. 49. Egorov V. G. Consumer cooperation: modern world experience of development // Bulletin of the Moscow State University of Forestry – Forest Bulletin. 2015. No. 4. Russia, Mytishchi, 2015. P. 119.
12. Strategy for sustainable development of rural areas of the Russian Federation for the period until 2030 // Official website of the Government of the Russian Federation. M., 2017. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://government.ru/docs/16757/

CIVIL LAW
MAGOMEDOVA Tatyana Yurjevna
senior lecturer of Civil law and process sub-faculty of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University
STOROZHEVA Anna Nikolaevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University
DADAYAN Elena Vladimirovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University
ON THE PROCEDURE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDICATORS OF ACHIEVEMENT OF UNIVERSAL COMPETENCIES IN THE BACHELOR’S DEGREE PROGRAM
This article will discuss an algorithm for developing indicators of achievement of universal competencies in a bachelor’s degree program. Indicators show the student what knowledge, skills and abilities need to be acquired in order for a graduate to develop a particular competency in a bachelor’s degree program. The Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education (FSES HE) allowed educational organizations to independently establish indicators for achieving competencies. Establishing indicators for achieving competencies allows an educational organization to adapt the educational work plan for a specific area of training to achieve those goals and objectives that are provided for by the federal educational standard for a specific bachelor’s degree program.
Keywords: educational organization, competencies, universal competencies, indicators of achievement of competencies, professional standard, labor function, labor actions, qualification characteristics, specialist.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Dadayan E. V. On the issue of independent determination by an educational organization of the professional competencies of a graduate of a bachelor’s program in the field of study 40.03.01 jurisprudence // Science and education: experience, problems, development prospects. Materials of the international scientific and practical conference. Volume Part I. – Krasnoyarsk, 2021. – pp. 340-341.
2. Dadayan E.V., Storozheva A.N. On the issue of the qualification characteristics of an expert in the field of procurement // Current issues in the production of forensic examinations and assessment of the results of forensic activities. – Krasnoyarsk, 2021. – pp. 34-36.
3. Dadayan E.V., Silyuk T.Yu., Storozheva A.N. On the issue of determining the professional competencies of students on the basis of professional standards // State accreditation: yesterday, today, tomorrow. A collection of scientific works by employees of the National Accreditation Agency in the field of education and experts in the field of state accreditation of educational institutions and scientific organizations. – Moscow, 2020. – pp. 128-131.

CIVIL LAW
YASTREMSKIY Ivan Anatoljevich
Lawyer of the regional bar association, branch of the Law Firm “Pelevin and Partners”
RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE PLASTIC SURGERY CLINIC UNDER THE CONTRACT FOR THE PROVISION OF PAID MEDICAL SERVICES
The article examines the content of the responsibilities of the plastic surgery clinic under the contract for the provision of plastic surgery services. The duties of the surgeon performing the operation to the patient are given separately. It is revealed that the main duty of the clinic is the obligation to provide the patient personally and within the time period established by the contract with high-quality and professional medical services in compliance with the applicable standards and requirements. It is noted that the plastic surgery clinic does not guarantee in full the result of a specific operation and the scope of medical actions. Analysis of judicial practice shows that the patient must be aware of the risks that plastic surgery entails, and failure to achieve the result of the operation expected by the client does not always mean that the defendant provided a service of proper quality. The actual result depends on the specific clinical situation, the technologies used, and the characteristics of the plaintiff’s body.
Keywords: plastic surgery, contract, services, medical care, operation, standards, clinic, surgeon, patient.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Decision of the Sovetsky District Court of Chelyabinsk dated February 13, 2015 in case No. 2–84/2015. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: sudact.ru.
2. Decision of the Sovetsky District Court of Chelyabinsk dated May 19, 2015 in case No. 2-64/2015. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: sudact.ru.
3. Decision of the Essentuki City Court of the Stavropol Territory dated April 20, 2023 in case No. 2-38/2023. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: sudact.ru.
4. Bogdanova T.V. Protection of the rights of citizens when receiving medical services // Legal world. 2021. No. 4.
5. Deryuga N. N. Terms of the contract for the provision of medical services // Young scientist. 2018. No. 46 (232).
6. Plotnikova A.V. Concept and legal characteristics of a contract for the provision of medical services for a fee. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ponyatie-i-yuridicheskaya-harakteristika-dogovora-vozmezdnogo-okazaniya-meditsinskih-uslug?ysclid=lofxb1veic886839734.
7. Salygina E. S. Contractual regulation of relations in the sphere of providing paid medical services. Ekaterinburg, 2016.
8. Sirotkina A. A. Agreement for the provision of medical services. M.: Statute, 2004.
9. Startsev A. M. Contract for the provision of medical services: the rights of the patient and the corresponding obligations of the performer // Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2017. No. 6.
10. Chereneva V. They began to collect money from clinics for unsuccessful plastic surgeries. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://rg.ru/2020/09/22/reg-szfo/s-klinik-plasticheskoj-hirurgii-nachali-vzyskivat-dengi-za-operacii.html?ysclid=loemoqpded363333453.

CIVIL LAW
AGAMOV Jamaludin Tagirovich
master of the Institute of Law of the Dagestan State University, Makhachkala
THE PROBLEM OF SUBORDINATION OF CLAIMS OF PERSONS CONTROLLING THE DEBTOR IN BANKRUPTCY
The article examines the issue of bringing to subsidiary liability of persons who are not members of the management bodies of a legal entity, giving examples from court practice. The author analyzes the grounds and conditions of bringing such persons to liability, and also considers the problems arising in connection with this issue.
Identifying the individuals subject to secondary liability and ascertaining their culpability stands as a primary challenge. This article posits that accountability should encompass not solely executives and governing body members but also encompass other individuals whose actions or oversights contribute to the company’s bankruptcy.
The article also raises the question of how to determine the degree of guilt of each of the persons held liable and how to distribute liability between them.
Keywords: subsidiary liability, person controlling the debtor, management bodies, bringing to subsidiary liability, debtor’s management.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Institute of insolvency (bankruptcy) in the legal system of Russia and foreign countries: theory and practice of law enforcement: monograph / A. B. Baranova, A. Z. Bobyleva, V. A. Vaipan, etc.; resp. ed. S. A. Karelina, I. V. Frolov. – M.: Justitsinform, 2020. – 360 pp.
2. Egorov A.V. Subordination of affiliated creditors in bankruptcy: an urgent challenge of the time // Economics and life. -2018. – No. 39. – pp. 15-20.
3. Karelina S. A., Frolov I. V. On the issue of classification models for creditors in bankruptcy cases // Bulletin of Arbitration Practice. – 2020. – No. 6.
4. Nikolaev A. R. Legal status of persons controlling the debtor in insolvency (bankruptcy) procedures: Dis. …cand. legal Sci. – M., 2013.
5. Pokrovsky S.S. Subsidiary liability: problems of legal regulation and enforcement // Bulletin of economic justice of the Russian Federation. – 2015. – No. 7.
6. Frolov I.V. Management functions of judicial bodies, their place in the system of state (administrative) management in the sphere of financial recovery, insolvency (bankruptcy) // Bulletin of Tomsk State University. – 2009. – No. 324. – P. 253-256.
7. Frolov I.V. Legal technique for regulating bankruptcy // Business law. – 2013. – No. 2. – P. 11-19.
8. Shaydullin A.I. Features of the participation of creditors associated with the debtor in bankruptcy procedures // Law. – 2020. – No. 9. – P. 57.

CIVIL LAW
GORDYUSHKIN Igor Germanovich
postgraduate student of the 2nd course of the G. V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
INTERGOVERNMENTAL FINANCIAL ORGANIZATIONS AS A SUBJECT OF EXCLUSION FROM COMPETITION
This article examines in detail the activities of intergovernmental financial organizations in the context of their ability to influence the competitive environment in the sector, as well as analyzes the specific role of intergovernmental financial organizations in the modern economic system, with special emphasis on their impact on the competitive environment. The main conclusion was the formulation of recommendations on improving the legal regulation of restrictions on the immunities of international organizations in the interests of ensuring competition and sustainable development of the world economy.
Keywords: financial organization, intergovernmental organizations, financial sector, competition.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Nigmatullina R. A. General agreement on trade in services and its significance // Vestnik UGAES. The science. Education. Economy. Series: Economics. – 2012. – No. 2 (2). – pp. 107-110.
2. Lastovskaya O. A. International intergovernmental organization as a subject of international private law / Under scientific. ed. I. E. Martynenko. – Grodno: GrSU, 2013. – 203 p. ISBN 978-985-515-635-3.
3. Kuzhasheva R. Sh. Legal issues of the activities of international organizations in private law relations of an international nature / Abstract of the Private Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Institute of Economics, Management and Law (Kazan)”. – 2008. – P. 24.
4. Convention on the legal status, privileges and immunities of interstate economic organizations operating in certain areas of cooperation” (Budapest 05.12.1980).
5. Federal Law of July 26, 2006 No. 135-FZ “On the Protection of Competition” “Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation”. – 07/31/2006. – No. 31 (1 hour). – St. 3434.
6. The Constitution of the Russian Federation (adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993, with amendments approved during the all-Russian vote on July 1, 2020). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://pravo.gov.ru, 10/06/2022.
7. Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation dated November 14, 2002 No. 138-FZ // “Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation”. – November 18, 2002. – No. 46. – Art. 4532.
8. Arbitration Procedural Code of the Russian Federation dated July 24, 2002 No. 95-FZ // “Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation”. – 07/29/2002. – No. 30. – Art. 3012.

CIVIL LAW
DROBYSHEVA Alexandra Valerjevna
postgraduate student of the Institute of Public Administration and Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation
LEGAL REGULATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: ON THE ISSUE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF APPLICATION IN RUSSIAN LEGISLATION
The purpose of the study is to analyze the legislative initiatives of the European Union (hereinafter referred to as the EU) for possible use of their individual provisions within the framework of the still emerging narrowly focused legislation in the field of application of artificial intelligence (hereinafter referred to as AI) of the Russian Federation. The article discusses approaches to determining the essential features of AI that affect the content of risks when it is used in various areas of public life, which is advisable for creating special legislation on AI as part of the implementation of the provisions of the National Strategy for the Development of AI until 2030, adopted in the Russian Federation. The results of the study should be considered the conclusion of the author of the article about the need to counter the risks of using AI, for which in the near future it is proposed to introduce the necessary changes and additions to Russian legislation, primarily related to the safety of the use of AI technologies in terms of respecting human and civil rights.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, human rights, legislative system, regulations, law enforcement risks.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Drobysheva A.V. The mechanism for implementing the national code of ethics of artificial intelligence: briefly about the main thing or a year later // Eurasian Legal Journal. – 2022. – No. 9 (172). – pp. 233-235.
2. Legal personality: general theoretical, sectoral and international legal analysis: collection of materials for the XII Annual Scientific Readings in memory of Professor S. N. Bratus / V. F. Yakovlev, T. Ya. Khabrieva, V. K. Andreev, etc.; Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation. – Moscow: Prospekt, 2020. – P. 288-434.

CIVIL LAW
WANG Lu
postgraduate student of the Patrice Lumumba People’s Friendship University of Russia
THE LEGAL BASIS FOR THE ADOPTION OF CHILDREN LEFT WITHOUT PARENTAL CARE IN CHINA
The right of children to a decent life, care and well-being is enshrined in the provisions of the legislation of practically all countries of the world. One of the components of such a right is to provide an opportunity for adoption to children left without parental care.
An analysis of Chinese legislation regulating adoption issues has shown that in the People’s Republic of China there is a rather complex system of legal regulation of relations related to the establishment. Thus, the general rules of adoption are fixed by the provisions of civil legislation, and certain issues of adoption are regulated by normative legal acts regulating issues of child protection, citizenship, entry and exit to the territory of the State, having scope throughout the territory of the People’s Republic of China, as well as normative legal acts of specific regions of the country, where additional conditions of adoption may be contained.
In the People’s Republic of China, there are restrictions for both potential adoptees and potential adoptive parents. There are also age restrictions on the adopted child, which may vary depending on the region. It is also worth noting that the adoption process in China can be long and difficult due to the large number of applications and the limited number of children available for adoption. In addition, adoption in the PRC may be limited by the national origin of the adoptive parents.
This specificity of the Chinese system of adoption of children left without parental care is due to the need to ensure the safety and well-being of children, as well as to preserve the cultural and ethnic identity of children.
Keywords: adoption of children, guardianship, guardianship, duties of adoptive parents, protection and upbringing
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Akhmedov K.K. Ogly, Ivantsov S.A. Comparative legal characteristics of the institution of adoption in the Russian Federation and China // Legal science. 2023. No. 1. P. 118-121.
2. Wang E. China’s demographic policy at the beginning of the 21st century // The present and future of the family in a changing world / Ed. N. Rimashevskaya. 2015. M.: Ekon-Inform: 303-310.
3. Kupriyanova Yu. A., Yanishevskaya A. I. New demographic policy in China: “One family – two children” // Demographic Review. 2017. No. 2. P. 53-64.
4. Musman K. A. Basic aspects of regulating the practice of adoption in Russia and in the countries of the European Union // Eurasian Advocacy. 2017. No. 3 (28). pp. 68-71.
5. Sagalaeva E. S., Ivakhnenko S. N. On some aspects of the implementation of the child’s right to live and be raised in a family // Law and Law. 2024. No. 1. P. 121-124.
6. Khakonova I. B. Specific features of adoption in the legislation of Japan and China // Bulletin of the Adygea State University. Series: Regional studies: philosophy, history, sociology, jurisprudence, political science, cultural studies. 2015. No. 4 (167). pp. 185-190.
7. Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Minors. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://ru.chinajusticeobserver.com/law/x/family-education-promotion-law-of-china-20211023/chn (accessed 02/07/2024).
8. Law of the People’s Republic of China on citizenship. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://chinalaw.center/constitutional_law/china_citizenship_law_1980_russian/?ysclid=lsf0txlamt766644689 (accessed 02/07/2024).
9. Law of the People’s Republic of China on exit and entry. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://ru.chinajusticeobserver.com/law/x/exit-and-entry-administration-law-of-china-20120630?ysclid=lsf0qyij6y771845969 (accessed 02/07/2024).
10. Chinese Civil Code: Book V Marriage and Family (2020). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://ru.chinajusticeobserver.com/law/x/civil-code-of-china-part-v-marriage-and-family-20200528?ysclid=lsc08tcbmj387662544 (accessed 02/07/2024) .

CIVIL LAW
NEMAYA Svetlana Yurjevna
competitor at Civil law sub-faculty of the O. E. Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)
THE INSTITUTION OF SUBORDINATION OF CLAIMS IN RUSSIAN CIVIL LAW
The subject of the research paper is the legal institution of subordination of creditors’ claims in Russian civil law. As a result of the analysis, the author came to the conclusion that the subordination of claims serves as a means of resolving the actual collision of rights of claims among creditors against a common debtor, which arises in the objective conditions of limited economic resources of the the latter. The author examined the norms comprising the institution of subordination of creditors’ claims, as well as the features of legal regulation of the relevant relations, and raised the question about the advisability of systematizing such norms, consolidating them into a single legal concept.
Keywords: institution of subordination of claims, priority of satisfaction of creditors’ claims, collision of rights of creditors’ claims, contractual subordination, intercreditor agreement.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Sobolev S.I. Conflict of rules on the priority of fulfillment of obligations by a debtor in favor of several creditors and ways to resolve it // Law. – 2020. – No. 6. – P. 45-63 // SPS “ConsultantPlus”.
2. Tyazhbin M.D. Agreement of creditors of one debtor on subordination in the system of private law // Bulletin of Civil Law. – 2021. – No. 3. – P. 7-107 // SPS “ConsultantPlus”.
3. Burkova A. Yu. Some legal concepts not known to Russian law // Law and Economics. – 2012. – No. 5. – P. 14-20.
4. Sobolev S.I. Determination of the seniority of pledges in the context of the rules on the priority of fulfillment of obligations by the debtor in favor of several creditors and related institutions // Bulletin of Economic Justice of the Russian Federation. – 2020. – No. 6. – P. 100-125.

CIVIL LAW
SELIMOVA Elizaveta Ramidinovna
magister student of the 2nd year of full-time education, Training profile: “Problems of civil and arbitration procedural law” of Civil process sub-faculty of the Dagestan State University, Makhachkala
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF PERSONS INVOLVED IN THE CASE IN CIVIL AND ARBITRATION PROCEEDINGS
This article examines one of the main issues of the civil procedure – the legal status of the participants in the trial. The issues of the concept of persons involved in the case and their legal status were raised. A comparative description of the participants in the judicial process in various civil law processes is given, and possible changes that can be made to the Civil Procedure Code and the Arbitration Procedure Code are proposed. The purpose of the work: to identify existing problems of the legal status of participants in civil and arbitration proceedings; to find out what problems exist in the Law on Civil and Arbitration Proceedings.
Keywords: legal status; persons involved in the case; parties, third parties, recoverer, debtor, judicial representative.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Artebyakina N. A. Theoretical and practical problems of the institution of persons involved in the case: dis. …cand. legal Sci. – Saratov, 2020. – P. 182.
2. Diordieva O. N. Civil procedural law. – M.: Publishing house. EAOI Center, 2018. – P. 284.
3. Opalich E. V. Problems of specifying the status of individual participants in civil procedural legal relations // Arbitration and civil process. – 2020. – No. 6. – P. 11-14.
4. Afanasyev S. A., Baulin O. V., Lukyanov I. N. and others. Course of evidence law: Civil process. Arbitration process. Administrative proceedings / Ed. M. A. Fokina. 2nd ed., revised. and additional – M.: Statute, 2019. – P. 142.
5. Dedyueva M.V. Controversial issues of judicial practice of consideration by the appellate instance of civil cases according to the rules of proceedings in the court of first instance // Russian Judge. – 2019. – No. 6. – P. 27.

CIVIL LAW
SAFRONOVA Ekaterina Mikhaylovna
master of the master’s program “Legal regulation of insolvency (bankruptcy)” of the Law Faculty of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
ON SOME PECULIARITIES OF DISTRIBUTION OF SPOUSES’ SHARES AFTER REALIZATION OF JOINT PROPERTY IN BANKRUPTCY PROCEEDINGS
Within the framework of the ongoing research several procedural mechanisms of protection of property rights of the debtor’s spouse during the distribution of money proceeds from the realization of joint property of spouses have been identified. The assessment of these mechanisms for their effectiveness and applicability in a particular case is formulated. The author substantiates the position that the distribution of these funds should be controlled by the debtor’s spouse and the arbitration court. The author formulates the cases in which the reduction of the spouse’s share in the money proceeds from the sale of common property will be reasonable and not subject to challenge. In addition, the article offers arguments for the legal position of the debtor’s spouse challenging the order of distribution of funds from the sale of joint property of the spouses.
Keywords: expenses in insolvency (bankruptcy) case, joint property of spouses, remuneration of financeial manager, share in joint property, bankruptcy estate, distribution of funds, debtor’s spouse.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Goloviznin A.V., Zablotsky S.S. On the problem of challenging suspicious transactions of the debtor // Laws of Russia: experience, analysis, practice. 2011. No. 7. P. 31-36.
2. Eliseev N. G. Procedural agreement. M., 2015. P. 42.
3. Matskevich P. N. On the effect of the property of prejudiciality of a court decision when considering issues of inclusion in the register of creditors’ claims within the framework of bankruptcy proceedings // Current problems of Russian law. 2017. No. 5. P. 198-206.
4. Frolov I.V. On the formation of an effective model of joint bankruptcy of spouses in Russian jurisdiction // Law and Economics. 2022. No. 1. P. 24-31.
5. Kholodenko Yu. V., Berdnikov S. S. Changing the regime of spouses’ property in bankruptcy proceedings // Family and housing law. 2021. No. 1. P. 34-38.
6. Shvarts M.Z. On the issue of the limits of bindingness of judicial acts that have entered into legal force // Bulletin of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation. 2009. No. 3. P. 97.
7. Shevchenko I.M. Some issues of foreclosure on the property of spouses-co-mortgagors in bankruptcy cases // Russian Judge. 2020. No. 6. P. 4.
8. Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated December 25, 2018 No. 48 “On some issues related to the peculiarities of the formation and distribution of the bankruptcy estate in cases of bankruptcy of citizens” // Bulletin of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. 2019. No. 2.
9. Ruling of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated September 22, 2020 No. 302-ES17-20825(9) in case No. A33-10715/2016 // The document was not published. Source – SPS “Consultant Plus”.
10. Resolution of the Third Arbitration Court of Appeal dated May 26, 2020 in case No. A33-10715/2016k44 // The document was not published. Source – SPS “Consultant Plus”.
11. Resolution of the Arbitration Court of the Penza Region dated April 27, 2020 in case No. A49-9546/2019, Resolution of the Arbitration Court of the Volga-Vyatka District dated December 3, 2018 No. F01-4752/2018 in case No. A11-11652/2015 // Documents not published were. Source – SPS “Consultant Plus”.
12. Resolution of the Seventeenth Arbitration Court of Appeal dated September 25, 2020 in case No. A60-14266/2017 // The document was not published. Source – SPS “Consultant Plus”.
13. Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated June 22, 2012 No. 35 “On some procedural issues related to the consideration of bankruptcy cases” // Bulletin of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation, No. 8, August 2012.
14. Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated July 18, 2014 No. 50 “On the reconciliation of the parties in the arbitration process” // Solidarity, No. 28, 06 – 08.13.2014.
15. Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated December 23, 2010 No. 63 “On some issues related to the application of Chapter III.1 of the Federal Law “On Insolvency (Bankruptcy)” (as amended on October 23, 2010) // Bulletin of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation, No. 3, March, 2011.
16. Resolution of the Arbitration Court of the Moscow District dated November 24, 2020 No. F05-12840/2019 in case No. A40-69663/2017 // Documents were not published. Source of publication – SPS “Consultant Plus”.
17. Federal Law of October 2, 2007 No. 229-FZ “On Enforcement Proceedings” // SZ RF. 2007. No. 41. Art. 4849.
18. Resolution of the Eleventh Arbitration Court of Appeal dated May 29, 2023 No. 11AP-3360/2023, 11AP-4349/2023 in case No. A55-7565/2016 // The document was not published. Source of publication – SPS “Consultant Plus”.
19. Ruling of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated March 20, 2023 No. 305-ES23-1302 in case No. A40-137816/2018 // The document was not published. Source – SPS “Consultant Plus”.
20. Ruling of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated July 29, 2022 No. 306-ES21-27056(5) in case No. A65-31278/2019, Resolution of the Arbitration Court of the North-Western District dated May 10, 2023 No. F07-3372/2023 in case No. A56- 4073/2016.
21. Resolution of the Arbitration Court of the Moscow District dated September 19, 2022 No. F05-20709/2022 in case No. A40-17226/2020, Resolution of the Twentieth Arbitration Court of Appeal dated November 18, 2021 No. 20AP-7423/2021, 20AP-7435/2021 in case No. A62-2078/2019 // Documents were not published. Source – SPS “Consultant Plus”.
22. Resolution of the Arbitration Court of the Far Eastern District dated March 15, 2022 No. F03-748/2022 in case No. A73-22298/2019 The document was not published. Source – SPS Consultant Plus.

CIVIL LAW
TELNOV Alexey Vladimirovich
Ph.D. in Law, Chief Legal Adviser of the Sberbank Factoring LLC
PECULIARITIES OF LEGAL REGULATION BY FRENCH LEGISLATION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS IN THE FIELD OF PROTECTION AGAINST DEFAMATION OF THE REPUTATION OF BODIES AND PERSONS ACTING ON BEHALF AND IN THE INTERESTS OF THE STATE, AND THE IMPACT OF THESE RELATIONS ON THE REPUTATION OF THE STATE
The article analyzes French legislation, which contains the ability of bodies and persons acting on behalf and in the interests of the state to protect their reputation from defamation (from the dissemination of untrue defamatory information). The definition of defamation is analyzed; methods of committing defamation; special rules on liability for defamation in relation to bodies and persons acting on behalf and in the interests of the state; immunities from liability for defamation; procedural issues that are resolved by subjects affected by defamation in order to initiate the protection of their intrinsic benefits and rights from defamation. It is suggested that the goal of the French legislator, who provided special rules for violating the rights of bodies and persons acting on behalf and in the interests of the state from defamation and introduced additional liability for violators for their actions, is not only to protect honor, dignity, reputation of these specifically mentioned entities, but also, as a consequence, to protect the reputation of France, because defamation, when committed against bodies and persons acting on behalf and in the interests of the state, damages not only such entities , but also the reputation of France as a whole.
Keywords: defamation, France, the state, bodies and persons acting on behalf and in the interests of the state, protection of civil rights, intrinsic benefits, reputation.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Alekseev S.S. Civil Code of France and prospects for the development of private law in Russia. – Ekaterinburg: Polygraphist, 2000. – pp. 14-15, 17.
2. Golubtsov V. G. System and legal status of bodies acting on behalf of the state in private law relations in the legislation of foreign countries // Bulletin of Perm University. Legal sciences. – 2013. – Issue. 4 (22). – P. 151.
3. Podmarev A. A. Comparative analysis of the constitutional regulation of restrictions on the rights and freedoms of man and citizen in legal systems and families // Bulletin of the Russian Peoples’ Friendship University. Series: Legal sciences. – 2014. – No. 1. – P. 138.
4. Rybakov V.V., Arkhipov S.V. Typology of legal entities of public law in foreign legislation // Agrarian and land law. – 2023. – No. 7 (223). – P. 88. http://doi.org/10.47643/1815-1329_2023_7_86.
5. Fontier Remy. La diffamation, l’outrage et l’injure: définitions et exemples concernant les agents publics, associations et syndicats // Journal du droit des jeunes. – 2004. – Vol. 231. No. 1. – R. 19.
6. Zoller E. La liberté d’expression aux États-Unis et en Europe. – Paris: Dalloz, 2008. – 230 p.

CIVIL LAW
YASTREMSKIY Ivan Anatoljevich
Lawyer of the regional bar association, branch of the Law Firm “Pelevin and Partners”
THE RIGHTS OF A PLASTIC SURGERY CLINIC UNDER A CONTRACT FOR THE PROVISION OF PAID MEDICAL SERVICES
The article describes the rights of the clinic under the contract for the provision of services for plastic surgery. The content of the contract for the provision of paid services is disclosed. It is noted that the basic rights of the plastic surgery clinic under the contract under consideration are the right to receive remuneration for their services rendered properly, and the right to demand its payment by the client. The right of the performer is the ability to independently determine the nature and scope of treatment and necessary manipulations. It was revealed that the clinic has the right to demand from the client for the proper fulfillment of obligations under the contract. The possible reasons for the clinic’s refusal to perform the operation to the client are given.
Keywords: plastic surgery, contract, medical services, operation, contractor, clinic, client, patient, surgeon
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Gadzhiev R.G. Selected problems of execution of a contract for the provision of medical services // Forum of young scientists. 2021. No. 1 (53). pp. 56-60.
2. Deryuga N. N. Terms of the contract for the provision of medical services // Young scientist. 2018. No. 46 (232).
3. Zavedeeva L. E. On the issue of the contract for the provision of paid services. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/k-voprosu-o-dogovore-vozmezdnogo-okazaniya-uslug?ysclid=lnq9de4btu724395385.
4. Logunov S.V. Agreement on the provision of paid medical services: content, structure, features // Notes of a scientist. 2022. No. 3-1. pp. 345-348.
5. Salygina E. S. Contractual regulation of relations in the sphere of providing paid medical services. Ekaterinburg, 2016.
6. Startsev A. M. Agreement for the provision of medical services: the rights of the patient and the corresponding obligations of the performer // Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2017. No. 6.
7. Usik T. Yu., Prisada V. S. Current issues of fulfillment of obligations from contracts for the provision of paid medical services // Sustainable development of science and education.2018. No. 8. P. 127-134.

CIVIL PROCEDURE
AKHMETZYANOVA Gulnara Nafisovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Civil process law sub-faculty of the Russian State University of Justice, Kazan
SALAKHOVA Gulnaz Ildarovna
student of the 3rd course of the Faculty of Law of the Russian State University of Justice, Kazan
LEGAL REPRESENTATION IN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS
This article examines the role of legal representation in civil proceedings. The authors analyzes the importance of a lawyer as a professional who provides legal protection of the interests of the parties in civil proceedings. Special attention is paid to the functions, powers and responsibilities of a lawyer in civil proceedings, as well as its impact on ensuring fairness and effectiveness of civil cases.
Keywords: lawyer, civil procedure, representation, protection of interests, legislation, judicial proceedings, justice.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Davydova Yu. I. “Legal regulation of representation in civil legal relations under the legislation of the Russian Federation” // Young scientists of the Russian Federation. – 2024. – No. 1. – P. 3-10.
2. Medvedeva E. V. “Representation in civil proceedings” // International Journal of Humanities and Natural Sciences. – 2023. – No. 5-3 (80). – pp. 34-37.
3. Muzurova Yu. V. “Fundamentals of lawyer representation in civil proceedings” // Interactive science. – 2022. – No. 8 (73). – pp. 101-102.
4. Ogneva E. A., Gavrilyev A. S. Advocacy in the system of providing free legal assistance in modern Russia: current aspects // Universum: economics and jurisprudence. – 2024. – No. 1(111). – pp. 51-53.
5. Review of judicial practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 2 (2015) (approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on June 26, 2015) // Bulletin of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. – 2015. – No. 10.
6. Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated January 23, 2007 No. 1-P “In the case of verifying the constitutionality of the provisions of paragraph 1 of Article 779 and paragraph 1 of Article 781 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation in connection with complaints from the limited liability company “Corporate Security Agency” and citizen B . V. Makeeva” // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. – 2007. – No. 6. – Art. 828.
7. Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated 02/04/2014 No. 16291/10 in case No. A40-91883/08-61-820 // Bulletin of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation. – 2014. – No. 6.

CIVIL PROCEDURE
VAIMAN Arkady Borisovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of the Kazan branch of the Russian State University of Justice
AKHMETZYANOVA Liliya Aidarovna
student of the 3rd course of the Faculty of Law of the Kazan branch of the Russian State University of Justice
SCREENSHOT AS EVIDENCE IN CIVIL PROCEEDING
This article is devoted to the consideration of the use of screenshots as evidence in civil proceedings. Due to the growing dependence on digital platforms and the proliferation of online interaction, the use of screenshots as a special type of evidence is becoming increasingly relevant. Screenshots are a digital copy of an image displayed on a device screen at a specific date and time. As a result of the study, the main problems and prospects for the development of screenshots in civil proceedings were identified, as well as recommendations for improving the legal regulation of this area were proposed.
Keywords: screenshot; electronic evidence; written evidence; notarization.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Belyaeva M. S. Using a screenshot as evidence in civil proceedings as a means of increasing the accessibility of justice // Legal Bulletin. – 2021. – No. 7.
2. Gulyaeva V. A., Silaeva S. S. Use of screenshots when proving in civil proceedings in the Russian Federation // Legal science. – 2023. – No. 5.
3. Gubina E. N., Bessonova T. V., Kasyanov M. R. Admissibility of electronic correspondence in civil proceedings // VEPS. – 2018. – No. 4.
4. Ivanova E. V. Screenshot – digital opportunity in the process of proof: problematic aspects // Law and State: Theory and Practice. – 2019. – No. 12 (180).

CIVIL PROCEDURE
GALIULLIN Artur Radikovich
Judge of the Vahitovsky District Court of Kazan
DISPUTES ABOUT DETERMINATION OF THE CHILD’S PLACE OF RESIDENCE AND ABOUT ESTABLISHING THE ORDER OF COMMUNICATION WITH HIM
This research is aimed at researching the sources of the law and scientific literature, which are devoted to the issues of determination of the child’s place of residence and establishing the order of communication with him.
The result of the research is to identify existing problems, as well as propose ways to eliminate them. These results can be applied both in law enforcement practice and in legislative activity.
The novelty of the research conducted is that the author has examined this problem from the respective of the relevant judicial practice and scientific literature and has suggested his own solutions to existing problems.
So, the main conclusions are:
-there is an unofficial principle of the maternal raising precedence;
-there are problems of interaction between the court and foreign agencies of tutorship and guardianship;
-there is a gap in determining a minimal amount of time communicating with a child. That is why the author concludes that it is necessary to establish the minimal amount of time for it.
Keywords: family law, children’s place of residence, dispute between parents, exercise of parental rights, the order of communication with the child.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Ablyatipova N.A., Gorbachauskas E.S. System of criteria for determining the place of residence of a child when parents live separately // Colloquium-Journal. – 2019. – No. 28-10 (52). – pp. 58-61.
2. Velieva F.Z. Problems of execution of court decisions in cases of determining the place of residence of a child // Law and Law. – 2021. – No. 9. – P. 61-62.
3. Zykov S.V. Parental rights to determine the child’s place of residence and the order of communication with him: problems of theory and practice / S.V. Zykov // Current problems of Russian law. – 2022. – T. 17. No. 3 (136). – pp. 75-83.
4. Telegina A.V. Determining the place of residence of a child according to the legislation of the Russian Federation // Modern Science. – 2021. – No. 10-2. – pp. 151-154.
5. Shirshov R.V. Determining the place of residence of a child when parents live separately // Law. Right. State. – 2019. – No. 2 (22). – pp. 199-202.
6. Shiryaev V. A. Liberalism in Russian family law // Family and housing law. – 2022. – No. 2. – P. 21-24.

CIVIL PROCEDURE
GLEBOVA Ekaterina Viktorovna
Ph.D. in Law, Deputy Head of Civil law disciplines sub-faculty of the Samara Institute of law of the FPS of Russia
PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF APPLICATION OF PROPERTY IMMUNITY IN ENFORCEMENT PROCEEDINGS
Property immunity is of great social significance, as it is aimed at protecting the basic necessities of life of citizens. In conditions where economic instability may lead to an increase in the number of debtors, the importance of such an instrument as property immunity increases. It prevents a critical deterioration in the living standards of debtors by preserving the minimum necessary conditions for their existence.
In the context of respect for human rights and guarantees provided by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, property immunity serves as an important means of ensuring the right to a decent life. The relevance of the issue is also due to the difficulty of achieving a balance between the rights and interests of creditors and debtors. On the one hand, it is necessary to ensure effective mechanisms for debt collection, on the other hand, it is important to prevent excessive restrictions on debtors, which may lead to social injustice and violation of their fundamental rights.
The economic aspect also plays an important role. In the context of economic difficulties and increasing levels of debt of the population, the importance of protecting a minimum level of income and assets to maintain stability and prevent social discontent increases.
The relevance of the topic is also strengthened by the problematics in the legal regulation of property immunity. The need to clarify and supplement legislative norms, eliminate ambiguities and gaps in the law makes the issue relevant for legal science and practice.
Keywords: property immunity, enforcement proceedings, creditor, debtor, debtor’s bad faith, law enforcement.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. On mortgage (real estate pledge): Federal Law (as amended on October 20, 2022 No. 409-FZ) // Official Internet portal of legal information. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: www.pravo.gov.ru (access date 01/20/2024).
2. Golovushkina N.V. Limits of property (executive) immunity of a single dwelling: from luxury to minimum standards of provision // Bulletin of the Volga University named after. V. N. Tatishcheva. – 2022. – T. 1. No. 3 (102). – P. 192.
3. Gritsenko S.S. On the issue of the limits of executive immunity in relation to the only housing // Law and Economics. – 2022. – No. 6 (412). – P. 31.
4. Determination of the Arbitration Court of the Yaroslavl Region dated July 19, 2022 in case No. A82-25951/2017 // SPS“Consultant Plus” (date of access: 01/20/2024).
5. Resolutions of the Arbitration Court of the West Siberian District dated January 12, 2023 No. F04-8165/2021 in case No. A03-3983/2021, the Ninth Arbitration Court of Appeal dated February 15, 2023 No. 09AP-60735/2022 in case No. A40-181643/2018 // SPS “Consultant Plus” (date of access: 01/20/2024).
6. Resolution of the Arbitration Court of the Moscow District dated September 15, 2022 No. F05-20771/2022 in case No. A41-19407/2021 // ATP “Consultant Plus” (date of appeal 01/20/2024).
7. Resolution of the Arbitration Court of the North Caucasus District dated September 19, 2022 No. F08-9359/2022 in case No. A53-16947/2019 // ATP “Consultant Plus” (date of appeal 01/20/2024).
8. Resolution of the Arbitration Court of the Ural District dated 03/02/2022 No. F09-77/22 in case No. A60-38930/2019 // ATP “Consultant Plus” (date of appeal 01/20/2024).

CIVIL PROCEDURE
ISLAMOVA Kamlya Firdinantovna
student of the Kazan branch of the Russian University of Justice
VORONTSOVA Irina Viktorovna
Ph.D. in Law, Head of Civil process law sub-faculty of the Kazan branch of the Russian University of Justice
ISSUES OF PROPER NOTIFICATION OF PARTICIPANTS IN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS (INCLUDING FOREIGN CITIZENS)
This article is devoted to the analysis of one of the aspects of civil proceedings – correct and proper notification of participants in the process. The article discusses issues related to the requirements for the form and methods of notifying the parties, the consequences of proper or improper notification and the possibility of appeal. The study analyzes the legal framework of the Russian Federation, the texts of publications and scientific research by Russian authors, and analyzes judicial practice on issues of proper notification of participants in the process.
Keywords: court, legal proceedings, trial, notification, participants in legal proceedings, law and order.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Constitution of the Russian Federation (adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993, with amendments approved during the all-Russian vote on July 1, 2020) Legal reference system “ConsultantPlus”
2. Federal constitutional law of December 31, 1996 No. 1-FKZ (as amended on April 16, 2022) “On the judicial system of the Russian Federation” (as amended and supplemented, entered into force on January 1, 2023) // Legal reference “ConsultantPlus” system
3. Arbitration Procedural Code of the Russian Federation dated July 24, 2002 No. 95-FZ (as amended on December 25, 2023) (as amended and supplemented, entered into force on January 5, 2024) // Reference and legal system “ConsultantPlus”
4. Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation dated November 14, 2002 No. 138-FZ (as amended on December 25, 2023, as amended on January 25, 2024) // Reference and legal system “ConsultantPlus”
5. Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Part 1 dated November 30, 1994 No. 51-FZ (as amended on July 24, 2023) // Legal reference system “ConsultantPlus”
6. Kucherova D. A., Levchenko V. E. The problem of notifying participants in civil proceedings // Eurasian Union of Scientists. – 2014. – No. 7-5. – pp. 93-95.
7. Loshkarev A.V., Fadeev A.V., Fedyakina A.G. The problem of notifying persons participating in civil proceedings // International Journal of Humanities and Natural Sciences. – 2020. – No. 1-2. – pp. 190-193.
8. Makunina M. A. Problems of notifying foreign persons in civil proceedings // Bulletin of the Saratov State Law Academy. – 2016. – No. 1 (108). – pp. 145-149.
9. Yatsenko A. O., Beselman I. V. Timely notification of participants in civil proceedings: questions of theory and practice // Questions of Russian justice. – 2023. – No. 26. – P. 550-562.
10. Great Russian Encyclopedia. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://bigenc.ru/c/sudoproizvodstvo-5ed099 (Date of access: 03/08/2024).
11. Information and legal portal Pravo.ru. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://pravo.ru/ (Date of access: 03/08/2024).
12. The concept of judicial notice and summons. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://conf.siblu.ru/ponyatie-sudebnogo-izveshcheniya-i-vyzova (Access date: 03/08/2024).

CIVIL PROCEDURE
KOLESNIKOVA Marianna Mikhaylovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil process law sub-faculty of the North-Western branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Saint-Petersburg
SOME FEATURES OF PROTECTING CONSUMER RIGHTS IN COURT
The article discusses the issues of determining the jurisdiction of cases on the protection of consumer rights, determines the scope of legal regulation of these legal relations, determines the algorithm of legal actions of the consumer in case of violation of his rights, analyzes the legal positions at the stageof initiating and preparing the case for the court hearing. The author argues that an interview as an element of preparation seems very appropriate, since it allows one to establish the subject of proof, determine the sufficiency of evidence and the composition of the persons participating in the case, and also make it possible to reconcile the parties.
Keywords: civil process, jurisdiction, protection of consumer rights, preparing a case for a court hearing, interview.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Law of the Russian Federation “On the Protection of Consumer Rights” dated 02/07/1992 No. 2300-1 (as amended on 08/04/2023) // Gazette of the Congress of People’s Deputies of the Russian Federation and the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation. – 1992. – No. 15. – Art. 766.
2. Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation “On the consideration by courts of civil cases in disputes regarding the protection of consumer rights” dated June 28, 2012 No. 17 // Bulletin of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. – 2012. – No. 9.
3. Federal Law “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation” dated November 28, 2018 No. 451-FZ (as amended on October 17, 2019) // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. – 2018. – No. 49 (part I). – St. 7523.
4. Klabukov I. S. Features of the jurisdiction of cases related to the protection of consumer rights // Current problems of the humanities and natural sciences. – 2021. – No. 5. – P. 63-67.
5. Eliseev N. G. Contract law. Agreement on jurisdiction, international jurisdiction, conciliation procedure, arbitration (arbitration) and settlement agreement: monograph. – M.: Statute, 2008. – P. 35-39.
6. Gafarova E. A. Some aspects of the implementation of the consumer right to judicial protection in the Russian Federation // Alley of Science. – 2018. –T. 2. No. 9 (25). – pp. 660-664.
7. Article-by-article commentary to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation / Ed. P. V. Krashennikova. – M.: Statute, 2012.
8. Mitrofanov A.V. Features of the procedural consideration of the case on the protection of consumer rights // Bulletin of Science, 2019. – T. 2. No. 6 (15). – pp. 47-48.
9. Appeal ruling of the Ryazan Regional Court No. 33-1758/2017 dated August 2, 2017 [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://sudrf.ru (Date of access: 02/18/2024).
10. Mukhametgalieva M. N. Procedural aspects of consumer rights protection // Bulletin of Science. – 2019. – T. 3. No. 6 (15). – pp. 147-150.
11. Egina A. I. Procedural features of consideration of cases regarding violation of the rights and interests of consumers // In the collection: Generation of the Future: View of young scientists – 2019. Collection of scientific articles of the 8th International Youth Scientific Conference. In 6 volumes. Executive editor A. A. Gorokhov. Volume 5. South-West. state University, A. A. Gorokhov. – Kursk: JSC University Book, 2019. – pp. 32-35.
12. Klabukov I. S. Features of the stage of preparing a case related to the protection of consumer rights in court // Alley of Science. – 2021. – T. 5. No. 11 (27). – pp. 557-562.

CIVIL PROCEDURE
OREKHOV Kirill Gennadjevich
postgraduate student of the 2nd year of study of the Faculty of Law of the St. Petersburg State University
TO THE ISSUE OF THE MANIFESTATION OF THE IN REM ELEMENT OF PLEDGE IN ENFORCEMENT PROCEEDINGS
The article raises questions about what measures can be taken by a bailiff-executor in order to prevent on pledged property alienated to a third party at the stage of enforcement proceedings, taking into account the “subjectivity” of enforcement proceedings and the ” objectivity” of pledge legal relations, attempts to define the relevant measures, analyzes the mutual influence of procedural institutions and substantive legal categories at the stage of forced implementation of the protected right of the pledgee to obtain satisfaction. The relevance of the article is determined by the absence of doctrinal studies of the mentioned problems, heterogeneity of practice: trying to use civil law tools, courts face procedural problems, and vice versa.
Keywords: enforcement proceedings, principle of specialty, property of succession, “in rem” element of pledge at the stage of enforcement proceedings, conflict of substantive and procedural law, measures of bailiff-executor on foreclosure on pledged property.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Gribanov V.P. Implementation and protection of civil rights [Electronic resource]. – ed. 2nd, stereotype – M.: “Statut”, 2001. – 411 p. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://civil.consultant.ru/elib/books/1/ (access date 02/16/2024).
2. Drabanich A. V. Legal significance of the procedural formalization of singular material succession: a brief commentary on judicial practice // Arbitration and civil process. – 2013. – No. 3. P. 16-21; No. 4. – pp. 21-25.
3. Zeider N. B. Judgment in civil casesu. – M.: Legal. lit., 1966. – 191 pp.
4. Commentary on the Arbitration Procedural Code of the Russian Federation / Ed. P. V. Krasheninnikova. – M.: Statute, 2007. – 1135 p.
5. Sablin M. T. Debt collection: from prevention to coercion: a practical guide to managing receivables. – M.: Wolters Kluwer, 2011.

CIVIL PROCEDURE
ORLOVA Alexandra Ivanovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University
EVIDENTIARY VALUE OF THE OUT-OF-COURT EXPERT OPINION IN DISPUTES ARISING FROM A CONTRACTOR AGREEMENT
The article discusses the problem of assessing the admissibility and reliability of the conclusion of an out-of-court examination in the consideration of disputes in the field of contractual relations by arbitration courts. The author notes that although the conclusion of an out-of-court examination is recognized by judicial practice and theory as one of the types of evidence, nevertheless, in the practice of courts there is an approach on the inadmissibility of such evidence in disputes over the shortcomings of the work performed. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that there are no legal grounds for excluding the conclusion of an out-of-court examination from the list of admissible evidence, provided that the procedural opponent is given the unconditional right to apply for the appointment of a forensic examination and the court has an obligation corresponding to this right to appoint it.
Keywords: evidence, expert opinion, out-of-court examination, contractor agreement, quality of work.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Khlustov P.V. Extrajudicial examination in civil and arbitration processes // Consultant Plus: Comments on legislation.
2. Kamenkov M.V. Procedural status of extrajudicial expert opinions // Law. – 2014. – No. 9. – P. 150-155.
3. Boriskina N. I. Other documents and materials as evidence in civil proceedings // Russian legal journal. – 2018. – No. 3. – P. 113-119.
4. Sakhnova T.V. Forensic examination. – M.: Gorodets, 1999. – 365 pp.
5. Vladimirov L. E. The doctrine of criminal evidence. – St. Petersburg, 1910. – 400 p.

CIVIL PROCEDURE
ORUDZHEVA Dina Samirovna
student of the Kazan branch of the Russian University of Justice
FORENSIC PSYCHIATRIC EXAMINATION IN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS
The article analyzes the theoretical aspects of the conduct and purpose, goals and objectives of forensic psychiatric examination. The classification of forensic examinations in civil proceedings has been studied, and an analysis of some statistical indicators related to the number of forensic psychiatric examinations has been provided, identified mental disorders have been examined, and quantitative indicators have been studied on the composition of persons who have undergone a special assessment in connection with resolving issues of legal capacity and transaction capacity.
Keywords: forensic psychiatric examination, forensic psychiatric service, expert, mental disorders, insanity, legal capacity, legal capacity.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation dated November 14, 2002 No. 138-FZ (as amended on December 25, 2023, as amended on January 25, 2024) // Reference and legal system “ConsultantPlus”
2. Makushkin E.V., Mokhonko A.R., Mugantseva L.A. Forensic psychiatric expert service of the Russian Federation in 2016 (based on materials from industry statistical reports of the Ministry of Health of Russia) // Russian Psychiatric Journal. – 2017. – No. 5. – P. 4-15.
3. Nizovtseva Yu. A., Grigorieva A. V. Forensic psychiatric examination in civil proceedings // International Journal of Humanities and Natural Sciences. – 2021. – No. 3-1. – pp. 226-228.
4. Pankov N. S. Features of forensic psychiatric examination in civil proceedings // Questions of Russian Justice. – 2021. – No. 16. – P. 499-505.
5. Rusakovskaya O. A., Shchukina E. Ya. To the origins of forensic psychiatric examination // Russian Psychiatric Journal. – 2017. – No. 1. – P. 61-68.
6. Kharitonova N.K., Rusakovskaya O.A., Kachaeva M.A., Vasyanina V.I., Khristoforova M.A. On the history of forensic psychiatric examination in civil proceedings // Russian Psychiatric Journal. – 2021. – No. 3. – P. 13-24.
7. Khachanova L. A. Difference between forensic psychiatric examination and forensic psychological examination // Magistracy Bulletin. – 2019. – No. 12-1 (99). – pp. 58-59.
8. Shishkov S. N. Some current legal issues of forensic psychiatric examination (based on examination materials, conductednykh in 2019) // Practice of psychiatric examination. Edited by G. A. Fastovtsov. Moscow, 2020. – pp. 3-4.
9. Information and legal portal Pravo.ru. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://pravo.ru/ (date of access: 03/11/2024).

CIVIL PROCEDURE
SAFIN Artur Rustemovich
Judge of the Vakhitovsky District Court of Kazan, senior lecturer of Civil process law sub-faculty of the of the Kazan branch of the Russian State University of Justice
SADIKOVA Renata Ayratovna
student of the Kazan branch of the Russian State University of Justice
KHORKOVA Ekaterina Alexeevna
student of the Kazan branch of the Russian State University of Justice
RECUSAL OF A JUDGE IN A RUSSIAN CIVIL PROCESS
The article is devoted to the study of judicial challenges in civil proceedings. This institution helps to ensure objective and lawful consideration of cases in courts of general jurisdiction. The participation of a non-impartial judge can contribute to the adoption of controversial decisions, therefore, excluding him from the consideration of the case ensures the protection of the interests of participants in civil proceedings. The article provides an overview of modern approaches to the procedure of recusal of a judge in civil proceedings, taking into account regulatory regulation.
Keywords: judge, recusal of a judge, grounds for recusal, recusal, civil process.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Kireeva E. A., Nurbalaeva A. M. Institute of challenges to judges in the aspect of implementing the principle of justice in the civil process // Public service and personnel. – 2023. – No. 5. – P. 144-148.
2. Kazarina M.I. Recusal and self-recusal of a judge as a guarantee of the independence of judges // Bulletin of Tomsk State University. – 2020. – No. 459. – P. 235-241.
3. Ryabtseva E. V. Problems of legal regulation of the institution of recusal of a judge in the Russian Federation // Bulletin of the Volga University named after V. N. Tatishchev. – 2021. – No. 4. – P. 121-126.
4. Smirnov A.V. On the independence, impartiality and fairness of the judiciary // Russian Journal of Legal Research. – 2019. – T. 6. No. 1. – P. 25-31.
5. Romanova Yu. A. Applications for challenges and the procedure for their resolution in civil and arbitration proceedings // Legal problems of strengthening the Russian statehood. Part 56. – Tomsk: Tomsk University Publishing House, 2013. – pp. 146-148.
6. Taran A. S. Mistrust as a basis for challenge // Current problems of Russian law. – 2021. – T. 16. No. 5. – P. 139-147.

CIVIL PROCEDURE
KHAKIMOVA Gulnaz Ilnurovna
bachelor of the 3rd course of the Faculty of Training Specialists for the Judicial System of the Faculty of Law of the Kazan branch of the Russian State University of Justice
APPROACHES TO SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF WORKLOAD OF THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article is devoted to approaches to solving the problem of the workload of the judicial system in the Russian Federation. The author analyzes the statistics of appeals to the courts, explains the essence of the “GAS Justice” system, and draws attention to the problem of the lack of a sufficient number of professional judges. Emphasis is also placed on the development of an electronic justice system. The scientific article proposes a set of measures to improve and optimize justice in the Russian Federation.
Keywords: judicial system, workload, judicial protection, “GAS Justice”, judicial precinct, Magistrates, district court, state duty, pre-trial dispute settlement procedure, legal liability, fine, territorial jurisdiction , automated service.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Tsyrulnikova S.A. The right to judicial protection and its implementation in civil proceedings // Bulletin of PenzGU. – 2015. – No. 3 (11).
2. Kotelnikov M. G. Realization of the right to judicial protection in modern Russia // Leningrad Legal Journal. – 2017. – No. 2 (48).
3. Boretskaya L. R. Institute of mediation: current state and practice of application by parties in the civil process // Scientific notes of the Crimean Federal University named after V. I. Vernadsky. Legal sciences. – 2019. – No. 3.

CIVIL PROCEDURE
OREKHOV Kirill Gennadjevich
postgraduate student of the 2nd year of study of the Law Faculty of the St. Petersburg State University
TO THE ISSUE OF ENFORCEMENT OF A COURT JUDGEMENT ON DEBT RECOVERY IN THE SPHERE OF PROPERTY TRUST MANAGEMENT TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE IN REM ELEMENT OF LEGAL RELATIONS
This articlee reveals current issues of law enforcement of paragraph 3 of Article 1022 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation as a norm establishing the regime of debt repayment under obligations arising in connection with the trust management of property, taking into account the in rem element in these legal relations, describes the measures of bailiff-executor in the court decision execution on debt collection in the field of trust management, analyzes the issue of the figure of subsidiary debtor in this field.
Keywords: trust management of property, foreclosure on the property of the management founder, subsidiary liability in trust management, in rem element in trust management.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Braginsky M.I., Vitryansky V.V. Contract law. Contracts for the performance of work and provision of services / Ed. corr. and additional – M.: Statute, 2002. – Book. 3. – 1055 pp.

FAMILY LAW
DUBROVINA Anastasiya Nikolaevna
student of Civil and private international law sub-faculty of the Volgograd State University
FANTROV Pavel Petrovich
Ph.D. in political sciences, senior lecturer of Procedural law and criminalistics sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Volgograd State University
PROPERTY AND MATERIAL INTERESTS OF THE SPOUSES AS AN OBJECT OF THE MARRIAGE CONTRACT
The authors of the article provided a legal assessment of the material interests of the spouses as the object of the marriage contract. The manuscript focuses on a condition ambiguous for practical application, which puts one of the spouses in an extremely unfavorable position and contradicts the basic principles of family law. It is concluded that the definition of the concept “extremely unfavorable position” causes problems in understanding not only for theorists, but also for law enforcers, since the provisions enshrined in Clause 2 of Article 42 of the Family Code of Russian Federation give the power to the court at its discretion to assess the circumstances arising after the conclusion of the marriage contract by the spouses, which were not prescribed in it and were not previously stipulated.
Keywords: marriage contract, spouses, property, common property regime, mixed property regime, legislation, family law.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Ablyatipova N. A. Systematicity of law enforcement practice in matters of deviation from the beginning of equality of shares of spouses in their common property // Legal paradigm. – 2021. – No. 3.
2. Dubrovina A. N., Fantrov P. P. Trends in the modernization of the institution of marriage contracts in modern Russia // Forum. – 2023. – No. 3.
3. Keil Ya. Ya., Usanova V. A. Division of jointly acquired property of former spouses in the event of the death of one of them: legal regulation and law enforcement practice // Legal paradigm. – 2021. – No. 1.
4. Ludwig S. D. Problems of recognizing the property of spouses as their personal property // Economics. Right. Society. – 2020. – No. 3.
5. Osmanova D. O. Legal regime of property of de facto spouses // Lawyer. – 2023. – No. 3.

FAMILY LAW
POTAPOVA (KUKHARENKO) Lyubov Vyacheslavovna
counselor for work with unitary enterprises at Moscow Construction Department
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR OPERATION OF REDEVELOPMENT AGENCIES: NOVELTIES OF LEGISLATION
The article deals with the problems of legal regulation of development corporations. The author researches the concept and goals of development corporations, as well as their possible legal structure. Foreign experience of using development corporations in projects built-up territories redevelopment is also studied. Adoption of amendments to the urban development legislation and land use regulation are concluded to be timely and necessary in terms of clarifying the rights and obligations of development corporations.
Keywords: complex territorial development, built-up territories redevelopment, development corporations, development agencies.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Preparation of draft contracts and auction documentation for the integrated development of territories. Institute of Urban Economics Foundation. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.urbaneconomics.ru/sites/default/files/podgotovka_proektov_dogovorov_i_aukcionnoi_dokumentacii_dlya_krt.pdf.
2. Methodological recommendations for the integrated development of residential areas. Foundation “Institute of Urban Economics” commissioned by the Fund for Assistance to Reforming Housing and Communal Services, 2022. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.urbaneconomics.ru/sites/default/files/metodicheskie_rekomendacii_po_krt_zhiloi_zastroiki.pdf.

LABOR LAW
LINETS Alexander Alexandrovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Labor law sub-faculty of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE SPHERE OF WORK: ISSUES OF LEGITIMATION AND PERCEPTION OF JUSTICE
The development and widespread implementation of artificial intelligence technologies has the potential to significantly transform the labor market and the characteristics of interaction between its subjects. These transformations can have both positive and negative impacts on the economic and social development of society, as well as on the position of labor market subjects. Research into possible reactions of the state to develop legislation in response to the above changes in line with the coordination of the interests of workers, employers and the state is becoming relevant. This issue is primarily based on the question of whether there is any need for legal regulation in the area under consideration, and, if the answer is affirmative, in determining the features of the relevant regulation, in particular the issues of legitimizing decision-making using AI and the perception of the fairness of such decisions (both in the substantive and procedural sense). In part one of this research, the issues of legal consolidation of the use of AI systems by an employer in the exercise of their power will be considered.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, labor standards, prohibition of discrimination
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Kolodnyaya G.V. Enterprises based on knowledge: Russian experience // World of New Economics. 2014. No. 1. P. 27-34.
2. Naumov V.B., Kamalova G.G. Issues of constructing legal definitions in the field of artificial intelligence // Proceedings of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2020. Vol. 15. No. 1. pp. 81-93.
3. Vasiliev D. P. Formation of international regimes for managing artificial intelligence: key trends and main actors // Society: politics, economics, law. 2023. No. 8. P. 74-88.
4. Tal L. S. Employment contract. Civilistic research. Part 2. Internal legal order of business enterprises. Yaroslavl: Printing house of the Provincial Board, 1918. 188 pp.
5. Linets A. A. The role of labor law in the economic system of society at the present stage: dis. … doc. legal Sci. Moscow, 2022. 509 p.

LABOR LAW
TOMASHEVSKIY Kirill Leonidovich
Ph.D. in Law, professor of the V. G. Timiryasov Kazan Innovation University (IEML)
BEKLENISHCHEVA Darya Alexandrovna
3rd year undergraduate student of the V. G. Timiryasov Kazan Innovation University (IEML)
LEGAL MECHANISM FOR DEBT COLLECTION WAGES IN BELARUS AND RUSSIA
The subject of research in the article is labor disputes about non-payment or untimely payment of wages, the norms of labor legislation of Belarus and Russia. The object is the labor relationship in the process of payment or delay in payment by the employer of wages to the employee. The purpose of the article is, based on a comparative analysis, to identify legal mechanisms for collecting wages in Russia and Belarus and to suggest ways to bring them closer together. The following methods were used in the study: dialectical, system analysis, formal legal, comparative legal, statistical, etc. The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that non-payment of wages is a typical violation on the part of employers, and labor disputes about non-payment of wages are most common in the courts. The article reveals the legal mechanisms for protecting the rights and guarantees of the employee, identifies their positive and negative aspects, and also suggests ways to improve the legal status of the employee in case of non-payment of wages. A comparison is given of the legal mechanisms for collecting funds in favor of workers in Russia and Belarus, which will make it possible to take into account mutual rule-making and law enforcement experience and make proposals for improving legislation. The study legislation analyzed, judicial practice, and identified factors influencing the effective collection of wage arrears in both countries.
Keywords: labor relations, wages, employee, employer, collection of wages, labor insurance, state labor inspection, debt collection mechanisms, non-payment of wages, pre-trial procedure, judicial procedure.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Zabramnaya E. Yu. On the issue of employer liability for delay in payment of wages to an employee // Labor Law in Russia and Abroad. – 2011. – No. 3. – P. 40-43.
2. Kuryleva O. S. Terms of protection of individual labor rights in the legislation of the member states of the EAEU // Labor and social law. – 2016. – No. 3. – P. 26-29.
3. Lushnikov A. M., Lushnikova M. V. Labor law: textbook. – M.: Prospekt, 2024. – 768 p.
4. Judicial practice in labor cases: practical. manual / E. A. Volk [etc.]; under general ed. E. A. Volk. – Minsk: International. MITSO University, 2023. – 252 p.
5. Tomashevsky K. L., Volk E. A. Labor law: textbook. allowance. – 5th ed., rev. and additional – Minsk: Amalfeya, 2023. – 520 p.
6. Labor law of Russia: textbook / Responsible. ed. Yu. P. Orlovsky, A. F. Nurtdinova. – M.: Law firm “CONTRACT”, “INFRA-M”, 2008. – 590 p.
List of references
1. Judicial practice in labor cases: practical work. manual / E. A. Volk [etc.]; Edit. E. A. Volk. – Minsk: Intern. University “MITSO”, 2023. – 252 pp.
2. Labor law of Russia: textbook / Edit. Y. P. Orlovsky, A. F. Nurtdinova. – M.: Law firm “CONTRACT”, “INFRA-M”, 2008. – 590 pp.
3. Kuryleva O. S. Terms of protection of individual labor rights in the legislation of the EAEU member states // Labor and social law. – 2016. – No. 3. – Pp. 26-29.
4. Lushnikov A. M., Lushnikova M. V. Labor law: textbook. M.: Prospekt, 2024. – 768 p.
5. Tomashevski K. L., Volk E. A. Labor law: textbook. – 5th ed., rev. and add. – Minsk: Amalfeya, 2023. – 520 p.
6. Zabramnaya E. Yu. On the issue of employer liability for delay in payment of wages to an employee // Labor Law in Russia and Abroad. – 2011. – No. 3. – P.40-43.

LABOR LAW
TORMYSHEV Daniil Anatoljevich
student of the Institute of Training of Public Servants of the Academy of the FPS of Russia, Ryazan
ANANJEVA Ekaterina Olegovna
Ph.D. in law, associate professor, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty of the Institute of Training of Public Servants of the Academy of the FPS of Russia, Ryazan
THE HISTORICAL ASPECT OF THE USE OF CHILD LABOR
The paper examines the historical aspect of attracting the labor of minors in the world. The study is devoted to the issues of the emergence of conditions for regulating this type of labor relations, establishing rules and procedures for the registration of employment contracts with minors. The article considers the attitude of government agencies in this area and the problems of organizing control over the actions of employers.
Keywords: labor legislation, employment contract, civil law, minors, the right to work, working conditions, juvenile convicts.
Bibliographic list of articles:
1. Gessen V. Yu. Labor of children and adolescents in Russia from the 17th century to the October Revolution. T. 1. M-L., 1927. P. 31.
2. The labor movement of the 30-40s of the 19th century – History – Science – Catalog of articles – Ilya Vinshtein’s blog. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.winstein.org/publ/36-1-0-1638 (Date of access: 02/15/2023).
3. Borenshtein A. L. Prerequisites for legislation in the field of minor labor in Russia since the 19th century. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: file:///C:/Users/Admin/Downloads/predposylki-stanovleniya-zakonodatelstva-v-oblasti-truda-nesovershennoletnih-v-rossii-v-xix-v.pdf (Date of access: 02.15.2023 g.).
4. Tormyshev D. A., Ananyeva E. O. Working conditions and employment opportunities for minors // Eurasian Legal Journal. 2023. No. 1 (176). pp. 165-167.
5. List of heavy work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during which the employment of persons under eighteen years of age is prohibited / ConsultantPlus. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_26364/3980bc932427885fb8d9dc529d70c26d793fedd1/ (Date of access: 03/1/2024).

SOCIAL SECURITY LAW
SERGEEVA Svetlana Nikolaevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Constitutional and civil law sub-faculty of the State University of Education
FEATURES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF GOOD FAITH IN THE PROCESS OF CONCLUDING A SOCIAL CONTRACT
The role of the social contract for citizens is reflected. The features of the influence of the principle of good faith when including a social contract are analyzed. The role of judicial practice and general theoretical provisions in the formation of legal relations for including a social contract is clarified. The author concluded that the principle of good faith is an important tool for protecting the interests of the parties to a social contract and ensuring transparency and fairness of contractual relations drawn up between them. The principle of good faith can be considered as a meansof protecting the fundamental rights and freedoms of participants in a social contract. The application of this principle is aimed at consolidating constitutional values in legal relations. Moreover, this principle is not static; within the framework of the development of social institutions, judicial practice of protecting the rights and legitimate interests of participants, it is constantly being improved, based on the general requirements of civil law and social security law.
Keywords: principle of good faith, social contract, social state, constitutional values, contractual relationship, implementation of the principle of good faith, position of participants in the social contract.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Belozerova T. B., Belyakin I. A. Providing social assistance on the basis of a social contract // Challenges of modernity and strategies for the development of society in the conditions of the new reality, Moscow, November 10, 2023. – M.: Aleph, 2023. – P. 104-113. – EDN MICJMC.
2. Bratukhina E. V. Legal significance of the principle of good faith in Russian Civil Law // Notes of a scientist. – 2020. – No. 9. – P. 113-116. – EDN REFDWO.
3. Gaidunko A. V. The principle of assistance of the parties vs. good faith in civil law // Forum of young scientists. – 2020. – No. 6 (46). – pp. 170-174. – EDN RMAATJ.
4. Ievleva V. A. Social contract as an instrument of social policy to reduce poverty // Sustainable development of science and education. – 2020. – No. 5 (44). – pp. 10-14. – EDN ZPBBKR.
5. Kireeva A. V. The effectiveness of the social contract: socio-economic aspects // Humanitarian Scientific Bulletin. – 2022. – No. 5. – P. 64-72. – DOI 10.5281/zenodo.6560264. – EDN ESNKGK.
6. Kovalev A.I. The principle of good faith in the norms of civil law // Student Bulletin. – 2021. – No. 3-2 (148). – P. 9-11. – EDN DUIPAV.
7. Kolesnik V. A. The principle of good faith in civil law // Innovations. The science. Education. – 2020. – No. 24. – P. 572-576. – EDN RMSMJU.
8. Lovchikova Yu. V. The principle of good faith in civil law as a guarantor of human rights in the 21st century // Issues of Russian justice. – 2021. – No. 12. – P. 164-173. – EDN DEWWQB.
9. Muslimova M. M. Social contract as a direction of state social policy of the Russian Federation // Modern school of Russia. Modernization issues. – 2021. – No. 8-1(37). – pp. 68-69. – EDN FPWFYG.
10. Nakhusheva A. V. Formation of a social contract as a form of social protection // Perspective – 2023: Materials of the international scientific conference of students, graduate students and young scientists, Nalchik, April 25-28, 2023. Volume 1. – RUS: Kabardino-Balkarian State University named after. Kh. M. Berbekova, 2023. – P. 655-659. – EDN KPJDWR.
11. Nikolaev A. A. Conscientiousness as a principle of civil law. Systematization of the basic principles of integrity in civil law // Materials of the Afanasyev Readings. – 2022. – No. 3 (40). – pp. 76-79. – EDN NSLKAD.
12. Pashchenko Ya. V., Osipov A. S. The principle of good faith as the basis for the implementation of civil procedural rights using the example of the right to judicial protection // Young researcher: challenges and prospects: collection of articles based on the materials of the CCCXXXVI international scientific and practical conference, Moscow, 11 December 2023. – M.: Limited Liability Company “Internauka”, 2023. – P. 161-164. – EDN UAJHQM.
13. Tyutin D.V., Kruglov V.N. Assessing the effectiveness and efficiency of providing state social assistance on the basis of a social contract // Management accounting. – 2021. – No. 9-1. – pp. 262-268. – DOI 10.25806/uu9-12021262-268. – EDN ENFYIT.

FINANCIAL LAW
PONOMAREV Oleg Vladimirovich
senior lecturer of Constitutional and administrative law sub-faculty of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok
PROVATKINA Valeriya Evgenjevna
student of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok
VOLOSHINA Tatyana Vladimirovna
student of the Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok
LEGAL ISSUES OF THE FORMATION OF THE DIGITAL RUBLE AND OTHER DIGITAL FINANCIAL ASSETS MARKET IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD
The article discusses current legal aspects related to the introduction of the digital ruble and other digital financial assets both in Russia and abroad. The legal norms governing this process are analyzed, as well as the problems and prospects for the development of the digital economy are identified. Special attention is paid to the international experience of the introduction of digital financial assets and the possible impact on the global financial system. As a result of the article, conclusions are drawn about the need to improve legal regulation in this area to ensure the sustainable development of digital financial markets.
Keywords:digital ruble, digital financial assets, legal aspects, regulation, digital economy, international experience.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Ordynskaya M. E., Silina T. A., Tharakova I. G. “Digital ruble as a new form of money” // Innovative economics: prospects for development and improvement. 2022. No. 4 (62).
2. Nikonorova N. G., Rebrova A. E., Sedykh N. V. “Digital ruble: advantages and disadvantages” // Collection of articles of the XII International Scientific and Practical Conference. Scientifically edited by V. N. Lazarev, B. Ya. Tatarskikh. Penza, 2022
3. Financial law: textbook / Rep. ed. E. Yu. Gracheva, O. V. Boltinova. – 2nd ed., revised and supplemented. Moscow: Prospect, 2022. P. 64.
4. Tsakaev A. Kh., Maksharipova E. A., Salamkhanova P. L. Models and mechanisms for the implementation and management of the digital currency of the Central Bank of Russia // In the collection: Umarov Readings – 2021 // Materials of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation . Makhachkala, 2021. pp. 335-341.

FINANCIAL LAW
VASILJEVA Sofya Alexandrovna
student of the 4th course of the Faculty of Law of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
INTRODUCTION OF DIGITAL RUBLE INTO THE SINGLE TAX ACCOUNT SYSTEM: ASSESSMENT OF PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
This scientific article assesses the problems and prospects for introducing the digital ruble into the single tax account system. The relevance of the work is explained by the fact that this tool needs to be developed in the current crisis economy. However, for several years there have been no significant favorable changes, and unacceptable errors remain. The result of the work, demonstrating its scientific and practical significance, are the author’s proposals, which, if implemented in practice, will allow for the optimal and complete introduction of the digital ruble into the single tax account system.
Keywords: digital steering wheel, single tax account, paying taxes, debt repayment, digital assets.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Korotkikh A. O., Mishakina I. S., Solodovnikova M. V. Russian digital ruble – the need for implementation, problems, prospects // Business and Society. – 2022. – No. 2 (34).
2. Marintsev D. A. Current problems of legal regulation of tax relations // Challenges of modernity and strategies for the development of society in the conditions of the new reality: collection of materials of the XX International Scientific and Practical Conference, Moscow, October 10, 2023. – Moscow: Aleph, 2023. – P. 54-58. – DOI 10.34755/IROK.2023.44.48.092.
3. Jingwen V. Digital yuan – the official digital currency of China: legal nature and development trends // Electronic supplement to the Russian Legal Journal. – 2022. – No. 1. – P. 72-80. – DOI 10.34076/22196838_2022_1_72.
4. Zhuravleva I. A. Systematic approach to solving problems in the field of taxation // System analysis in economics-2020. Collection of proceedings of the VI International Scientific and Practical Conference-Biennale. In general Ed. G. B. Kleiner, S. E. Shchepetova. – Moscow, 2021. Publishing house. NGO Publishing House “Science”, Moscow. – pp. 294-297.

FINANCIAL LAW
VINNIK Aleksey Viktorovich
lecturer of Financial law sub-faculty of the V. F. Yakovlev Ural State Law University, Yekaterinburg
ON THE ROLE OF GRANTS IN MATTERS OF FINANCING AND PROTECTING THE RIGHTS OF SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATIONS AS RECIPIENTS OF BUDGET FUNDS
In the article, based on an analysis of current changes in the provisions of the budget legislation of Russia and the regulatory legal acts of the Government of the Russian Federation and other government bodies adopted in its implementation, Russian scientific literature, the author assesses the most promising and significant forms of financing scientific activities, including in the context of protecting the rights of scientific organizations during state financial control. As a result of the study, the author substantiates that it is the grant form of financing the activities of scientific organizations in the current legal regulation that should act as the legal basis for budgetary subsidization of scientific research, which will ensure a balance between the need to provide freedom in order to achieve a scientific result and the possibility of ensuring state financial control over the target spending of budget funds.
Keywords: grant, subsidies, scientific activity, budget financing of scientific research, freedom to achieve scientific results, targeted spending of budget funds, state financial control.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Alandarov R. A., Tarkhanovsky K. O. SrAn independent analysis of the methodology for organizing the financing of scientific research on the example of the Russian Federation, Western European and Asian countries // Finance: Theory and Practice. – 2017. – T. 21. No. 6. – P. 176.
2. Belyavsky O. V. Legal regime of a grant as an instrument of state financing of fundamental scientific research in the Russian Federation: dis. …cand. legal Sci. – Moscow, 2019. – P. 127.
3. Berdashkevich A.P. On clarifying the concept of “grant” in Russian legislation // Vestnik RGNF. – 2003. – No. 3. – P. 17.
4. Berdashkevich A.P., Klepikov S.A. On state support for scientific grants // Innovations. – 2010. – No. 10 (144). – pp. 7-9.
5. Vasiliev A. A., Kanakova A. E. The category “grant” as a legal homonym // Science Management and Scientometrics. – 2023. – Vol. 18. No. 1. – P. 102.
6. Dolgikh G. A. The role of grants in the scientific sphere // Economic Bulletin of the Rostov State University. – 2008. – No. 2-2. – pp. 83-85.;
7. Endovitsky D. A., Bubnova E. Yu. Critical analysis of the economic content of the concept of “scientific grant” // Modern economics: problems and solutions. – 2022. – No. 1. – pp. 49-57.
8. Zapolsky S.V., Andreeva E.M. Distinctive features of grants and the concept of legal regulation of grant activities // Leningrad Law Journal. – 2020. – No. 1 (59). – pp. 87-104.
9. Kovrizhin E. A. Development of methodological tools for assessing the effectiveness of innovative projects applying for state grant support at the meso level: dis. …cand. econ. Sci. – Saratov: SSTU Publishing House, 2014. – 160 p.
10. Konyushkina Yu. A. Financing scientific activity as a guarantee of the implementation of the constitutional right to freedom of scientific creativity // Legal education and science. – 2014. – No. 3. – P. 9-11.
11. Kurbatova S. S. Legal regulation of grants in the budget expenditure system // Law. – 2015. – No. 3. – P. 141-149.
12. Kustova M. V. Problems of legal regulation of subsidies as an instrument of financial support for public-private partnership // Law. – 2013. – No. 3. Access from SPS “ConsultantPlus”.
13. Lomakina V. F. Budget grants for supporting scientific research // Law and Law. – 2020. – No. 9. – P. 160-165.
14. Melnik T. E. Legal regulation of grants in Russian legislation // Legislation on science: Current state and development prospects. – M.: Norma, 2004. – P. 208-225.
15. Mindeli L. E., Chernykh S. I. Financing fundamental research in Russia: modern realities and the formation of forecast estimates // Problems of forecasting. – 2016. – No. 3 (156). – pp. 113-114.
16. Repyev A. G., Pershina I. V. Grant as a legal form of support for innovation: concept, content, difference from related categories // Legal science and practice: Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2021. – No. 1 (53). – P. 47.
17. Fadeeva I. M., Aleksutkina V. S. How do Russian researchers evaluate grants – a tool for the development of science? // University management: practice and analysis. – 2022. – T. 26. No. 4. – P. 58.
18. Fil M. M. Budget grants to support scientific research. Features of purpose and use // Law and Law. – 2020. – No. 6. – P. 185-189.

FINANCIAL LAW
YEVSIKOVA Elena Vitaljevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Administrative and financial law sub-faculty, Head of the Department for Organization of Scientific and Editorial and Publishing Activities of the Crimean branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Honored Lawyer of the Republic of Crimea
BUTS Sergey Borisovich
lecturer of Administrative and financial law sub-faculty of the Crimean branch of the Russian State University of Justice
ENSURING THE SECURITY OF FINANCIAL LEGAL RELATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF FINANCIAL CONTROL
The article attempts to conduct a scientific study of the theoretical aspects and problems of the legal implementation of legal relations in the field of digital modernization of financial control as a condition for ensuring financial security. The authors study and reveal the essence and content of the category “public financial control in the context of digital transformation”. Exploring the advantages and disadvantages of digitalization of public financial control, the authors put forward proposals to ensure and improve the security of the financial system of the state in the context of digital transformation.
Keywords: digital transformation; financial legal relations; public financial control; financial security
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Evsikova E. V. Public financial control in the context of digital transformation (theoretical and legal aspect) // Scientific notes of the Crimean Federal UniversityUniversity named after V.I. Vernadsky. Legal sciences. – 2023. – T. 9 (75). No. 3. – pp. 224-236
2. Aryamov A. A. Regulation of digital legal relations // Russian justice. – 2022. – No. S1. – pp. 16-30.
3. Aryamov A. A., Gracheva Yu. V., Chuchaev A. I., Malikov S. V. On the issue of the legal nature of digital resources // Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Episode 6 Law. – 2019. – T. 19. No. 1. – P. 77-86.
4. Aryamov A. A., Gracheva Yu. V., Chuchaev A. I., Malikov S. V., Olkov S. G. Taxation of digital assets turnover // Asia-Pacific region: economics, politics, law. – 2019. – No. 1. – P. 96-129.
5. Evsikova E. V., Buts S. B. Some aspects of tax control in the sphere of legal relations with digital financial assets // Eurasian Legal Journal. – 2023. – No. 6 (181). – pp. 249-251.
6. Kravchenko N. A., Kolovailo S. A. Digitalization of tax control over the tax status of the personal income tax payer when working remotely (remotely) outside the Russian Federation // Trend in the development of science and education. – 2023. – No. 96-5. – pp. 161-163.
7. Tsindeliani I. A., Guseva T. A., Izotov A. V. Improving tax control in the context of digitalization // Law enforcement. – 2022. – T. 6. No. 1. – P. 77-87.
8. Karataeva G. E., Chernova S. V. Digital transformation of the budget process in Russia // Issues of innovative economics. – 2021. – T. 11. No. 3. – P. 943-960. doi: 10.18334/vinec.11.3.112336
9. Morozov A. E. Changing the financial control model in the context of digital transformation // Bulletin of the O. E. Kutafin University (MSAL). – 2019 – No. (7). – pp. 22-26. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2019.59.7.022-026
10. Ovcharova E. V. Methods of ensuring the effectiveness of administrative coercion in the mechanism of legal regulation of taxation and fees // Administrative law and process. – 2019. – No. 12. – P. 19-28.

FINANCIAL LAW
YUSUFOVA Marzhanat Akhmedovna
student of the 1st course of the extramural paid department of the direction in 40.04.01 Jurisprudence, aiming for a Master’s degree of the Institute of Law of the Dagestan State University, Makhachkala
ALIEVA Elmira Bashirovna
Ph.D. in economical sciences, associate professor of Administrative, financial, and customs law sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Dagestan State University, Makhachkala
PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF TAX BENEFITS
The article considers the problems associated with the legal regulation of tax benefits in modern conditions.
The article considers the influence of the formation of market economy in Russia on the legal norms regulating social relations. In the conditions of transformations in the economic, political and legal spheres tax incentives are actively used to regulate economic relations. The authors of the article draw attention to the importance of the adoption of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation in 1998, which unified the norms of legislation on taxes and fees, formed a unified approach to the regulation of tax legal relations and defined the concept of tax benefits. It is emphasized that tax benefits cannot exist outside of their legal form, which requires a comprehensive approach to their regulation and rejection of a formal approach. The authors emphasize that a comprehensive approach to the legal regulation of tax benefits requires taking into account the social and economic conditions of development of Russian society at the present stage.
Keywords: tax, tax relief, taxation, taxation, purposes of tax relief.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Boltenkova L. M., Makhotenko M. A. Legal regulation of the development of digital services and digital legal consciousness in the field of tax services management // Intellectual resources for regional development. – 2020. – No. 1. – P. 348-356.
2. Chichkina M. Yu. Analysis of legal regulation of tax benefits // Series “Topical issues of legal regulation of state and municipal activities.” – 2020. – No. 2. – P. 17-21.
3. Lopasteiskaya L. G., Idrisova O. S. Tax benefits as a tool of tax regulation // Enigma. – 2019. – No. 11-1. – pp. 127-131. – EDN SPGQCG.

CUSTOMS LAW
SHKIPEROV Anton Alexandrovich
Advisor to the General Director of the Association of Business Partners in the Field of Foreign Economic Activity (ADP FEA)
SKVORTSOVA Vera Alexandrovna
senior lecturer of Customs operations and customs control sub-faculty of the Russian Customs Academy, Lyubertsy
CURRENT ISSUES OF IMPROVING CUSTOMS CONTROL IN THE TERRITORIAL SEA OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AS PART OF THE CUSTOMS TERRITORY OF THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC UNION
In this article, the authors define the essence and analyze the concepts of “customs border” and “customs territory” in the law of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in comparison with the concepts of “state border” and “territorial sea” of the national law of the Russian Federation in relation to the movement of goods to the EAEU by sea as fundamental components and fundamental legal foundations Institute of Customs Control. Based on and based on the results of the study, the authors draw conclusions about the expediency of expanding the powers of the customs authorities of the Russian Federation in terms of monitoring and ensuring compliance with the legal regime of the customs border of the EAEU coinciding with the outer limit of the territorial sea of the Russian Federation, including by changing acts of customs law, as well as deepening interaction between customs authorities and border authorities of the Russian Federation in the relevant the direction.
Keywords: customs border, customs territory, customs control, territorial sea, objects of customs control.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Amatunyan D. A., et al. Assessing the effectiveness of customs control of goods transported across the customs border of the Eurasian Economic Union by sea // Economic strategies of the EAEU: problems and innovations. 2021.
2. Ivanova M. A., Mikhaleva K. A. Problems of organizing customs control of goods transported by sea and water transport // Current problems of the development of socio-economic systems: theory and practice. 2022.
3. Melekhova L. Yu., Istomin L. G. Cargo movement by water transport in the Far Eastern Customs Administration // Current issues of state regulation of foreign economic activity: domestic and foreign experience. 2020.
4. Shapovalova M. A., Kirichenko A. V. Accounting for customs operations in planning transport logistics // Transport business of Russia. 2022. No. 2. P. 208-211.
5. Shapovalova M. A. Transport and logistics schemes for the movement of goods taking into account customs operations performed in sea ports // Bulletin of the Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technology. 2022. No. 3. P. 98-104.
6. Yavdoshak A.I. Problems of customs administration of maritime transportation in Russia and foreign experience of customs control of the Israeli port management // Achievements of university science. 2021.
7. Firsova M. V. “Improving customs administration through the creation of an “intelligent” sea checkpoint // Science and education: economics and economics; entrepreneurship; law and management. 2023: 14.
8. Nachkin A. I., Matveev A. B. Theory and practice of customs operations during maritime transportation // Intelligent checkpoint in Russia and the world: a competency-based approach to creation. 2023.
9. Mikhailova L. V., Karpenko N. A. Features of drug smuggling using sea vessels and maritime space // Current problems of countering drug trafficking at the present stage. 2020.
10. Khodakov D. A. Customs clearance and customs control of vehicles for international transportation // Current issues of economic security and customs affairs. 2020.
11. Kulikova O. V., Sorokina Yu. V. On the history and strategy of development of the fishery complex of the Russian Federation // Agrarian and Land Law. 2023. No. 1 (217). pp. 71-74.
12. Nachkin A. I., Matveev A. B. Theory and practice of customs operations during maritime transportation // Intelligent checkpoint in Russia and the world: a competency-based approach to creation. 2023.
13. Davydov R.V. Unified standard of customs administration as a tool for the development of the Eurasian Economic Union // Bulletin of the Russian Customs Academy. 2020. No. 4. P. 9-18.

CORPORATE LAW
SHVARTS Larisa Vladimirovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil and labor law sub-faculty of the North-West Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation
STRIZHEVSKAYA Valentina Vasiljevna
student of the North-West Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation
VOTE OR LOSE: ON THE REGULATION OF THE ISSUE OF LOST/PASSIVE SHAREHOLDERS
The article examines the established proprietary approach of the courts to resolving disputes on the recognition of shares as ownerless and a new corporate legal approach proposed by the Judicial Board for Economic Disputes of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation at the turn of 2022 -2023. The analysis and assessment of the legal validity of these two positions, their socio-economic prerequisites and consequences of application are given. The authors conclude that it is necessary to introduce a rule on the exclusion of inactive owners of ordinary shares.
Keywords: ownerless undocumented ordinary shares, shareholders, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, Joint-Stock Companies Act, corporate law.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Vildanova M. M. On the regulation of legal relations between joint-stock companies and shareholders, information about which is missing and who do not exercise the rights of shareholders for a long time // Law and Practice. – 2021. – No. 1. – P. 95-101.
2. Sinitsyn S. A. Uncertainty of the legal status of “lost” shareholders: problems of legal regulation // Twenty-five years of Russian joint-stock law: problems, tasks, development prospects / T. D. Aitkulov, O. A. Belyaeva, A. V. Vyalkov [and others]. – Moscow: LLC Publishing House STATUT. – 2021. – 414 p.
3. Trevor J. Corporate Social Responsibility as Risk Management // Journal of Corporate Citizenship. – 2006 (22). – P. 3-24.

ECOLOGICAL LAW
IVAKIN Viktor Ivanovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Legal support of public administration and economics sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Russian University of Transport (MIIT)
ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL OFFENSE: CONCEPT, STRUCTURE, TYPES
This work is dedicated to one of the topical issues of environmental protection law, what is environmental responsibility, its concept, types and structure. The article touches upon the problem of the grounds for the application of this measure of coercion, which is an environmental offense fixed in the Constitution of the Russian Federation, on which the author has been working for a long time, having scientific papers on the analyzed topic. It is emphasized that traditional forms of legal liability, including, inter alia, civil liability, are not aimed at full compensation for environmental damage, since they do not have an appropriate legal mechanism. In this regard, in order to implement this provision, it is proposed to adopt environmental procedural norms in the form of the Environmental Procedural Code of the Russian Federation, which affects the structure of both the form of responsibility under consideration and the grounds for its application .
Keywords: environmental responsibility, environmental offense, concept, structure, types, environment, protection, environmental harm (damage), compensation, legal liability, traditional forms of responsibility, environmental process.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Dukhno N. A. Guaranteed compensation for environmental damage – the path to a full, healthy life for everyone // Agrarian and land law. 2012. No. 7.
2. Nesterov E. A. The importance of a risk-oriented approach, mandatory monitoring and risk management model in the implementation of control and supervisory activities in transport // Regulation of legal relations in the field of public administration: issues of theory and practice (To the 25th anniversary of the Russian State University of Justice) . Collection of materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. – St. Petersburg: Center for Scientific and Production Technologies “Asterion”, 2023.

CRIMINAL LAW
AVERINSKAYA Svetlana Alexandrovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Criminal law sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Irkutsk State University
ZAGAYNOV Vladimir Vladimirovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Criminal law andcriminology sub-faculty of the Irkutsk Institute (branch) of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia)
CHERNEGOVA Viktoriya Vladimirovna
senior legal adviser of the Legal Department of the East Siberian Department of the MIA of Russia for Transport
HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS: THE PROCEDURE FOR LIMITATION AND COMPENSATION BY CRIMINAL MEASURES
The article analyzes the changes in the Constitution of the Russian Federation over the twenty-year period of the fundamental law. The main directions of the reorganization of social relations are singled out, the most priority areas of the state’s activity are identified. The specifics of the operation of the principle of compensation for limited human rights and freedoms during the period of bringing to criminal responsibility are considered. The mechanism for offsetting the restriction of human rights and freedoms regarding the applied measure of restraint to the committed act, the type of the appointed correctional institution and compliance with the internal regime is being studied. Gaps in the set-off are revealed when imposing sentences on the basis of a combination of punishments, as well as when imposing a punishment not related to the isolation of the convict from society, provided that a preventive measure that does not restrict his freedom is applied to him.
Keywords: constitution of the Russian Federation, human rights and freedoms, punishment offset.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Law of the Russian Federation on the amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of December 30, 2008 No. 6-FKZ “On changing the term of office of the President of the Russian Federation and the State Duma”, No. 7-FKZ “On the control powers of the State Duma in relation to the Government of the Russian Federation” / Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. – 01/26/2009. – No. 4. – Art. 445.
2. Law of the Russian Federation on the amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation dated 02/05/2014 No. 2-FKZ “On the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation” / Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. – 04/14/2014. – No. 15. – Art. 1691.
3. Law of the Russian Federation on the amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of July 21, 2014 No. 11-FKZ “On the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation” / Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. – 08/04/2014. – No. 31. – Art. 4398.
4. Law of the Russian Federation on an amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation dated March 14, 2020 No. 1-FKZ “On improving the regulation of certain issues of the organization and functioning of public power.” [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/document/0001202003140001.
5. Constitution of the Russian Federation: adopted by the people. voting on December 12 1993 with amendments approved during the all-Russian vote on July 1, 2020 (taking into account amendments dated December 30, 2008 No. 6-FKZ, dated December 30, 2008 No. 7-FKZ, dated February 5, 2014 No. 2-FKZ, dated July 21. 2014 No. 11-FKZ, dated March 14, 2020 No. 1-FKZ) // Ross. gas. – 1993. – December 25; 2008 – December 31; 2014 – February 7; 2014 – July 23; 2020. – March 14.
6. Ibid.
7. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: federal. Law of June 13, 1996 No. 63-FZ [as amended on July 10, 2023 No. 323-FZ] // Collection. legislation of the Russian Federation. – 1996. – No. 25. – Art. 2954.
8. Tolkachenko A. A. Some practical issues of counting preventive measures during criminal punishment // Justice of the Peace. – 2019. – No. 11. – P. 29.
9. Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation: federal. law of December 18 2001 No. 174-FZ [as amended on July 10, 2023 No. 323-FZ] // Collection. legislation of the Russian Federation. – 2001. – No. 52 (Part I). – St. 4921.
10. Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated May 24, 2018 No. 20-P “In the case of verifying the constitutionality of Article 435 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation in connection with complaints from citizens D. and K.” [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://sudact.ru/regular/doc/yrrClJIrb7N/ (access date 02.12.24).

CRIMINAL LAW
ALYSHEV Sergey Sergeevich
associate professor of Criminal law and criminology sub-faculty of the Stavropol branch of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
ENSURING REPARATION (COMPENSATION) FOR HARM CAUSED BY A CRIME
The article discusses the issues of ensuring reparation (compensation) for harm caused by a crime, taking into account the system of socially significant properties of the process of its implementation. The approaches of legal scholars are analyzed; through the use of various methods of scientific research, individual provisions established in the theory of science are analyzed in order to specify the essential content of the phenomenon under consideration. A substantive review of various areas of understanding the content of the processes of ensuring compensation for harm and their consideration in the practical and regulatory aspects of restoring the violated rights of citizens was carried out.
Keywords:crime, criminal, characteristics of harm, compensation, compensation for harm.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Kleshchina E. N. Compensation to the victim for harm caused by a crime: problems of legislative regulation and law enforcement // Bulletin of Economic Security. – 2019. – No. 1. – P. 104-106.
2. Krutova N. A. Problems of legislative regulation and enforcement of norms on compensation to the victim for harm caused by a crime // Young scientist. – 2020. – No. 48 (338). – pp. 261-264.
3. Bezlepkin B. T. Commentary on the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation (article-by-article). 14th ed., revised. and additional – M.: Prospekt, 2017. – 608 p.

CRIMINAL LAW
AMIROVA Dilyara Kafilevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Criminal law disciplines sub-faculty of the Kazan branch of the Russian State University of Justice
RODITELEVA Yana Nikolaevna
senior lecturer of Special disciplines sub-faculty of the Crimean branch of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel of police
SEMENOV Sergey Gennadjevich
associate professor of Professional training sub-faculty of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, captain of police
ZIMIN Nikita Vladimirovich
senior specialist of the professional training group of the MIA of Russia in Nefteyugansk, senior lieutenant of police
FEATURES OF THE QUALIFICATION OF THE EXCESS OF THE PERPETRATOR OF THE CRIME
The article analyzes various types of excess, including quantitative and qualitative excesses, and also presents the opinions of various authors on the issues of excess qualification. The authors consider the legal and practical aspects of these issues, offering recommendations on the correct qualification and assessment of excess in the context of criminal law. The authors note that when analyzing “failed complicity” in a crime, there are many controversial aspects that require constant study and reflection.
Keywords: excess of the perpetrator, qualification of the crime, complicity in the crime, complex complicity, crime, the perpetrator.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Gyulbankyan A. A. Complex issues of qualification of excess of the perpetrator of a crime // Asia-Pacific region: economics, politics, law. – 2023. – No. 2. Electronic resource. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/slozhnye-voprosy-kvalifikatsii-ekstsessa-ispolnitelya-prestupleniya (Date of access: 03/09/2024).
2. Davydenko V. S. Excess of the performer in criminal law // Domestic jurisprudence. – 2018. – No. 4 (29). Electronic resource. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ekstsess-ispolnitelya-v-ugolovnom-prave (Date of access: 03/09/2024).
3. Zatsepin A. M., Permyakov M. V. Some aspects of complicity in crime // Humanitarian, socio-economic and social sciences. – 2023. – No. 2. Electronic resource. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nekotorye-aspekty-souchastiya-v-prestuplenii (Date of access: 03/09/2024).
4. Ivanova L. V. Signs of excess of the perpetrator of a crime // Vestn. Volume. state un-ta. – 2007. – No. 305. Electronic resource. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/priznaki-ekstsessa-ispolnitelya-prestupleniya (Date of access: 03/09/2024).
5. Neshataev V. N. Maksimov A. S. Quantitative and qualitative types of excess of the perpetrator of a crime // Public service and personnel. – 2020. – No. 5. Electronic resource. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kolichestvenny-y-i-kachestvennyy-vidy-ekstsessa-ispolnitelya-prestupleniya (Date of access: 03/11/2024).
6. Tyapaeva G., Bezrukova O.V., Kazantseva D.B. On the issue of the excesses of the perpetrator of a crime // Nika. – 2012. Electronic resource. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/k-voprosu-ob-ekstsesse-ispolnitelya-prestupleniya (Date of access: 03/09/2024).
7. Shatov S. A. Qualification of excess of the performer. Theory and practice // Law and law. – 2018. – No. 12. Electronic resource. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kvalifikatsiya-ekstsessa-ispolnitelya-teoriya-i-praktika (Date of access: 03/09/2024).

CRIMINAL LAW
DANILOVA Irina Yurjevna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of Criminology sub-faculty of the Ryazan branch of the V. Ya. Kikot Moscow University of the MIA of Russia
SULEYMANOV Talyat Alievich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Criminal process and criminalistics sub-faculty оf the Academy of the FPS of Russiaa, associate professor of Criminal law and humanitarian sub-faculty of the Branch of the S. Yu. Witte Moscow University in Ryazan
CRIMINAL LAW QUALIFICATION OF FRAUD IN THE FIELD OF IT TECHNOLOGIES
In this article, the authors analyze the state and prospects of the criminal law fight against fraud in the field of computer technology. The detection rate of this type of crime does not exceed 24%, and the proportion of crimes in the field of information technology in the structure of total crime is 22%, that is, a fifth of all crimes committed to occur in the field of information technology. The economic damage from fraud in 2022 amounted to more than 14 billion rubles. The figures given reflect the level of prevalence and the degree of danger of the act being committed. Criminalization of acts committed on the Internet is difficult due to the inability to identify all the signs of a crime, in turn, the lack of specificity of the criminal law prohibition does not allow for the effectiveness of the investigation of this group of crimes.
Keywords: fraud, qualification of the act, digital technologies, investigation of cybercrimes.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Ilnitsky A. A., Shichkin D. A. Computer crime. The main problems of detection of cybercrimes // Young scientist. – 2022. – No. 19 (414). – P. 266.
2. Russians handed over a record ₽14 billion to scammers [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.rbc.ru/newspaper/2023/02/15/63eb5da89a794701b759621f NEWSPAPER No. 012 (3682) (1502) FINANCE, FEBRUARY 14, 2023.
3. Rastoropov S.V., Barchukov V.K. Fraud in the field of computer information: criminal legal and criminological aspects. – St. Petersburg, 2021. – P. 51.
4. Sheveleva S.V. Fraud in the field of computer information: features of qualification and competition with related crimes // Legal science and practice: Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2017. – No. 4 (40). – P. 230.
5. Lavrushkina A. A. Problems of applying Article 159.6 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation from the perspective of theory and practice // Contentus. – 2018. – No. 3 (68). – P. 29.
6. Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated November 30, 2017 No. 48, Moscow “On judicial practice in cases of fraud, misappropriation and embezzlement.”

CRIMINAL LAW
IBRAGIMOV Magomed Abdulmuminovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of the Dagestan State Pedagogical University, Makhachkala
GADZHIEVA Patimat Daitbegovna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor of the Dagestan State Pedagogical University, Makhachkala
MEYSUROV Shamil Suleymanovich
assistant of Legal disciplines and teaching methods sub-faculty of the Dagestan State Pedagogical University, Makhachkala
THE MODERN ROLE OF MOTIVE IN CRIMINAL LAW
This article describes the theoretical foundations of the role of motive in punishment, examines the main objections to the role of motive and attempts to put the motive on a more reliable theoretical basis. The article also suggests that the motive should play a more consistent and balanced role in criminal punishment. In particular, the article suggests that the motive should play an expanded and clearly defined role in sentencing. To this end, the article proposes not only a new system of classification of motives, but also a specific procedure for taking into account the motive.
Keywords: evidence of motive, motive of the accused, motive, criminal punishment.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Vidyakin V.V., Fokin M.S. Criminal legal significance of motive when qualifying a crime // Bulletin of Omsk State University. Series. Right. – 2012. – No. 2 (31). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ugolovno-pravovoe-znachenie-motiva-pri-kvalifikatsii-prestupleniya (Date of access: 03/03/2024).
2. Garbatovich D. A., Klassen A. N. Qualification of crimes by motive and purpose // Bulletin of SUSU. Series: Law. – 2017. – No. 3. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kvalifikatsiya-prestupleniy-po-motivu-i-tseli (Date of access: 03.03.2024).

CRIMINAL LAW
KRASKOVSKIY Yan Eduardovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Criminal law sub-faculty of the Penza State University
NEKRASOV Alexander Petrovich
Ph.D. in Law, professor, professor of Professional disciplines sub-faculty of the Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
THEORETICAL AND LEGAL ASSESSMENT OF THE BEHAVIOR MODEL OF MIGRANTS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: THE PURPOSE OF THEIR STAY, THE REASONS FOR COMMITTING DANGEROUS ASSAULTS, SERVING SENTENCES
The presented research article by the authors outlines the problematic issues of migrants staying in Russia, their livelihoods, the international causes of migration from the Arab world to the European Community, as well as the commission of various crimes by them. Here, the article draws attention to which cities in Russia they live in the majority of their mass and how their way of life is arranged. Other social issues are also being considered during their stay in our territory.
Keywords: labor migrants, international migration, types of crimes, preventive measures, ignorance of the Russian language, Orthodox religion, history of the Russian state, ideology.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. “Interfax News Agency” April 10, 2023 Interview with A. Bastrykin, head of the Russian Investigative Committee.
2. Ibid., A. I. Bastrykin.
3. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, ed. M.: SPARK, 2023.

CRIMINAL LAW
LARIONOV Pavel Alexeevich
LL.M (Criminal Law), University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Master of Laws, V. F. Yakovlev Ural State Law University
DELEGATED LEGISLATION AND DELEGATED INTERPRETATION: A NOTE ON DISTINCTION
The article discusses a narrow issue regarding the powers of the Government of the Russian Federation and its structural units in interpreting criminal law based on the concept of delegated interpretation proposed by the Saratov school of criminal law. The authors’ theory of delegated interpretation is compared with delegated legislation to draw a line between two similar concepts. The author of the article analyzes examples of delegated official interpretation proposed by doctrine by the Government of the Russian Federation and argues the impossibility of recognizing such activity as interpretation.
Keywords: criminal law, legislation, delegated legislation, delegated interpretation, interpretation, Government of the Russian Federation.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. The Ministry of Health proposed updating the procedure for determining the severity of harm to health // Official website of the Publication of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation “Parliamentary Gazette”. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.pnp.ru/social/v-minzdrave-predlozhili-obnovit-poryadok-opredeleniya-tyazhesti-vreda-zdorovyu.html (date of access: 03.25.2024).
2. Information of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation “Methodological aspects of constitutional control (to the 30th anniversary of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation)” (approved by the decision of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated October 19, 2021) // Official website of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.ksrf.ru/ (date of access: 03/23/2024).
3. Larionov P. A. The problem of pluralism of subjects of interpretation of the criminal law // Electronic supplement to the Russian Legal Journal. – 2023. – No. 3. – P. 74-84.
4. Luchin V. O., Mazurov A. V. Interpretation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation (review of the practice of the Constitutional Court) // Law and Power. – 2001. – No. 1. – P. 19-20.
5. Ordina O. N. On the issue of trends in the development of administrative legislation in Russia // Administrative law and process. – 2024. – No. 1. – P. 26-28.
6. Russian criminal law: General part: textbook. In 2 hours / Ed. A. G. Blinova, N. A. Lopashenko. Part I. – M.: Yurlitinform, 2024. – 680 p.

CRIMINAL LAW
MOKHOROVA Anna Yurjevna
Ph.D. in political sciences, associate professor, associate professor of the Higher School of Jurisprudence and Forensic Technical Expertise of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
DEMIDOV Vladimir Pavlovich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, associate professor of the Higher School of Jurisprudence and Forensic Technical Expertise of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
MOKHOROV Dmitriy Anatoljevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, Director of the Higher School of Jurisprudence and Forensic Technical Expertise of the Humanitarian Institute of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
KOSAREV Sergey Yurjevich
Ph.D. in Law, professor of the Higher School of Jurisprudence and Forensic Technical Expertise of the Humanitarian Institute of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
PROFESSIONAL CULTURE OF A SPECIALIST IN THE FIELD OF CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT
The professional skills inherent in specialists in the field of criminal cooperation reflect the level of theoretical and practical knowledge in the field of criminal law and procedural activities, which are implemented in the field of legal culture, covering the most important aspects of the legal activities of employees in this field. The faces of a lawyer’s professional culture are manifested in the practical implementation of the most effective techniques and methods that are in demand in the process of implementing the interests of organizations and entrepreneurs, public authorities and local governments within the framework of legal relations that currently exist in the Russian Federation.
The multidimensional nature of the characteristic features of the professional culture of a particular specialist in the field of criminal coercion is closely related to his effectiveness of actions to protect rights in criminal legal relations of legal entities and individuals, taking into account the use of various knowledge in the fields of economic, social, and political life of society, for which it is necessary to identify a set of legal competencies, defining the professional relevance of a specialist as a real embodiment of his level of mastery of theoretical and practical skills of the most important provisions of Russian law.
Keywords: criminal law, professional culture, legal culture, professional competencies, specialist in the field of criminal coercion, legal relations.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Sokolov N. Ya. Professional culture of lawyers and legality: textbook. – M.: Prospekt, 2011.
2. Kozhevnikov V.V., Karavaev A.F. Psychological culture as a component of the professional culture of the law enforcement entity in the law enforcement sphere // Psychopedagogy in law enforcement agencies. – 2017. – No. 2. – P. 19-22.
3. Kosarev S. Yu. Constitutional and legal nature of procedural coercion in Russian criminal proceedings Science Week SPbPU. – Materials of a scientific conference with international participation. – 2019. – pp. 136-138.
4. Lazarev V.V. Social and psychological aspects of the application of law: monograph. – Kazan: Kazan. University, 1982.
5. Mokhorov D. A., Mokhorova A. Yu., Demidov V. P. Legal education of student youth as one of the foundations for the formation of modern civil society in the Russian Federation // Modern science-intensive technologies. – 2019. – No. 10-1. – pp. 142-146.
6. “Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation” dated December 18, 2001 No. 174-FZ (as amended on February 14, 2024).
7. Kornukov V. M. Measures of procedural coercion in criminal proceedings. – Saratov: Publishing house Sarat. University, 1978. – P. 83.
8. Criminal procedure: a textbook for university students / Ed. V. P. Bozhieva. – M.: SPARK, 2002. – P. 218.
9. Kovriga Z. F. Criminal procedural coercion. – Voronezh: VSU, 2011. – P. 29.
10. Granat N. L. Professional consciousness and socialist legality in the activities of internal affairs bodies: a textbook. – M.: Academician. Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, 1984.

CRIMINAL LAW
PIROVA Rena Nizamievna
Ph.D. in historical sciences, associate professor of Criminal law and state legal disciplines sub-faculty of the Dagestan State University of National Economy, Makhachkala
COMMISSION ON JUVENILE AFFAIRS
This article contains an analysis of the behavior of neglected and homeless persons, as well as minors who have fallen under the actions of the Commission on juvenile affairs and protection of their rights. Also, the problems of the implementation of the activities of the commission itself and their solutions are considered. The problem lies in the existence of contradictions between the importance of the commission on juvenile affairs itself and the presence of unresolved organizational issues, such as social, regulatory and legal, which directly interfere with the implementation of the tasks assigned to the commission. Solving these problems and improving the legislative basis of the commission itself would lead to streamlined and more competent legal activities, which in turn could become a guarantee for minors that their rights and interests will be properly protected.
Keywords: minors, commission, CDNiZP, homeless, offense, children, teenagers.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Bezhentsev A. A. The role of commissions on juvenile affairs and the protection of their rights in the prevention of juvenile delinquency, prospects for the modernization of administrative activities // Bulletin of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2017.

CRIMINAL LAW
RASTOROPOV Sergey Vladimirovich
Ph.D. in Law, professor, professor of Criminal law disciplines sub-faculty of the A. G. and N. G. Stoletov Vladimir State University, Head of the Department of Criminal Law, Process and Criminalistics of the Faculty of Law of the NRU “Higher School of Economics”cs”
SOME FEATURES AND PROBLEMS OF LEGAL CONSOLIDATION OF RESPONSIBILITY FOR PUBLIC CALLS TO CARRY OUT ACTIVITIES DIRECTED AGAINST THE SECURITY OF THE STATE (ARTICLE 280.4 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION)
The article is devoted to the theoretical understanding of the legal consolidation of the new corpus delicti provided for in Article 280.4 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in the structure of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as well as the assessment of the criminalization of its main and qualifying features. The directions for improving this norm are proposed in order to optimize and unify the criminal law approach to the comprehensive security of the Russian Federation from internal and external threats.
Keywords: the security of the state; violation of the security of the state; public appeals; activities against the security of the state.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Evdokimov K.N. Issues of qualification of public calls for extremist activities committed using information and communication technologies (Article 280 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) // Russian Investigator. – 2022. – No. 7. – P. 31-34.
2. Ermakova O. V. Questions of interpretation of the composition of public calls for actions aimed at violating the territorial integrity of the Russian Federation (Article 280.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) // Current problems in the fight against crimes and other offenses. – 2016. – No. 16-2. – pp. 34-35.
3. Inogamova-Khegai L. V. Novels of the Criminal Code to protect the foundations of the constitutional system, state security and the systematic nature of the Criminal Code, the concept of the crime // Criminal law: development strategy in the 21st century. – 2023. – No. 1. – P. 155-160.
4. Kanunnikova N. G. Current problems of qualifying public calls for extremist activities // Gaps in Russian legislation. – 2021. – T. 14. No. 3. – P. 23-27.
5. Karabanova E. N. Axiological foundations of criminal law prohibitions // Journal of Russian Law. – 2023. – No. 4. – P. 72-83.
6. Magnutov Yu. S. Criminal legal counteraction to special organized forms of extremist activity (Article 282.1 and Article 282.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation): theory, technology, practice: dis. …cand. legal Sci. – Nizhny Novgorod, 2022. – 384 pp.
7. Pisarevskaya E. A., Dvorzhitskaya M. A. On the issue of the conditionality of the processes of criminalization and decriminalization of acts // Russian investigator. – 2023. – No. 3. – P. 24-28.
8. Reshnyak M. G. Ensuring the security of the state: on some problems of criminal law regulation // Theory and practice of social development. – 2023. – No. 11. – P. 301-305.
9. Kharchenko A. O. Limits of restricting freedom of speech by means of criminal law: international experience and assessment of Russian legislation // Innovations. The science. Education. – 2021. – No. 36. – P. 876-888.

CRIMINAL LAW
RASTOROPOVA Olga Vladimirovna
Ph.D. in Law, leading researcher of the Department of Scientific Support for Prosecutorial Supervision and Strengthening the rule of law in the field of criminal law regulation, execution of criminal penalties and other measures of a criminal nature Research Institute of the University of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation
ISSUES OF BRINGING TO CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY PERSONS OCCUPYING THE HIGHEST POSITION IN THE CRIMINAL HIERARCHY
The article deals with the issues of qualification of criminal prosecution of persons occupying the highest position in the criminal hierarchy, including after a conviction under the article in question. The concept of certain terms used in the law, but which have not received official definitions, in particular, the concepts of “criminal hierarchy”, “occupation of a higher position”, is revealed.
Keywords: crime, organized crime, the highest position in the criminal hierarchy, leaders of the criminal world.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Alekhin E.V. Establishing the fact of occupation by a person of a higher position in the criminal hierarchy // Bulletin of the Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation. – 2021. – No. 2 (28). – pp. 92-96.
2. Mondokhonov A. N. Features of the criminal legal status of a person occupying a higher position in the criminal hierarchy // Bulletin of the Buryat State University. – 2013. – No. 2. – P. 182-184.
3. Stepanov-Egiyants V. G. On the issue of criminalization of occupation by a person of the highest position in the criminal hierarchy // Russian investigator. – 2019. – No. 5. – P. 57-61.

CRIMINAL LAW
STUPINA Svetlana Alexandrovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Forensic science sub-faculty of the Sibe-rian Fire and Rescue Academy of the EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk
ON THE ISSUE OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF FOREIGN AGENTS AND PESTS
In the article, through the prism of the historical development of criminal law, the is-sues of the possibility of establishing liability in the criminal legislation of Russia for harm, as well as for acts directed against national security by foreign agents, are considered. By means of comparative analysis, the variants of such liability in the criminal legislation of foreign countries friendly to Russia are investigated.
As a result, the author formulated proposals regarding the implementation by the state of tasks solved through criminal legislation.
Keywords: crime, punishment, goals of criminal legislation, foreign agents.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Chumakov V. A. On the issue of patterns of social development // Bulletin of the Udmurt University. Series Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy. – 2013. – No. 3. – P. 29-38.
2. Chumakov V. A. Education of reasonable socialism in the logic of regulative-dialectical materialism // Synthesis of education, upbringing and science in the noospheric strategy of innovative breakthrough in Russia: Collective scientific monograph / Scientifically edited by A. I. Subetto, V. A. Shamakhova. – St. Petersburg, 2021. – pp. 226-236.
3. Sverchkov V.V. Problems solved by the state through criminal legislation // Legal technology. – 2012. – No. 6. – P. 463-464.
4. Manns G. Yu. General and special warning in criminal law. – Irkutsk, 1926. – 73 p.
5. Russian criminal law. Lectures: General part: In 2 volumes. T. 2 / Tagantsev N. S.; Comp. and resp. ed.: Zagorodnikov N.I. – M.: Nauka, 1994. – 393 p.
6. Lenin V.I. Complete works. Volume 33. – Moscow, 1969. – 466. – P. 321-322. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.biblioclub.ru/index.php?page=book&id=55042. (Date of access – 03/18/2024).
7. Patrushev N. The collapse of parasitic empires // Scout. – 2023. – No. 3/4. pp. 2-9. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.svr.gov.ru/upload/iblock/3eb/15092023r.pdf. (Date of access – 03/18/2024).
8. Kleimenov M.P. Criminal liability for sabotage // Current directions of scientific thought: problems and prospects: Collection of materials of the IX All-Russian scientific-practical (national) conference, Novosibirsk, December 22, 2022. – Novosibirsk, 2023. – P. 34-50. P. 34.
9. Soviet criminal law: Special part: Textbook for legal. universities / All-Union. Institute of Law Sciences, Ministry of Justice of the USSR. – Moscow: Gosyurizdat, 1951. – 432 p.

CRIMINAL LAW
TATARINOV Alexander Vladimirovich
Deputy Chairman of the Reutovsky Garrison Military Court,competitor of the University of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CLASSIFICATION OF CONVICTS WHEN IMPOSING A SENTENCE OF IMPRISONMENT AND CHOOSING THE TYPE OF CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION
The article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of the current state of legislation and the practice of its application in relation to persons sentenced to imprisonment in terms of choosing the type of correctional institution to serve their sentence and compliance with the rules of their classification depending on significant legal and socio-demographic characteristics.
Keywords: deprivation of liberty, convicts, classification of convicts, separate detention of convicts, types of correctional institutions.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Bochkarev V.V. Separate detention of different categories of convicts as a promising direction for improving penal legislation // Current issues in the fight against crimes. – 2015. – No. 3. – P. 42-46.
2. Bury V. E. Criminal-legal and criminal-executive typology of those sentenced to imprisonment // Man: crime and punishment. – 2009. – No. 3. – P. 118-121.
3. Gorshkova N. A. Deprivation of liberty in the paradigm of changing state values // Penitentiary law: legal theory and law enforcement practice. – 2023. – No. 2 (36). – pp. 51-56.
4. Dementyev S.I. Deprivation of freedom. Criminal law and correctional labor aspects / Responsible. ed. G. V. Timeiko. – Rostov-on-Don: Publishing house Rost. University, 1981. – 208 p.
5. Nasirov N. I. Ogly Prevention of committing a new crime and its penitentiary legal content // Bulletin of the Saratov State Law Academy. – 2019. – No. 4 (129). – pp. 202-210.
6. Salnikova E.I. The principle of separate detention of convicts in places of deprivation of liberty and its implementation. Types of correctional institutions // Bulletin of the young scientist of the Kuzbass Institute: collection of articles. scientific articles. Volume Issue 7. – Novokuznetsk: Kuzbass Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service, 2021. – P. 65-68.
7. Criminal executive law of Russia: textbook / Ed. V. I. Seliverstova. 8th ed., revised. and additional – M.: Norma: INFRA-M, 2020. – 432 pp.
8. Utevsky B. S. Guilt in Soviet criminal law. – M.: Gosyurizdat, 1950. – 319 p.
9. Yuzhanin V. E., Prikhozhaya L. E. Separate maintenance of different categories of prisoners sentenced to imprisonment // Bulletin of the Kuzbass Institute. – 2018. – No. 4 (37). – pp. 117-124.

CRIMINAL LAW
USOV Evgeniy Gennadjevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of the Baikal BRICS Institute of the Irkutsk National Research Technical University
RYABININA Elena Nikolaevna
lawyer, law office
KORSHUNOV Artem Viktorovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Criminal process and criminalistics sub-faculty of the Irkutsk Institute (branch) of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia)
PERYAKINA Marina Pavlovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty of the Pyatigorsk State University
PROBLEMS OF REGULATION OF THE IMPOSITION OF CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT IN THE FORM OF FORCED LABOR (ARTICLE 53.1 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION)
In the article, the authors turn to the analysis of such criminal punishment as forced labor (Article 53.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). In the context of the legal regulation of the institution of criminal punishment in the Russian Federation, a variety of forms of punishment designed to limit the property and labor rights of convicts is of fundamental importance. At the same time, the key problem that the authors draw attention to in this study is that forced labor as a type of criminal punishment cannot always be assigned to a commendable person. And this is due to the peculiarities of the legal regulation of this type of criminal punishment.
Keywords: criminal punishment, forced labor, criminal sanction, criminal liability, chastening person.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Gaukhman L.D. Qualification of crimes: law, theory, practice. – M., 2003. – P. 241-246.
2. Olkhovik N.V. Problems of execution of criminal penalties // Criminological Journal of the Baikal State University of Economics and Law. – 2011. – No. 2. – P. 54-60.

CRIMINAL LAW
FANTROV Pavel Petrovich
Ph.D. in political sciences, senior lecturer of Procedural law and criminalistics sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the VolgogradState University
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CRIMINAL LEGISLATION OF COUNTRIES OF THE CONTINENTAL LEGAL SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF REGULATING CRIMES AGAINST THE FAMILY AND MINORS
The article identifies and examines in complex four main groups of legal systems related to the continental legal family, in the context of protecting families and minors from criminal attacks. As a result of a comparative legal analysis, it was established that in a number of foreign European criminal codes, instead of the generalized concept of “cruel treatment”, which is characteristic of domestic criminal law, other concepts are normatively enshrined: causing physical or mental suffering (Criminal Code of Austria, Bulgaria); bullying through physical or mental pressure (Criminal Code of Poland); exposure to suffering (Norwegian Criminal Code). An analysis of foreign legislation of the continental legal family, to which the Russian legal system belongs, led to the conclusion that Russian norms, as a rule, provide much more complete criminal legal protection for families and minors.
Keywords: Criminal Code, continental legal system, crime, family, minors, comparative legal analysis.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Abdulgaziev R.Z., Amvrosov O.P., Kablov A.M. Criminal legal analysis and some problems of qualification of crimes against family and minors // Eurasian Legal Journal. – 2019. – No. 5 (132).
2. Kuznetsov A.P. Comparative criminal law: concept, subject, method, functions, tasks // Journal of Applied Research. – 2021. – No. 6-1.
3. Popov D.V. Personal integrity as an object of crimes committed through violence against family and minors // Legal education and science. – 2017. – No. 10.
4. Popov D.V. General and special in crimes against family and minors committed through violence in the criminal legislation of Russia and the countries of the European Union // International criminal law and international justice. – 2018. – No. 1.
5. Popov D.V. Comparative analysis of crimes against family and minors committed through violence under the current criminal legislation of Russia and the CIS countries // Modern science: actual problems of theory and practice. Series: Economics and law. – 2017. – No. 12.

CRIMINAL LAW
FASSAKHOV Aidar Mullanurovich
lecturer of Tactical-special and fire training sub-faculty of the Kazan Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
SAFIULLIN Rafael Ilfatovich
lecturer of Tactical-special and fire training sub-faculty of the Kazan Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
RULES FOR THE QUALIFICATION OF CRIMES AS ONE OF THE ELEMENTS OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF CRIMINAL LAW
The relevance of the topic raised is due to the variety of specific characteristics of crimes committed in the modern world. The article considers the main provisions on the need for the correct qualification of crimes as one of the elements of the legal regulation of criminal legislation. The exact and correct qualification of acts subsequently applies to the protective, preventive, regulatory, educational functions of criminal law. The authors’ positions on different approaches to the systematization of qualification rules, the grounds for their division and the establishment of identities of acts with legal signs of a crime have been studied. In the course of writing the article, the author used the dialectical method of cognition, analysis and synthesis. An optimal system of rules for the qualification of a criminal act as a legislative model for the implementation of criminal law has been proposed.
Keywords: concept of qualifications, rules of qualifications, crime, corpus delicti, general and special rules of qualifications.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Abramova A.V. The concept of qualification of crimes. — Text: immediate // Young scientist. – 2022. – No. 51 (446). — P. 429-432.
2. Abramova A.V. Types and stages of qualification of crimes. — Text: immediate // Young scientist. – 2022. – No. 51 (446). — P. 426-429.
3. Dyakov I. A. The importance of the objective side for the qualification of crimes. — Text: immediate // Young scientist. — 2021. — No. 46 (388). — P. 158-160.
4. Pusurmanov G.V. On the rules for qualifying crimes // Scientific notes of the St. Petersburg branch named after V.B. Bobkov of the Russian Customs Academy. — 2019. — No. 1 (69). — From 96-99.
5. Shvareva T.V. The importance of qualification of crimes. — Text: immediate // New Legal Bulletin. — 2019. — No. 1 (8). — P. 55-58.
6. Yaroshchuk M. V. Rules for the qualification of crimes and their implementation in law enforcement practice. — Text: directlyy // Young scientist. – 2019. – No. 22 (260). – pp. 390-393.

CRIMINAL LAW
SHIKHSHABEKOV Shikhshabek Yusupovich
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, professor of Social and natural science education sub-faculty of the A. I. Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University (Branch in Dagestan); Dagestan State Pedagogical University, Makhachkala
THE CONCEPT, SIGNS AND TYPES OF MULTIPLICITY OF CRIMES IN CRIMINAL LAW
The article discusses modern approaches to the concept of multiple crimes in Russian criminal law. The author analyzes the various points of view of scientists on the definition of the multiplicity of crimes and comes to the conclusion that in determining and analyzing the signs of a phenomenon, it is always necessary to reflect its essence. The purpose of this article is to study the concept of “multiplicity of crimes” in Russian criminal law through the prism of theoretical and legal aspects. In this regard, a number of doctrinal concepts of the multiplicity of crimes are criticized.
Keywords: multiplicity of crimes, forms of plurality, multiple crimes, aggregate, recidivism.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Ilidzhev A. A. Determination of the essence of the plurality of crimes according to the criminal code of the Russian Federation // YuP. – 2022. – No. 2 (101). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/opredelenie-suschnosti-mnozhestvennosti-prestupleniy-po-ugolovnomu-kodeksu-rossiyskoy-federatsii (Date of access: 03/03/2024).
2. Larina L. Yu. On the issue of the concept of the totality of crimes and its types // Legal science. – 2011. – No. 1. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/k-voprosu-o-ponyatii-sovokupnosti-prestupleniy-i-ee-vidah (Date of access: 03.03.2024).
3. Skripchenko N. Yu. New developments in the criminal legal protection of minors // Journal of Applied Research. – 2022. – No. 4. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/novoe-v-ugolovno-pravovoy-ohrane-nesovershennoletnih (Date of access: 03.03.2024).
4. Shkredova E. G. Plurality of crimes in modern doctrine: concept and signs // Journal of Russian Law. – 2014. – No. 10 (214). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/mnozhestvennost-prestupleniy-v-sovremennoy-doktrine-ponyatie-i-priznaki (Date of access: 03/03/2024).

CRIMINAL LAW
KHANOVA Zaira Reymanovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty of the North Caucasian Institute (branch) of the All-Russian State University (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia)
MAGOMEDOV Magomed Radzhabovich
lawyer of the Legal department of the All-Russian State University (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia)
PROBLEMS OF INVOLVING MINORS IN COMMITTING ANTISOCIAL ACTIONS BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN
The purpose of the study is to explain the occurrence of illegal actions related to the involvement of a minor in the commission of an antisocial act, as well as an attempt to find ways to solve the problem. The category of minors is one of the most susceptible to external influence. This explains the relevance of the issues raised in this article, namely the problem of involving minors in committing antisocial acts. Statistical data are also provided for the study, which will allow you to see the most general picture of the problem under study. Moreover, this scientific work attempts to formulate recommendations that could reduce the level of juvenile delinquency. The conclusions of this study can be considered that these voiced urgent problems require attention and prompt solutions, taking into account the norms of morality and morality.
Keywords: deviant behavior, juvenile delinquency, crime, latency, crime.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Constitution of the Russian Federation. – M., 2023.
2. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation dated June 13, 1996 No. 63-FZ (as amended on August 4, 2023). – M., 2023.
3. Khanova Z. R. Involvement of minors in committing antisocial actions: criminal legal and criminological problems: Author’s abstract. dis. …cand. legal Sci. – M., 2008.
4. Oleynikova T. A. Involvement of a minor in committing a crime and other antisocial actions: Author’s abstract. dis. …cand. legal Sci. – Rostov-on-Don, 2005.
5. Luneev V.V. Course of world and Russian criminology. General part: textbook for masters. – M.: Yurayt, 2016.
6. Shchegoleva A. N., Novikova E. P. Features of victimization of minors and ways to reduce it // Bulletin of the Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2015. – No. 1. – P. 190-196.
7. Polshikov A.V., Budanova E.A. Problems of preventing crimes associated with the involvement of minors in committing antisocial actions // Bulletin of the Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2018. – No. 2. – P. 202-209.
8. Batysheva E. V. Problems of preventive measures for involving minors in committing crimes and antisocial actions // Bulletin of the Siberian Legal Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2020. – No. 2. – P. 153-157.
References
1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation. – M., 2023.
2. The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of 06/13/1996 No. 63-FZ (ed. of 08/04/2023). – M., 2023.
3. Khanova Z. R. Involvement of minors in the commission of antisocial actions: criminal law and criminological problems: Abstract. diss. …cand. jurid. sciences’. – M., 2008.
4. Oleynikova T.A. Involvement of a minor in the commission of a crime and other antisocial actions: Abstract. diss. …cand. jurid. sciences’. – Rostov-on-Don, 2005.
5. Luneev V. V. Course of world and Russian criminology. General part: textbook for masters. – M.: Yurayt, 2016.
6. Shchegoleva A. N., Novikova E. P. Features of juvenile victimization and ways to reduce it // Bulletin of the Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2015. – No. 1. – Pp. 190-196.
7. Polshikov A.V., Budanova E.A. Problems of crime prevention related to the involvement of minors in the commission of antisocial actions // Bulletin of the Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2018. – No. 2. – Pp. 202-209.
8. Batysheva E. V. Problems of preventive measures involving minors in committing crimes and antisocial actions // Bulletin of the Siberian Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2020. – No. 2. – Pp. 153-157.

CRIMINAL LAW
VASILJEVA Darya Vladimirovna
assistant of Foreign law and comparative law sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Siberian Federal University, Krasnoyarsk
THE RATIO OF PREMEDITATED BANKRUPTCY TO THE COMPOSITION OF OTHER CRIMES ON OBJECTIVE GROUNDS
The article examines the relevance of premeditated bankruptcy today. The difficulty of applying Article 196 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is caused by an ambiguous understanding of the objective side and the object of the crime. A different interpretation of the disposition of Article 196 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation leads to the confusion of premeditated bankruptcy with related actus reus. For example, there are difficulties of distinguishing Article 196 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and Article 195 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The author proposes to distinguish this actus reus based on the connection of committed actions with insolvency. There are a similar situation with Article 196 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and Article 201 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In practice, it is difficult for courts to distinguish between the above-mentioned crimes without clear criteria, which currently do not exist in legislation.
Keywords: bankruptcy, premeditated bankruptcy, abuse of authority, the object of premeditated bankruptcy, the actus reus of premeditated bankruptcy, improvement of criminal legislation.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Zhilkin M.G. Differentiation of criminal liability for crimes in the sphere of entrepreneurial activity: problems of theory and practice: Dis. … doc. legal Sci. – M., 2019.
2. Commentary on the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: in 2 volumes / Ed. A. V. Brilliantova. – M.: Prospekt, 2015. – T. 1.
3. Russian criminal law. Special part: Textbook / Ed. G. A. Esakova. – M.: Prospekt, 2021.
4. Timerbulatov A. M. Deliberate bankruptcy // Legality. – 2000. – No. 2. – P. 13-16.
5. Criminal law. General part: Textbook / Ed. A. N. Tarbagaeva. – M.: Prospekt, 2016.
6. Criminal law. Special part: Textbook / Ed. I. V. Shishko. – M.: Prospekt, 2011.

CRIMINAL LAW
KOSTINA Elena Nikolaevna
adjunct of the St. Petersburg University of the MIA of Russia, major of police
INTERROGATION OF WITNESSES IN CRIMINAL CASES INITIATED ON THE FACTS OF INJURY TO MINORS AT RAILWAY TRANSPORT FACILITIES
The article examines the procedure for questioning the class teacher of a minor victim as a witness in criminal cases initiated on the facts of injury to teenagers at railway transport facilities, considers the need to establish the circle of communication of a minor, the possibility of involving these persons in thevestigation of criminal cases of this subject. The issue of the need to prevent crimes related to the direct injury of minors at transport infrastructure facilities by sending submissions to educational organizations is raised. Proposals have been developed to improve the quality of law enforcement practice.
Keywords: criminal cases on the facts of injury to minors at railway transport facilities, witnesses, the class teacher of a minor, investigators, representation.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Bykov V. Interrogation of the victim // Legality. – 2014. – No. 6.
2. Vaske E. V. Methodology of psychological interaction between an investigator and a minor during interrogation: a practical guide. – N. Novgorod: Investigative Directorate of the Russian Federation for the Nizhny Novgorod Region, 2013.
3. Vaske E. V. Psychological components of interaction with a minor during interrogation // Bulletin of Nizhny Novgorod University. – 2014. – No. 2.

CRIMINAL LAW
MAMMADOV Tamiz Saleh oglu
postgraduate student of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
BOYTSOV Anatoliy Sergeevich
Ph.D. in Law, Director of the Technosphere Safety Department of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
KAMENSKIY Alexander Sergeevich
Ph.D. in economical sciences, associate professor of the Technosphere Safety Department of the Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
ANALYSIS OF THE CORPUS DELICTI FOR NON-COMPLIANCE WITH SAFETY RULES DURING THE CONSTRUCTION OR DEMOLITION OF BUILDINGS (STRUCTURES) IN THE CRIMINAL LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY (REVIEW OF ARTICLE 176 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY)
The article considers article 176 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Turkey associated with the violation of safety rules during construction work and other activities. The participants in the crime, the legal nature of the crime, as well as objective and subjective signs of the criminal act were analyzed. The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the fact that despite the tightening of state control of all Turkish authorities over compliance with safety measures in the construction industry, the number of accidents during construction work that resulted in injury, as well as the death of workers, remains at an unacceptably high level. Currently, a measure to prevent crime in the described area is the supervisory and control activities of government bodies. To achieve a reduction in the level of crimes in this area, it is necessary to increase the number of inspections of compliance with legislation in the field of construction safety and labor protection, and as a result, an increase in cases of administrative liability based on the results of these inspections.
Keywords: safety rules, construction.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Criminal Code of the Republic of Turkey. [Electronic resource]. -Access mode: https://mevzuat.gov.tr/
2. Türk Ceza Hukuku (TCK) Dergisi ISSN: 1307-0851 Cilt: 11, Sayı: 32 / Aralık-2016, Makalenin Yayınlandığı Sayfa: 63-86.
3. TÜRK CEZA YASASI’NDA İŞARET VE ENGEL KOYMAMA SUÇU (TCK madde 178) Doç. Dr. Özlem YENERER ÇAKMUT – MÜHF – HAD, C. 17, S. 1-2.
4. TAKSİRLE TEHLİKEYE SEBEBİYET VERME SUÇU (765 S. TCK M. 383) GENEL GÜVENLİĞİN TAKSİRLE TEHLİKEYE SOKULMASI (5237 S. TCK M. 171) Prof. Dr. Mehmet Emin ARTUK* Yrd. Doç. Dr. İlhan ÜZÜLMEZ TBB Dergisi, Sayı 57, 2005 181-217.
5. [Electronic resource]. -Access mode: https://stanbul.ru/35-vvp-turczii-daet-stroitelnyj-sektor?ysclid=lpzr1ueval26362302 (Access date: 12/10/2023).
6. [Electronic resource]. -Access mode: https://www.evrensel.net/404 (Access date: 12/10/2023).
7. Fedorov A.V. Turkish criminal legislation on the liability of legal entities // Russian investigator. – 2023. – No. 05.

CRIMINAL LAW
STUPINA Svetlana Alexandrovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Forensic science sub-faculty of the Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy of the EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk
PUNISHMENT FOR MURDER: ON THE QUESTION OF JUSTICE
The article considers the issues of compliance of sanctions for murder in the current criminal legislation with the principle of justice. The analysis of official statistics data for the last thirty years on the number of registered murders, as well as on the number of people praise of this crime and the types of punishment imposed by the court verdict on such persons is presented. By means of comparative legal analysis, the issues of punishment for murder under the criminal legislation of the RSFSR and the Russian Federation are being investigated. Separate statements are formulated on the expediency of revising sanctions for murder in accordance with the modern realities of criminal policy and the goals of punishment.
Keywords: crime, punishment, justice, murder, sanction, sentencing.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Lechiev R.S. Criminal policy to ensure special military operations and protect the sovereignty of Russia in the new era // Criminological Journal. – 2023. – No. 3. – P. 123-130.
2. Repetskaya A. L. Specifics of the policy of combating crime in the context of the implementation of SVO // Current problems of the policy of combating crime: Materials of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference, Irkutsk, September 27, 2022. – Irkutsk: Baikal State University, 2023. – P. 59-63.
3. Soviet criminal law: General part / Under general. ed. Doctor of Law science prof. V. M. Chkhikvadze. – [6th ed.]. – Moscow: Gosyurizdat, 1959. – 464 p.
4. Russian criminal law. Lectures: General part: In 2 volumes. T. 2 / Tagantsev N. S.; Comp. and resp. ed.: Zagorodnikov N.I. – M.: Nauka, 1994. – 393 p.

CRIMINAL LAW
USOV Evgeniy Gennadjevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of the Baikal BRICS Institute of the Irkutsk National Research Technical University
BATANOV Alexander Anatoljevich
lecturer of Criminal process sub-faculty of the East Siberian Institute of the MIA of Russia, Irkutsk
RYABININA Elena Nikolaevna
lawyer, law office
PERYAKINA Marina Pavlovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty of the Pyatigorsk State University
PENALTIES RELATED TO THE PERFORMANCE OF WORK IN CRIMINAL LEGISLATION AND IN THE LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES
In the article, the authors turn to the analysis of criminal penalties related to the performance of work (compulsory work, correctional labor, forced labor) and implemented in Russia and in some foreign countries. The authors emphasize that often the sanction in the form of the fulfillment of labor obligations includes the involvement of a controversial person in a certain labor activity with the concomitant withdrawal and transfer to the treasury of the state of the established share of labor his remuneration.
Keywords: criminal punishment, compulsory labor, correctional labor, forced labor, criminal law sanction.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Bugera N. N. Features of the regulation of punishment in the form of compulsory, corrective and forced labor under the legislation of some foreign countries // Bulletin of the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Belarus. – 2016. – No. 1. – P. 220-223.
2. Lopotenko Yu. Yu. Problems of legislative regulation that arise when applying criminal punishment in the form of correctional labor // Society: politics, economics, law. – 2018. – No. 2. – P. 57-59.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
BATURINA Nataliya Igorevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, Deputy Head of Civil law disciplines sub-faculty of the Volgograd Academy of the MIA Russia
MITKOVA Yuliya Sergeevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal law, criminal process and criminalistics sub-faculty of the Volgograd Institute of Management – branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation
NOVELLA OF THE INSTITUTE FOR THE TERMINATION OF A CRIMINAL CASE: PROS AND CONS
The article provides an analysis of legislative innovations and materials of judicial practice concerning the termination of a criminal case due to the expiration of the statute of limitations for criminal prosecution if the accused or suspect objects to this decision, and there are no grounds for transferring a criminal case to court. The authors conclude that, given the undoubted importance of the analyzed novels for the legal status of the accused and the suspect, the question of the place of the victim and the civil plaintiff in this mechanism remains unresolved. In order to ensure the rights and interests of the parties to the prosecution and defense, a proposal was made to transfer the authority to make a decision on the termination of a criminal case or criminal prosecution in accordance with Part 2.2. of Article 27 of the Code of Criminal Procedure to the court.
Keywords: termination of a criminal case, termination of criminal prosecution, victim, civil plaintiff, non-involvement in the commission of a crime, statute of limitations of criminal prosecution.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Endoltseva A.V. Ensuring human rights when terminating a criminal case // Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2020. – No. 7. – P. 12-17.
2. Gulyaev A.P. Investigator in criminal proceedings. – M.: Legal literature, 1981. – 192 p.
3. Kalnitsky V.V. The procedure for termination of a criminal case (prosecution) by the court in connection with the imposition of a judicial fine // Legislation and practice. – 2016. – No. 2. – P. 6-12.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
GERASENKOV Vadim Mikhaylovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal law disciplines sub-faculty of the Academician I. G. Petrovsky Bryansk State University
SOME ASPECTS OF PARTICIPATION OF THE DEFENSE COUNSEL IN PRE-TRIAL PROCEEDINGS
This article discusses the characteristic features of the stage of initiating a criminal case, the specific features of the subject of proof at this stage of criminal proceedings. It is substantiated that, based on the results of the verification of statements or reports of crimes, the basis for making a procedural decision to initiate a criminal case is taken not only on the basis of available data, but also on evidence indicating the signs of a crime committed. The problematic issues of using the results obtained at the stage of initiating a criminal case in the process of proving in criminal cases are considered. The analysis of controversial and debateable issues related to the use of explanations in the process of proof is carried out. The essence and legal nature of the explanations received in the framework of procedural and operational-search activities are analyzed. Substantiations are given that the explanations received in the course of procedural activities by the investigator or interrogating officer, or on their written order by the employees of the body of inquiry at the stage of initiating a criminal case, are evidence and, as a type of evidence, relate to other documents. Also, directions for improving the criminal procedural legislation are determined to increase the efficiency of the stage of initiating a criminal case.
Keywords: criminal procedural legislation, the stage of initiating a criminal case, evidence, the process of proving, explanations, pre-trial proceedings, criminal proceedings, criminal case.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Vinogradov A. S. Obtaining explanations in criminal proceedings: problems of evidentiary value // Journal of Legal and Economic Research, 2019. – No. 2. – P. 52-56.
2. Kalugin A. G. On the issue of the subject of proof at the stage of initiating a criminal case // Current problems in the fight against crime: questions of theory and practice. Materials of the XXIII International Scientific and Practical Conference: in 2 parts. – Krasnoyarsk, 2020. – pp. 128-130.
3. Levchenko O. V. Some features of the subject and process of proof at the stage of initiating a criminal case // Law and State: Theory and Practice. – 2021. – No. 9 (201). – pp. 139-141.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
KOKOREVA Lyubov Vladimirovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, professor of Criminal process sub-faculty of the Moscow regional branch of the V. Ya. Kikot Moscow University of the MIA of Russia
MORUGINA Nadezhda Anatoljevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal process sub-faculty of the Voronezh Institute of the MIA of Russia
SOLDATKIN Vladislav Sergeevich
lecturer of Criminal process law and criminalistics sub-faculty of the Faculty of Law of the Vladimir Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
THE EVIDENTIARY VALUE OF THE SEARCH RESULTS AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS
The authors investigated the issues of the evidentiary value of the search results and the effectiveness of its production in the investigation of a criminal case. Attention is drawn to some theoretical and applied problems of conducting a search.
The importance of the results of operational investigative activities for making a decision on conducting a search is indicated. This information contributes to the effective conduct of the investigative action in question, minimizes the number of errors and tactical miscalculations during its conduct.
The types of evidence obtained during the search, the rules for the safety of what was found and seized during the search are considered.
According to the authors, the search is a complex and time-consuming investigative action that requires the official conducting it to have comprehensive knowledge, not only in the field of criminal procedure or criminology, but also psychology.
Keywords: investigative action, search, proof, criminal case.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Large dictionary of synonyms and antonyms of the Russian language. – M.: LLC “House of Slavic Books”, 2010. – 896 p.
2. Zhurba O. L., Torovkov S. A. On the issue of increasing the efficiency of search actions during a search. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/k-voprosu-povysheniya-effektivnosti-poiskovyh-deystviy-pri-proizvodstve-obyska/viewer (date of access: 02/28/2024).
3. Kozlovsky P.V. Using the results of operational investigative activities as grounds for carrying out investigative actions // Russian Investigator. – 2019. – No. 10.
4. Kokorev R. A. Technical and forensic support for the investigation of crimes // State, society, law: current issues of theory, history and social philosophy: collection of articles of scientific and representative events. – Ryazan: IP Kolupaeva E. V., 2023. – P. 187-190.
5. Kokorev R. A. Practical significance of the participation of a specialist in the production of certain investigative actions // Science and innovation: modern problems of theory and practice of law: collection of materials of the international scientific and practical conference within the framework of the IV International Science Festival, Moscow, February 20-21, 2019 of the year. – M.: Moscow State Regional University, 2019. – P. 108-110.
6. Material from Wikipedia – the free encyclopedia. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficiency (Date of access: 02/13/2024).

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
KOSAREV Sergey Yurjevich
Ph.D. in Law, professor of the Higher School of Jurisprudence and Forensic Technical Expertise of the Humanitarian Institute of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
KOCHEMIROVSKY Vladimir Alexeevich
Ph.D. in chemical sciences, associate professor of the Higher School of Jurisprudence and Forensic Technical Expertise of the Humanitarian Institute of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
MOKHOROV Dmitriy Anatoljevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, Director of the Higher School of Jurisprudence and Forensic Technical Expertise of the Humanitarian Institute of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
FOGEL Alyona Alexandrovna
Ph.D. in technical sciences, associate professor of the Higher School of Jurisprudence and Forensic Technical Expertise of the Humanitarian Institute of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
FORENSIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF ILLEGAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
This article discusses research and issues of laboratory-digital modeling in the field of environmental expertise of emissions of harmful (polluting) substances into the atmosphere and the use of special knowledge in the implementation of measures of criminal procedural coercion. The integration of technical and legal knowledge at the present stage of scientific and technological progress makes it possible not only to simplify the work of control and supervisory authorities, but also to assist the state and society in environmental protection issues. Conceptual historical developments with the use of existing regulatory and specialized technical documents in the context of combining digital tools allows us to form new approaches to expert research.
Keywords: criminal procedure, forensic examination, forensic environmental expertise, expert science, law enforcement.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Institute of Forensic Expertise and Criminalistics. The role of an expert in criminal cases of environmental crimes. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://ceur.ru/library/articles/817/item350780/ (date of access: February 20, 2024).
2. Federal Law No. 7-FZ dated January 10, 2002 (as amended on December 25, 2023) “On Environmental Protection” (as amended and supplemented, entered into force on March 1, 2024) @@ Federal Law dated November 23, 2024. 1995 No. 174-FZ (as amended on December 19, 2023) “On Environmental Expertise” @@ Federal Law dated May 4, 1999 No. 96-FZ (as amended on June 13, 2023) “On the Protection of Atmospheric Air” @@ Federal Law dated April 24, 2023 .1995 No. 52-FZ (as amended on June 13, 2023) “On the fauna” @@ “Water Code of the Russian Federation” dated June 3, 2006 No. 74-FZ (as amended on December 25, 2023) (as amended and additionally , entered into force on December 30, 2023) @@ “Land Code of the Russian Federation” dated October 25, 2001 No. 136-FZ (as amended on February 14, 2024) (with amendments and additions, entered into force on March 1, 2024 ) @@ “Forest Code of the Russian Federation” dated December 4, 2006 No. 200-FZ (as amended on August 4, 2023) (as amended and supplemented, entered into force on January 1, 2024) @@ Federal Law dated August 4, 2023 No. 469-FZ (as amended on December 25, 2023) “On amendments to the Federal Law “On Natural Healing Resources, Health Resorts and Resorts”, selectedlegislative acts of the Russian Federation and the recognition as invalid of certain provisions of legislative acts of the Russian Federation” @@ “Constitution of the Russian Federation” (adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993 with amendments approved during the all-Russian vote on July 1, 2020).
3. Kochemirovskaya S.V., Sokolov D.A., Fogel A.A., Mokhorov D.A. Physico-chemical foundations of materials science for forensic experts. – Publishing and Printing Association of Higher Educational Institutions. – St. Petersburg, 2023.
4. RD 52.04.59-85 “Guiding document. Protection of Nature. Atmosphere. Requirements for the accuracy of industrial emissions control. Methodological instructions” (approved and put into effect by the State Committee for Hydrometeorology of the USSR on December 30, 1985).
5. GOST 17.2.4.06-90 Nature conservation. Atmosphere. Method for determining the speed of gas and dust flows emanating from stationary sources of pollution.
6. Open joint-stock company “Research Institute for Atmospheric Air Protection” (JSC “Research Institute Atmosphere”). Methodological manual for analytical control of pollutant emissions into the atmosphere. – St. Petersburg, 2012.
7. Tertichnik E.I. Calculations of ventilation systems: textbook. Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. Federation, National researched Moscow state builds. univ. – Moscow: Publishing house Mosk. state builds. University, 2016.
8. GOST 17.2.4.06-90 Nature conservation. Atmosphere. Method for determining the speed of gas and dust flows emanating from stationary sources of pollution.
9. Peysakhov I. L. Atlas of diagrams and nomograms for gas and dust technology. – M.: Metallurgy, 1965.
10. PND F 13.1.2.3.71-11 “Methodology for measuring mass concentrations of polluting components in the air of a working area, atmospheric air, industrial emissions into the atmosphere using atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma.”
11. “Heat-generating devices operating on various types of fuel” Fire safety requirements. Test methods. Put into effect by order of the Main Directorate of State Traffic Safety of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated May 25, 1998 No. 38, Moscow.
12. PND F 13.1.76-15 “Methodology for measuring the mass concentration of benzo(a)pyrene by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection using a liquid chromatograph “Lumakhrom”, 2015.”

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
LATYPOV Vadim Sagityanovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, professor of Criminal process sub-faculty of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
GUSKOVA Anna Borisovna
student of the Faculty of Police Training of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
PROSPECTS FOR THE APPLICATION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE ACTIVITIES OF INVESTIGATIVE AUTHORITIES
The work explores the prospects for the use of innovative technologies in the activities of investigative authorities. In the context of the rapid development of information and communication technologies and their impact on various spheres of society, investigative authorities cannot remain aloof from this process. The work examines various areas of application of artificial intelligence in the activities of an investigator, as well as issues of the lawful use of innovative technologies in criminal proceedings.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, pre-trial proceedings, crime investigation, criminology, investigative activities.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Zelensky V.D. Information technologies in the activities of an investigator // Law and State: Theory and Practice. – 2023. – No. 2. – P. 218. (Date of access: 07/06/2023)
2. Lebedev M. D. Use of artificial intelligence in crime investigation // Skif. – 2020. – No. 7. – P. 47. (access date: 07/06/2023).
3. Ovchinnikova O. V. Prospects for the use of artificial intelligence in pre-trial proceedings // Legal order: history, theory, practice. – 2022. – No. 1. – P. 32. (Date of access: 07/06/2023).

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
MALOLETKINA Natalya Sergeevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, Head of State and legal disciplines sub-faculty of the Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
KHASNUTDINOV Renat Rafailjevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Organization of combat sub-faculty of the Samara State University of Economics
FANINA Mariya Nikolaevna
magister student of the 2nd course of the Samara State University of Economics
PROBLEMS OF APPOINTMENT AND PRODUCTION OF FORENSIC EXAMINATIONS ON CORRUPTION CRIMES
The problem of appointment and production of forensic examinations of corruption crimes is extremely relevant in modern society. Corruption, as a social phenomenon and system, exerts its destructive influence on the development of the state, the economy and violates justice. The spread of corruption leads to a deterioration in the situation of ordinary citizens, violates the principles of the rule of law and trust in the judiciary. Forensic examinations in cases involving corruption crimes are an integral and most important part of the investigative actions and the trial process. They help to establish facts, determine the extent of damage, assess the legality of actions and make informed decisions by judicial authorities.
Keywords: сorruption, corruption crime, judicial proceedings, investigative actions, forensic examination.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation dated December 18, 2001 No. 174-FZ (as amended on February 14, 2024) // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. – 2001. – No. 52. – Art. 4921.
2. Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated July 9, 2013 No. 24 (as amended on December 24, 2019) “On judicial practice in cases of bribery and other corruption crimes” // Rossiyskaya Gazeta dated July 17, 2013. – No. 154.
3. Kudryavtsev I.K., Obydennova A.A. The concept and significance of forensic examination in the investigation of criminal cases // International Journal of Humanities and Natural Sciences. – 2020. – No. 41. – P. 129-132.
4. Kunyasheva A. A., Pecheritsa E. V. Forensic economic examination in the investigation of corruption crimes // XV conference is dedicated to the Future of Russia. – 2022. – No. 6. – P. 115-119.
5. Luneev V.V. Corruption: political, economic, organizational and legal problems (Abstract of the report) // State and Law. – 2000. – No. 4. – P. 115-118.
6. Perevozchikov A.V. Some issues related to the appointment of forensic examinations in the investigation of corruption crimes // Young scientist. – 2021. – No. 49 (391). – pp. 257-259.
7. Podkatilina M. L. Problems of appointment and production of forensic handwriting examinations // Tribune of young scientists. – 2022. – No. 4. – P. 122.
8. Fialkovskaya I. D. Corruption: concept, signs, types // Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod University. N.I. Lobachevsky. – 2018. – No. 1. – P. 137-142.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
MALYKHINA Tatyana Anatoljevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Organization of judicial and law enforcement activities sub-faculty of the East Siberian Branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Irkutsk
QUESTIONS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF RESTRICTION OF FREEDOM AS ONE OF THE TYPES OF CRIMINAL PENALTIES IN RUSSIA
The article discusses the effectiveness of the use of such type of criminal penalties as restriction of freedom. The author explores the features of legal restrictions imposed on guilty persons when imposing punishment in the form of restriction of freedom. The study analyzes the statistics of the use of criminal punishment in the form of restriction of freedom by the courts of the Russian Federation. The article also examines the problems of using individual and stationary technical means of supervision and control to monitor information about convicts to the type of punishment under consideration.
Keywords: punishment, criminal punishment, deprivation of liberty, restriction of liberty, challenging person, effectiveness of criminal punishment, criminal enforcement inspection, court conviction, places of deprivation of liberty, non-custodial punishments .
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Malykhina T. A., Sidorova E. Z. On the issue of preventing modern juvenile crime (using the example of the Irkutsk region) // Verb of justice. 2023. No. 2 (32). pp. 12-16.
2. Titarenko A.P. Disciplinary responsibility of those sentenced to restriction of freedom for causing material damage while serving their sentence // Bulletin of Tomsk State University. 2013. No. 369. pp. 119-121.
3. Criminal law. General part: textbook. allowance / Under general. ed. V. A. Utkin, A. V. Shesler. Tomsk: Publishing House of Tomsk State University, 2016. P. 390.
4. Shulga A. A. Some problems of regulation and sentencing in the form of restriction of freedom // Bulletin of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2016. No. 3 (33). pp. 94-97.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
RABADANOV Ramazan Ruslanovich
magister student of the 2nd year of full-time study of the Institute of Law of the Dagestan State University, Makhachkala
BEGOVA Dinara Yakubovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal process and criminalistics sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Dagestan State University, Makhachkala
DETENTION IN THE RUSSIAN CRIMINAL PROCESS
The scientific article is devoted to the analysis of the process of detention in the criminal process of Russia, with an emphasis on procedural aspects, legal guarantees and issues of justice. The article discusses the main stages of the detention procedure, including the filing of a petition for the application of a preventive measure, judicial review of this petition and the adoption of a court decision. Special attention is paid to the factors influencing the decision on detention, such as the nature of the crime committed, the identity of the suspect or accused, his financial situation and other circumstances. The article also examines the legal guarantees provided to persons detained in accordance with the criminal procedure legislation of Russia.
Keywords: criminal procedure, detention, Russia, preventive measure, justice, legal guarantees, judicial decision.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Ganaeva E. E. The concept and essence of detention as a preventive measure // Issues of sustainable development of society. – 2022. – No. 8. – P. 734-739.
2. Dubrovsky N. S., Maslova E. A. Detention as a preventive measure that requires the greatest attention of the preliminary investigation authorities and the court // Innovative potential for the development of society: the view of young scientists: a collection of scientific articles of the 2nd All-Russian scientific conference of promising developments : in 5 volumes, Kursk, December 01, 2021. Volume 3. – Kursk: Southwestern State University, 2021. – P. 67-70.
3. Mishukova A. V. Detention as a preventive measure // Central Scientific Bulletin. – 2020. – T. 5. No. 11 (100). – pp. 19-21.
4. Nizamov, D. S. Detention as a preventive measure // Tribune of a scientist. – 2020. – No. 1. – P. 228-233.
5. Shcherbakova K. S. Detention as a preventive measure // Modern problems of science, society and education: collection of articles of the V International Scientific and Practical Conference, Penza, November 23, 2022. – Penza: Science and Enlightenment (IP Gulyaev G. Yu.), 2022. – P. 84-86.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
SOKOLOVA Tatyana Sergeevna
associate professor of Criminal process sub-faculty of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
FAYRUSHINA Rimma Damirovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Civil law sub-faculty of the Bashkir Academy of Public Service and Management under the Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan
GUARANTEES FOR THE PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF FREE ASSESSMENT OF EVIDENCE AT THE STAGE OF PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
It is known that the problem of the principles of criminal procedure has been studied very widely by criminal procedural science. Currently, many scientific works, works, monographs are devoted to this issue, however, they have not lost their relevance, because legal gaps still exist.
Keywords: principles, criminal procedure legislation, preliminary investigation, investigator, internal conviction, assessment of evidence, procedural guarantees.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Arestova E.N. Preliminary investigation in the internal affairs bodies. Interaction of the investigator with participants in criminal proceedings. – M., 2020. – P. 139.
2. On operational investigative activities: federal. Russian law Federation of August 12, 1995 No. 144-FZ: adopted by the State. Duma Feder. Collection Ross. Federation July 5, 1995: approved. Federation Council Feder. Collection Ross. Federation August 18, 1995 // Ross. Gas. – 2006. – September 10.
3. On approval of the Instructions for organizing the interaction of departments and services of internal affairs bodies in the investigation and detection of crimes [Electronic resource]: order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated June 20, 1996 No. 334. Access from the reference legal system “ConsultantPlus”.
4. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: federal. Russian law Federation of June 13, 1996 No. 63-FZ: adopted by the State. Duma Feder. Collection Ross. Federation May 24, 1996: approved. Federation Council Feder. Collection Ross. Federation June 5, 1996 // Collection. Russian legislation Federation. – 1996. – No. 25. Art. 2954.
5. Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation (Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation): Federal Law of December 18, 2001 No. 174-FZ: text as amended. and additional February 24, 2021 [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.pravo.gov.ru (Date of access: 02.12.2024).

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
BESEDIN Gleb Evgenjevich
master of laws (University Paris II Panthéon-Assas), master of laws (M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University)
DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT OF HEARSAY EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL PERSPECTIVE
The article discusses the concept of hearsay evidence in criminal proceedings, which in recent years has attracted increasing attention from law enforcement officials. In this regard, the problem of defining the concept of hearsay evidence is becoming increasingly relevant. The author states the lack of consensus in the Russian doctrine regarding the feature of hearsay evidence, which could form the basis for determining this type of evidence and, using the comparative legal method, turns to foreign criminal proceedings. By analyzing foreign approaches to hearsay evidence in criminal proceedings, the author identifies an important feature of derivative evidence, which is subsequently taken into account when drawing up the author’s definition of the concept in question.
Keywords: evidence, hearsay evidence, Russian criminal procedure, continental criminal procedure, Anglo-American criminal procedure.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Galyashin N.V. Anglo-Saxon model of derivative evidence (Hearsay) and the possibility of its use in Russian criminal proceedings: dis. …cand. legal Sci. – M., 2016.
2. Ulyanova L. T. Subject of proof and evidence in the criminal process of Russia. – M.: Gorodets, 2008.
3. Emson R. Evidence. – London: Palgrave Publishing, 2004.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
GADADOV Israfil Saidovich
postgraduate student of the 4th year of education of the Russian State University of Justice
LEGAL REGULATION OF THE ADMISSIBILITY OF EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL CASES
This article will consider the legal regulation of the admissibility of evidence in criminal cases. Some controversial issues related to the assessment and use of various types of evidence in sentencing will be considered. Understanding these aspects is important to ensure that persons suspected or accused of committing crimes are brought to justice fairly and lawfully.
Keywords: criminal proceedings, evidence, evaluationof evidence, admissibility of evidence, court.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Dolya E. A. Formation of evidence based on the results of operational investigative activities: monograph. – M.: Prospekt, 2022. – P. 61.
2. Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated April 20, 1999 No. 7-P “In the case of verifying the constitutionality of the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 of part one of Article 232, part four of Article 248 and part one of Article 258 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the RSFSR in connection with requests from the Irkutsk District court of the Irkutsk region and the Sovetsky district court of the city of Nizhny Novgorod” // ATP “ConsultantPlus”.
3. Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of March 5, 2004 No. 1 “On the application by courts of the norms of the criminal procedural code of the Russian Federation” // ATP “ConsultantPlus”.
4. Stetsovsky Yu. I., Larin A. M. The constitutional principle of ensuring the accused’s right to defense. – M.: Nauka, 1988. – P. 303.
5. Kipnis N. M. Admissibility of evidence in criminal proceedings. – M.: Lawyer, 1995. – P. 25, 48, 76.
6. Motovilovker Ya. O. Some aspects of the issue of admissibility (inadmissibility) of sources of evidence in Soviet criminal proceedings // Evidence in criminal cases: Interuniversity. Sat. – Krasnoyarsk, 1986. – P. 55-57.
7. Zolotykh V.V. Checking the admissibility of evidence in criminal proceedings. – Rostov n/d: Phoenix, 1999. – P. 47, 49.
8. Kalinkina L. D. Significant violations of the criminal procedural law and their differentiation from non-essential ones: abstract of thesis. dis. …cand. legal Sci. – Saratov, 1982. – P. 14.
9. Nemytina M.V. Russian jury. – M.: BEK, 1995. – P. 55; Nemytina M.V., Tikhonov A. Application of the norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in criminal proceedings / Constitutional law: Eastern European Review. – 1997. – No. 1. – P.58.
10. Motovilovker Ya. O. Some aspects of the issue of admissibility (inadmissibility) of sources of evidence in Soviet criminal proceedings // Evidence in criminal cases: Interuniversity. Sat. – Krasnoyarsk, 1986. – P. 55-57.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
ZHAKULIN Sayabek Sharipovich
adjunct of the Faculty of Training of Scientific and Scientific-pedagogical Personnel of the Academy of Management of the MIA of Russia
FORMS OF INTERACTION OF THE INQUIRER (INVESTIGATOR) IN THE INVESTIGATION OF VIOLATIONS OF TRAFFIC RULES AND OPERATION OF VEHICLES THAT CAUSED THE DEATH OF A PERSON ACCORDING TO THE MATERIALS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
The article describes the forms of interaction of the inquirer (investigator) in the investigation of cases of violation of traffic rules or operation of vehicles that caused the death of a person in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The author proposes the foundations of an integrated approach to the problem of interaction, which are highlighted as follows: 1) the level of law enforcement agencies and other services: interstate, interdepartmental, local; 2) duration of interaction: short-term and long-term; 3) content and forms of information transmission. In particular, the interaction in the production of secret investigative actions in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan is considered.
Keywords: forms, secret investigative actions, investigative task force, etc.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 3, 2014 No. 226-V (with amendments and additions as of July 12, 2023). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: www.adilet.kz.
2. Belkin R. S. Course of criminology: textbook, manual. 3rd ed. – M.: UNITA-DANA, Law and Law, 2001. – 837 p. – P. 139.
3. Tsepelev V. F. International cooperation in the fight against crime: criminal law, criminological and organizational legal aspects: monograph. – M., 2001. – 137 p. – P. 89.
4. Kotov V.V. Organizational and tactical foundations of interaction between the investigator and the bodies of inquiry in the production of individual investigative actions: abstract. dis. …cand. legal Sci. – Ekaterinburg, 2007. – P. 36.
5. Krivenko A.I. Interaction between the investigator and the authorities carrying out operational investigative activities. – M.: Yurlitinform. 2006. – P. 192.
6. Balashov A. N. Interaction of investigators and investigative bodies in the investigation of crimes. – M.: Legal. lit., 1979. – 110 p. – pp. 30-35.
7. Ishchenko E. P., Toporkov A. A. Forensics: Textbook / Ed. E. P. Ishchenko. – M.: Law firm “CONTRACT”; INFRA-M, 2003. – 780 p. – pp. 497-508.
8. Rakhmetova A. M. On the issue of classification of forms of interaction between the banking and real sectors of the economy // Bulletin of the Financial University. – No. 2. – 2013. – P. 94.
9. Chuvilev A. A. The use by the investigator of operational-search information at the stages of initiating a criminal case and preliminary investigationresearch: abstract. dis. …cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.09 “Criminal procedure and criminology; forensic examination”. – M., 1985. – P. 21.
10. Efimov S. N. The state of scientific research on the problems of interaction between investigative units of the police and law enforcement agencies in the investigation of crimes in the field of banking // in the collection of conference proceedings: Current problems in the fight against crimes and other offenses in the Russian Federation. Tula Institute (branch) of VSUYU (RPA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia). Tula, – 2023. – pp. 72-81.
11. Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 3, 2014 No. 226-V (with amendments and additions as of July 12, 2023). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: www.adilet.kz.

CRIMINAL PRINCIPAL LAW
SANDJEEV Tsetsen Altmanovich
adjunct of the Faculty of Scientific and Pedagogical Personnel of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
LEGAL NATURE OF RECIDIVISM OF CONVICTED PERSONS AT THE PRESENT TIME
The article is devoted to the recidivism of convicts in places of deprivation of liberty and under restriction of liberty. The factors arising in the process of recidivism of convicts who are in custody or serving sentences outside of isolation from society are considered. The specifics of penitentiary crime in correctional institutions have been revealed. It shows what comprehensive measures are needed to reduce recidivism both in places of detention and beyond. The role of improving legislation to reduce the recidivism of convicts is noted. It is concluded that the effective fight against the recurrence of crimes is an urgent and integral task in the modern legal society.
Keywords: relapse, recidivism of convicts, problems of legal regulation, improvement of legislation.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Bogatyreva V. S. Consolidation of the institution of recidivism of crimes in the criminal legislation of various states // State and law. – 2015. – No. 4. – P. 147-152.
2. Leshchenko O. V., Vorobyov S. M. Problems of penitentiary recidivism in places of deprivation of liberty and among convicts without isolation from society // Law and State: Theory and Practice. – 2021. – No. 7 (199). – pp. 161-164.
3. Romanovskaya I.V. Some features of the determination of recidivism // Eurasian Legal Journal. – 2023. – No. 2 (177). – pp. 332-334.
4. Sitnikova A.I. Recidivism of crimes: theory and practice // Russian investigator. – 2019. – No. 3. – P. 124-126.
5. Chernyshov V.V. The fight against recidivism as one of the main goals of the penal system // Bulletin of the Samara Legal Institute. – 2023. – No. 3 (54). – pp. 79-84.
6. Shuranova O. A. Recidivism of crimes as a criminal law consequence of a criminal record: contradictions of Russian criminal legislation // Criminal executive law. – 2023. – T. 18. No. 4. – P. 552-559.

CRIMINALISTICS
ANTONOV Alexander Olegovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminology and engineering expertise sub-faculty of the Hero of the Russian Federation Army General E. N. Zinichev St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia
BORZUNOVA Natalya Yurjevna
senior lecturer of Criminology and engineering expertise sub-faculty of the Hero of the Russian Federation Army General E. N. Zinichev St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia
FEATURES OF THE FORENSIC INVESTIGATION OF TRACES OF A SHOT AND AMMUNITION
The article examines the essence, types of firearms and traces of their use, as well as the consideration of the features of the forensic investigation of firearms, including traces of their use. Means, techniques and methods of detection, fixation, seizure and investigation of firearms and the consequences of their use in the object environment of the commission of a crime to resolve issues arising in investigative and judicial practice
Keywords: firearms, powder gases, shot production, expert opinion, casings and bullets, homemade weapons, converted weapons, adapted weapons.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Ardashev A. N., Fedoseev S. L. Special, unusual, exotic weapons. – Moscow: ACN Publishing House, 2003. – pp. 40-41.
2. Jumanov Sh. T. Forensic science. Textbook // Tashkent: Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 2017. – P. 147.
3. Opokin A. B., Zubach A. V. Identification studies of atypical firearms // Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2020. – No. 6. – P. 56-57.
4. Yarovenko V.V., Poleshchuk O.V. Forensic research of illegally manufactured firearms // Law and Politics.– 2007. – No. 3. – P. 135

CRIMINALISTICS
BIRYUKOV Svyatoslav Yurjevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Procedural Law and criminology sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Volgograd State University
THE DECISION ON THE INVOLVEMENT AS AN ACCUSED: MEANING AND CONTENT
Monitoring of Russian criminal procedure legislation, law enforcement practice, as well as the points of view of individual procedural scientists indicates an attempt to transform the meaning of one of the central procedural acts of the preliminary investigation – the decision to bring in as an accused This article examines the issues of the modern meaning and content of the said resolution in the context of preserving the classical meaning and content of the institution of bringing a person as an accused.
Keywords: the accused, the decision on bringing in as an accused, bringing in as an accused, the charge.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Grachev A. S. The meaning of a resolution to bring an accused: a statement that a person has committed a crime, or a fixation of his status? // Legal science and practice: Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. – 2021.
2. Russian Federation. Laws. Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation: Federal Law of December 18, 2019 No. 174-FZ // SPS “ConsultantPlus”.
3. Azarova E. S. Absentee proceedings in the criminal procedural system at the stage of trial // Bulletin of the Russian University of Cooperation. – 2016. – No. 4 (26).
4. Sergeev A.I. Involvement as an accused. Textbook of Soviet criminal procedure / Ed. V. P. Bozhieva. – M.: Legal. lit., 2008.
5. Pavlovsky O. Formulation of charges // Legality. – 2018. – No. 11.
6. Shimanovsky V.V. Involvement as an accused during the preliminary investigation: Training manual. – St. Petersburg, 2011.
7. Zhogin N.V. Prosecutor’s supervision over the preliminary investigation of criminal cases. – M.: Legal. lit., 1998.
8. Lapin I. B. On the expediency of using evidence in the decision to bring in as an accused // Bulletin of Krasnodar State University. Humanitarian. Sciences. – 2020. – No. 3/2.

CRIMINALISTICS
DOLGUSHINA Lyubov Viktorovna
Ph.D. in chemical sciences, associate professor, Head of Forensic science sub-faculty of the Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk
KRAVTSOVA Evgeniya Vladimirovna
senior lecturer of Forensic science sub-faculty of the Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk, senior expert of the Forensic Center of the Main Directorate of the MIA of Russia for Krasnoyarsk Territory
FEATURES OF THE INVESTIGATION OF FIRES IN FORESTS
The article analyzes issues related to the investigation of forest fires. Forest fires often cause the destruction of entire settlements, which leads to great material losses, and sometimes human casualties. When organizing and planning the investigation of fires in forest plantations, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of their occurrence. With complete information about the patterns and factors contributing to the spread of fire, you can begin to develop appropriate precautions and improve the fire safety system. The article presents the main causes of forest fires, the specifics of the investigation of fires in forests. This article provides recommendations that can help improve the investigation of forest fires and increase its effectiveness, as well as reduce the risks of such incidents in the future.
Keywords: fire investigation, forest fires, trace detection at the scene, scene, inspection of the scene.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Sharipova O. V. Criminal liability for illegal cutting of trees and bushes, destruction or damage to forests (based on materials from the Far Eastern region): abstract. – Omsk, 2006. – 19 p. – P. 12.
2. Siyanov D. A. Methodological recommendations for the investigation of fires in forests / Methodological manual. – Krasnoyarsk, 2005. – 451 p.

CRIMINALISTICS
KADIEV Gamid Rizvanovich
magister student of the 2nd year of full-time study of the Institute of Law of the Dagestan State University, Makhachkala
SEFIKURBANOV Kazimagomed Sefikurbanovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal process and criminalistics sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Dagestan State University, Makhachkala
SEARCH AND SEIZURE AS INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS
The scientific article discusses the current aspects of the procedure for conducting a personal search in the legal context of the Russian Federation. The authors analyze the main normative acts regulating this procedure, including criminal procedure legislation, and focus on problematic issues arising in the practice of application. The article discusses issues related to the rights and guarantees of citizens during the conduct of a personal search, the procedure for conducting it taking into account the legitimate interests of the parties, as well as the specifics of its application in modern conditions. The study aims to provide a clear overview of existing legislation and identify its gaps or inconsistencies in practice, which can contribute to improving the legislative framework in this area.
Keywords: legal regulation, personal search, Russia, criminal procedure legislation, guarantees of citizens, procedure, problematic issues.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Dolgieva M. M., Grabko P. S. Tactical differences during search and seizure // Trends in the development of science and education. – 2022. – No. 87-7. – pp. 36-39.
2. Kirdina N. A., Satemirov M. M. On the issue of the legal nature of a personal search // Young scientist. – 2019. – No. 48 (286). – pp. 233-235.
3. Motrovich I. D., Vasilyeva N. L. Personal inspection and personal search as measures to ensure the personal safety of police officers // Scientific portal of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2019. – No. 1 (45). – pp. 94-102.
4. Prokhorova T. L., Sytnikov V. O. On the issue of the concept of a personal search as an investigative action // Eurasian Scientific Association. – 2021. – No. 10-3 (80). – pp. 219-221.
5. Yakovleva S. A., Cherepanova D. A. Issues of legal regulation of personal search // Mari legal bulletin. – 2018. – No. 2 (25). – pp. 43-47.

CRIMINALISTICS
MASHLYAKEVICH Vyacheslav Andreevich
senior lecturer of Fire and technical training sub-faculty of the Barnaul Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
INTERMEDIARY OF THE OFFENCE AS AN ELEMENT OF THE CRIMINALISTIC CHARACTERISTIC OF FRAUDS COMMITTED BY MEANS OF TELEPHONE COMMUNICATIONS
The article considers the subject category “intermediary of crime” in relation to frauds committed with the use of means of telephone communication. The author analyzes the positions of the scientists, who deal with the research or similar concept in their works, special literature, empirical material. It is discussed about the need to include this element in the structure of the criminalistic characteristic of crimes of the considered type, as reflecting their specificity. In the course of the work the definition of the concept of “intermediary of crime” is formulated and the classification of these persons is given.
Keywords: intermediary of crime, telephone fraud, criminalistic characteristic.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Kustov A. M. Forensic doctrine of the mechanism of crime: dis. … doc. legal Sciences: 12.00.09. – Moscow, 1997. – 355 p.
2. Semenikhina T. N. Features of organizing the investigation of fraud using information and telecommunication technologies at the initial stage // Bulletin of the Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2023. – No. 2. – P. 307-312.
3. Mashlyakevich V. A. On the issue of preparatory measures carried out by criminals when committing fraud using telephone communications // Knowledge. – 2015. – No. 11-1. – pp. 99-103.
4. Mashlyakevich V. A. On the structure and content of the criminalistic characteristics of fraud committed using telephone communications // Altai Legal Bulletin. – 2016. –No. 2 (14). – pp. 102-106.
5. Heinze O. V. Criminal liability for mediation in the commission of crimes: dis. …cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.08. – M., 2022. – 202 p.
6. Smakhtin E.V. Forensic science: crisis or need to clarify the content of the subject? // Russian law: education, practice, science. – 2017. – No. 5 (101). – pp. 26-32.
7. Karepanov N.V. Forensic classification of traces depending on the method of their identification // Russian Legal Journal. – 2019. – No. 4 (127). – pp. 78-83.
8. Romanov A. A. On modern methods of fraud committed using mobile communications // Eurasian Legal Journal. – 2021. – No. 10 (161). – pp. 254-255.
9. Vasilyeva M. A. Criminalistic classification of persons committing certain environmental crimes // Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2020. – No. 1. – P. 121-124.

CRIMINALISTICS
NOVOSELOV Nikolay Georgievich
Deputy Chief of Operational investigative work sub-faculty of the I. D. Putilin Belgorod Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
ZHAMBOROV Anzor Anatoljevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Fire training sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Institute for Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
MIKHAYLOV Alexander Nikolaevich
senior lecturer of Operational investigative work sub-faculty of the I. D. Putilin Belgorod Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
LASHCHENKO Roman Alexandrovich
senior lecturer of Criminal law disciplines sub-faculty of the I. D. Putilin Belgorod Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
DESCRIPTION OF THE IDENTITY OF CRIMINALS WHO COMMITTED THEFT WITH ILLEGAL ENTRY INTO THE HOME AND APARTMENTS OF CITIZENS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE BELGOROD REGION FOR 9 MONTHS OF 2023)
This article examines the issues of operational investigative characteristics of the identity of criminals who committed thefts with illegal entry into the homes of citizens (using the example of the Belgorod Region for 9 months of 2023) in order to prepare scientifically based judgments on optimizing the conduct of operational investigative measures by internal affairs agencies, the optimal use of available forces and means.
When evaluating official statistical data and analytical documents of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Belgorod region at the level on the state of crime, disclosure and investigation of criminal cases of the type of crimes in question, the statistical district method was used in the work.
Using statistical data, the authors of the study analyzed the characteristics of persons who commit burglaries with entry into citizens’ homes, such as gender, age, education, occupation, place of residence and others. The results of the study indicate that criminals engaged in thefts from households have a stable criminal and mercenary motivation. Depending on their personal traits, level of training and experience, they use their antisocial tendencies to commit crimes.
Keywords: Belgorod region, thefts with illegal entry into citizens’ homes, the identity of the criminal, operational investigative characteristics, operational investigative measures.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Alekseeva E. A. Prevention of burglary in Russia and abroad: comparative criminological research: abstract of a dissertation for the degree of candidate of legal sciences. – Omsk. 2013. – 22 p.
2. Nosirzoda M. B. Forensic characteristics of residential burglaries // Legal life. – 2017. – No. 1 (17). – pp. 118-124.
3. Ivashchenko A.V. Personal characteristics of apartment thieves // Psychopedagogy in law enforcement agencies. – 2012. – No. 2 (49). – pp. 76-78.
4. Zagrebelnaya E. A. Characteristics of the personality of apartment thieves who commit thefts from apartments in border regions // Problems of law enforcement. – 2014. – No. 2. – P. 82-87.

CRIMINALISTICS
SEDOV Dmitry Vladimirovich
Ph.D. in technical sciences, associate professor, Head of Forensic science sub-faculty of the Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk
DOLGUSHINA Lyubov Viktorovna
Ph.D. in chemical sciences, associate professor, Head of Forensic science sub-faculty of the Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk
DETERMINATION OF THE CONTRIBUTION TO THE PROBABILITY OF A COLLISION WITH A PEDESTRIAN BY THE DRIVER
The problem of vehicles hitting pedestrians has arisen since the appearance of vehicles and has not lost its relevance to date. Every year, about 70 thousand collisions are committed in Russia, in which about 10 thousand pedestrians die and the same number become disabled. Every third hit occurs at pedestrian crossings. In each case on the facts of such road accidents, an objective assessment of the contribution of the driver and pedestrian to the occurrence of an accident is required. A formal approach based on the consideration of legal aspects alone is not always effective. So, in case of simultaneous violation of traffic rules by the driver and the pedestrian, their legal responsibility will formally be mutual, but the actual contribution to the occurrence of the accident, taking into account technical aspects, can differ significantly. Therefore, it is advisable to introduce new methods into forensic practice based on a probabilistic assessment of the contribution of the parties involved to the occurrence of an accident. This will allow, within the framework of civil proceedings, to more reasonably determine the proportions for compensation for the damage caused by the parties involved. The article sets out a number of proposals for the modernization of methods of expert research in this area.
Keywords: road, road accident, road conditions, pedestrian, driver, amount of liability, damages, probability of accident, forensic methods, auto-technical examination.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Road safety indicators // State Traffic Inspectorate. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://stat.gibdd.ru/.
2. Determination dated December 27, 2018 in case No. 33-8458/2018 / Judicial Collegium for Civil Cases of the Yaroslavl Regional Court // Archive of decisions of arbitration courts and courts of general jurisdiction. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://sudrf.kodeks.ru.
3. Determination of December 19, 2018 in case No. 33-13834/2018 / Judicial Collegium for Civil Cases of the Perm Regional Court // Archive of decisions of arbitration courts and courts of general jurisdiction. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://sudrf.kodeks.ru.
4. Ruling dated July 27, 2016 in case No. 33-7418/2016 / Judicial Collegium for Civil Cases of the Omsk Regional Court // Archive of decisions of arbitration courts and courts of general jurisdiction. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://sudrf.kodeks.ru.
5. Sedov D.V., Timofeeva S.S. Risks of road accidents: technical responsibility of drivers and road services // XXI century: Technosphere safety. – 2017. – No. 4. – P. 80-81.
6. Stolyarov V.V. Risk theory in forensic technical examination of road accidents involving pedestrians (+ABS): monograph. – Saratov, 2010. – pp. 10-15.

CRIMINALISTICS
SEROPOL Diana Igorevna
magister student of the 2nd course of the I. T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar
ANISICH Vladislav Andreevich
magister student of the 2nd course of the I. T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar
VLEZKO Dmitriy Alexandrovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminology sub-faculty of the I. T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar
SITUATIONAL MODELING IN THE PLANNING OF INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS
The quality of the preliminary investigation of crimes depends entirely on the legality and quality of the investigative actions carried out by the official. Compliance with the procedural form, adherence to the provisions of tactics and methods of conducting individual investigative actions, proper organization and planning will contribute to the effectiveness of solving the tasks of the preliminary investigation, the main of which is the full disclosure of the crime on time, as well as the exposure of those responsible for crimes. The authors analyze the application of situational modeling in the planning of investigative actions. The importance of the situational approach in the implementation of investigative actions is analyzed using practical examples. It was concluded that situational modeling of investigative actions is an effective means of optimizing the entire investigation process, rationalizing the workload of the investigator and combining it with his working time.
Keywords: planning, investigative action, situational approach, investigative situation, investigator, investigation.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Zelensky V.D. Basic provisions for organizing the investigation of crimes. Tutorial. Krasnodar: KubGAU, 2012. 160 p.
2. Forensics: Textbook for universities / T. V. Averyanova, R. S. Belkin, Yu. G. Korukhov, E. R. Rossinskaya; Ed. R. S. Belkina. M.: NORM, 2001. 990 pp.
3. Ishchenko E. P. Fundamentals of planning and programming investigative activities: abstract of thesis. …cand. legal Sciences / Moscow State Law Academy. M., 2009. 200 pp.
4. Danilyan E. S. On the situational approach to the investigation of crimes // In the collection: Current problems of criminal proceedings and criminology. Collection of scientific articles. Mogilev, 2023. pp. 55-58.
5. Gavlo V.K., Kim D.V. Some issues of applying the situational approach at the initial stage of crime investigation // In the collection: Innovations of legal science and practice as a factor in the harmonization of relationships between the individual, society and the state. materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. 2017. pp. 248-251.
6. Shefer V. A. Situational approach to putting forward versions of the identity of the criminal during the investigation of non-obvious crimes // In the collection: Situational approach in legal science and practice: modern opportunities and development prospects. Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the 15th anniversary of the scientific school of forensic situationology at IKBFU. I. Kant. 2017. pp. 170-174.
7. Investigation of murders / V. D. Zelensky, S. A. Kuemzhieva, D. A. Vlezko [and others]. Krasnodar: Kuban StateAgrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, 2019. 176 p.
8. Vlezko D. A. Problems of determining the object and subject of criminology // Scientific support of the agro-industrial complex: Collection of articles based on the materials of the IX All-Russian Conference of Young Scientists / Rep. for issue: A. G. Koshchaev. Krasnodar: Kuban State Agrarian University, 2016.
9. Volchetskaya T. S. Situational approach to practical and research forensic activity: Textbook. allowance / Kaliningrad. univ. Kaliningrad, 1999. 74 p.

CRIMINALISTICS
SHAPOVALOVA Tatyana Ivanovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Forensic science sub-faculty of the Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk, associate professor of Jurisprudence sub-faculty of the Academician M. F. Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology
FEATURES OF CRIMINALLY SIGNIFICANT INFORMATION
Information is one of the basic needs of modern man. Information is necessary in order for a person to be included in various types of human activities. It is information that provides the process of thinking. Reliable, truthful, timely information is a very important factor in solving crimes
This paper examines the features of criminalistically significant information that is actively used in the disclosure and investigation of crimes, its difference from conventional types of information, as well as types of forensic information, its classification, and methods of its fixation. The author analyzes the various points of view of criminologists on this issue.
Keywords: criminalistically significant information, traces, evidence, crimes, investigator.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Averyanova T.V. Forensic examination. General theory course: for use in the educational process in the specialty “Forensic Science”. – Moscow: Publishing House Norma, 2009. – 479 pp.
2. Belkin, R. S. Course of criminology: Textbook. a manual for university students studying law. specialties. – 3rd ed., add. – Moscow: Unity, 2001. – 837 p.
3. Belkin, R.S. Forensic Encyclopedia: Reference Guide. – M.: BEK, 1997. – 342 p.
4. Grigoriev, A. N. Theoretical aspects of information and its protection in the preliminary investigation of crimes: abstract of thesis. … candidate of legal sciences: 12.00.09 / Kaliningrad. legal Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – Kaliningrad, 2002. – 23 p.
5. Forensics. Part 1 / Student Library – Textbooks. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: studd.ru›lib/2/72/30.
6. Parshina E. N. Problems of information support and information protection in the preliminary investigation of crimes: abstract of thesis. … candidate of legal sciences: 12.00.09 / Udmurt. state univ. – Izhevsk, 2004. – 23 p.
7. Tertyshnik V. M. Criminal process: Textbook. – 2nd ed., trans. and additional – Kharkov: Arsis, 1999. – 528 p.

CRIMINALISTICS
BALABKIN Dmitriy Alexeevich
student of the Higher School of Law and Forensic Technical Expertise of Humanitarian Institute of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
ABROSIMOV Ilya Sergeevich
student of the Higher School of Law and Forensic Technical Expertise of Humanitarian Institute of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
GOGOLEVA Valentina Vladimirovna
associate Professor of the Higher School of Jurisprudence and Forensic-Technical Expertise of Humanitarian Institute of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
CRIME INVESTIGATION PLANNING
The article discusses the main methods and techniques of crime investigation. The main stages of planning and what investigators need to take into account when drawing up a crime investigation plan are discussed. Various types of investigative action plans and operational measures allow you to effectively approach the resolution of criminal cases. Based on the analysis of versions, episodes and individual circumstances, investigation plans contribute to the systematic conduct of the investigation and provide significant results. The authors believe that planning a crime investigation is one of the main stages in achieving the goal of solving crimes. The work concludes that various types of investigative action plans and operational measures allow an effective approach to resolving criminal cases.
Keywords: planning, principles of planning, investigations, criminal case, stages of planning.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Zavyalov V. A. Classification of tactical operations // Legal science. –2020. – No. 2. – P. 95-98.
2. Dubrovitskaya L. P., Luzgin I. M. Investigation planning: textbook. allowance. – M.: Higher School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, 1972.
3. Kornelyuk V. S., Kulagin N. I., Nosov A. V. Organization of investigative work: textbook. allowance. – M.: TsOKR Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2009.
4. Kubanov V.V., Tolokonnikov V.K. Principles of planning crime investigations. Bulletin of the Samara Law Institute. – 2015. – No. 3. – P. 53-57.
5. Khismatullina R. R. Current issues of planning in the investigation of crimes // Economics and society. – 2017. – No. 1-2. – pp. 1476-1478.

CRIMINOLOGY
BADRETDINOV Ainur Ildarovich
adjunct of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
ON THE PREVENTION OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION BY MINORS
The article contains a general description of the motivational sphere of alcohol consumption by minors. Special attention is paid to the prevention of such phenomena, family upbringing and the influence of negative factors, including alcohol, on juvenile delinquency. The relevance of the topic is due to the objective need to address the topical issue of alcohol consumption by adolescents as one of the system-forming elements of juvenile delinquency. In this regard, a number of questions arise related to the causes and motives of the consumption of alcoholic beverages by persons under the age of 18.
Keywords: alcohol, minors, teenage alcoholism, juvenile delinquency.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Knyazeva T. M., Shapiro Yu. G. Socioclinical analysis of female alcoholism // Questions of Narcology. – 2006. – No. 3. – P. 43-48.
2. Divaeva I. R., Nikolaeva T. V., Malikov B. Z., Badamshin I. D., Garifullina R. F., Nabiev F. F., Shaikhullin M. S., Peyzak R. I., Peizak A.V., Litvina A.V., Migranov R.N. Course of lectures in 2 parts / Part 2. – Ufa, 2022. – 39 p.
3. Lokteva A. V. Formation of alcohol dependence in adolescence (biological and psychological aspects) // Questions of journalism, pedagogy, linguistics. – 2012. – No. 6 (125). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/ article/n/ formirovanie – alkogolnoy – zavisimosti – v podrostkovom – vozraste – biologicheskie – i – psihologicheskie – aspekty (date of access: 02/11/2024).
4. Likholet E. N., Slivko N. K., Bondarenko D. M. On the issue of administrative responsibility for the acquisition and transfer of alcoholic products to minors // Law and Practice. – 2022. – No. 3. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/k-voprosu-ob-administrativnoy-otvetstvennosti-za-priobretenie-i-peredachu-alkogolnoy-produktsii-nesovershennoletnim (date of access: 02/10/2024).
5. Windle M. Parental, sibling, and peer influences on adolescent substance use and alcohol problems // Applied Developmental Science. – 2000. – Vol. 4. – P. 98-110. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://api.semanticscholar. org/corpusid:144115640 (date of access: 02/10/2024).
6. Official website of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia // Text: electronic // [site]. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://mvd.rf/reports/item/44036297/ (date of access: 02/10/2024).
7. Official website of the World Health Organization // Text: electronic // [site]. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://gateway. euro.who.int/ru/indicators /hbsc_23-alcohol-consumption/#id = 27,152 (access date: 02/10/2024).
8. Official website of the World Health Organization // Text: electronic // [site]. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://gateway.euro. who.int/ru/indicators/hbsc_55-drinking-spirits/#id=27176
9. Official website of TASS // Text: electronic // [website]. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://tass.ru/obschestvo/8504561 (date of access: 02/10/2024).
10. Information and analytical report on the results of a monitoring study for the 2022-2023 academic year // Text: electronic // [website]. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://gc-pmss.ru/files/2023/pav.pdf (date of access: 02/10/2024).

CRIMINOLOGY
KABAKOVA Ekaterina Sergeevna
lecturer of Forensic examination sub-faculty of the Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy of the EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk
EXPLOSIVE DEVICES AND EXPLOSIVES: EFFECTIVE CRIME PREVENTION MEASURES
This article discusses explosive devices and explosive substances (HE and explosives), which are one of the most dangerous types of weapons used to commit crimes. Their use can result in serious consequences, including loss of life, destruction of property, and disruption of public safety. Effective strategies and prevention measures are needed to prevent crimes involving the use of explosive devices and explosive substances.
Keywords: crime prevention, explosives, explosive devices, explosion, weapons.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Rudenok V.P., Seleznev S.A., Dmitrieva N.V. Explosive devices: concept, types, problems and methods of neutralization // Current research. – 2021. – No. 11 (38). – P. 6-9. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://apni.ru/article/2060-vzrivnie-ustrojstva-ponyatie-vidi-problemi.
2. Baratov A. N., Korolchenko A. Ya., Kravchuk G. N. et al. Fire and explosion hazard of substances and materials and means of extinguishing them. Ref. ed. in 2 books: book. 1. – M.: Chemistry, 1990. – 495 p.
3. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 12, 2009 No. 537 “National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2020.”
4. Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated March 12, 2005 No. 5 (Ed. dated December 19, 2013) “On judicial practice in cases of theft, extortion and illegal trafficking of weapons, ammunition, explosives and explosive devices” 2954 [Electronic resource] // Reference and legal system “ConsultantPlus” (Date of access: 03/03/2024)
5. Zhalinsky A.E., Kostitsky M.V. Efficiency of crime prevention and criminological information. – Lvov. 1980. – pp. 41-45.
6. Doctor A.G. Prevention of crimes. – M., 1972. – P. 90.

CRIMINOLOGY
NESTERENKO Andrey Vladimirovich
Deputy Head of Law enforcement organization sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Institute for Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
THE MAIN PERSONALITY TRAITS OF A VIOLENT CRIMINAL
The article examines the main characteristic features inherent in the personality of a violent criminal. The author comes to the conclusion that its formation is influenced by psychological, social and criminal-legal factors that allow typologizing the personality of such criminals into criminally malicious, aggressive-situational, habitually infantile, dependent (additive) and highlighting their features when committing socially dangerous acts.
Keywords: criminal identity, determinants, victim behavior, addictive behavior, violent crime criminal identity, determinants, victim behavior, addictive behavior, violent crime.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Rempel V.V. Criminological characteristics of the personality of a criminal // Bulletin of Magistracy. 2021. No. 5-1 (116).
2. Pestereva Yu. S. Social and psychological factors that determine violent crime in modern Russia // Omsk Scientific Bulletin. 2006. No. 2 (35).
3. Okutina N. N., Zabelich L. V. Juvenile crime in Russia: state and preventive measures // Bulletin of the Ufa Legal Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2023. No. 1 (99).
4. Rud V. G. Personality types of a minor violent criminal // Bulletin of the Krasnodar University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2012. No. 1 (15).
5. Surtsev A.V., Napsokov A.R. Concept and criminological typology of violent criminals // Education and Law. 2022. No. 6.
6. Nesterenko A.V. On the issue of classification of negative social phenomena associated with crime // Eurasian Legal Journal. 2023. No. 11 (186).

CRIMINOLOGY
TEOKHAROV Alexander Konstantinovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminology and crime prevention sub-faculty of the Omsk Academy of the MIA of Russia
MAKSIMOV Andrey Sergeevich
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor of Criminology and crime prevention sub-faculty of the Omsk Academy of the MIA of Russia
BONDAR Albert Yanovich
senior lecturer of Physical training sub-faculty of the East Siberian Institute of the MIA of Russia, Irkutsk
METHODS OF LEGALIZATION (LAUNDERING) OF CRIMINALLY OBTAINED FUNDS AND MEASURES AIMED AT THEIR DETECTION
In order to avoid the seizure by the state of property acquired by criminal means and to place criminal proceeds in legal circulation, criminals commit actions aimed at their legalization, that is, giving a legal (legal) form to the possession, use or disposal of said property. The article describes the common methods of money laundering obtained by criminal means, and also suggests measures aimed at countering this criminal phenomenon. The authors note that in recent years, countering the commission of crimes under Articles 174 and 174.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation has been characterized by increased complexity. This circumstance gives special relevance to the study of problematic issues of identification and disclosure of the legalization of property acquired by criminal means for practical law enforcement officers. According to the authors, the leading rolee in the fight against the legalization of criminal proceeds belongs to the drug trafficking units, which, in cooperation with Rosfinmonitoring, have extensive opportunities to obtain information necessary to identify, suppress and disclose these crimes, and ensure their successful preliminary investigation. The authors note that only in the case of joint, coordinated activities of employees of operational, investigative and expert units, it becomes possible to successfully solve criminal cases related to the legalization of criminally obtained funds. It is concluded that it is necessary to include in the current legislation norms that allow, on the initiative of operational units, to block the movement of funds held in bank accounts or electronic wallets of payment systems used by criminals.
Keywords: countering the legalization of criminal proceeds, laundering of criminal proceeds, drug trafficking, cryptocurrency, economic security, operational investigative measures.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Korotun A.V., Fomenko I.V. Transformational methods of legalizing funds received as a result of the distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances // Science and education: economy and economics; entrepreneurship; law and management. – 2023. – No. 8 (159). – pp. 103-109.
2. Smirnov M. A. Issues of counteracting the legalization (laundering) of funds or other property acquired by another person through criminal means // Bulletin of the Mari State University. Series: Historical Sciences. Legal sciences. – 2023. – T. 9. No. 2 (34). – pp. 157-162.
3. Kushaev S. A., Alikerimova T. D. Criminal economy: examples of legalization // Issues of sustainable development of society. – 2020. – No. 9. – P. 120-124.
4. Ivanov P.I. On the methodology for investigating crimes related to the laundering of income acquired by criminal means // Problems of criminal procedure law and criminology: collection of scientific articles. – Orel, 2021. – pp. 43-50.
5. Gaivoronsky V. L. The essence and methods of legalization (laundering) of funds or other property acquired by criminal means // Current research. – 2021. – No. 23 (50). – pp. 74-76.
6. Rogatenyuk E. V. Risks of involving organizations in the processes of legalization of criminal income: essence, approaches to identification // Economics of construction and environmental management. – 2020. – No. 3 (76). – pp. 34-39.

CRIMINOLOGY
MULYAVKO Denis Evgenjevich
postgraduate student of Criminology and criminal executive law sub-faculty of the O. E. Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)
ABOUT THE DOCTRINAL DEFINITION OF THE CIVIL SERVANT IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION
The article is dedicated to the study of the definition of the concept of a civil servant in the Russian Federation. The author analyzes the views of representatives of the legal scientific community on this category, notes the high level of discussion on the formulation of the definition of the civil service in general and the civil servant in particular. Coming to the conclusion about the insufficiently complete scientific study of the term, the author formulated his own definition of the analyzed category. It is proposed to include characteristics in the definition that reflect the requirements for the moral and volitional qualities of a civil servant and his ability, according to his inner beliefs, to be a representative of the state in society. The author believes that this approach will have a positive impact on the scientific development of aspects of overcoming corrupt behavior of civil servants.
Keywords: civil service, civil servant, functions of the state, overcoming corrupt behavior of civil servants, efficiency of public service.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Administrative law of Russia: textbook and workshop for universities / A. I. Stakhov [et al.]; edited by A. I. Stakhov, P. I. Kononov. – 3rd ed., revised. and additional – Moscow: Yurayt Publishing House, 2023. – 484 p.
2. Aleva-German E. A. A. On the issue of defining the term “function of the prosecutor’s office” // Bulletin of the Saratov State Legal Academy. – 2021. – No. 1 (138). – pp. 168-178.
3. Alekhin A.P., Karmolitsky A.A., Kozlov Yu.M. Administrative law of the Russian Federation. – M.: NORM, 2001. – P.109-112.
4. Alontseva D.V., Lavrishcheva O.A. On the issue of latency of corruption-related actions in the education system // Public service and personnel. – 2022. – No. 1. – P. 17-19;
5. Batychko V. T. Administrative law. Lecture notes. – Taganrog: TTI SFU, 2008. – 45 p.
6. Large explanatory dictionary of the Russian language / Comp. and ch. ed. S. A. Kuznetsov. – St. Petersburg: “Norint”, 2000. – 1536 pp.
7. Voronin O. V. On the issue of the content of modern prosecutorial supervision // Vestn. Volume. state un-ta. – 2011. – No. 346. – P. 95-98.
8. Gaidar A. A. The concept of “civilian public servant” in the legislation of Russia // Tatishchev Readings: Current Problems of Science and Practice: Materials of the XV International Scientific and Practical Conference. In 3 volumes, Tolyatti, April 20-21, 2018. Volume 3. – Togliatti: Volga University, 2018. – pp. 192-197.
9. Dobrobaba M.B. Administrative and legal status of civil servants of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation: dis. …cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.14. – Krasnodar, 2006. – 236 pp.
10. Elfimov O. M. Economic crime as a threat to the economic security of modern Russia // Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2008. – No. 1 (8). – pp. 168-174.
11. Ivanov P. I., Shegabudinov R. Sh. Economic and corruption crime and its latency as an object of criminological study // Bulletin of Economic Security. – 2017. – No. 3. – P. 111-116.
12. Izmailov D.S. The concept and content of the public service regime // “Black holes” in Russian Legislation. Legal journal. – M.: “1s: Computer Audit”. – 2005. – No. 1. – P. 380-397.
13. Ilyina T. A. Civil servant: concept, status, professional training on the example of the prosecutor’s office of the Primorsky Territory // State and municipal management in the XXI century: theory, methodology, practice. – 2015. – No. 18. – P. 124-128
14. Inshakov S. M., Kazakova V. A. Criminal legal aspects of corruption research // Bulletin of the Moscow State Linguistic University. Education and pedagogical sciences. – 2019. – No. 1 (830). – pp. 236-245.
15. Istomina T. A. On the need to transform the modern definition of public service // Power. – 2011. – No. 7.
16. Kenik K.I. Public service and civil servants: definition of concepts // Management problems (Minsk). – 2003. – No. 3 (8). – pp. 30-34.
17. Kozhaev A.V. The concept and characteristics of a FSIN employee as a civil servant // International Journal of Humanities and Natural Sciences. – 2023. – No. 2-2 (77). – pp. 163-167.
18. Komakhin B. N. On the issue of the concept of “civil servant” in administrative law // Education and Law. – 2013. – No. 9. – P. 136-141.
19. Malyutina E. L. On the issue of the anti-corruption potential of the oath of a state civil servant // Bulletin of scientific conferences. – 2016. – No. 3-6 (7). – pp. 69-72.
20. Matskevich I. M. Philosophy of fighting crime // Bulletin of the University named after O. E. Kutafin (MSAL). – 2017. – No. 7 (35). – pp. 10-18.
21. Mulyavko D. E. True and false understanding of official solidarity of civil servants of public authorities of the Russian Federation // Traditions and innovations in the system of modern Russian law: Materials of the XXII International Scientific and Practical Conference of Young Scientists. In 3 volumes, Moscow, April 07–08, 2023. Volume 1. – Moscow: Moscow State Law University named after O. E. Kutafin (MSAL), 2023. – P. 383-385.
22. Nagornykh R.V. Administrative and legal foundations of the formation and development of public service in Russia in the pre-revolutionary and Soviet periods // Penitentiary science. – 2023. – T. 17. No. 3 (63). – P. 301-309.
23. Polyakov M. M. Administrative and legal counteraction to corruption in public administration: concept and content // Administrative law and process. – 2023. – No. 12. – P. 21-24.
24. Soviet administrative law. Textbook / Vlasov V. A., Studenikin S. S. – M.: Gosyurizdat, 1959. – 535 p.
25. Starilov Yu. N. Public service in the Russian Federation (theoretical and legal research). dis. … doc. legal Sciences: 12.00.02 – Voronezh, 1996. – 478 p.
26. Stolyarova E. E. Legislation of the Russian Empire of the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. on civil public service: dis. …cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.01. – Ekaterinburg, 1998. – 176 pp.
27. Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language: [in 4 volumes] / [op.] by Vladimir Dahl. – 3rd ed., rev. and meaning add., ed. edited by [and with a foreword] prof. I.A. Baudouin-de-Courtenay. T. 1-4. – Saint Petersburg; Moscow: T. M. O. Wolf, 1903-1911. – 27 cm. T. 4. – St. Petersburg, 1909.
28. Khatyushenko O. M. Administrative and legal status of a civil servant of the Russian Federation: dis. …cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.02. – Moscow, 1999. – 166 p.

LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES
ABDULLIN Artur Rishatovich
Deputy Head of Special training sub-faculty of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel of police
NAGORNY Alexander Petrovich
senior lecturer of Special disciplines sub-faculty of the Crimean branch of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, Simferopol, lieutenant colonel of police
PLATONOV Leonid Alexeevich
senior lecturer of Fire training sub-faculty of the Siberian Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, Krasnoyarsk, lieutenant colonel of police
STRIZHANOV Alexey Vyacheslavovich
senior lecturer of Fire training sub-faculty of the Voronezh Institute of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel of police
FORMATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL STABILITY OF POLICE OFFICERS WHEN PERFORMING TASKS IN SPECIAL CONDITIONS
In this article, the authors conduct an empirical analysis of the term psychological stability, as well as consider methods for the formation and development of psychological stability among police officers performing tasks in special conditions. The method of modeling a possible stressful situation is considered as the main method of forming psychological stability. At the same time, the authors emphasize the need to teach methods of self-regulation of the emotional state.
Keywords: police officers, skills development, psychological stability, stress, self-regulation methods, training.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Bathaev V.V., Suraeva E.A. Study of the problems of providing psychological assistance to police officers performing official tasks in emergency circumstances // Psychology and pedagogy of official activity. – 2020. – No. 1. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/issledovanie-problem-okazaniya-psihologicheskoy-pomoschi-sotrudnikam-ovd-vypolnyayuschim-sluzhebnye-zadachi-pri-chrezvychaynyh (Date of access: 03/12/2024).
2. Darvish O. B. Psychological stability as a basic characteristic of personality // Siberian Pedagogical Journal. – 2008. – No. 7. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/psihologicheskaya-ustoychivost-kak-bazovaya-harakteristika-lichnosti (Date of access: 03/13/2024).
3. Karabash D.V. Increasing the psychological stability of employees of internal affairs bodies // Problems of modern pedagogical education. – 2020. – No. 66-1. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/povyshenie-psihologicheskoy-ustoychivosti-sotrudnikov-organov-vnutrennih-del (Date of access: 03/12/2024).
4. Krupnik E. P., Lebedeva E. N. Psychological stability of personal constructs during adulthood // Psychological Journal. – 2000. – Volume 21. No. 6. – P. 12-23.
5. Kuzhevskaya E.B., Smyk E.I., Panurova N.S. Formation of moral and psychological stability among law enforcement officers performing official duties in special conditions // Psychology and pedagogy of official activity. – 2020. – No. 1. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/formirovanie-moralno-psihologicheskoy-ustoychivosti-u-sotrudnikov-pravoohranitelnyh-organov-vypolnyayuschih-sluzhebnye (Date of access: 03/12/2024).

LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES
GOFMAN Alexander Anatoljevich
associate professor of Fire and special tactical training sub-faculty of the Faculty of Law of the Vladimir Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
KOLOCHIKHIN Kirill Sergeevich
lecturer of Fire and special tactical training sub-faculty of the Faculty of Law of the Vladimir Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
MAIN DIRECTIONS AND FEATURES OF IMPROVING PHYSICAL TRAINING AND SPORTS OF CADETS OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OF THE FEDERAL PENITENTIARY SERVICE OF RUSSIA
The article discusses the problems associated with improving the level of physical training of cadets of higher educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. The authors prove that to solve this problem it is necessary to analyze the existing practice of physical training of employees of territorial bodies of the penal system of Russia. Sports and physical activity play an important role in adapting employees to varied and complex work tasks and increasing their own flexibility and readiness for innovation. Proactive behavior is the voluntary and spontaneous behavior of employees aimed at improving their work situation or individual role. Employees’ proactive work behavior leads to improved performance in corporate organizational environments. It helps to change dynamically, effectively stimulate personal growth, academic performance and effectiveness.
Keywords: service activities, physical activity, employee adaptation, physical exercises, physical training, sports, applied military and service sports.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Budina E.V. Development and improvement of physical qualities among cadets of universities of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia // NovaInfo.Ru. – 2019. – T. 1. No. 96. – P. 198-203.
2. Gadzhiev D. T., Timoshchuk A. S. Physical education of cadets of the penal system // Student sports: state and conditionsdevelopment prospects: collection. materials of the II Regional scientific and practical. conf. / Ed. N.V. Peshkova, Zh.I. Busheva, N.M. Akhtemzyanova. – Surgut: SurGU, 2019. – pp. 27-30.
3. Gadzhiev D. T., Timoshchuk A. S. Current problems of physical education of cadets of the penitentiary system // Improving the personnel training system in a higher educational institution: innovation and sustainability. – Grodno: GrSU, 2019. – P. 155-157.
4. Gazizulin, A. I. Problems of motivation of cadets of universities of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the formation of physical competence // News of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Social, humanities, medical and biological sciences. – 2019. – T. 21. No. 65. – P. 22-26.
5. Dolgin D. S. Improving the quality of physical training of cadets of educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia as the most important condition for the professional development of employees of the penal system // Theory and practice of scientific research: psychology, pedagogy, economics and management. – 2018. – No. 4 (4). – pp. 18-22.
6. Kaznacheev V. A. Modern approach to improving the physical training of cadets in the system of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia // News of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Social, humanities, medical and biological sciences. – 2022. – T. 24. No. 82. – P. 32-35.
7. Problems and ways to improve the physical training of cadets of educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia: based on the results of an inspection of the Perm Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia // Scientific Notes of the University. P. F. Lesgaft. – 2021. – No. 8 (198). – pp. 282-287.
8. Rozov V.V., Timoshchuk A.S. Professional and applied physical training of cadets // Current problems of organizing physical training in the educational organization of higher education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – N. Novgorod: At the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2020. – P. 40-43.
9. Timoshchuk A. S. Service-applied sports as a component of volitional education of cadets // Quality management system at a university: health, education, competitiveness. – Chelyabinsk: Ural Academy, 2015. – P. 305-307.

LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES
IVANCHENKO Elena Anatoljevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Legal culture and human rights protection sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol
YURKOVA Ella Vladimirovna
Assistant of Legal culture and human rights protection sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol
PROACTIVE PREPARATION OF THE PROSECUTOR TO DEFEND THE CHARGES AT THE STAGE OF JUDICIAL INVESTIGATION
The article is devoted to the preparation of a public prosecutor to participate in a judicial investigation, which must be carried out not according to a standard, but according to an individual methodology, since each criminal case is individual and has a complex of circumstances inherent only to it. The author argues that the preparation, of course, is based on standard recommendations, but its content is always individual. The article focuses on the fact that the prosecutor is not only obliged to plan and prepare for a judicial investigation, but also does not have the right to speak in court without special training, in its content significantly beyond the primitive familiarization with the materials of the criminal case.
Keywords: prosecutor, public prosecutor, preparation for judicial investigation, prosecution, adversarial, evidence base.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Bozrov V. M. Procedural, forensic and psychological aspects of judicial investigation: abstract. dis. …cand. legal Sci. – Sverdlovsk, 1991. – 16 p.
2. Kobylinskaya S.V. Forensic problems of organizing the trial of criminal cases in the court of first instance: dis. …cand. legal Sci. Krasnodar, 2009. – 175 p.
3. Korchagin A. S. Organizational, tactical and methodological foundations of forensic support for judicial proceedings in criminal cases: abstract. dis. … doc. legal Sci. – Krasnodar, 2008. – 40 p.
4. Prosecutor’s supervision over the legality of consideration of criminal cases in courts: a manual / [Col. auto L. M. Kozak, M. G. Korshik, R. D. Rakhunov, I. G. Sapozhnikov] / Under. total ed. A. N. Mishutina. – M.: Gosyurizdat, 1963. – 324 p.
5. Sadretdinova E. I. Procedural status of the prosecutor as a participant in criminal proceedings // Intellectual and personnel potential of modern science: collection of articles of the International Scientific and Practical Conference, Petrozavodsk, November 11, 2020. – Petrozavodsk: International Center for Scientific Partnership “New Science” (IP Ivanovskaya Irina Igorevna), 2020. – P. 113-119.
6. Safronsky G. E. Tactical and forensic aspects of maintaining state prosecution in criminal cases of illegal sale of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. – MoskVA: Institute of World Civilizations, 2022. – 216 pp.

LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES
NIKOLAEV Nikolay Yurjevich
senior lecturer of Fire training sub-faculty of the Ural Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, Yekaterinburg
SEMIGLAZOV Artur Gennadjevich
Deputy Head of Special training sub-faculty of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
BUZ Adam Alexandrovich
lecturer of Fire training sub-faculty of the Siberian Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, Krasnoyarsk
THE IMPORTANCE OF FIRE TRAINING STANDARDS FOR POLICE OFFICERS
This article discusses the basic standards for fire training for police officers and their importance for practical activities, as well as identifies problems of improving their development. Due to the development of skills in handling weapons, the efficiency of performing operational and official tasks related to the use of firearms increases. It also helps to avoid mistakes in the event of a stressful situation in official detail and in emergency circumstances. The authors focus on the stages of and developing the skill of working out standards, with the help of which the effectiveness of performing operational and official tasks related to the use of firearms is increased.
Keywords: police officer, fire training, standards, skills, abilities, Makarov pistol, working out standards.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated November 23, 2017 No. 880 (as amended on January 25, 2021) “On approval of the Manual on the organization of fire training in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation” (Date of access: 02/12/2024).
2. Chernykh V.V. Standards for fire training for employees of internal affairs bodies, reflecting the features of serving in special conditions of activity // Police activity. – 2019. – No. 6. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/normativy-po-ognevoy-podgotovke-dlya-sotrudnikov-organov-vnutrennih-del-otrazhayuschie-osobennosti-neseniya-sluzhby-v-osobyh-usloviyah (Date of access : 02.12.2024).
3. Kovalchuk A. N. On the need to change the status, content and time parameters of standards for fire training // Bulletin of the Siberian Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2010. – No. 3 (7). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/o-neobhodimosti-izmeneniya-statusa-soderzhaniya-i-vremennyh-parametrov-normativov-po-ognevoy-podgotovke (Date of access: 02/12/2024).

LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES
KHRUSHCHEV Alexander Viktorovich
senior lecturer of Fire training sub-faculty of the Siberian Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, Krasnoyarsk
RYBACHENOK Anton Vasiljevich
lecturer of Fire training sub-faculty of the East Siberian Institute of the MIA of Russia, Irkutsk
SELYUTINA Yuliya Alexeevna
student 0123 of the study group of the Ural Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, Yekaterinburg
ENSURING THE PERSONAL SAFETY OF AN INTERNAL AFFAIRS OFFICER IN SPECIAL CONDITIONS
This paper examines the features of the operational and official activities of the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in special conditions. The authors identify the main management and organization measures aimed at ensuring the safety of police officers involved in special operations in emergency situations. Based on the latest statistical data, the importance of ensuring the personal safety of police officers in the performance of their professional duties, especially in special conditions, is emphasized.
Keywords: personal safety of police officers, special conditions, special legal regimes, training of police departments.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Federal Law of November 30, 2011 No. 342-FZ “On service in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation and amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation” (with amendments and additions).
2. The Constitution of the Russian Federation (adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993, with amendments approved during the all-Russian vote on July 1, 2020).
3. Federal Law of March 6, 2006 No. 35-FZ “On Countering Terrorism.”
4. Federal Law No. 68-FZ dated December 21, 1994 “On the protection of the population and territories from natural and man-made emergencies” (as amended by Federal Laws No. 309-FZ dated December 30, 2008, No. 98-FZ dated April 1, 2020).
5. Bakulev A.V., Romanova I.V. Topical issues of ensuring the personal safety of a police officer in special conditions / Shuya session of students, graduate students, teachers, young scientists: materials of the XIII Minternational scientific conference, Moscow-Ivanovo-Shuya, September 25, 2020. – Shuya: Ivanovo State University, 2020. – pp. 19-21.
6. Kuzhevskaya E. B., Smyk E. I., Panurova N. S. Formation of moral and psychological stability among law enforcement officers performing official duties in special conditions // Psychology and pedagogy of official activity. – 2020. – No. 1. – P. 52-54.

OPERATIVE SEARCH ACTIVITIES
AVDYUNIN Alexander Anatoljevich
lecturer of Fire and tactical special training sub-faculty of the Faculty of Law of the Vladimir Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
ZVEREV Andrey Vladimirovich
Ph.D. in Law, Head of Mobilization and tactical-special training sub-faculty of the Faculty of Law of the Academy of Law and Management of the FPS of Russia, Ryazan
NIKEROV Dmitriy Ivanovich
senior lecturer of Physical, fire and tactical-special training sub-faculty of the Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
ON THE ISSUE OF AWARDING THE SPORTS TITLE MASTER OF SPORTS OF RUSSIA IN WINTER SERVICE DOUBLE EVENTS
The article analyzes the results shown by athletes at the 2022-2024 FSIN Russian Service Combined Events (Winter) Championships, which allowed us to conclude that the title of Master of Sports of Russia in Service Combined Events is a difficult task for athletes . In this regard, the authors of the study put forward a proposal to change the norms and conditions for their implementation in the sport “service combined” (Appendix 13 to the order of the Ministry of Sports of Russia 12/20/2021 No. 997 “On approval of the Unified All-Russian sports classification (military applied and service -applied sports)”) with the aim of fulfilling the sports title of Master of Sports of Russia by competition participants.
Keywords: official combined event, athlete, competition, shooting exercise, cross-country skiing, Master of Sports of Russia, participant, standard, Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Dmitriev D.K., Andreev V.I., Matvienko S.V. System for assigning sports titles, ranks and qualification categories of sports judges in service-applied sports (using the example of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia) // Gazette of the criminal-executive system. – 2022. – No. 8 (243). – pp. 75-80.
2. Zverev A.V., Kolochikhin K.S., Sedov D.A. Features of training cadets of educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for competitions in winter service biathlon // Scientific Notes of the University. P.F. Lesgafta. – 2023. – No. 10 (224). – pp. 140-143.
3. Mokeev M.V. Development and problems of service biathlon as a means of developing service-applied skills // Current issues in the development of the sports industry: Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the Year of Science and Technology of the Russian Federation, Moscow, November 24, 2021. – Moscow: Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sports, Youth and Tourism (GTSOLIFK)”, 2021. – P. 158-163.

SAFETY AND LAW
DOTTUEV Tengiz Idrisovich
lecturer of Physical training sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Institute for Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
COUNTERING TERRORISM IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AT THE PRESENT STAGE: EXAMPLES OF STATE REGULATION
The desired transition of modern society from industrial to post-industrial is complicated in the Russian Federation and in the world as a whole by one serious problem – the terrorist activity of some individuals, groups and organizations. The damage from their activities is measured in billions of rubles, and in addition entails social destabilization, undermining trust in the state in terms of maintaining the safety of citizens, and human casualties. The significance of the phenomenon of terrorism forces us to position it as a problem for the entire country, affecting all spheres of life, and to mobilize all available resources to combat it.
Keywords: terrorism, terrorist activities, legislative framework for countering terrorism, government authorities, strategy, plan to combat terrorism.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Federal Law of March 6, 2006 No. 35-FZ “On Countering Terrorism” // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. – 2006. – No. 11.
2. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 29, 2020 No. 344 “On approval of the Strategy for Countering Extremism in the Russian Federation until 2025.” [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://login.consultant.ru/link/?req=doc&base=LAW&n=353838 (Date of access: 02/27/2024).
3. Vishnyakov Ya. D., Bondarenko G. A., Vasin S. G., Gratsiansky E. V. Fundamentals of countering terrorism: textbook. aid for students higher textbook establishments. – Moscow: Publishing center “Academy”, 2016. – 240 pp.

SAFETY AND LAW
KANOKOVA Lyana Yurjevna
lecturer of Special technical training sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Institute for Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, major of police
COUNTERING THE DISTRIBUTION OF EXTREMIST MATERIALS ON THE INTERNET
The article reveals the ways of disseminating extremist materials on the Internet and the problems of countering this phenomenon. It has been established that the Internet is also a popular means of communication in modern society, since people spend most of their working and free time online every day. With the help of the Internet, people can quickly and efficiently obtain new knowledge, exchange various types of information, communicate and develop business on different continents. However, along with the enormous opportunities that the network offers users, the Internet also brings a lot of negativity and dangers to society. In particular, it has become a platform for fraud, trade in weapons and prohibited substances, distribution of extremist materials and recruitment of citizens into illegal and prohibited organizations. In our opinion, this is a serious problem that requires close attention and study in order to develop effective measures to solve it. It is concluded that despite the presence of a large number of legal acts, today, one of the important problems remains insufficient legal regulation within the framework of international interaction between states in the field of countering extremism in the information and communication space.
Keywords: extremist content, Internet, distribution, detection, identification, counteraction, filtering, blocking.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Tarchokov B. A. Countering the spread of extremism on the Internet // Education and Law. – 2022. – No. 1. – P. 186-189.
2. Kanokova L. Yu. Cyberspace as a resource base for the spread of terrorism // Gaps in Russian legislation. – 2023. – T. 16. No. 4. – P. 223-227.
3. Federal Law of July 25, 2002 No. 114-FZ “On Combating Extremist Activities.” – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://base.garant.ru/12127578/?ysclid=lol7uvmvnk73299568.
4. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 29, 2020 No. 344 “On approval of the Strategy for Countering Extremism in the Russian Federation until 2025.” – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/74094369/?ysclid=lol7x6m713389101148.
5. Federal Law “On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection” dated July 27, 2006 No. 149-FZ. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_61798/?ysclid=lol7yw72wg462796813.
6. Law of the Russian Federation of December 27, 1991 No. 2124-1 “On the Mass Media”. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_1511/?ysclid=lol81wzyl490031263.
7. Merkulov S.V. Countering the spread of the ideology of extremism in the information space of the Russian Federation // In the collection: Features of the implementation of youth policy in the prevention of extremism in the city of Novosibirsk. Materials of the international scientific and practical forum. Scientifically edited by A. S. Polichko. – Novosibirsk, 2022. – P. 64-70.

SAFETY AND LAW
TSARKOVA Evgeniya Gennadjevna
Ph.D. in physical and mathematical sciences, leading researcher of the Department for the Study of the problems of employment of convicts and economic problems of the functioning of the penitentiary system of the Center for the Study of Problems of management and organization of the execution of sentences in the Penitentiary System of the Federal State Institution “Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service”
ON THE ISSUE OF THE APPLICATION OF METHODS OF COUNTERING PHISHING ATTACKS IN THE ACTIVITIES OF EMPLOYEES OF THE PENAL SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Phishing is a special type of cybercrime that allows criminals to mislead users of an information and telecommunications network in order to make a profit. High risks are associated with the possibility of phishing attacks on law enforcement officials. Phishing is currently one of the most common types of online fraud, carried out using a number of methods such as emails, phone calls, instant chats, advertisements, pop-ups on websites. The implementation of phishing attacks leads not only to significant financial losses, but also often becomes the initial stage of infection of the corporate network of organizations. This type of threat plays a special role in increasing the risks of information theft and limited dissemination, which serves as a prerequisite for the implementation of threats to state security. The paper examines the areas of work on countering phishing in the framework of the practical activities of employees of the penal enforcement system of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: cyber threats, information security, phishing, machine learning, threat model, cyber hygiene, penal enforcement system of the Russian Federation.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Tsarkova E. G. Development of machine learning models for identifying cyber attacks on departmental information resources // Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Volga Region. – 2023. – No. 12. – P. 410-413.
2. Zorina N. S. The concept of crimes committed with the use of information and telecommunication technologies // Bulletin of the FKU NIIIT FSIN of Russia: Scientific and practical publication. Issue 5. – Tver: FKU NIIIT FSIN of Russia, 2022. – P. 34-37.
3. Zorina N. S. Crime factors in the field of computer technology // 25 years of experience in the application of the Criminal and Criminal Executive Codes of the Russian Federation: problems and development prospects: Collection of materials from the round table within the framework of the XII Perm Congress of Legal Scientists, Perm, 29 October 2022. – Perm: Perm Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, 2022. – pp. 45-47.
4. Omelchenko V.V. Information support for the system of public management of national resources: a risk-oriented approach // Legal informatics. – 2019. – No. 1. – P. 4-17.
5. Tsarkova E. G. Integral method for assessing the effectiveness of the security system of a protected facility of the penal system // Bulletin of the Federal State Institution NIIIT FSIN of Russia: scientific and practical publication. – Tver: Federal State Institution “Research Institute of Information Technologies of the Federal Penitentiary Service”, 2019. – P. 99-105.

EDAGOGY AND LAW
AMELICHKIN Artem Valerjevich
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor, Head of Social and cultural activities and pedagogy sub-faculty of the Orel State Institute of Culture
PATRIOTIC EDUCATION OF SOCIALLY ACTIVE POPULATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS
The content of the article is devoted to the study of the pedagogical potential of cultural institutions in the patriotic education of the socially active population. Joint leisure activities and communication taking place in the context of a cultural institution represent an exceptional socio-cultural system that allows one to qualitatively improve the process of patriotic education of a socially active population. Professional and educational activities lead the population to fatigue, therefore, in leisure conditions, compensation and restoration of the body through socio-cultural activities can occur.
Keywords: patriotic education, leisure, socially active population, film screening, socio-cultural activities.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Amelichkin A.V., Gavdis M.S. Educational PR project as a means of preparing a future worker in the sphere of social and cultural activities // Education and cultural space. – 2023. – No. 1. – P. 25-30.
2. Amelichin A.V., Usov A.V. Educational potential of the project in the field of creative industries “Cinema under the Dome of the Sky” // Scientific notes of the Oryol State University. – 2023. – No. 3 (100). – pp. 170-173.
3. Amelichin A.V., Usov A.V. Showing films as a means of patriotic education // Eurasian Legal Journal. – 2023. – No. 5 (180). – pp. 421-423.
4. Budagovsky V.L. Social and cultural conditions of military-patriotic education of youth students in the activities of public associations with a search orientation: dis. …cand. ped. Sciences: 13.00.05. – Orel, 2014. – 179 pp.
5. Zharkov A.D. Theory and technology of cultural and leisure activities. – M.: MGUKI, 2007. – 456 pp.
6. Kravchenko A. A. Film art in the system of moral and aesthetic education of adolescents // Proceedings of the St. Petersburg State Institute of Culture. – 2013. – No. 4. – P. 298-304.
7. Malkov M. B. Cinema as a factor in the patriotic education of children and youth // Collection of materials from the International Summit on Culture and Education, dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Kazan State Institute of Culture: materials of scientific and practical conferences. – Kazan: KGIK, 2019. – pp. 48-51.
8. MBUK CD “Rodina”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://kursk-rodina.ru/ (Date of access: 02/29/2024).
9. Monastyrsky D.V. Interaction of cultural institutions and film distribution in the organization of leisure for youth: dis. …cand. ped. Sciences: 13.00.05.- Moscow, 1999. – 181 pp.
10. Presidential Fund for Cultural Initiatives. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://xn--80aeeqaabljrdbg6a3ahhcl4ay9hsa.xn--p1ai/ (Date of access: 02/27/2024).

EDAGOGY AND LAW
GLUBOKIY Vladimir Anatoljevich
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, Deputy Head of Fire training sub-faculty of the Siberian Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, Krasnoyarsk, colonel of police
KHATUAEV Marat Otarovich
senior lecturer of Administrative activities of the department of internal affairs sub-faculty of the Voronezh Institute of the MIA of Russia, colonel police lieutenant
MUSAFIN Radim Radifovich
lecturer of Professional training of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, major of police
KOSOVSKAYA Darya Vyacheslavovna
lecturer of Special disciplines sub-faculty of the Crimean branch of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel of police
THE POSSIBILITIES OF INTERACTIVE TEACHING METHODS IN THE PROCESS OF CONDUCTING LECTURES AND SEMINARS
This article examines various interactive teaching methods, such as discussion, the use of the case method, and others. Based on the analysis of empirical data, the authors concluded that the introduction of interactive methods makes it possible to create a more favorable learning environment, improves interaction between teachers and students, and activates the learning process. The authors note that when using interactive methods in the educational process, tasks such as: the development of general skills, the acquisition of knowledge, the development of communicative competence, as well as educational tasks are solved.
Keywords: interactive methods, teaching methods, interactive technologies, university education, competence approach.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Zhanbyrbaeva S. T., Syzdykova A. K., Dyusembekov R. V., Shaimerdenova D. S. Active and interactive methods and technologies of teaching at a university // Bulletin of Science. – 2020. – No. 4 (25). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/aktivnye-i-interaktivnye-metody-i-tehnologii-obucheniya-v-vuze (Date of access: 02.27.2024).
2. Koikova E. I. Application of interactive teaching methods in a modern higher educational institution // Humanities. – 2016. – No. 3 (35). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/primenenie-interaktivnyh-metodov-obucheniya-v-sovremennom-vysshem-uchebnom-zavedenii (Date of access: 02/27/2024).
3. Kuziboeva M. M. Interactive teaching methods // Economics and society. – 2019. – No. 10 (65). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/interaktivnye-metody-obucheniya-4 (Date of access: 03/08/2024).
4. Maksimova K. A., Vaganova O. I., Smirnova Zh. V. Possibilities of interactive lectures in professional education of bachelors of vocational training // Innovative economics: prospects for development and improvement. – 2019. – No. 3 (37). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vozmozhnosti-interaktivnoy-lektsii-v-professionalnom-obrazovanii-bakalavrov-profesionalnogo-obucheniya (Date of access: 02/27/2024).
5. Fozilova M. A. Interactive teaching methods at university // Economics and society. – 2022. – No. 9 (100). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/interaktivnye-metody-obucheniya-v-vuze (Date of access: 02/27/2024).

EDAGOGY AND LAW
GOYNOV Ivan Vladimirovich
associate professor of Fire and physical training sub-faculty of the Perm Institute of the FPS of Russia
ZVEREV Andrey Vladimirovich
Ph.D. in Law, Head of Mobilization and tactical-special training sub-faculty of the Faculty of Law of the Academy of Law and Management of the FPS of Russia, Ryazan
KOLOCHIKHIN Kirill Sergeevich
lecturer of Fire and tactical-special training sub-faculty of the Faculty of Law of the Vladimir Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
SAVRANOV Andrey Andreevich
lecturer of Physical and fire training sub-faculty of the Kuzbass Institute of the FPS of Russia, Novokuznetsk
KHOKHLACHEVA Ekaterina Anatoljevna
lecturer of Physical, fire and tactical-special training sub-faculty of the Faculty of Law of the St. Petersburg University of the FPS of Russia, St. Petersburg, Pushkin
IMPROVING BASIC PHYSICAL QUALITIES IN THE SYSTEM OF TRAINING OF SKIERS-RACERS IN EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OF THE FPS OF RUSSIA
The article discusses the issue of the comprehensive development of athletes involved in cross-country skiing in sports improvement groups in educational organizations of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. The study revealed that the physical training of cross-country skiers plays a decisive role in achieving high results in this sporting discipline. Basic physical qualities such as strength, endurance, speed-power and flexibility are key components to success in cross-country skiing. The authors also identified problems in the physical training of ski racers, as well as ways to solve them.
Keywords: cadet, athlete, coach, sport, training, strength, flexibility, speed, endurance, coordination of movements, competitions, physical training.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Aksenova A. N., Pichugin M. B. Current problems of ski training of cadets // Theory and practice of scientific research: psychology, pedagogy, economics and management. – 2018. – No. 4 (4). – pp. 9-18.
2. Ankudinov N.V. Construction of a weekly microcycle during the competitive period of the annual training cycle in ski racing // Problems of the development of science and education in the era of modernization: Materials of the VIII All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference, Rostov-on-Don, April 20, 2023. – Rostov-on-Don: Limited Liability Company “Manuscript Publishing House”, 2023. – P. 181-183.
3. Bandakov M.P., Sannikova A.V. Coordination abilities and their importance in the training of cross-country skiers // Current issues of modern science and education: materials of the international scientific and practical conference, Moscow, April 18-21, 2017 / Moscow Financial -Law University MFLA, Kirov branch. Volume Issue 16. Volume 1. – Moscow: LLC Printing House “Staraya Vyatka”, 2017. – P. 339-344.
4. Busarin A.G. Different times of development of physical qualities as the most important principle of planning long-term training of cross-country skiers // Prospects for the development of modern student sports. Results of the performances of Russian athletes at the Universiade 2013 in Kazan: materials of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference, Kazan, December 12-13, 2013 / Editorial Board: F. R. Zotova, N. Kh. Davletova, M. N. Savosina, T. V Zayachuk. – Kazan: Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism”, 2013. – P. 317-319.
5. Gofman A. A., Kuleev V. Ya. Some aspects of psychological training of ski racers of the Vladimir Law Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service for responsible competitions // Penitentiary law: legal theory and law enforcement practice. – 2018. – No. 3 (17). – pp. 8-14.
6. Gofman A. A., Kutlubaeva A. M. Features of the preparation of the national team of the Vladimir Law Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service for the cross-country skiing championship of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia // Bulletin of the Vladimir Law Institute. – 2018. – No. 1 (46). – pp. 26-33.
7. Miller M. A. The influence of physical activity of the population on the economic and demographic development of the state: institutional aspect // Current issues of economic sciences. – 2009. – No. 4-2. – pp. 7-11.

EDAGOGY AND LAW
ZAKHAROVA Anastasiya Vasiljevna
senior lecturer of Physical education sub-faculty of the Tyumen Industrial University
GEBEL Anastasiya Alexandrovna
student of the Tyumen Industrial University
STUDENTS’ RIGHT TO PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS AT THE UNIVERSITY
The article examines the reasons that cause violation of the rights of students to engage in physical education and sports in universities, including inconvenient class schedules and the lack of alternative classes, organizational aspects of the educational process at a university. The ineffectiveness of state policy in the field of student sports in the Russian Federation has been revealed.
Keywords: students’ rights, physical education, student sports, state policy in the field of student sports, motivation.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Putin: every Russian must be responsible for the state of his health. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://tass.ru/obschestvo/5037629 (Date of access: 03/21/2024).
2. Putin: “The formation of a healthy lifestyle of the younger generation should become one of the priorities of authorities at all levels.” [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://ktovmedicine.ru/news/2009/1/vladimir-putin-formirovanie-zdorovogo-obraza-zhizni-molodogo-pokoleniya-dolzhno-stat-odnim-iz-prioritetov-vlastey-vseh-urovney. html.
3. Chaikovskaya M.V., Kuznetsova N.V. et al. Search for resources for the formation of a healthy lifestyle for student youth / In the collection: Water resources are the basis for the sustainable development of settlements in Siberia and the Arctic in the 21st century: Collection of reports of the XXI International Scientific and Practical conferences. – 2019. – pp. 396-400.
4. Smirnova I. A., Glukhova A. N. Physical education of student youth // In the collection: International Scientific and Practical Conference named after. D. I. Mendeleev, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of Professor R. Z. Magaril: Conference materials. Rep. editor A. N. Khalin. – Tyumen, 2022. – pp. 215-217.
5. Social and humanitarian problems of our time / Khairullina N. G., Moskatova A. K., Nedosekina A. G., Obidina Yu. S., Stepanov A. V., Sterledeva T. D., Shitova N. B. Personality and society / Volume Book 2. – Saint-Louis, MO, USA, 2013.
6. Concept for the development of university sports in the Russian Federation for the period until 2025: order of the Ministry of Sports of Russia No. 1007. dated November 21, 2017
7. Burdina N. N., Garipova A. Z. Physical culture at a university: the problem of attendance and its solution – Text: electronic // Psychology, sociology and pedagogy. – 2023. – No. 6. – P. 17-23. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://psychology.snauka.ru/2016/01/6303 (date of access: November 26, 2023).
8. Subbotin V. Ya. Neutralization of the negative aspects of high achievement sports // Materials of the International scientific and practical conference “Educational-patriotic and physical culture-sports activities in universities: innovations in solving current problems.” – Tyumen, 2017. – pp. 283-285.

EDAGOGY AND LAW
ZVEREV Andrey Vladimirovich
Ph.D. in Law, Head of Mobilization and tactical-special training sub-faculty of the Faculty of Law of the Academy of Law and Management of the FPS of Russia, Ryazan
LYSUKHIN Anton Mikhaylovich
senior lecturer of Physical and fire training sub-faculty of the Kuzbass Institute of the FPS of Russia, Novokuznetsk
TSYPLENKOV Anatoliy Igorevich
lecturer of Operational investigative activities sub-faculty of the Faculty of Law of the Vladimir Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL TRAINING IN THE PERFORMANCE OF EMPLOYEES OF THE OPERATIONAL DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article considers the issue of the lack of physical training classes with employees of operational departments of correctional institutions of the Penal enforcement system of the Russian Federation. In this regard, the authors of the study put forward a proposal to conduct physical training classes with employees, and an approximate plan for a weekly training microcycle is given. In conclusion, the authors came to the conclusion that physical training is an integral part of the official activities of employees of the operational department of correctional institutions of the Penitentiary System of the Russian Federation. It increases performance, endurance and physical fitness, which in turn contributes to more effective performance of official duties and increases overall safety in correctional institutions. The development and implementation of a physical training program that takes into account the specifics of professional activity is a necessary step to achieve an optimal level of physical fitness of employees of the operational department.
Keywords: employee, training, physical training, physical fitness, employee of the operational department, correctional institutions of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Deripasko A.V., Gofman A.A. Service and physical training as the most important component of professional training of employees of the penal system of the Russian Federation: current issues of organization // Bulletin of the penal system. – 2022. – No. 3 (238). – pp. 63-70.
2. Kodzokov A. Kh. Physical training as a component of professional service training for employees of internal affairs bodies // Education. The science. Scientific personnel. – 2020. – No. 2. – P. 224-226.
3. Nikerov D.I., Zakirov T.M. The role of physical training in the process of developing professionally important qualities of employees of the penal system // Bulletin of the Samara Law Institute. – 2018. – No. 5 (31). – pp. 127-130.
4. Skripnikov V.S. The role of physical training in the official activities of employees of correctional institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia // Young scientist. – 2022. – No. 19 (414). – pp. 474-477.

EDAGOGY AND LAW
ZORINA Natalya Sergeevna
senior researcher of the Department for Improving Legal Regulation of the Penitentiary System of the Center for the Study of Problems of Management and Organization of the Execution of Sentences in the Penitentiary System of the Federal State Institution “Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service”
SADYKOVA Regina Aidarovna
researcher of the Department for Improving Legal Regulation of the Penitentiary System of the Center for the Study of Problems of Management and Organization of the Execution of Sentences in the Penitentiary System of the Federal State Institution “Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service”
FORECASTING THE DEVIANT BEHAVIOR OF JUVENILE OFFENDERS
In this article, the author considered the main issues of forecasting the deviant behavior of juvenile offenders. The concept of deviant behavior, its causes and types is briefly revealed. More attention was paid to forecasting methods that are commonly used when working with adolescents. It was found that successful prediction of deviations in adolescents is possible only if all generally accepted methods are combined. In conclusion, it was pointed out that the main indicator of effectiveness in predicting the deviant behavior of adolescents is the number of repeat offenses among adolescents – the lower this number, the better the work of specialists can be evaluated.
Keywords: deviant behavior, juvenile, criminality, repetition, offense.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Gainullina A.V., Khalitov O.F. Psychological aspects of the prevention of juvenile delinquency // Law: retrospect and perspective. – 2022. – No. 3 (11). – pp. 28-33.
2. Kirillova E. B., Zueva E. G. Forecasting deviant behavior of juvenile offenders // Russian Journal of Deviantology. – 2021. – No. 1 (2). – pp. 215-229.
3. Obnosov V.N. Individual psychological characteristics of adolescents with deviant behavior // Science and education. – 2022. – T. 5. No. 3. – P. 58-64.
4. Sidorenko N. S., Nizhnik N. S. Determinants of deviant behavior of minors: the importance of legal culture when a person chooses a model of legal behavior // Society and Law. – 2022. – No. 4 (82). – pp. 119-126.

EDAGOGY AND LAW
IVANOVA Svetlana Vladimirovna
Ph.D. in psychological sciences, master of law, associate professor of Pedagogy and digital didactics sub-faculty of the Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia
AZARKHIN Alexey Vladimirovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Theory of law and public law disciplines sub-faculty, associate professor of Organization of combating economic crimes sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Samara State University of Economics
THE SYSTEM OF LEGAL REGULATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS OF THE UNIVERSITY IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
The article is devoted to the issue of legal regulation of the changes that the digitalization process entails in universities. In particular, two global changes are considered: the new models of mixed and hybrid education being implemented and the preparation of students to work on a single digital platform. In this regard, in the article, the authors provide an analysis of regulatory documents regulating theseprocesses and propose a system of legal regulation of the educational process of a university in the context of digital transformation.
Keywords: digital transformation, blended learning, hybrid learning, unified digital platform, e-learning, electronic document, electronic document management.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Ananin D. P., Strykun N. G. Hybrid learning in the structure of higher education: between online and offline // Teacher of the XXI century. – 2022. – No. 4. Part 1. – P. 60-74.
2. Andreeva N.V., Rozhdestvenskaya L.V., Yarmakhov B.B. The school’s step into blended learning. – M.: Buki Vedi, 2016. – 65 p.
3. Vasin E. K. Blended learning based on information technology as a form of implementation of the educational process in secondary school // Bulletin of Tambov University. Series: Humanities. – 2016. – No. 2 (154). T. 2 1. – P. 33-11.
4. Dolgova T.V. Blended learning – an innovation of the 21st century // Interactive education. – 2017. – No. 5. – P. 2-8.
5. Drandrov D. A., Drandrov G. L. On the problem of the content of the concept of “blended learning” // Bulletin of ChSPU im. I. Ya. Yakovleva. – 2021. – No. 3. – P. 156-161.
6. Ekimova N. V. Digitalization in education: the origin of the term and the psychological features of the essence of the phenomenon // Social psychology: Publishing House “ANALITIKA RODIS” (analitikarodis@yandex.ru). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://publishing-vak.ru/
7. Kalinina S. D. Conditions for the effective use of webinars in the educational process of the university // Humanities and Education. – 2015. – No. 3 (23). – P. 37-42.
8. Kozyrev A. O. Report to the Federation Council on the creation of a regulatory framework for the digital economy. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://digital.gov/ru/ru/events/37679/.
9. Korotkov P. A. Using mixed learning methods in teaching a foreign language in secondary school // Philological aspect. – 2019. – No. 8 (52). – pp. 148-154
10. Kudinov I.V., Nafikova A.R. Digital technologies in the professional activities of the future teacher: from theory to practice // Pedagogical Journal. – 2023. – T. 13. No. 10A. – P. 367-378 @@ Mikheeva T. N. On the issue of the legal foundations of digitalization in the Russian Federation // Bulletin of the O. E. Kutafin University (MSAL). – 2019. – No. 9. – P. 114-122.
11. Moldovan A. A. Features of digitalization and digital transformation, their theoretical aspects and differences. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-tsifrovizatsii-i-tsifrovoy-transformatsii-ih-teoreticheskie-aspekty-i-razlichiya?ysclid=lu2k3srfw2203563645.
12. Nikulina T.V., Starichenko E.B. Informatization and digitalization of education: concepts, technologies, management // Pedagogical education in Russia. – 2018. – No. 8. – P. 107-113.
13. Starukhin V. A. Digitalization as a method of reducing transaction costs of a manufacturing enterprise // Kant. – 2021. – No. 4. – P. 95-99.

EDAGOGY AND LAW
MADZHUGA Anatoliy Gennadjevich
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, professor, Head of Pedagogy, psychology and health care sub-faculty of the Institute for the Development of Education of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa
AZHIEV Akhmed Vakhaevich
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, professor, Vice-rector for Social, Educational Work and Public Relations of the Chechen State Pedagogical University, Grozny
THE CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE FORMATION OF THE CIVIL POSITION OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
The article presents the conceptual foundations of the formation of the civil position of university students. The authors define the essence and structure of a person’s civic position in the realities of modern society. In the course of revealing the structure of a person’s civic position, cognitive, motivational-orientation and behavioral components are described. In the context of the study, the main psychological and pedagogical determinants affecting the effectiveness of the process of forming the civic position of students of a modern university are considered, the interrelation of social activity, civic consciousness and civic qualities of students is shown.
Keywords: civic position, social activity, civic consciousness, civic qualities, civic education, civic and patriotic values, self-determination.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Begidova S. N., Leontyev A. M., Khazova S. A. Psychological and pedagogical conditions for the implementation of the acmeological approach in vocational education. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.adygnet.ru /konfer/ konfifk2007 (date of access: 01/22/2024).
2. Volkova T. A., Markov V. I. Humanization and humanitarization of military education // Bulletin of Kemerovo State Universitytheta culture and arts. – 2012. – Issue. No. 19-2. – pp. 223-230.
3. Education of the civic position of the younger generation: collection. scientific Art. / Department of Education of Moscow, Moscow. mountains ped. University, Moscow. Institute of Open Education. – M.: Sputnik+ Company, 2009. – 133 p.
4. Vyrshchikov A. N., Kusmartsev M. B., Lutovinov V. I. Patriotic education of youth in modern Russian society. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.vounb.volgograd.ru/for_download/El_library/Vlg_avtor/Patrioticheskoe_vospitanie_covremennoi_molodegi.pdf (date of access: 01/26/2024).
5. Gulyaeva I. L. “I am obliged to be a citizen…”: the formation of a person’s civic position // Russian culture of the new century: Problems of studying, preserving and using historical and cultural heritage / Ch. ed. G. V. Sudakov. Comp. S. A. Tikhomirov. – Vologda: Book Heritage, 2007. – P. 683-686.
6. Gagloeva A. B. Factors in the formation of civil and ethnic identities // Problems of modern pedagogical education. – 2020. – No. 66-3. – pp. 348-351.
7. Dolinin S.P. Formation of the civil position of cadets of a military-economic university based on the humanization of the pedagogical process. Abstract… dis. Ph.D. ped. Sci. – Yaroslavl, 2006. – 24 p.
8. Lisovsky V. T. Sociology of youth: Textbook. – St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University Publishing House, 2009. – 254 p.
9. Morozova T. I. The problem of forming citizenship and patriotism among modern youth // Scientific bulletins of the Belgorod State University. Series: Philosophy. Sociology. Right. – 2010. – Issue. No. 14. Volume 20. – pp. 95-98.
10. Moshkin V. N. Pedagogical conditions for developing a safety culture. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.oim.ru/reader.asp (Date of access: 01/22/2024).
11. Nikitin Yu. G. Formation of readiness of military university cadets to implement a civil position // Bulletin of Kostroma State University named after. N. A. Nekrasova. Series Humanities: Pedagogy. Psychology. Social work. Acmeology. Juvenology. Sociokinetics. – 2012. – Issue. No. 4. Volume 18. – pp. 110-113.
12. Panov A.I. Officer corps and political processes in society: world experience and Russian reality: Author’s abstract. dis. … doc. watered n. – M., 2000. – 34 p.
13. Plotnikova E. Yu. The concept and essence of civil position in pedagogy and psychology // Scientific and pedagogical education. – 2019. – No. 6. – P. 218-226.
14. Timofeev A.I. Pedagogical conditions for the formation of citizenship among cadets of a military university: Abstract of thesis. dis. …cand. ped. Sci. – Novosibirsk, 2013. – 24 pp.
15. Tulegenova A. G. Some psychological and pedagogical conditions for optimizing the educational process. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.crimea.edu/tnu/magazine/scientist/edition3/n03019.html (access date: 01/22/2024).

EDAGOGY AND LAW
SEDOV Dmitriy Alexeevich
lecturer of Physical, fire and tactical special training sub-faculty of the Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
LEGAL SUPPORT OF THE METHODS OF TEACHING HUMAN MOTOR ACTIONS
The article examines the physical preparedness of students in the educational process system, based on regulations governing its functioning. Importance is given to the role of theoretical knowledge on physical fitness in accordance with the level of legal development, methods of teaching motor actions. A decision is made to make maximum use of the complex methodology as the most effective.
Keywords: motor actions, training, person, method, methodology, physical education, workload, educational process, skill, ability.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Introduction to the theory of physical culture / Ed. L. P. Matveeva. – M., 2022. – 106 pp.
2. Vilensky M. Ya., Vavilova E. N. Physical culture. – M., 2023. – 120 p.
3. Strelnikov V. A. Physical culture. – M.: Academy, 2023. – 410 p.
4. Theory and methodology of physical culture / Ed. L. P. Matveeva. – M., 2023. – 230 p.

EDAGOGY AND LAW
TARASOVA Anna Igorevna
specialist in youth work of the Department of Educational Work Organization of the Department of Educational Work of the I. S. Turgenev Oryol State University
POZDNYAKOVA Kristina Andreevna
postgraduate student of the I. S. Turgenev Oryol State University
SHAMENKOVA Maria Maksimovna
bachelor student of the Institute of Foreign languages sub-faculty of the I. S. Turgenev Oryol State University
TRANSFORMATION OF THE SYSTEM OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF LEGAL STUDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF QUALITATIVE CHANGES IN THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article examines the process of changes in the system of professional training of legal students in the Russian Federation in the light of qualitative changes occurring in the educational process. The authors examine current trends and challenges faced by higher education institutions, and also suggests ways to optimize the professional training of future lawyers. The article represents valuable research material for specialists in the field of vocational education and jurisprudence.
Keywords: professional education, legal specialties, higher education, educational institutions, digital technologies, innovative educational space, Russian university, legal education, training, educational process.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Alferova E. V. Transformation of legal education: reflections of scientists on its present and future. (Review) // Social Sciences and Humanities. Domestic and foreign literature: IAJ. Ser. 4: State and law. – 2022. – No. 2. – P. 40-55.
2. Veshneva I.V., Singatulin R.A. Transformation of education: trends, prospects. – M.: Norma: 2021. – 119 p.
3. Selevko G.K. Technological approach in education // School technologies. – 2019. – No. 4. – P. 23-34.

EDAGOGY AND LAW
KHOROLSKIY Vladimir Vitaljevich
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor, senior lecturer of Tactical and special training sub-faculty of the Rostov Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
LIPANIN Evgeniy Alexandrovich
lecturer of Professional training sub-faculty of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, major of police
CHETVERIKOVA Alexandra Ivanovna
senior lecturer of Administrative activities of internal affairs bodies sub-faculty of the Voronezh Institute of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel of police
KOVALEV Timur Vitaljevich
lecturer of Fire training sub-faculty of the Siberian Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, Krasnoyarsk, senior lieutenant of police
FORMATION OF CONFLICTOLOGICAL COMPETENCE OF A FUTURE POLICE OFFICER
This article examines the importance of the formation of conflictological competence among cadets and students of universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The authors analyze the term “conflictological competence”, as well as identify individual components of conflictological competence, such as: gnostic, regulatory, design, reflexive status and normative. The authors consider the relationship between conflictological competence and professional burnout, as well as argue for the practical importance of developing conflictological competence among police officers.
Keywords: conflictological competence, competence, professional burnout, conflict resolution, communication, police officer.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Elnikova P.I. The influence of conflictological competence on the emotional burnout of police officers // Archivarius. – 2021. – No. 1 (55). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vliyanie-konfliktologicheskoy-kompetentnosti-na-emotsionalnoe-vygoranie-sotrudnikov-politsii (Date of access: 01/26/2024).
2. Kustov P.V., Silkin N.N., Dudchik V.I. Formation and development of conflictological competence of cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia // Vestnik UUI. – 2021. – No. 4 (94). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/formirovanie-i-razvitie-konfliktologicheskoy-kompetentnosti-kursantov-obrazovatelnyh-organizatsiy-mvd-rossii (Date of access: 01/26/2024).
3. Mityaeva A. M. Conflictological competence of a future specialist as a subject of scientific research // Scientific notes of OSU. Series: Humanities and social sciences. – 2012. – No. 2. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/konfliktologicheskaya-kompetentnost-buduschego-spetsialista-kak-predmet-nauchnogo-issledovaniya (Date of access: 01/26/2024).
4. Polunina E. N., Antonova A. V. Conflictological readiness of employees of internal affairs bodies as a component of their professional training // Psychology and pedagogy of service activities. – 2022. – No. 1. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/konfliktologicheskaya-gotovnost-rabotnikov-organov-vnutrennih-del-kak-sostavlyayuschaya-ih-professionalnoy-podgotovki (Date of access: 01/26/2024) @@ Elnikova P. I. The influence of conflict management competence on the emotional burnout of police officers // Archivist. – 2021. – No. 1 (55). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vliyanie-konfliktologicheskoy-kompetentnosti-na-emotsionalnoe-vygoranie-sotrudnikov-politsii (Date of access: 26.01.2024).
5. Svinoboy O. V. Personal preconditions for the emergence of conflicts among heads of internal affairs bodies // Pedagogy and psychology of education. – 2015. – No. 3. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/lichnostnye-predposylki-vozniknoveniya-konfliktov-u-rukovoditeley-organov-vnutrennih-del (Date of access: 01/26/2024).
6. Shcherbakova O.I. Formation and development of the concept of “conflictological culture of personality” in the theory and practice of modern conflictology // Problems of modern education. – 2010. – No. 2.

EDAGOGY AND LAW
ZORINA Natalya Sergeevna
senior researcher of the Department for Improving Legal Regulation of the Penitentiary System of the Center for the Study of Problems of Management and Organization of the Execution of Sentences in the Penitentiary System of the Federal State Institution “Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service”
PEDAGOGICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PREVENTION OF AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR OF JUVENILE CONVICTS
In this article, the author examines the features of the prevention of aggressive behavior of juvenile convicts. The factors that can cause aggressive behavior are studied, and recommendations are formed that a teacher should adhere to when working with minors. As a result, the importance of developing methods for the prevention of aggression among minors was highlighted.
Keywords: prevention, aggressiveness, minor, pedagogy, criminality.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Dodueva O. F. Pedagogical recommendations for the prevention of aggressive behavior of juvenile convicts // Global scientific potential. – 2020. – No. 10 (115). – P. 53.
2. Kirillova T.V. Correction of convicts by reorienting their emotional and volitional qualities // Bulletin of the criminal-executive system. – 2021. – No. 6 (229). – pp. 56-61.
3. Skripkina T. P., Mazeina O. N. Features of psychological correction of convicted minors // Man: crime and punishment. – 2021. – T. 29. No. 4. – P. 549-556.
4. Yusupov P. R., Mardasova T. A., Kuzmina A. S. Aggressive behavior of juvenile offenders in the context of accentuations of character and self-attitude of the individual // Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. – 2020. – T. 22. No. 2 (82). – pp. 471-480.

EDAGOGY AND LAW
LE Duc Anh
officers of the Political Department of the People’s Security Academy
BUI Van Quang
student of the People’s Security Academy
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONSCIOUSNESS OF DISCIPLINARY OBSERVATION OF STUDENTS OF PEOPLE’S POLICE SCHOOLS
This article researches and clarifies the sense of compliance with discipline among students of People’s Public Security (people’s police) schools. Based on the characteristics and factors affecting the sense of discipline observance of students at People’s Public Security schools, the article proposes several solutions to improve the awareness of discipline observance among students at these schools.
Keywords: People’s Public Security, People’s police, discipline, students, awareness.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. To Lam. The ideology of President Ho Chi Minh on the public security of the people – theoretical and practical value // National Political Publishing House “Pravda”. – Hanoi, 2015.
2. Communist Party of Vietnam Documents of the 13th National Congress, Volume 1. National Political Publishing House “Pravda”. – Hanoi, 2021.
3. Vu Huong Ly. Disciplinary training according to the orders of the internal affairs of the Vietnamese People’s Police for students of people’s public security schools // Education Magazine. – No. 358. – Hanoi, 2015.

Psychology and Law
ABDULLIN Artur Rishatovich
Deputy Head of Special training sub-faculty of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel of police
TORGERSEN Alexander Sergeevich
senior lecturer of Fire training sub-faculty of the Siberian Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, Krasnoyarsk, lieutenant colonel of police
GUSHCHIN Dmitriy Nikolaevich
senior lecturer of Tactical and special disciplines sub-faculty of the Rostov Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel of police
MILYUTIN Roman Viktorovich
lecturer of Fire training sub-faculty of the Voronezh Institute of the MIA of Russia, major of police
PSYCHOLOGICAL STABILITY OF CADETS AND STUDENTS OF EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF RUSSIA IN THE PROCESS OF FIRE TRAINING
This article examines the features of the development of psychological stability of cadets and students in classes in the discipline of “Fire training”. The authors consider the external and internal factors affecting the effectiveness of shooting. The authors conclude that the formation of psychological stability in the classroom in the discipline “Fire training” is possible in the most effective way by familiarizing cadets and students with the elements of using shooting skills acquired in the classroom, in conditions close to the situations that most often arises when performing official tasks.
Keywords: psychological stability, fire training, service weapons, development of psychological stability, cadet.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Vasiliev M.A. Methodology for overcoming stress conditions during fire training // Modern education. – 2021. – No. 2. – P. 25-35. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8736.2021.2.35845 [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=35845.
2. Kudryavtsev R. A., Timoshenko L. I., Kosoblik E. V., Guts S. I. The influence of the individual characteristics of the shooter on his psychological state during shooting // Modern high-tech technologies. – 2019. – No. 7. – P. 190-194. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://top-technologies.ru/ru/article/view?id=37611 (Date of access: 02.26.2024).
3. Meshcheryakova E.I., Sibirko M.A. Fire training as a condition for the formation of moral and psychological stability // Psychopedagogy in law enforcement agencies. – 2011. – No. 1. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ognevaya-podgotovka-kak-uslovie-formirovaniya-moralno-psihologicheskoy-ustoychivosti (Date of access: 02/26/2024).
4. Taran A. N. Moral and psychological stability of cadets of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the process of training in fire training // Society and Law. – 2013. – No. 3 (45). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/moralno-psihologicheskaya-ustoychivost-kursantov-uchebnyh-zavedeniy-mvd-rossii-v-protsesse-obucheniya-ognevoy-podgotovke (Date of access: 02.19.2024).
5. Yurkov M. N., Gorbacheva V. A. Development of psychological stability of cadets through fire training classes. — Text: immediate // Young scientist. – 2022. – No. 25 (420). – pp. 162-164. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://moluch.ru/archive/420/93461/ (Date of access: 02/26/2024).

Psychology and Law
KHOROLSKIY Vladimir Vitaljevich
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor, senior lecturer of Tactical and special training sub-faculty of the Rostov Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
KHAMITOV Ainur Rasimovich
senior lecturer of Special training sub-faculty of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, major of police
GORBATSEVICH Olga Anatoljevna
lecturer of Administrative affairs of the department of internal affairs sub-faculty of the Voronezh Institute of the MIA of Russia, captain of police
BUZ Adam Alexandrovich
lecturer of Fire training sub-faculty of the Siberian Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, Krasnoyarsk, senior lieutenant of police
THE PROBLEM OF PROFESSIONAL DEFORMATION AND PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT OF POLICE OFFICERS
This article presents an analysis of the terms “professional deformation” and “professional burnout”. The authors identify the causes and forms of professional deformation among police officers. The authors consider the relationship between adaptability, maladaptivity and manifestations of burnout syndrome, as well as suggest ways to prevent occupational deformation and “professional burnout” syndrome among police officers.
Keywords: police officers, professional adaptation, professional activity, professional deformation, professional burnout, stress.
Bibliographic list of articles:
1. Zhidkova O. A. Psychological assessment of professional burnout among police patrol officers during the period of professional adaptation // Bulletin of the Samara Law Institute. – 2021. – No. 4 (45). Electronic resource. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/psihologicheskaya-otsenka-professionalnogo-vygoraniya-sotrudnikov-patrulno-postovoy-sluzhby-politsii-v-period-professionalnoy (Date of access: 02/05/2024).
2. Lukasheva N. Yu. Problems of preventing professional deformations among police officers // Modern pedagogical education. – 2019. – No. 9. Electronic resource. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/problemy-profilaktiki-professionalnyh-deformatsiy-u-sotrudnikov-politsii (Date of access: 02/05/2024).
3. Pozin A.I., Efimkina N.V. Psychological characteristics of the situational-adaptive type of professional deformation of police officers // International Journal of Medicine and Psychology. – 2022. – T. 5. No. 7. – P. 100-103.
4. Uvarova M. Yu., Kedyarova E. A., Patkina E. G. Study of professional deformation of police officers (using the example of police departments of the Irkutsk Municipal Internal Affairs Ministry of Russia) // News of Irkutsk State University. – Series: Psychology. – 2017. – T. 20. – P. 77-90.
5. Chepeleva N.A., Kharkova O.A. Professional deformation of civil servants // Innovative science. – 2020. – No. 10. Electronic resource. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/professionalnaya-deformatsiya-gossluzhaschih (Access date: 02/05/2024).

STATE AND LAW
KURAPINA Ekaterina Valerjevna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor of Socio-Cultural activities and pedagogy sub-faculty, Dean of the Faculty of Socio-Cultural Activities of the Oryol State Institute of Culture
SOLOUKHINA Evgeniya Vladislavovna
Head of the Department of Support for Youth Projects and Initiatives of the “Oryol Regional Youth Center Polet”, lecturer of Socio-cultural activities and pedagogy sub-faculty of the Oryol State Institute of Culture
REALIZATION OF THE VOLUNTEER POTENTIAL OF THE OREL REGION: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS
The article discusses the prospects for realizing the volunteer potential of the Oryol region. The authors note the general features of the concept of “volunteering”, as well as the key characteristics of volunteer activity. The description of the Roadmap “The standard of support for volunteerism in the Orel region” is given as the most effective form of development of volunteer activity. The authors analyze the problems that arise in the way of implementing the development of the volunteer movement in the Orel region. The results and conclusions of a study conducted among residents of the Orel region registered on the portal are presented. The article presents in detail the program “Cultural Volunteers” developed by the authors and the main activities implemented within the framework of the federal project “Creative People” of the national project “Culture”.
Keywords: civil society, social activity, volunteers, volunteer movement, roadmap, Cultural Volunteers program.
Article bibliographic listk
1. Kurapina E. V. Innovative technologies of social and cultural activities as a means of forming social activity of youth: a synergetic approach // Bulletin of Tambov State University. Ser.: Humanities. – 2012. – Issue. 10 (114). – pp. 216-221.
2. Males L. V. Conceptualization of sociocultural analysis in the sociological study of the culture of society (statement of the problem). Electronic library Civil society in Russia. – pp. 28-32. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.civisbook.ru/files/File/Malec.pdf (access date: 09/02/2023).
3. Pevnaya M.V. Volunteerism management: international experience and local practices: Ministry of Education and Science of Russia. Federation, Ural. federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Institute of State. management and entrepreneurship. – Ekaterinburg: Ural Publishing House, University, 2016. – 434 p. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://elar.urfu.ru/bitstream/10995/37792/1/978-5-7996-1677-9_2016.pdf (access date: 09/02/2023).
4. Taratorin E. V. Specifics of organizing volunteer activities of students at a cultural university // Samara Scientific Bulletin. – 2023. – T. 12. No. 1. – P. 303-309.

STATE AND LAW
UTARBAEVA Valiya Sabitovna
postgraduate student of the Department of Ethnology of the Order of the Badge of Honor of the Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
MIGRANOVA Elsa Venerovna
Ph.D. in historical sciences, senior researcher of the Department of Ethnology of the Order of the Badge of Honor of the Institute of History, Language and Literature of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
THE MUSEUM AS A LIVING ORGANISM: NOTES ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN AND THE MUSEUM OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETHNOGRAPHY (UFA)
The article examines the role of museums in the reproduction of historical memory, in the awareness of the self-identity of society, in the education of patriotism and traditional values among the younger generation. Two of the largest museums in Ufa are taken as an example: the National Museum of the Republic of Bashkortostan and the Museum of Archeology and Ethnography. The study showed that these Ufa city museums are actively developing today, are dynamically involved in socio-political and socio-cultural life, find new ways to broadcast knowledge, realize their cultural and educational potential.
Keywords: museum, education, patriotism, ethnic identity, self-awareness, ethnographic collections, cultural heritage.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. An exhibition of the best works of the International Competition of Masters of Bashkir Costume “Tamga” has opened in Ufa. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.bashinform.ru/news/culture/2022-12-14/v-ufe-otkrylas-vystavka-luchshih-rabot-mezhdunarodnogo-konkursa-masterov-bashkirskogo-kostyuma-tam-a- 3071382 (Date of access: 03/08/2024).
2. Mammoth and Sarmatian gold: the most unusual museum in Ufa. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://dzen.ru/a/XJIpthNLDwC0PLH3.
3. Museum of Archeology and Ethnography IEI UFITs RAS. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://ikuzeev.ru/museum (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
4. National Museum of the Republic of Bashkortostan. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://museumrb.ru/ (Date of access: 03/08/2024).
5. Repository of culture, wisdom and knowledge. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://gubernia74.ru/articles/culture/24708/.
6. Litsitsyna T. B., Korzhanova A. A. The importance of museums in the life of modern man. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/znachenie-muzeev-v-kulturnoy-zhizni-sovremennogo-cheloveka/viewer.
7. Gutsol A.V. Identification of the role of museums among modern options for cultural leisure // Young scientist. – 2022. – No. 21 (416). – P. 401-403.
8. Zaripov A. Ya., Psyanchin A. V., Migranova E. V. Historical self-awareness and collective memory of society: the role and significance of museums for the younger generation. // Eurasian legal journal. – 2023. – No. 9 (184). – pp. 309-310.
9. Ethnographic and anthropological research at IISL. To the 40th anniversary of the Department of Ethnography and Anthropology: 1959-1999. – Ufa: IYAL UC RAS, 1999. – 120 p.

SOCIOLOGY AND LAW
SMIRNOVA Irina Anatoljevna
senior lecturer of Physical education sub-faculty of the Tyumen Industrial University
RACHEVA Valeriya Dmitrievna
student of the Tyumen Industrial University
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL PARTNERSHIP IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENT SPORTS
The article shows the role of social partnership in the development of student sports, including professional sports. The article examines an important question from the point of view of getting an education at a university: how does professional sports affect the level of academic achievement of students, and what is the role of “interested groups” in organizing social partnership in this direction.
Keywords: students, education, professional sports, academic performance, social partnership.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Chaikovskaya M.V., Kuznetsova N.V. et al. Search for resources on developing a healthy lifestyle for students / In the collection: Water resources are the basis for the sustainable development of settlements in Siberia and the Arctic in the 21st century: Collection of reports of the XXI International Scientific and Practical Conference. – 2019. – pp. 396-400.
2. Kosintseva A. D., Zakharova A. V. Current problems in physical education classes among students of Tyumen Industrial University / In the collection: Materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference named after. D. I. Mendeleev. Collection of articles of the International Scientific and Practical Conference named after. D. I. Mendeleev. Rep. editor A. N. Khalin. – Tyumen, 2023. – pp. 442-445.
3. Abramova S. B. Features of obtaining higher education by high-class athletes – Text: electronic // 2019. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://elar.urfu.ru/bitstream/10995085.pdf (Date of access: 10.30.2023).
4. Sautkin M. F. Sports and academic performance of students – Text: electronic // 2016. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sport-i-akademicheskaya-uspevaemost-studentov/viewer (Access date: 10/30/2023).
5. Khairullina N. G., Baranova K. L. Retirement age of Russians: assessments and opinions. – Tyumen: Tyumen State Oil and Gas University, 2012. – 100 pp.
6. Chelnokova E. A. The influence of physical activity, physical education or sports on a student’s mental activity and his academic performance – Text: electronic // 2019. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vliyanie-dvigatelnoy-aktivnosti-zanyatiy-fizicheskoy-kulturoy-ili-sportom-na-umstvennuyu-deyatelnost-studenta-i-ego-uspevaemost (Date of access: 30.10 .2023).

SOCIOLOGY AND LAW
NGUYEN Chi Thanh
lecturer of the Faculty of Basic Operations of the People’s Police University
TRAN Van Tien
captain of the Traffic Police Team of Phu Thien District Police, Gia Lai
MOBILIZING ETHNIC MINORITIES TO PARTICIPATE IN PROTECTING SECURITY AND ORDER IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS AND VIET NAM IN THE CURRENT SITUATION
Mass mobilization is an important political task of the Communist Party of Vietnam and a key feature of the leadership activities of the Communist Party of Vietnam. Based on a study of the prospects for the Party’s mass mobilization work among ethnic minorities in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, the article outlines some ways to improve the effectiveness of the mobilization of ethnic minorities in protecting security and order.
Keywords: safety, ethnic minority, mass mobilization, Central Highland.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Bui Wang Dao. The role of village elders in the ethnic regions of the Central Highlands and some issues raised in the field of sustainable development // Vietnamese Journal of Science and Technology. 2013. No. 1 (24). pp. 39-44.
2. Communist Party of Vietnam. Documents of the 13th National Congress, Publishing House. National politics of truth. Hanoi, 2021. Volumes 1, 2.
3. Vuong Thi Ngoc Hue, Le Thi Thanh Nguyen. Promoting the role of trustworthy people in mass mobilization work in ethnic minorities and mountainous areas // Journal of Ethnic Studies. 2022. No. 1 (11). pp. 42-47.

LANGUAGE AND LAW
MARSHEVA Tatyana Vladimirovna
Ph.D. in philological sciences, senior lecturer of Foreign languages sub-faculty of the Kazan Federal University
ENGLISH LEGAL TERMINOLOGY AND THE PECULIARITIES OF ITS TRANSLATION INTO RUSSIAN
The article discusses the peculiarities of the transmission of English legal terms by means of the Russian language. The relevance of the work is due to the importance of conducting a linguistic analysis of legal terminology in the context of intercultural and interlanguage interaction and considering the peculiarities of the discrepancy between the semantic scope of legal terms in Russian and English.
Keywords: legal term, English, equivalent, translation, language of law, intercultural communication.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Adrianov S. N., Berson A. S., Nikiforov A. S. English-Russian legal dictionary. 3rd ed. – M.: Russo, 2000. – 512 p.
2. Bezuglova O. A. Problems of translating English legal terms in fiction // Philology and culture. – 2013. – No. 4. – P. 27-30.
3. Big Russian legal dictionary / Ch. ed. A. L. Sukharev. – M.: INFRA-M, 1998. – 790 pp.
4. Velichko A. M., Lazarev V. A. Problems of decoding the translation of legal terminology // Modern scientific research of innovation. – 2016. – No. 1 (57). – pp. 628-630.
5. Complete explanatory dictionary of all commonly used foreign words included in the Russian language, indicating their roots / Comp. N. Dubrovsky. – 21st ed. – M.: A. D. Stupin, 1914. – 786 pp.
6. Jerome K. Jerome. Selected works: in 2 volumes. Volume 1. Three in one boat, not counting the dog (Translation by M. A. Salye). – M.: State Publishing House of Fiction, 1957. – 504 p.
7. Jerome K. Jerome. Three in a boat (not counting the dog) (Translation by M. A. Donskoy and E. L. Linetskaya). – L.: State Publishing House of Children’s Literature of the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR, 1959. – 260 pp.
8. Latyshev L.K., Semenov A.L. Translation: Theory, practice and teaching methods: Textbook. 4th ed., erased. – M.: Publishing Center “Academy”, 2008.
9. Stupnikova L. V. Teaching professionally oriented discourse in the legal sphere in the context of intercultural interaction: English language, non-linguistic university: dis. …candid. pedagogical sciences: 13.00.02. – M., 2010. – 291 p.
10. SES – Soviet encyclopedic dictionary: [approx. 80,000 words] / Ed. A. M. Prokhorova. – 4th ed. – M.: Sov. Encycl., 1988. – 1599 pp.
11. Jerome K. Jerome. Three Men in a Boat (to Say Nothing of the Dog). – Novosibirsk: Sib. Univ. Publishing house, 2010. – 160 pp.

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
AMIRKHANOVA Liliya Rifovna
Ph.D. in economical sciences, professor of Computational mathematics and cybernetics sub-faculty of the Ufa University of Science and Technology
BIKMETOV Evgeniy Yurjevich
Ph.D. in sociological sciences, professor of Digital technologies in economics and management sub-faculty of the Ufa University of Science and Technology
PYATEREVA Valentina Andreevna
student of the bachelor’s degree program in the direction of training “Mathematical support and administration of information systems” of the Ufa University of Science and Technology
TO THE QUESTION OF SYSTEM APPROACH IN MODELING OF MARKETING ACTIVITY
The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the management of marketing activity, its information support in order to improve efficiency requires a systematic vision of the problem. In the system approach in the modeling of national marketing activity proposed by the authors, the main emphasis is placed on the allocation of the scale of functions at different levels of the system structure, the creation of a single centralized database. The proposed approach makes it possible to increase the efficiency of marketing processes research, optimize data management and ensure informed decision-making.
Keywords: marketing research, system approach, modeling, marketing informatization, system of marketing activity, levels and functions of marketing activity, database, modeling tools.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Information technologies in marketing: textbook / Ed. prof. G. A. Titorenko. M.: UNITY-DANA, 2000.
2. Bogatyreva M. R., Bikmetov E. Yu., Filippova E. S., Melnikova A. S. Review of approaches to assessing human capital in conditions of economic uncertainty // Eurasian Legal Journal. 2023. No. 10 (185). pp. 317-320.
3. Blauberg I.V. The problem of integrity and a systematic approach. M.: Editorial URSS, 1997.
4. Borisova V.V. Modeling methodology in marketing research // Bulletin of Tomsk State University. 2009. No. 323. pp. 229-232.
5. Amirkhanova L. R., Bikmetov E. Yu. Management of socially oriented competition based on territorial marketing // Bulletin of the Perm National Research Polytechnic University. Socio-economic sciences. 2022. No. 4. P. 156-174.
6. Korotkova T. L. On some trends in market development in Russia // Marketing in Russia and abroad. 2006. No. 6. P. 125-132.
7. Porter E. M. Competitive strategy: Methodology for analyzing industries and competitors / trans. from English M.: Alpina Business Books, 2005.
8. Belskikh I. E. Corporate communications of an industrial enterprise: in search of an effective national strategy // Marketing in Russia and abroad. 2006. No. 5. P. 24-31.

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
GARIFULLIN Bulat Askhatovich
magister student in the field of “Construction”, the program “Water supply and sanitation of cities and industrial enterprises” of the Architectural and Construction Institute of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
MARTYASHEVA Valentina Anatoljevna
Ph.D. in technical sciences, associate professor of Water supply and sanitation sub-faculty of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
ZHELTYSHEVA Anastasiya Dmitrievna
student in the field of training “Construction”, the program “Heat and gas supply and ventilation” of the Architectural and Construction Institute of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
IBATULLIN Anvar Uralovich
student in the field of training “Construction”, the program “Heat and gas supply and ventilation” of the Architectural and Construction Institute of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
APPLICATION OF BIM DESIGN IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article discusses the application of BIM design in the Russian Federation. The analysis of the involvement of domestic construction companies in BIM is carried out, and general statistics of the software used in Russia are also provided. At the same time, the trends of the introduction and development of BIM technologies in our country are revealed. The factors positively influencing the introduction of BIM technologies in construction and the problems hindering their development are identified. Recommendations for the development of information modeling are given.
Keywords: information modeling, construction industry, BIM technologies.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Grigorieva M.I. Using BIM technologies in construction // Architecture. Construction. Design. – 2017. – No. 3. – P. 100-123.
2. Lustina O. V., Bikbaeva N. A., Kupchekov A. M. The use of BIM technologies in modern construction // Young scientist. – 2016. – No. 15. – P. 187-190.
3. Strategy Partners. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://strategy.ru/?ysclid=lv6ypz1aut541702273 (date of access: 03/17/2024).
4. Chervova N. A., Lepeshkina D. O. Collisions of engineering systems when designing in BIM platforms // Construction of unique buildings and structures. – 2018. – No. 3 (66). – P. 7-18.
5. FroLova E.V. Information modeling of a construction project (BIM) // Innovations. – 2017. – No. 4. – P. 109-123.
6. Rybin E. N., Ambaryan S. K., Anosov V. V. [et al.]. BIM technologies // News of universities. Investments. Construction. Real estate. – 2019. – No. 9. – P. 98-105.
7. Abaltusov Yu. A., Chaturov V. V. BIM technologies. Problems of their implementation and development prospects in construction and design. – Text: immediate // Young scientist. – 2019. – No. 25 (263). – pp. 151-153.
8. Chegodaeva M. A. Functionality of the information model at the stages of design, construction and operation of the building. – Text: immediate // Young scientist. – 2016. – No. 25 (129). – pp. 102-105.
9. Kasatkina A. I., Yeritsyan V. S., Prospects for the use of 4D technologies as a means of managing a construction project // Modern methods of organization and management of construction: a collection of articles by young scientists, graduate students, young specialists, students [April 21, 2020 ] / St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. – St. Petersburg, 2020. – 347 p.
10. Ignatova E. S. Prospects for flexible management of construction production using information modeling of construction projects (BIM) // Modern science-intensive technologies. – 2020. – No. 12-1. – pp. 128-134.

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
DAVYDOV Eduard Malikovich
general director JSC “Roschem”, Moscow
RECENTRALIZATION AS A STRATEGY FOR INCREASING THE SUSTAINABILITY OF REGIONAL MESO-LEVEL ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
The article considers the process of recentalization as a strategic tool for increasing the sustainability of meso-level economic systems. It is noted that in the course of the evolution of regional economic systems, a new level of such systems has been formed, having a meso-level character. The formation of meso-level systems through the implementation of standards and operating regulations is considered. The lack of consensus in economic research on the impact of industrial production complexes and similar meso-level formations on the regional economy is substantiated. Theoretical models of management of regional economic systems are generalized and on this basis an original concept of regional development is proposed – the “concept of recentralization”. It is proposed to use an agile approach in the implementation of regulations for the implementation of the recentralization strategy. It is concluded that it is necessary to form mechanisms and improve tools to ensure the sustainable development of regional economic systems based on recentalization.
Keywords: concept of recentralization, sustainability, regional meso-level economic systems, operating regulations, agile approach.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Shultz D.N. Hierarchical analysis of mesoeconomic level objects // Regional problems of economic transformation. 2011. No. 3. P. 26.
2. Volynsky A.I. Meso-level as an object of research in the economic literature of modern Russia // Journal of Institutional Research. 2017. T. 9. No. 3. P. 38.
3. Mesoeconomics: elements of a new paradigm / Ed. V. I. Mayevsky, S. G. Kirdina-Chandler. M.: Institute of Economics RAS, 2020. P. 17.
4. Kirdina S. G. Methodological institutionalism and meso-level of social analysis // SOCIS. 2015. No. 12. P. 52-58.
5. Kirdina-Chandler S. G., Mayevsky V. I. Methodological issues of meso-level analysis in economics // Journal of Institutional Research. 2017. T. 9. No. 3. P. 18.
6. Bendikov M. A., Frolov I. E. High-tech sector of Russian industry: state, trends, mechanisms of innovative development. M: Nauka, 2007. 583 pp.
7. Betelin V., Velikhov E. Development of the Russian segment of the global IT industry. Possible scenarios // Electronics: Science, Technology, Business. 2007. No. 2. pp. 4-11.
8. Menshikov S. M. Convergence – accident or inevitability? [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.fastcenter.ru/smenshikov/Convergence.pdf (date of access: 02/15/2024).
9. Gubanov S. Neo-industrialization plus vertical integration (about the formula for the development of Russia) // Economist. 2008. No. 9. P. 3-27.
10. Krugliakova V. M., Maltsev A. A., Ampilov I. S. Sustainable development of innovative infrastructure based on flexible management methods // Paradigm of sustainability of multi-level socio-economic systems. Materials of the international scientific and practical conference. Orel: OSU named after. I. S. Turgeneva, 2020. P. 90-97.

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
EVDOKIMENKO Sofya Sergeevna
student of the 2nd course of Management sub-faculty of the Irkutsk National Research Technical University
BEREZHNYKH Mariya Valerjevna
Ph.D. in economic sciences, associate professor, Head of Management sub-faculty of the Irkutsk National Research Technical University
THE CURRENT STATE OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF ENTERPRISES
The article discusses innovative activity and its features, including the innovative activities of various enterprises.
Innovation issues are key for the most industrialized countries of the world, so the impact of innovation on business processes and economic development in general is undeniable. Management of innovative processes has recently been considered as an important component of the theory and practice of management and organization of production, attracting the attention of many domestic and foreign researchers.
Keywords:innovation, innovative activity, enterprise, market economy.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Kondratyev S.S. The role of innovation in the development of an enterprise. — Text: immediate // Young scientist. – 2018. – No. 24 (210). — P. 139-141. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://moluch.ru/archive/210/51516/ (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
2. Innovation activities. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0 %BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD %D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
3. The role of innovation in the modern development of Russian society. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://eduherald.ru/ru/article/view?id=17939 (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
4. Problems of innovative economy. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://spravochnick.ru/ekonomika/innovacionnaya_ekonomika_i_ee_formirovanie/problemy_innovacionnoy_ekonomiki/ (Access date: 03/07/2024).
5. Innovation activities. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0 %BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD %D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
6. Passport of the innovative development program of PJSC Gazprom until 2025. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.gazprom.ru/f/posts/97/653302/prir-passport-2018-2025.pdf (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
7. Innovation center “KAMAZ”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://ickamaz.ru/ (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
8. Completed innovative projects – “Innovation Center “KAMAZ”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://ickamaz.ru/projects/ (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
9. Rosneft. Innovative development program. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.rosneft.ru/Development/sci_and_innov/Programma/ (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
10. Rosneft. Cooperation within the framework of innovation activities. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.rosneft.ru/Development/sci_and_innov/Upravlenie_innovacionnoj_dejatelnostju/Sotrudnichestvo_v_ramkah_innovacionnoj_dejatelnosti/ (Date of access: 03/07/2024)
11. RUSAL. Innovation and development. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://rusal.ru/innovation/ (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
12. RUSAL. Innovation. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://rusal.ru/innovation/technology/ (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
13. Norilsk Nickel. Innovation. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://nornickel.ru/innovation/ (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
14. Irkutsk Oil Company. Gas project. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://irkutskoil.ru/ (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
15. Yandex. Business and technology of the future. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://ir.yandex.ru/about/innovations (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
16. Passport of the Innovative Development Program of PJSC Aeroflot. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.aeroflot.ru/media/aflfiles/media/strategy/pasport_2022.pdf (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
17. VTB introduced to the market a new system of working with innovations. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.cnews.ru/news/top/2023-06-06_vtb_predstavil_rynku_novuyu?erid=Kra23xZsb (Date of access: 03/07/2024).
18. Mail.ru has implemented artificial intelligence to automate technical support. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://news.rambler.ru/tech/52381952/?utm_content=news_media&utm_medium=read_more&utm_source=copylink (Date of access: 03/07/2024).

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
KUKIN Leonid Alexandrovich
competitor of the Russian State Academy of Intellectual Property, Moscow
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INNOVATION MANAGEMENT OF AN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE IN CONDITIONS OF INSTABILITY OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
The importance of applying the concept of RAS-resilience to stabilize the activitiesof an enterprise in modern conditions is substantiated. A methodology for assessing the effectiveness of innovation management has been proposed and tested. This methodology can be used in the conditions of adapting the activities of an enterprise to the instability of the economic environment.
Keywords:innovation management, management efficiency, economic instability, economic development, sustainability of development.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Kornilova E. V., Zakharov V. Ya., Kornilov D. A. Assessing sustainable development and forming a sustainability rating for the country’s regions // Development and Security. – 2023. – No. 1. – P.36-49.
2. Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/5987our-common-future.pdf (Date of access: 01/18/2024).
3. Tumenova S. A. Adaptive stability of economic systems: factors and conditions for ensuring growth // Issues of innovative economics. – 2022. – T. 12. No. 4. – P. 2409-2420.
4. Chernov R.V. Features of Russian enterprises that influence the development of new types of products // Business. Education. Right. – 2022. – No. 2. – P. 21-26.
5. Pavlova Yu. V., Pakhnovskaya N. M. Industrial innovations as an object of assessment // Bulletin of the Orenburg State University. – 2014. – No. 14. – P. 308-314.
6. Skurydin A.V. Fundamentals of forming a management system for the innovative development of a production enterprise // First Economic Journal. – 2023. – No. 8. – P. 28-34.
7. Litvinova A. G. Development of indicators of a company’s innovative activity // Bulletin of the Altai Academy of Economics and Law. – 2021. – No. 11-2. – pp. 244-250.
8. Industrial production in Russia. 2021: Stat.sb. / Rosstat. – M., 2021. – 305 pp.

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
MIRONOV Denis Evgenjevich
General Director of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Russian Institute of Standardization”, Moscow
FACTORS OF FORMATION OF DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF TECHNICAL REGULATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article presents the characteristics of the factors influencing the formation of the expected trends in the development of the technical regulation system in the Russian Federation in the context of such aspects as: the current state, challenges and threats, modern trends; the key problems of the technical regulation system of the Russian Federation are identified; the specifics of digitalization as a trend in the development of the technical regulation system and standardization in relation to the conditions of the Russian economy is characterized.
Keywords: technical regulation, technical regulation system, standardization, digitalization.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Mironov D., Salamatov V., Vatolkina N., Drobyshev D., Sapozhnikova P. Determining the boundaries of digital transformation of technical regulation of the EAEU // Standards and Quality. – 2023. – No. 9. – P. 28-33.

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
SAVITSKAYA Yuliya Petrovna
senior lecturer of Marketing and municipal management sub-faculty of the Tyumen Industrial University
PROMOTION OF CONSULTING SERVICES
The article discusses the features of the main methods of promoting consulting services. An enlarged classification of methods for promoting consulting services is proposed, including: promotion on the Internet; ratings; publication of information on specialized sites; loyalty programs for clients and maintaining constant communication with them; organization and participation in specialized events.
Keywords: consulting, service promotion, consulting services, Internet promotion.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Khairullina N. G., Ustinova O. V., Sadykova H. N., Tretyakova O. V., Bogdanova J. Z. Social protection of the poverty: problems and solutions // International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues. – 2016. – T. 6. No. 2. – P. 110-116.
2. Gaisina L. M., Mikhailovskaya I. M., Khairullina N. G., Pilipenko L. M., Shakirova E. V. Features of the formation of the corporate identity of the staff // Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia. – 2015. – T. 12. – No. 3. – P. 2543-2555.
3. Koltunova Yu. I., Skok N. I. Modern publishing strategies in the media space / In the collection: Culture and anticulture. Collection of articles of the X International Scientific and Methodological Conference. In 2 volumes. – Tyumen, 2023. – pp. 161-165.
4. Koltunova Yu. I. Features of advertising communications in the field of consulting // Eurasian Legal Journal. – 2023. – No. 10 (185). – pp. 321-322.
5. Amerslanova A. N. Forms of promotion of audit services and methods of determining the budget for promotion // Transport business – Russia. – 2012. – No. 2. – P. 37-38. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/formy-prodvizheniya-auditorskih-uslug-i-sposoby-opredeleniya-byudzheta-na-prodvizhenie (Date of access: 05/10/2023).
6. Shaykhlislamov V. A. Analysis of the promotion of business consulting services in the Russian market // Marketing in Russia and abroad. – 2013. – No. 1. – P. 42-48.
7. Avilova Zh. N., Agaeva A. N., Dubskaya A. S. Application of marketing tools in the activities of a consulting company // Bulletin of the Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law. – 2019. – No. 3. – P. 222-236. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_38027265_59546639.pdf.
8. Rodionov P. M. Contextual advertising: main mechanisms, advantages, disadvantages and metrics // Current issues of economics: collection of articles of the IV International Scientific and Practical Conference. – Penza: ICNS “Science and Enlightenment”, 2020. – No. 4. – P. 50-52.
9. Avilova Zh. N., Agaeva A. N., Dubskaya A. S. Application of marketing tools in the activities of a consulting company // Bulletin of the Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law. – 2019. – No. 3. – P. 222-236. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_38027265_59546639.pdf.

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
FIRSOVA Olga Nikolaevna
Ph.D. in economic sciences, associate professor, associate professor of Marketing and entrepreneurship sub-faculty of the I. S. Turgenev Orel State University
NIKITIN Sergey Alexandrovich
Ph.D. in economic sciences, associate professor of Project management sub-faculty of the State University of Management, Moscow
REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA
The authors of the article analyzed the dynamics of the average number of employees and turnover of small enterprises in the regions of the Russian Federation (in the context of the federal districts of the country) and established a significant differentiation of the analyzed indicators of small business development. It was revealed that the predominant development of small enterprises was in the Central, Volga and Northwestern Federal Districts; the minimum values in terms of the average number of employees and turnover of small enterprises are observed in the Southern, North Caucasian, Far Eastern Federal Districts.
Keywords: regions of Russia, small business, entrepreneurship.
Bibliographical list of articles
1. Ziroyan M. A., Kuznetsova K. V., Firsova O. N. State policy to stimulate small business in Russia // Financial management. – 2024. – No. 2.
2. Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated June 2, 2016 No. 1083-r “On the Strategy for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation for the period until 2030 and the action plan (“road map”) for its implementation.” Electronic resource. – Access mode: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/71318202/?ysclid=lsbhcznjqz527729643 (Date of access: 02.22.2024).
3. Regions of Russia. Socio-economic indicators. 2023: Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. – M., 2023. – 1126 p. Electronic resource. – Access mode: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Region_Pokaz_2023.pdf (Date of access: 02/22/2024).
4. Regions of Russia. Socio-economic indicators. 2019: Stat. Sat. / Rosstat. – M., 2019. – 1204 p.
5. Electronic resource. – Access mode: https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Region_Pokaz_2019.pdf (Date of access: 02.22.2024).

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
TCHUMLYAKOV Kirill Stanislavovich
Ph.D. in technical sciences, associate professor of Transport and technological systems sub-faculty of the Tyumen Industrial University
ALGORITHM FOR THE PHASED INTERNATIONALIZATION OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
The article is dedicated to the development of an algorithm for the phased internationalization of transport infrastructure. Development of algorithms (or algorithmization) is one of the modern ways of solving practical problems. The presented algorithm includes four stages with clarifying subtasks; compiled on the basis of generally accepted rules; contains commonly understood elements and operations. The result of the algorithm is a decision on the internationalization of a link in the transport infrastructure.
Keywords: internationalization, international transport infrastructure, international transport corridors, algorithmization.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Knyazeva M. D. Algorithmics: from algorithm to program: textbook. – Moscow: KUDITS-OBRAZ, 2006. – 192 p. – (Computer science). – ISBN 5-9579-0109-1.
2. Lavrikova Yu. G., Petrov M. B. Large transport projects of the Ural Arctic as a factor in ensuring the connectivity of the Arctic space // II Laverov Readings Arctic: current problems and challenges: Collection of scientific materials of the All-Russian Conference with international participation, Arkhangelsk, 13-17 November 2023. – Arkhangelsk: Printing House No. 2 LLC, 2023. – P. 687-690.
3. Nekhoroshkov V.P. Internationalization of the transport complex as a factor in Russia’s integration into the world economy: dis. … doc. economy Sciences: 08.00.14 / Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov. – Moscow, 2015. – 459 p.
4. Pokrovskaya O. D., Voskresensky I. V. Algorithmization of complex calculation of parameters of a regional terminal network // Transport of the Urals. – 2011. – No. 1 (28). – pp. 10-13.
5. Timchenko V. S. Algorithmization of processes for assessing the capacity of railway sections in the conditions of providing windows // Transport of the Russian Federation. – 2013. – No. 5 (48). – pp. 34-37.
6. Transport systems and terminal complexes: Textbook / A. S. Gavaev, S. A. Yarkov, E. M. Chikishev, K. S. Chumlyakov. – Tyumen: Tyumen Industrial University, 2020. – 92 p. – ISBN 978-5-9961-2469-5.
7. Kharitonov S.V. Automation of calculation algorithms for assessing the efficiency of development of transport infrastructure systems // Crimean Scientific Bulletin. – 2015. – No. 2 (2). – pp. 93-102.
8. Chumlyakov K. S., Chumlyakova D. V. Formation of a portfolio of strategies for the internationalization of transport infrastructure // Eurasian Legal Journal. – 2022. – No. 12 (175). – pp. 407-409. – DOI 10.46320/2073-4506-2022-12-175-407-408.
9. Ansoff H. I. (1979). Strategic Management. Palgrave Macmillan, London. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-02971-6.
10. Tchumlyakov K. S., Tchumlyakova D. V. Process model for the internationalization of transport infrastructure // AIP Conference Proceedings, 2021. – P. 100032. – DOI 10.1063/5.0063517.
11. Tchumlyakov K. S., Tchumlyakova D. V., Ignatyuk Y. L. The Dynamic Model of Macroregional Transport Activity Development Based on a Generalized Optimization Criterion // IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science: 2020 International Science and Technology Conference on Earth Science, ISTCEarthScience 2020, Vol. 666. – IOP Publishing Ltd: IOP Publishing Ltd, 2021. – P. 062110. – DOI 10.1088/1755-1315/666/6/062110.

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
GRETSKIY Gennadiy Viktorovitch
postgraduate student of the Faculty of Custom Administration and Security of the North-West Institute of Management of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation
ON SOME THEORETICAL, METHODOLOGICAL AND PRACTICAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION (USING ASEAN AS AN EXAMPLE)
The article discusses some problems of international economic integration using the example of the Association of Southeast Asian Countries (ASEAN). The author notes the inconsistency, heterogeneity and asymmetry of this association, which as a result leads to a number of long-playing problems that lie both in the theoretical and methodological and in the practical field of scientific research. To illustrate his own theses, the author conducts a comparative analysis of ASEAN with other prominent regional associations – MERCOSUR and UATS, identifying similarities and differences between them, which are based on intra-regional trade relations and examples of non-regional cooperation.
Keywords: international economic integration, economic interaction, economic policy coordination, international economic agreements
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Korneeva E. Yu. Basic theoretical approaches to the study of integration processes // Social and humanitarian knowledge. – 2013. – No. 2. – P. 271-278.
2. Martynova E. S. Integration processes in the Asia-Pacific region: new contours of East Asian regionalism // Bulletin of international organizations. – 2012. – No. 4 (39). – pp. 254-267.
3. Khodova S.S. History of the development of relations between China and ASEAN // Bulletin of Tomsk State University. – 2014. – No. 388. – P. 148-154.
4. Honrada G. J. P., Bockeria S. A. The concepts of “Shanghai Spirit” and “ASEAN Way” as the basis of new regionalism // Bulletin of RUDN University. Series: International relations. – 2023. – T. 23, No. 2. – P. 253-264.

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
LI Gen
postgraduate student of the Institute of Business of the Belarusian State University, Republic of Belarus
REGULATORY DYNAMICS: ENSURING ECONOMIC SECURITY THROUGH STOCK MARKETS
This study is devoted to the analysis of the dynamics of stock market regulation in order to ensure economic security. The article analyzes the regulatory and legal regulation of the stock market in Russia. In addition, it identifies shortcomings that require changes taking into account the conditions of today’s unstable geopolitical situation and strained relations with Western countries and the United States. The article also defines the place of stock markets in economic security, its importance and the insufficiency of reflection in indicators of economic security strategy.
Keywords:economic security, stock market, securities, investors, indicators, regulatory and legislative acts
References
1. Badylevich R. V., Ulchenko M. V., Kondratovich D. L. Practice of legal regulation of ensuring economic security at the federal and regional levels // Fundamental Research. – 2019. – No. 7. – P. 13-20
2. Mirzaliev M. E. The role of stock markets to ensure economic security // Relevant research. – 2022. – No. 9 (88). – P. 33-35.
3. Opalsky A. P. Countering market manipulation in the system of ensuring economic security of the stock market // Microeconomics. – 2021. – No. 4. – P. 94-103

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
SUN Xiaotong
master, Faculty of Economics, International Business Management, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
BUBNOVA Yuliya Borisovna
Ph.D. in economical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of Finance and financial institutions sub-faculty of the Baikal State University, Irkutsk
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO SUPPORT MANAGEMENT DECISIONS
Management decisions have a key role in building an effective business environment, determining the efficiency and effectiveness of the company’s activities, and in the digital business environment, artificial intelligence plays the role of a technical and software tool that optimizes management activities. The object of study is management as an area of human experience. The subject of the research is artificial intelligence, as a technical and software tool that optimizes management activities. The purpose of the study is to present how artificial intelligence shapes the digital environment of management decisions. The article argues that the effective implementation of management decisions is the optimization of resources and processes, which is one of the most significant factors in increasing operational efficiency, where technical and software systems based on artificial intelligence play a leading role. Leaders and companies using artificial intelligence technologies must recognize the importance of ethical considerations in the development and application of such systems and maintain transparency in the algorithms and principles embedded in the systems, which allows them to control the decisions made by these systems and establish ethical frameworks and standards for the digital environment.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, data analysis, management decisions, labor resources, digital environment.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Goryacheva T.V., Katugin K.K. Directions for using an artificial intelligence system to support management decision-making // Global problems of modernization of the national economy: Proceedings of the XII International Scientific and Practical Conference, Tambov, April 26, 2023 / Rep. editors A. A. Burmistrova, A. V. Sayapin, N. K. Rodionova. – Tambov: Publishing House “Derzhavinsky”, 2023. – P. 224-228. – EDN GUWUBK.
2. Sukhareva M. A., Vinichenko M. V. Construction of expert systems using artificial intelligence technologies as a support system for making management decisions // New generation. – 2019. – No. 20. – P. 77-83. – EDN BHYXZQ.
3. Ilchenko S.V. Recruiting personnel in the personnel management system // Bulletin of experimental education. – 2021. – No. 1 (26). – P. 34-43. – EDN EPVVIK.
4. Snoo B., Demyanova O. V., Huang H. Ya. Digital finance and artificial intelligence in the construction of a modern digital environment // Discussion. – 2023. – No. 4 (119). – P. 18-32. – DOI 10.46320/2077-7639-2023-4-119-18-32. – EDN MUVAXC.

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
YANG Yidan
Master of the Faculty of Economics of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
FEDYUNIN Alexander Sergeevich
Ph.D. in economical sciences, associate professor of World economy and world finance sub-faculty of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
TRADE LIBERALIZATION, NATIONAL ECONOMY AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
This study provides a theoretical analysis of trade liberalization from a national development perspective. The object of the study is the global economy. The subject of the study is the national economy. The aim of the study is to examine how trade liberalisation, national economy and national development are comprehensively interrelated and what implications trade liberalization has on the national economy and national development of a country. It is discussed that there is weak empirical support for the arguments of the benefits of free trade put forward by many eminent economists in the perspective of national development and benefits to the national economy. It is debated that the effectiveness of trade liberalization has a significant impact on long-term local economic development, food security, employment and social welfare in developing countries. The effects of trade liberalization on a country’s taxation and government revenue are presented.
Keywords: global economy, market liberalisation, exports, imports, industry, agriculture.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Hausmann R., Stock D. P., Yıldırım M. A. Implied comparative advantage // Research Policy. – 2022. – T. 51. No. 8. – P. 104143.
2. Al-kasasbeh O., Alzghoul A., Alhanatleh H. The impact of fiscal policy and trade liberalization on economic growth: evidence from structural breaks for Jordan //International journal of professional business review. – 2022. – T. 7. No. 6. – P. e0850-e0850.
3. Wade R. H. What strategies are viable for developing countries today? The World Trade Organization and the shrinking of ‘development space’ // Review of international political economy. – 2003. – T. 10. No. 4. – P. 621-644.
4. Athukorala P. C., Jayasuriya S. Food safety issues, trade and WTO rules: A developing country perspective // World Economy. – 2003. – T. 26. No. 9. – P. 1395-1416.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
ASTAPOVA Elena Sergeevna
postgraduate student of Philosophy, law and social sciences and humanities sub-faculty of the Armavir State Pedagogical University
BAKLANOVA Olga Alexandrovna
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of Philosophy and ethnology sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol
BAKLANOV Igor Spartakovich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, professor, professor of Philosophy and ethnology sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol
POKHILKO Alexander Dmitrievich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, professor, professor of Philosophy, law and social sciences and humanities sub-faculty of the Armavir State Pedagogical University
DETERMINANTS OF SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS AS SOCIAL MEMORY: SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH
Consideration of public consciousness from the perspective of social memory reflects the desire of modern society to be saturated with information. The role of consciousness in the information society is considered in a regulatory aspect in relation to human activity. The task is to identify the moment of change in socio-philosophical paradigms in the social cognition of public consciousness, which can be recorded in the post-Soviet period. This transition in Russian philosophy means the desire for scientific research of spiritual processes and means the connection of theory with commemorative practices of our time. As a result of the study, it is concluded that social consciousness has autonomy and creative activity, but understood not in the spirit of idealism or materialism, but in line with the socio-anthropological paradigm of knowledge of phenomena and processes.
Keywords: society, social consciousness, determination, social memory, culture, history.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Baklanov I. S., Baklanova O. A The problem of the subject of historical knowledge: philosophical analysis // Bulletin of the Armavir State Pedagogical University. – 2018. – T. 1. No. 1. – P. 24-35.
2. Baklanova O. A., Bogatyreva O. V., Isakova V. V. Hidden rationing as a factor in the formation of sociality in modern society // Eurasian Legal Journal. – 2023. – No. 10 (185). – pp. 360-361.
3. Gubanova M. A., Pokhilko A. D. Cultural formations in the spiritual life of Russia // Humanitarian and social sciences. – 2014. – No. 2. – P. 198-201.
4. Darenskaya I. V. Reconstructing family history: analysis of communicative and commemorative practices of family narrative // Humanitarian, socio-economic and social sciences. Series: Historical Sciences. Culturology. Political science. – 2023. – No. 2. – P. 22-24.
5. Kolevatov V. A. Social memory and cognition. – Moscow: Thought,1984. – 190 p.
6. Petrov M.K. Human dimension. Types of cultures and man’s relationship to nature. – Rostov-on-Don; Taganrog: Southern Federal University Publishing House, 2019. – 108 pp.
7. Pokhilko A. D., Gubanova M. A., Minasyan L. G., Sokolova N. M. Sociocultural autonomy of human self-development: philosophical aspect. – Armavir: ASPU, 2020. – 176 p.
8. Rebane Y. K. Some problems of the complex determination of cognition // Social nature of cognition. – Moscow: Science, 1979. – P. 72-89.
9. Khrapov S. A. Interaction of social memory and social consciousness of post-Soviet Russia: a social and philosophical approach // Bulletin of Volgograd State University. Episode 7: Philosophy. Sociology and social technologies. – 2010. – No. 2 (12). – pp. 38-44.
10. Chavchavadze I.Z. External and internal factors in the development of culture // Culture and public development. – Tbilisi: Metsniereba, 1979. – P. 19.
11. Baklanov I. S., Baklanova O. A., Erokhin A. M., Ponarina N. N., Akopyan G. A. Myth as a Means of Ordering And Organizing Social Reality // Journal of Historical Culture and Art Research. – 2018. – V. 7. No. 2. – P. 41-47. 87.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
BAKLANOVA Olga Alexandrovna
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of Philosophy and ethnology sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol
BAKLANOV Igor Spartakovich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, professor, professor of Philosophy and ethnology sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol
LUKYANOV Gennadiy Ivanovich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, associate professor, professor of Economics and management sub-faculty of the Volga Polytechnic Institute (branch) of the Volgograd State Technical University
POKHILKO Alexander Dmitrievich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, professor, associate professor of Philosophy, law and social sciences and humanities sub-faculty of the Armavir State Pedagogical University
BASIC REFLECTIONS OF SOCIALITY IN MODERN SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY
The work examines the main approaches to understanding the phenomenon of sociality, which began in the theories of European Modernity and was developed in subsequent theories of social philosophy and sociology. It is shown that sociality as an object can be studied in three aspects – structural, functional and dynamic. The contours of the structural and functional aspects of this problem are composed mainly of a typological definition of coordinates on the scale of “cultural-biological” and “social-anthropological”, and, taken by themselves, are of an essentialist nature. And the dynamic parameters of social change vary from a historical perspective, such as the causes and speed of change in the structural and functional characteristics of the social structure.
Keywords: society, sociality, individualism, collectivism, Modern, Enlightenment, romanticism, social institutions.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Baklanova O. A., Baklanov I. S. Research of sociality as a methodological problem of social cognition // Humanities and social sciences. – 2014. – No. 2. – P. 176-180.
2. Baklanova O. A., Dushina T. V. Sociality as a subject of sociocultural analysis // Sociodynamics. – 2017. – No. 6. – P. 52-58.
3. Berger P. L., Berger B. Sociology. Biographical approach / Personality-oriented sociology. – M.: Academic project. 2004. − P. 93.
4. Durkheim E. Sociology. Its subject, method, purpose. – M.: Canon. 2006. – 352 p.
5. Kasavin I. T. Social epistemology: Fundamental and applied problems. – M.: Alfa-M, 2013. − 560 p.
6. Morkina Yu. S. Social theory of knowledge by D. Bloor: origins and philosophical meaning. – M. Canon+; ROOI “Rehabilitation”, 2012. – 256 p.
7. Baklanov I. S., Baklanova O. A., Shmatko A. A., Gubanova M. A., Pokhilko A. D. The Historical Past as a Factor of Sociocultural Transformations of Postmodernity // Journal of Historical Culture and Art Research. 2018. – V. 7. No. 1. – R. 373-378.
8. Bloor D. Knowledge and Social Imagery / The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1991. – 200 p.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
BARINOVA Galina Viktorovna
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, Head of Philosophy, sociology and history sub-faculty of the Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Moscow
CHALLENGES AND SECURITY THREATS IN THE SPIRITUAL SPHERE OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY
In the article, the author reflects on the fact that the critical state of the world system and the growing chaos are currently testing the strength of not only the Russian state, but also each individual. Attention is focused on the activities of independent Western and American media, saturating the media space with anti-Russian content, which gradually blurs the boundaries between the “real” and the “idea of the real”, forcing people to live in an artificially formed “matrix”, transforming traditional spiritual values. Revealing both positive and contradictory features of the Russian national mentality, the author shows the connection between the national character of a person and the historical fate of the state. The problem of challenges and threats to the spiritual sphere of Russian society is being updated. In conclusion, the importance of understanding and studying all aspects of spiritual security in order to counter various techniques of information and psychological warfare technology is emphasized.
Keywords: state, traditional values, Russian mentality, spiritual security, crisis, challenges, threats, information and psychological warfare.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Berdyaev N. A. The meaning of history. Experience in the philosophy of human destiny. – Paris: YMCA-PRESS11, rue de la Montagne S-te Geneviève Paris V. Second edition. Paris, 1969. – 273 p.
2. Berdyaev N. A. The fate of Russia: experiments on the psychology of war and nationality / Nikolai Berdyaev. – M.: Publishing house. G. A. Leman, S. I. Sakharova, 1918. – [4], V, [3]. – 240 s.
3. Deineka O. S. The image and media image of Russia in the minds of German citizens against the backdrop of strengthening radical attitudes in society // Society: sociology, psychology, pedagogy. – 2021. – No. 12 (92). – pp. 225-231.
4. Forecasted challenges and threats to the national security of the Russian Federation and directions for their neutralization / Ed. ed. A. S. Korzhevsky; Editorial Board: V.V. Tolstykh, I.A. Kopylov. – M.: RSUH, 2021. – 604 p.
5. Sokolov V. M. The nature and essence of the Russian mentality // Ethnosocium and interethnic culture. – 2008. – No. 1 (9). – P. 74-95. – EDN PVSIIT.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
GALIMOVA Lyudmila Rustamovna
employee of the Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa
SALIKHOV Gafur Gubaevich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, professor of Philosophy and cultural studies sub-faculty of the Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa
SOCIAL INDICATORS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE VALUE`S BASES OF SOCIALIZATION
The relevance of the study of social indicators that determine the formation and dynamics of the development of the value`s bases of socialization is due to the specifics of modern society, characterized by changes in traditional adaptive resources. The definition of social interest as an initial social indicator of the level of development of social subjectivity and personal formation presupposes a scientific interpretation of these concepts. The philosophical approach allows us to analyze the structure of the value system depending on the ability to assess the situation – this is one of the important elements of a person’s social behavior. A rational assessment of the situation is considered to be an element of the mechanism of human socialization, through which the interaction of external and internal forms of determination is carried out.
Keywords: person, individual, society, socialization, phenomenon, interest, goal, adaptation, method, strategy, system.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Aslanov Ya. A. Political socialization of youth as a sociocultural phenomenon // Bulletin of the South Russian State Technical University (NPI). Series: Socio-economic sciences. – 2023. – T. 16. No. 4. – P. 25-37.
2. Baubekova G. D., Nagymzhanova K. M., Zhantikeev S. K., Raushanova I. M. Development and socialization of personality in the family // Innovative development: the potential of science and modern education / Ed. ed. G. Yu. Gulyaeva. – Penza, 2022. – pp. 175-185.
3. Gordeev K. S., Dubrovin N. A., Ermolaeva E. L., Zhidkov A. A., Ilyushina E. S. Concept, factors and mechanisms of socialization // Humanitarian Research. – 2021. – No. 5 (117). – P. 8-19.
4. Malkevich A. A. Socio-political portrait of Russian youth // Eurasian Scientific Review. – 2023. – No. 1 (6). – pp. 65-73.
5. Pilipenko E. V. Dynamics of the use of free time by student youth // Modern youth and society. – 2023. – No. 11. – P. 29-34.
6. Salikhov G. G. The importance of Yusuf Balasagunsky’s creativity in the spiritual development of Turkic peoples in the context of global challenges // Culture, creativity and innovation for sustainable development: materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference (Ufa, April 27, 2023) / Rep. . ed. L. A. Itkulova. – Ufa: RIC UUNiT, 2023. – pp. 195-202
7. Salikhov G. G. Man of the era of globalization. – M.: Nauka, 2008. – 560 p.
8. Salikhov G. G. Man in a globalizing world: socio-philosophical analysis: dis. … doc. Philosopher Sciences: 09.00.11. – Ufa, 2010. – 361 p.
9. Sakhavchuk N.V. The phenomenon of socialization in scientific foreign concepts of personality development: theoretical aspect // Bulletin of the Academy of Civil Defense. – 2021. – No. 1 (25). – pp. 144-149.
10. Selivanova S.S. Development of professional activity of youth on the Internet in modern conditions // Fundamental Research. – 2022. – No. 1. – P. 61-65.
11. Khanova M. N., Akhmadova R. L. Life goals in the system of regulation of social behavior of student youth // Context and reflection: philosophy about the world and man. – 2022. – T. 11. No. 1A. – pp. 193-199.
12. Chernavin Yu. A. Communicative status of the individual in a digital society // Digital Sociology. – 2022. – T. 5. No. 2. – P. 33-42.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
ZUBKOV Sergey Alexandrovich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, associate professor of Philosophy and religious studies sub-faculty of the A. G. and N. G. Stoletov Vladimir State University
VOLKOVA Valeriya Evgenjevna
student of the bachelor’s degree in religious studies of the Humanitarian Institute of the A. G. and N. G. Stoletov Vladimir State University
THE PHILOSOPHY OF THE NKISI PHENOMENON AS AN AESTHETIC AND SACRED IDEAL IN THE MASS CONSCIOUSNESS
This article examines the inconsistency and dynamics of the religious image using the example of the African phenomenon of nkisi. Bernstein’s research, which objectively reveals the functions of a religious artifact, is used to describe and comprehend the African nkisi as a sacred image. Based on the research of Belting Hans, an analysis is made of the process when the nkisi fetish is deprived of the original religious meaning of the object and its previously inherent functions, that is, it changes its ancient aura of an exclusively sacred image to its embodiment as a symbol of national African art, filled with new meanings, through the rapprochement and bringing people together through art and faith. The ecophilic philosophy of sacralization of fetishes and natural objects contributes to a contemplative and respectful attitude towards nature. The modern realities of disseminating the image of nkisi through mass media technologies create a new range of interpretations in the mass consciousness.
Keywords: nkisi fetish, ancestor cult, folk religiosity, talismans, heritage.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Belting Hans Image and cult. The history of the image before the era of art. – M.: Progress-Tradition Publishing House, 2002. – 540 pp.
2. Bernstein B. M. Visual image and the world of art. Historical essays. – St. Petersburg: Petropolis Publishing House, 2006. – 565 p.
3. Zubkov S. A. Criteria for religious ecophilicity // News of Irkutsk State University. Series “Political Science. Religious Studies”. – 2019. – Volume 28. – P. 92-100. Doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2019.28.92.
4. Chegodaeva M. A. Bernshtein B. M. Visual image and the world of art. Historical essays // Art history. – St. Petersburg: GII Publishing House, 2012. – No. 2. – P. 628-640.
5. Encyclopedia of African religion. Editors, Molefi Kete Asante, Ama Mazama. – London: SAGE Publications, 2009. – 866 p.
6.Marvel Studios. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.marvel.com/movies/black-panther (Date of access: 12/20/23.)

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
KLIMOV Sergey Nikolaevich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, professor, professor of Philosophy, sociology and history sub-faculty of the Russian University of Transport (Moscow State University of Railway Engineering)
DRONKINA Anastasiya Gennadjevna
senior lecturer of Philosophy sub-faculty of the Russian University of Transport (Moscow State University of Railway Engineering)
ON THE ISSUE OF CHANGES IN COMMUNICATIVE AND REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN MODERN RUSSIAN SOCIETY
The relevance of the research topic is due to the need for a comprehensive socio-philosophical understanding of the causes and factors of transformations occurring with communicative and regulatory mechanisms in modern Russian society. The rapid development of information technologies, the processes of virtualization, digitalization, desacralization, and a decrease in the normativity of communicative regulatory mechanisms all have a wide range of socially ambiguous consequences.
Keywords: virtualization, desacralization, cyberspace, normativity, rite, custom, ritual, digitalization.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Bayburin A.K. Ritual in traditional culture. Structural and semantic analysis of East Slavic rituals. – St. Petersburg: Nauka, 1993. – P. 66.
2. Galanina E. V., Baturin D. A. Mythological image of sacred sacrifice in video games. Bulletin of Tomsk State University. Cultural studies and art history. – 2018. – No. 3 (31). – P. 21-34.
3. Ivanova M.V. The problem of transformation of religious practices in the conditions of modern society // Visual images of modern culture: ideals and ideologies (to the 25th anniversary of theological education in Omsk). Collection of scientific articles based on the materials of the VIII All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. – Omsk. 2020. – pp. 81-84.
4. Krupoderya E. A. Digitalization of religious practices: the main trends of our time // Information society and spiritual culture of youth: materials of the international scientific and practical conference, Vitebsk, December 1, 2023 – Vitebsk: VSU named after P. M. Masherov, 2023. – P. 239.
5. Rostovskaya N. A. The evolution of wedding rituals of the Russian urban population of Russia during the Soviet period // Izvestia of PGU im. V. G. Belinsky. – 2012. – No. 27. – P. 953.
6. Samokhvalova V.I. The category of normativity and post-modern cultural context // Philosophy and Society. – 2014. – No. 1 (73).– pp. 77-78.
7. Sukhov A. A. The phenomenon of digital technologies: the value aspect // Bulletin of the Moscow City Pedagogical University. Series: Philosophical Sciences. – 2020. – No. 1 (33). – P. 102.
8. Transformation of social existence: problems and prospects: a collection of scientific papers of the Round Table dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Russian Open Academy of Transport / edited by. ed. G. V. Barinova, S. N. Klimova – Moscow: Russian University of Transport (MIIT), 2021. – P. 98.
9. Fedorovskikh A. A. Transformation of the sacred and profane in society: myth – religion – ideology: dis. …cand. philosopher. Sci. – Ekaterinburg, 2000. – P. 3.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
KUZMENKO Alexander Anatoljevich
Ph.D. in biological sciences, associate professor of Computer technologies and systems sub-faculty of the Bryansk State Technical University
PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERSTANDING OF METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ERGODESIGN OF THE LIFE ENVIRONMENT
The article examines the process of creating new environments for human life from the perspective of ergodesign. It analyzes in detail the methods of ergonomic and design approaches used in the design process, which involves conceptualizing the desired future and identifying methods and means for its implementation. Design is considered as a multifactorial and interdisciplinary process that includes the methodologies of various scientific disciplines such as engineering, architecture, ecology, sociology, art, etc. The interdisciplinary nature of the design is emphasized, due to the need to take into account the diverse features of the human environment. They analyze scientific research and practical techniques aimed at creating integrated and harmonious solutions that contribute to improving the quality of life and symbiosis with the natural environment.
The purpose of the study is to conduct a philosophical analysis of methodological approaches to ergodesign of the life environment.
The results of the study. The analysis shows the need to integrate the latest knowledge, methodologies and innovations into interdisciplinary research, which makes it possible to design safe and harmonious living conditions in the process of ergodesign.
Keywords: ergodesign, methodological approaches, socio-technological development of the world.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Venda V.F. Systems of hybrid intelligence: Evolution, psychology, computer science. – M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1990.
2. Demidenko E. S., Dergacheva E. A., Popkova N. V. Philosophy of social and technological development of the world: articles, concepts, terms: scientific publication. – M.: World Information Encyclopedia; Bryansk: BSTU, 2011. – 388 p.
3. Dmitrieva M. A., Krylov A. A., Naftulev A. I. Labor psychology and engineering psychology. – L.: Publishing house Leningr. University, 1979.
4. Dubrovsky V. Ya., Shchedrovitsky L. P. Problems of system engineering and psychological design. – M.: Moscow State University Publishing House, 1971.
5. Krylov A. A. Man in automated control systems. – L.: Publishing house Leningr. University, 1973.
6. Kuzmenko A. A. Social and philosophical understanding of the importance of applying the principles of ergonomic design in the manufacture of stone tools during the period of the collecting society // Eurasian Legal Journal. – 2023. – No. 12 (185). – pp. 539-342.
7. Lomov B.F. The state and prospects for the development of psychology in the USSR in the light of the decisions of the XXIV Congress of the CPSU // Questions of psychology. – 1971. – No. 5. – P. 3-19.
8. Luhmann N. Social systems: an outline of the general theory. – St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2007.
9. Piskoppel A. A., Vuchetich G. G., Sergienko S. K., Shchedrovitsky L. P. Engineering psychology: disciplinary organization and conceptual structure. – M.: Publishing House “Kastal”, 1994.
10. Ponomarenko V. A., Zavalova N. D. The principle of the active operator in automated control systems // Aviation psychology. – M.: Institute of Aviation and Space Medicine, 1992. – P. 87-99.
11. Sergeev S. F. Concept knowledge in the paradigm of constructivism // Vestn. St. Petersburg un-ta. Ser. 12. – 2008. – Issue. 3. – pp. 418-427.
12. Sergeev S. F. Methodology of ergonomic design of artificial intelligence systems for 5th generation aircraft // Mechatronics, Automation, Management. – 2007. – No. 11. – P. 6-11.
13. Sukhodolsky G.V. Fundamentals of the psychological theory of activity. – L.: Publishing house Leningr. University, 1988.
14. Shlaen P. Ya., Lvov V. M. Ergonomics for engineers: Ergonomic support for the design of human-machine systems: Problems, methodology, technologies. – Tver: TvGU, 2004.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
RAVOCHKIN Nikita Nikolaevich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, associate professor, professor of History, philosophy and social sciences sub-faculty of the T. F. Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, Kemerovo; professor of Pedagogical technologies sub-faculty of the V. N. Poletskov Kuzbass State Agricultural University
SHEPELEVA Sophia Alexeevna
Ph.D. in technical sciences, associate professor, Head of Physics sub-faculty of the T. F. Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University, Kemerovo
OLEKSENKO Elizaveta Mikhaylovna
postgraduate student of History of philosophy and logic sub-faculty of the National Research Tomsk State University
SOCIOCULTURAL DYNAMICS IN THE REALITIES OF DIGITALIZATION: PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS (PART 1)
The article presents a philosophical analysis of changes in sociocultural dynamics under the influence of digitalization. The foundations underlying traditional and digital society are differentiated. The vectors of displacement of value guidelines have been clarified. Approaches to defining advanced technologies and their role in relation to social life are presented. The conditionality of sociocultural dynamics from digitalization processes has been revealed. The authors consider the impact of advanced technologies on the transformation of various spheres of public life. The effects are shown in aspects of personal existence, cultural memory, socialization and the field of education.
Keywords: digitalization, society, technology, culture, communication.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Apresyan R. G. Are ethical problems associated with the digitalization of education specific? // Bulletin of Applied Ethics. – 2021. – No. 58. – P. 65-74.
2. Valeeva G. V. Ethical risks of digital transformation of higher education // Manuscript. – 2021. – T. 14. No. 11. – P. 2343-2347.
3. Zamaraeva E. I. Sociocultural transformations in the era of digitalization // Bulletin of the Financial University. Humanitarian sciences. – 2021. – T. 11. No. 1. – P. 43-48.
4. Zakharova V.I. Mass media as a mediator between government and society // Power and mass media. – 2014. – No. 8. – P. 183-194.
5. Kadyrova S.V., Nemtseva E.A., Tulchinsky G.L. Self-management. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2013. – 224 p.
6. Oleshko V.F., Oleshko E.V. Communicative and cultural memory: identification resources of modern mass media // Humanitarian vector. – 2019. – T. 14. No. 5. – P. 77-86.
7. Repina L.P. Cultural memory and problems of historical writing (historiographic notes). – M.: State University Higher School of Economics, 2003. – 44 p.
8. Ter-Minasova S. G. Language and intercultural communication. ‒ M.: Slovo/Slovo, 2000. – 624 p.
9. Tulchinsky L. G. University ethics and etiquette in the context of digitalization // Bulletin of Applied Ethics. – 2021. – No. 58. – P. 86-90.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
SALIMGAREEV Denis Igorevich
assistant of Philosophy and cultural studies sub-faculty of the Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ufa University of Science and Technology
“NICOMACHEAN ETHICS” AS A RATIO OF LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONTENT IN ESTABLISHING CONSENT (USING MEDIATION)
The choice of society at the present stage of cultural development towards the development of mediation is determined by the relevance of maintaining consent, compensation for damage, and achieving harmony. Mediation, as a social experience of resolving contradictions, is at the intersection of law and humanistic content. As a hypothesis of the article, it is assumed that the peacemaking process within the framework of mediation will allow achieving public consent, in view of the common good, an individual way to reach agreements, and the primacy of the actions taken. As a result of the study, a brief analysis of possible variables in the formula for achieving agreement is presented, based on Aristotle’s work “Nicomachean Ethics.”
Keywords: good, idea, mediation, peacemaking, law, consent, ethics.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics / Trans. E. L. Radlova – Moscow: Berlin: Direct-Media, 2020. – 222 p.
2. Kamneva L. S. The idea of good as a principle of state organization in Plato’s philosophy // Philosophy of Law. – 2011. – No. 6. – P. 122.
3. Lunkov A. S. Philosophical foundations of peacekeeping: Prolegomena to the problem // Logos et Praxis. – 2017. – No. 2. – P. 78.
4. Menyaeva M. P. Consent: philosophical and cultural aspect // Bulletin of ChGAKI. – 2011. – No. 3 (27). – P. 38.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
SALIKHOV Gafur Gubaevich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, professor of Philosophy and cultural studies sub-faculty of the Ufa University of Science and Technology, Ufa
GALIMOVA Lyudmila Rustamovna
employee of the Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa
GOAL SETTING AND GOAL REALIZATION AS OPERATIONAL SUBSYSTEMS OF THE SUBJECT’S ACTIVITY
The article deals with the problem of human`s activity within the framework of rational principles of his socialization. A person’s ability to rationally assess a situation is an important element of a person’s social behavior. The ability to assess situations is considered to be an element of the mechanism of human socialization, through which the interaction of external and internal forms of social determination is carried out. The philosophical approach allows us to analyze the structure of the value system depending on the ability to assess the situation – this is one of the important elements of a person’s social behavior. A rational assessment of the situation is considered to be an element of the mechanism of human socialization, through which the interaction of external and internal forms of determination is carried out. The internal heterogeneity, social dissatisfaction of the individual makes this mechanism more flexible, contributing to the performance of various functions.
Keywords: person, personality, subject, society, system, socialization, activity, process, goal, strategy, hell.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Garnovskaya A. A., Tsirkunova N. I. Value orientations as the basis for the socialization of the individual // Psychological Vademecum: socialization of the individual in conditions of uncertainty: regional aspect: collection of scientific articles. – Vitebsk, 2021. – pp. 117-120.
2. Drobysheva T. V. Psychology of economic socialization of the individual: basic forms and determinants. – M., 2023. – 426 p.
3. Ivanova N. G. The problem of studying personal and professional development in psychology // Living psychology. – 2022. – T. 9. No. 3 (35). – pp. 87-93.
4. Kovaleva A.I. Socialization of personality: norm and deviation. – M., 2022. – 444 p.
5. Lebedeva A. A., Leontiev D. A. Modern approaches to the study of quality of life: from objective to subjective contexts // Social psychology and society. – 2022. – T. 13. No. 4. – P. 142-162.
6. Salikhov G. G., Bondarenko A. V., Lukiyanov M. Yu: 2023 – Year of the teacher and mentor. Interview // Eurasian Legal Journal. – 2023. – No. 8 (183). – pp. 14-18.
7. Salikhov G. G. Man of the era of globalization. – M.: Nauka, 2008. – 560 p.
8. Salikhov G. G. Man in a globalizing world: socio-philosophical analysis: dis. … doc. Philosopher Sciences: 09.00.11. – Ufa, 2010. – 361 p.
9. Sergeev S. M. Personal autonomy and self-determination in the process of social self-determination: social and philosophical aspect // Bulletin of the Armavir State Pedagogical University. – 2021. – No. 2. – P. 96-103.
10. Charina E. V. Formation of a specialist as a process of personal development // Collections of conferences of the National Research Center Sociosphere. – 2013. – No. 56-2. – pp. 75-77.
11. Chirkova I. A. Features of the development of career orientations of student youth in the process of professional training // Problems of modern pedagogical education. – 2023. – No. 80-4. – pp. 337-340.
12. Yanicheva T. G. Socialization of personality // Social psychology. Tradition and modernity. – St. Petersburg, 2020. – pp. 47-63.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
TAGAEV Makar Alexandrovich
postgraduate student of Theoretical and social philosophy sub-faculty of the N. G. Chernyshevsky Saratov National Research State University
THE INFLUENCE OF THE NEW WESTERN THEOLOGY ON THE SOCIO-CULTURAL SPACE IN THE POST-SECULAR WORLD
The object of research in the article is a post-secular society, in the context of increasing the influence of religion on public opinion in the modern socio-cultural space. The subject of the research is a philosophical analysis of religiosity as an integral part of society. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the assessment of secular influence on modern society, the history of the scientific term post–secularism, its justification by modern researchers, as well as the analysis of modern examples of the influence of religion on social and political processes. Special attention is paid to the issue of changing Christian Western theology in line with the simplification of traditional forms of Christianity and religious pluralism. The resolutions of the Second Vatican Council are considered as a turning point that influenced the formation of the relationship between religion, society and the state in the West. The novelty of the research lies in the consideration of the influence of modern Western theology on society. As a result of this work, it was revealed that the path of religious pluralism and simplification of traditional forms of Christianity led to the subordination of religion in the West to the interests of power and moral relativism within Western Christianity itself.
Keywords: secularism, post-secularism, post-secular society, globalism, socio-cultural aspects, socio-cultural space, ecumenism, moral relativism, religiosity, religious pluralism.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Habermas J. The Divided West. – M.: Ves Mir Publishing House, 2008. – 192 p.
2. Garadzha V.I. Religious Studies: Textbook. manual for higher students textbook institutions and teachers Wed schools. – M.: Aspect Press, 1995. – P. 351.
3. Schmeman A. (protoprescent). Liturgy of death and modern culture. – M.: Granat, 2013. – 176 p.
4. Mozzhilin S.I. Theorem of St. John // News of Saratov University. New series: Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy. – 2021. – T. 21. No. 4. – P. 399-405.
5. Habermas Yu. Post-secular society – what is it? // Russian philosophical newspaper. – 2008. – No. 4 (18). – P. 1-5.
6. Ratzinger J. (Benedict XVI), Habermas J. Dialectics of secularization. About reason and religion. – M.: Biblical and Theological Institute of St. Apostle Andrew, 2006. – 112 pp.
7. Turner B. Religion in a post-secular society // State, religion, church in Russia and abroad. – 2012. – No. 2 (30). – P. 21-51.
8. Tsyplakov D. A. Russian postsecularity: specifics of study // Russian Humanitarian Journal. – 2017. – No. 3. – P. 242-252.
9. Borovik I. Private religion and public religion. Discussions around the concept of Jose Casanova // Bulletin of Leningrad State University. A. S. Pushkin. – 2020. – No. 3. – P. 167-184.
10. Berger P. Falsified secularization // State, religion, church in Russia and abroad. – 2012. – No. 2 (30). – P. 8-20.
11. Smirnov M. Yu. Permanent secularization or post-secular society? Modern transformations of religion from the perspective of research reflection // Bulletin of the Leningrad State University named after A. S. Pushkin. – 2023. – No. 3. – P. 134-152. https://doi.org/10.35231/18186653_2023_3_134.
12. Lepeshkin D. G. Ideas about secularism in modern confessional theology // Philosophical thought. – 2021. – No. 9. – P. 45-53.
13. Uzlaner D. Post-secular turn. How to think about religion in the 21st century. – M.: Gaidar Institute Publishing House, 2020. – 416 pp.
14. Bultmann R. Favorites: Faith and Understanding. Volume I—II / Trans. with him. – M.: “Russian Political Encyclopedia” (ROSSPEN), 2004. – 752 pp.
15. Shtonda Yu. A. The concept of “non-religious Christianity” by Dietrich Bonhoeffer as a response to the challenges of the time // Bulletin of the St. Philaret Institute. – 2020. – No. 35. – P. 206-225. https://doi.org/10.25803/SFI.2020.35.3.010.
16. Berger P. The Sacred Veil. Elements of the sociological theory of religion / Peter Berger; lane from English R. Safronova. – M.: New Literary Review, 2019. – 208 p.
17. Bulyko I.P. The phenomenon of “aggiornamento” and the Second Vatican Council // Bulletin of NArFU. – 2020. – No. 5. – P. 98-105.
18. Kozlov M., priest. Post Vaticanum II [After the Second Vatican Council] // Orthodox conversation. – 1997. – No. 2. – P. 15-17.
19. Documents of the Second Vatican Council. Translation: Andrey Koval. – M.: Paoline, 2004. – P. 710.
20. Andersen T. B., Jensen P. S. Preaching democracy: The second Vatican council and the third wave // Journal of Comparative Economics. – 2019. – Vol. 47. – P. 525-540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2019.03.005.
21. Das A. Secularism, family ties and loneliness: A multilevel longitudinal study of ten European societies // Social Science Research. – 2022. – Vol. 101. – P. 102619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2021.102619.
22. Shchipkov V. A. USA against Orthodoxy: systemic US pressure on the Russian Orthodox Church as a means of geopolitical struggle with Russia against the backdrop of the Ukrainian crisis. – M.: Russian Expert School, 2023. – 132 p.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
TUARMENSKIY Vladimir Viktorovich
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor of Philosophy and history sub-faculty of the Academy of Law and Management of the FPS of Russia, Ryazan
BURUKIN Vadim Valerjevich
Ph.D. in historical sciences, associate professor of Philosophy and history sub-faculty of the Academy of Law and Management of the FPS of Russia, Ryazan
PECHERSKIY Daniil Vadimovich
student of the Institute of Training of State and Municipal Employees of the Academy of Law and Management of the FPS of Russia, Ryazan
CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE PROBLEMS OF LEGAL TECHNIQUE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INTERPRETATION OF THE CRIMINAL LAW
In the context of the article, the consideration of dilemmas concerning the problems of legal technique when using the methodology of tolerance is presented. Thanks to the compilation of doctrinal research, the authors of the study identify several paralogies responsible for the incorrect structure of the normative legal act: 1) subjectivism and lack of professional experience of the lawmaker; 2) the presence of conflicts within the legal source; 3) inconsistent reconstruction of the conceptual apparatus, which is responsible for the context of legal or technical discourse. Thus, the relevance of this work arises, which consists in the transformation of specific norms of a criminal law nature, which contributes to the resolution of the existing contradictions between the structures of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The need to revise a special part of the criminal law, from the standpoint of legal technique, as well as interpretation, provides an opportunity for the correct regulation of public relations with respect to destructive behavior of an individual.
Keywords: legal technique, interpretation, conflicts, criminal law norms.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Alekseev S.S. Law: ABC – theory – philosophy. Experience of complex research. – M.: Statute, 1999. – 712 p.
2. Gorokhova S.S. Legal technology: textbook and workshop for universities. – M.: Yurayt, 2023. – 311 p.
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PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
KUPRIYANOVA Viktoriya Vasiljevna
postgraduate student of Philosophy, law and socio-humanitarian disciplines sub-faculty of the Armavir State Pedagogical University
COLLECTIVISM AS A TYPE OF SOCIALITY OF RUSSIAN SOCIETY
In the article, the author examines the sociality of Russian society through the prism of collectivism, which permeates the centuries-old historical development of Russia, from the formation of Russia to modern Russia and indicates the importance of preserving traditions for the harmonious development of society. Tradition is understood as a form of social reproduction aimed at preserving a social subject, and not at its development. Collectivist sociality is defined as an organized aggregate based on the unity of its members striving to achieve a common goal, the common good, while unconditionally obeying the rules of behavior established in society. Russian society is a vivid example of a collectivist system, since the principle of collectivism defines the Russian archetype. The author draws attention to the presence in Russian history of various personality types associated with the collective type of sociality. The necessity of searching for new strategies of social development in the context of social transformations is noted.
Keywords: society, sociality, collectivism, traditions, personality, Russian society, individualism.
Bibliographic list of articles
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5. Pokhilko A. D., Volter O. V., Nagapetova A. G. Autonomy and heteronomy in modern sociality // Humanitarian and social sciences. – 2021. – No. 3. – P. 24-33.
6. Telegin A. M. Historical experience of collectivism: social and philosophical aspect // Bulletin of the Armavir State Pedagogical University. – 2021. – No. 1. – P. 122-127. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/istoricheskiy-opyt-kollektivizma-sotsialno-filosofskiy-aspekt (Date of access: 02.12.2024).
7. Social: origins, structural profiles, modern challenges / Ed. ed. P.K. Grechko, E.M. Kurmeleva. – M.: ROSSPEN, 2009. – 435 p.
8. Ivin A. A. Social epistemology. Human cognition in the social dimension: monograph. – M.; Berlin: Direct-Media, 2017. – 570 p.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
FOMIN Andrey Alexandrovich
postgraduate student of Cultural studies and fine arts sub-faculty of the Ivanovo State University (Shuya Branch)
AN AXIOLOGICAL SURGE IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR AS AN OPPORTUNITY AND NECESSITY FOR THE AWAKENING OF THE CIVILIZATIONAL ETHOS OF RUSSIA
War either sharpens ethical imperatives to the utmost (those axiological foundations that can be called an ethos), or drowns them out. The most important factor in which direction the pendulum of civilizational choice will swing is the subject’s understanding of the “truth” of his ethos, which should be considered in relation to its truth. The truth is always the same, and it is immutable. Truth, as the embodiment of truth in action, can vary, which is perfectly reflected in Weber’s separation of the two ethics. In fact, the ethics of theocentrism and anthropocentrism. The latter becomes the basis of globalization processes, in which it is extremely difficult to preserve one’s own identity. The idea of axiological unification is the main civilizational challenge of our time. Historical memory is able to resist it, but it is sometimes very selective: it is either based on a traditional matrix, or assimilates this matrix from the outside. The event series of military history makes up a significant part of what is imprinted in the national historical memory. It cannot be said that the military ethos forms moral universals: a person, being in a situation bordering on death, actualizes the meanings of the civilizational ethos. The situation itself helps, at least intuitively, to discover the truth: there is an “axiological surge”, which is a serious challenge to the pseudomorphic influence of the collective West. The reaction to it is the information wars that have been waged against Russia since the XVI century almost permanently. It is possible to resist them not so much by means of state policy, as by means of spiritual mobilization. After all, in the end, it is the personal position of each member of society that forces either to actualize the axiological foundations of the civilizational ethos, or to put them into oblivion.
Keywords: the civilizational ethos of Russia, axiological surge, spiritual mobilization, M. Weber, theory of two ethics, moral values, spiritual mobilization, clash of civilizations.
Bibliographic list of articles
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4. Tomachinsky V. Is the truth true? // Pravoslavie.ru – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://pravoslavie.ru/737.html (date of access: 03/08/2024).
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8. Balagurov O. A. Russia and the West: a picture of the future in the context of overcoming the challenges of controlled pseudomorphosis // culture. Spirituality. Society. – 2013. – No. 3. – pp. 69-73.
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18. Kedmi Ya. I. War against Russia. The final solution to the “Russian question”. – M.: Yauza, 2023. – 224 p.
19. Lagutin M. S. Permanence of anti-Russian information wars. Reasons and methods (XVI-XIX centuries) // Modern problems of science and education. – 2014. – No. 6. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=16601&ysclid=ltzmnic7gi171942809 (date of access: 03.20.2024)
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23. Patriarchal sermon on the 35th Sunday after Pentecost after the Liturgy in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior // Russian Orthodox Church: website. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/6100609.html?ysclid=lsdjzk1qhs237839590 (date of access: 03.20.2024)

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
YAGUDIN Fanur Taipovich
postgraduate student of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
COGNITIVE DISTORTIONS AND THEIR ONTO-GNOSEOLOGICAL BASES
The present article is devoted to the ontological and epistemological analysis of the phenomenon of cognitive distortions, a diverse range of distorting cognitive process and behavioral scenarios. The materials are based on the analysis of the causes and bases of cognitive distortions, aimed at identifying ontological and epistemological prerequisites for their occurrence. The necessity of research of cognitive distortions contributing to a full, broad and extensive understanding of the nature of the human mind is shown.
Keywords: apperception, cognitive distortions, ontological and epistemological foundations, cognition, cognitive processes.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Kahneman D., Slovik P., Tversky A. Decision making under uncertainty: Rules and biases. – Kharkov: “Humanitarian Center”, 2005. – 632 p.
2. Kant I. Critique of Pure Reason. / Per. with him. N. O. Lossky with variants per. in Russian and European languages. – M.: “Nauka”, 1999. – 655 p. (Series “Monuments of Philosophical Thought”)
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4. ODI-1 // Organizational and activity games. – M.: “MMK Heritage”, 2006.
5. Popper K.R. Assumptions and refutations: The growth of scientific knowledge. – M.: “AST”, 2008.