PERSONA GRATA
O. Ananjeva:
Civil law regulation of issues of digitalization of society
Interview with Ekaterina Olegovna Ananjeva, Ph.D. in Law, Associate professor, associate professor of the Institute of Training of State and Municipal Employees of the Academy of the FPS of Russia

EURASIAN INTEGRATION
Pavlova M. P.
On the need to create a Eurasian Court of Human Rights

INTERNATIONAL LAW
Aliev S. I., Ibragimov M. T., Tailova A. G.
The role of WHO and international law during the pandemic
Norboeva T. V.
UNEP’s activity in advancing the concept of ecologically sound management of chemicals
Lavorenko S. Yu.
On the interpretation of the right to privacy in the practice of States in the light of international human rights law
Kazemi Shariat Panahi L.
Comparing the nuclear programs of Iran and Israel from the international law perspective
Panichkin I. V.
Prospects for cooperation between the Arctic states in matters of international legal regulation of oil and gas activities in the Arctic
Aslanbayli B. A.
Different aspects of interstate cooperation in the elimination of double taxation
Ayriyan E. V.
A choice between an Appellate mechanism and an international investment court: a key aspect of the reform of investment arbitration
Chen Yutong
Issues of interaction between the WTO and regional trade agreements

INTERNATIONAL Private LAW
Gorenitsa V. V.
Cross-border insolvency: recognition and enforcement of judgments under Russian and Chinese law
Luc Thi Ly
Reviews of penalty for breach of contract under commercial law provisions in Vietnam

EUROPEAN LAW
Semenova Ya. V.
Formation of legal regulation of the use of biometric data in the European Union

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW
Dolzhenkova E., Mokhorov D. A., Kosarev S. Yu., Shubnikov Yu. B.
Comparative legal analysis of the legal regulation of combating corruption
Baydarova M. A.
Exceptions in Federal Law № 3-FZ of 07.02.2011 «On the Police»: some theoretical aspects
Ivliev P. V., Frolovskaya Yu. I.
To the question of the relevance of radio and possible prospects for its development in the 21^st century
Gorbunov M. D.
To the question of the status of Anglo-American legal positivism
Korobova A. P., Kotlov S. V.
On the concept and functions of tax in the legal doctrine of Germany
Mokhorova A. Yu., Dolzhenkova E., Kliniskiy A. I., Danshina N. A.
Legal education as a way to counter political extremism among the youth
Novikova O. I., Rudman M. N.
The problem of universality of social rights and the crisis of the legal state (part 1)
Romanovskaya L. R., Kurzenin Е. В.
Evolution of the form of the Russian state in the context of constitutional reform 2020

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
Evseev I. V.
On the question of the appearance of the term “militia” in society, in the Urals, in the XVIII-early XX centuries
Gazizova L. M.
Soviet federalism and some aspects of the formation of the Republic of Bashkortostan as a subject of the Soviet federation
Perfiljeva I. A.
State power and management in the cities of Transbaikalia in the 1920s
Pronina E. N.
Features of anti-epidemic state-legal measures during the Nizhny Novgorod Fair in the second half of the 19^th century
Fedyushkina A. I.
Illuminated manuscripts of the Saxon Mirror as a source of medieval German law
Shapovalov A. V., Embulaeva N. Yu., Sluchevskiy S. G.
State construction and public service in the North-West Caucasus in the 60s of the 19^th century

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
Magomedkhanov R. G., Magomedkhanova K. F., Kurilkina O. A., Kozhenko Ya. V.
The essence of social support and protection against unemployment in modern conditions
Koltyrin V. I.
Realization of the right to the only dwelling suitable for living in cases of insolvency (bankruptcy) of citizens as a guarantee of the constitutional right to housing
Magomedkhanov R.G., Magomedkhanova K.F., Kurilkina O.A.
Historical aspects of the legal status of children
Kabulov S. L.
Modernization of relations between the President and Parliament in the context of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
Aleshin S. V.
Legality as a fundamental principle of the administrative activity of the police
Bagishev O. A.
Changes in the Administrative Code in 2022
Belyaev V. A.
Some aspects of legal regulation of guarantees of social protection of citizens participating in the protection of public order: on the materials of the Republic of Crimea
Ignatjeva I. V., Vlasova E. L., Kirilchik E. V.
Digital technologies used to improve the interaction between the state and business and their impact on legal awareness and traditional methods of regulation
Karimova G. Yu.
The importance of the institution of administrative supervision of persons released from places of deprivation of liberty
Kulakov N. A., Gripp E. Kh., Yakhina Yu. Kh.
Legal status of state and municipal institutions in the Russian Federation: public legal aspect
Peganova Yu. A.
Comparative analysis of the public administration system in the field of forest relations in Russia and foreign countries

AGRARIAN LAW
Saitbatalova V. T., Rakhmatullin I. M.
The main directions of improving legislation on the legal regulation of the production and sale of organic products

CIVIL LAW
Rakhimzoda M. Z., Abdujalilov A.
On the issue of choosing the optimal approaches to studying contractual relations on the internet
Ananjev O. G., Koshelyuk B. E.
Grounds for termination of facultative obligations
Ananjeva E. O., Ivliev P. V.
Implementation and problems of digitalization in certain regions of Russia
Grishin S. M., Odintsov S. V.
Digital infrastructure in global healthcare: regulation, implementation problems and development trends
Demeshko E. D., Firsova A. A., Yatsenko A. O.
Implementation of conciliation procedures in civil proceedings
Kurmanbayev M. M.On the issue of civil law regulation of housing and communal services
Litvinova D. V., Tsaregradskaya Yu. K.
Legal regulation of media industry in South Korea
Marks Yu. A.
Honor, dignity and business reputation and the mechanism of their legal protection
Mazanaev M. S., Khanarslanova Z. D.
The practice of applying a penalty as a way to ensure the fulfillment of obligations under a contract
Masalimova A. A.
The problems with the execution of the testamenatary refusal for residential premises in the Russian Federation
Ananjeva E. O., Ivliev P. V.
Issues of acquiring full legal capacity under the legislation of Russia
Petrov N. V.
Civil legal aspect of state participation in agricultural insurance
Ulaeva N. L.
Features of the powers of local self-government bodies in the implementation of reconstruction, repair and construction of roads of local significance
Tumanov E. V.
Problems of pre-contractual liability in the civil law of the Russian Federation
Frolovskaya Yu. I., Bondarenko I. V.
Legal regulation of service pensions for employees of the criminal executive system
Tsibulskaya G. Z., Kurbatova G. V.
Legal nature of modern credit relations and bank lending
Shakerov R. R.
Problems of distinguishing the principle of good faith from related categories of civil law
Shevchuk E. P., Stepanenko Yu. S.
The legal nature of the patient’s informed voluntary consent to the provision of medical care
Shergunova E. A.
The estoppel in Russian and international practice: private law aspects
Pugacheva A. S.
Freedom of contract as a basis for minimizing private law risk
Yakubov M. L.
Smart contracts as the beginning of the end of classic contracts. Double integration

ENTREPRENEURIAL LAW
Samokhina A. N.
Trends and prospects for improving corporate governance in credit organizations
Spector A. A.
Problems of differentiation of the status of an individual entrepreneur and a self-employed person
Sukiasyan N. G.
Features and effectiveness of public legal regulation of business activity in the Republic of Armenia

FINANCIAL LAW
Moskalev V. G.
World experience in introducing special legal regimes during the COVID 19 pandemic

BUDGET LAW
Zemskova S. V., Gasanaliev A. S.
Budget law and budget process in the Russian Federation

CRIMINAL LAW
Abovyan E. P., Ananjev O. G.
The weakening of moral norms as a factor contributing to juvenile delinquency
Batyrkhanova I. B., Askerov R. M., Taiova A. G.
Features of criminal liability in the presence of offenses committed using artificial intelligence
Bakhmudova T. R.
Crimes committed against foreign citizens
Belyakov A. V., Bondarenko S. V.
Criminal-legal methods of countering embezzlement of budget funds: is there a problem?
Denisovich V. V., Koval K. M., Cherepashkin A. S.
Actual problems of qualification of involvement of a minor in criminal and other antisocial activities and ways to solve them
Karchevskiy K. A.
Peculiarities of the subject illegal business
Magomedova A. I., Magomedov M. G.
Some problems of property confiscation application
Kurbatova G. V., Tsibulskaya G. Z.
Criminal legal concept of weapons and arms
Pashkovskiy P. V.
The main problems in the field of counteracting organized crime in Russia
Peyzak R. I.
Criminal analysis of computer fraud under article 640-ter of the Italian Penal Code
Bakhmudova T. R.
Modern problems of execution of criminal punishment in the form of life imprisonment and prospects for the development of this institution
Denisovich V. V.
Features of law enforcement practice of crimes related to abuse of official authority and abuse of official authority
Poezzhalov O. A., Filippov O. A.
Changes in the criminal law and the security of the state
Tambiev S. A., Urumov A. V.
Actual issues of prevention of juvenile crimes related to illicit trafficking in narcotic and psychoactive substances
Magomedova A. I.,Ubaidulaev R. K.
The concept, signs of recidivism of crimes
Pashkovskiy P. V., Svetlichnaya L. A.
International cooperation in the counteraction against organized crime
Tarchokov B. A.
The main types of criminal encroachments in the field of bank lending
StupinaS. A.
On the validity of the liberalization of criminal liability for inciting hatred or enmity, as well as the humiliation of human dignity in modern conditions
Taova L. Yu., Malakhov A. S.
Certain features of countering illicit drug trafficking committed in a contactless way
Tereshchenko V. S.
Some features of determining the signs of crimes committed in the field of professional sports and associated with causing harm to the life and health of athletes
Kholamkhanova Z. R.
Criminalization and legislative regulation in matters of “digital” property

CRIMINAL PROCESS
Aliev Kh. K., Marianov A. A.
Problematic issues of detention of minors in criminal proceedings
Arsenova N. V., Topchieva T. V.
The use of video conferencing in pre-trial proceedings: problems and prospects of development
Borzunova N. Yu., Uzun O. L.
Juvenile justice in Russia, problems and prospects of development
Bilyaev V. A., Klimovskiy A. S., Yuzvak S. A.
About the necessity of the legislative consolidation of the provisions on the results of the operational investigative activities as the procedural evidence in the criminal cases
Dneprovskaya M. A., Abramitov S. A., Vorozhnin A. G.
Application of the prohibition of certain actions as a preventive measure: some theoretical and practical aspects
Zorina N. S.
Features of the use and development of unmanned aerial vehicles
Lifanova L. G., Gauzhaeva V. A.
Individual issues of the organization of the verification of a crime report
Logachev K. K.
Comparative legal analysis of the norms governing presentation for identification using video materials
Mustafina G. M.
On the contradiction of criminal procedure and operational-investigative legislation
Nuzhdin A. A.
Some issues of investigative actions in the identification of circumstances that contributed to the commission of penitentiary crimes
Popova О. А.
Termination of criminal cases initiated on the facts of deliberate violation of sanitary and epidemiological rules resulting in mass infection with a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 or threat thereof
Serdyukova E. V., Chunikha A. A., Zinovjeva E. O.
Analysis of law enforcement practice on the disclosure of testimony of witnesses and victims in court
Suleymanov T. A., Nazarkin E. V., Novikova L. V., Danilova I. Yu.
Experience in the formation of evidence base in cases of crimes related to illicit drug trafficking
Topchieva T. V.
Actual problems of interrogation using video conferencing at the stage of preliminary investigation
Taova L. Yu., Ardavov M. M.
Evidence in criminal proceedings
Aliev Kh. K., Marianov A. A.
Features of testimony of victims, witnesses of minors in criminal proceedings
Balovina I. V.
Improving the criminal procedural activity of the investigator in order to increase the effectiveness of the evidence base in a criminal case
Senchenko S. K.
The objection to the actions of the presiding officer as a method of defense: problems of regulation and law enforcement
Tanechnik Yu. S.
Some problems of searching the suspect, in the activity of the investigator
Sardarov D. R.
Electronic justice in criminal and administrative proceedings

CRIMINAL-EXECUTIVE LAW
Ananjev O. G., Ananjeva Z. N., Ananjeva E. O.
Problems of re-socialization of minors in correctional institutions
Belova E. Yu., Belov V. I.
The functions of international standards in the formation of the penal policy of Russia
Lelik N. B.
Integrated security systems used in the penal enforcement system of the Russian Federation
Lyadov E. V.
Replacement of criminal punishment in the form of disclaimer by forced labor as a more less punishment
Peyzak A. V.
Education as an element of the social adaptation of convicts in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States
Kutuzova E. R.
The activities of public monitoring commissions to ensure human rights in places of detention in foreign countries and the Russian Federation
Mikhaylov V. S., Eremeeva E. Yu.
Provision of telephone conversations to convicts, their accounting and control in IU UIS RF
Ovinova Yu. A., Zabrodin A. V.
On some circumstances of the commission and investigation of mass riots in places of deprivation of liberty by persons convicted of terrorist crimes (based on the analysis of the practice of correctional institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Republic of Khakassia)

CRIMINALISTICS
Gauzhaeva V. A., Urumov A. V.
Certain issues of classification, appointment and production of forensic examinations
Zavyalov V. V., Zavyalova A. A., Safonov A. A., Bondareva I. O.
Organizational and methodological foundations of forensic support of disclosure and investigations of radiological crimes
Nazarkin E. V., Suleymanov T. A., Novikova L. V., Zharko N. V.
Features of the preparation and conduct of a confrontation during the investigation of the disorganization of the activities of institutions providing isolation from society
Sevostyanova S. O.
About planning in the investigation of crimes committed by experts
Khakimova E. R., Zarina A. M.
Conducting an inspection of the scene of the incident and a search during the investigation of crimes committed using information and telecommunication technologies
Solyankina L. E., Kiktev A. V., Pshenichkin A. A.
Youth extremism as an acute problem of our time

CRIMINOLOGY
Abdulmanapova A. S., Tailova A. G.
Criminological characteristics of mercenary crime
Alieva U. T., Gabitova E. G., Tailova A. G.
The right of crime victims to privacy in sexual crimes a comparative analysis between Europe and the USA
Romanovskaya I. V.
Criminological features of drug addicts
StupinaS. A., SherstyanykhA. S.
Cryptocurrency fraud
Abdusalamov R. P., Tailova A. G.
The use of artificial intelligence and mirror statistics in the system of fraud detection at customs in foreign countries
Sherstyanykh A. S.
Targeted phishing is a modern threat to cyber security

LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
Akhtyamova K. M.
Improving the legal foundations of social guarantees for employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation
Babin A. V., Ivanchenko E. S., Ovechkin D. G.
Physical activity as a quantitative indicator of the general physical fitness of police officers and cadets
Zhukov A. Z., Makhov I. A., Shkakhova F. A.
Actual problems of ensuring information security in the internal affairs bodies in modern conditions
Magomedaliev M. M., Harutyunyan V. N., Khabarov D. V.
Problems of educating employees of the internal affairs bodies of strong-willed qualities necessary when performing tasks in extreme situations
Misrokov T. Z.
On the issue of legal regulation of the ethical aspects of service in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation
Legostaev S. V.
Warning about the inadmissibility of violating the law in the system of acts of prosecutorial response
Tingaeva I. V.
Interaction of services in solving and investigating crimes and the main disadvantages of collecting initial materials of preliminary inspection
Urusov Z. K., Teppeev A. A.
The role of the internal affairs bodies in the study of the criminal’s identity
Yaroslavsky M. A., Gubzhokov A. K.
On the question of expediency and increasing the effectiveness of the use of physical force by police officers
Shondirov R. Kh.
Formation of readiness for the lawful use of firearms in the process of fire training of police officers

SECURITY AND LAW
Abazov I. S., Magomedov M. N.
The role of international institutions in countering modern terrorism
Belonogov G. E.
The problem of the correlation of the content of the concept of «terrorism» in formal legal and concrete historical aspects
Gutieva I. G.
Some aspects of the formation of radical views in Russia
Daurov A. I.
Legal basis for the use of a mobile means of remote forced transport stop based on microwave radiation
Zhukov A. Z., Makhov I. A., Shkakhova F. A.
Features of the development of the information security system in the Russian Federation: the problem of the relationship between legal and technological aspects
Zaydieva P. A., Aubova Sh. I., Lavarslanova M. G.
Innovative teachers: new approaches to personality education
Kodzokova L. A., Karchaeva K. A.
Phenomena of extremism and terrorism as topical problems of our time
Manukyan A. R.
Causes and forms of manifestation of the ideology of terrorism and extremism in adolescents and youth
Trofimtseva S. Yu.
On the possibility of using the norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in order to counteract attacks on the security of the functioning of cyber-physical systems
Urusov Z. Kh.
About some problems of telephone terrorism
Fedosov A. V., Tazhetdinova A. A., Tazhetdinova A. A., Yakhina E. N., Fedosova E. A.
Analysis of the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation to ensure biological safety
Tokbaev A. A., Voskoboev A. I.
Trends in the development of extremism and terrorism in the North Caucasus region
Kashirgov A. Kh., Tsyretorov A. I.
Issues of countering terrorism and extremism in the modern world
Magomedov M. N., Abazov I. S.
Digitalization as a factor in the development of extremism-terrorism ideology
Manukyan A. R.
Some aspects of preventing the spread of the ideology of terrorism and extremism in educational institutions
Tokbaev A. A., Khrykov I. S.
Topical issues of ensuring anti-terrorist security at transport facilities
Tarchokov B. A.
About some causes of terrorism among adolescents
Shogenov Z. A., Phitikov R. B.
Problems of detecting extremist communities in social networks and ways of countering them
Shulgin A. A., Makarenko A. I.
The concept of the origins of terrorism as a prerequisite to a successful fight against terrorism

STATE AND LAW
Abukarova M. U.
Russia in the process of global economic integration: behavioral approach, legal aspects
Andryukhina I. Yu., Karama L. L.
Improving approaches to the organization of staffing of public authorities and local self-government
Kashirgov A. H.
Organizational and legal bases of the executive power system of the Russian Federation
Ignatjeva O. N., Sizonenko Z. L., Kraynova E. N.
Local initiatives as a resource for the development of civil society

PEDAGOGY AND LAW
Nigmatullina I. V., RassolovaI. Yu., MudarisovR. Z., BurganovaA. A.
The main trends in the field of education in modern Russia
Panova O. S., Zinnatov R. R.
Sports law in the Russian Federation: actual problems of legal development and improvement
Smirnova M. I.
The negative impact of information overload on the information culture of students of higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia

PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW
Kogan O. S., Lifanova M. V., Chekryzhov A. V.
Psychological features of personality and problems of conflict for legal professionals

SOCIOLOGY AND LAW
Rakhmatullina Z. B., Kovrov V. F.
The problem of loneliness of elderly people and approaches to its solution

LANGUAGE AND LAW
Makayev Kh. F., Makayeva G. Z.
Studying the terms of the legal sphere in the cognitive aspect as a guarantee of the development of the student’s critical thinking

ECONOMY. LAW. SOCIETY
Bikmetov E. Yu., Kuznetsova E. V., Lartseva S. A., Ruvenny I. Ya.
Key strategic decisions in marketing management
Zaytsev A. G., Golikov I. O., Poltorykhina S. V., Khapilina S. I.
Application of tools to improve economic security based on an institutional approach to the analysis of innovative transformations in the agro-industrial complex
Kaisarova V. P., Ermolina M. A.
Economic and legal aspects of the implementation of the goals in the field of sustainable development in the Russian regions
Naminova K. V.
Recommendations for scaling a startup
Nizamova G. Z., Gareeva Z. A., Khalitov R. I.
Analysis of the liquefied gas market in the Russian Federation
Novikova E. V.
Prospects for the development of the region in the context of import substitution (on the example of the Orel region)
Ignatjeva O. N., Sizonenko Z. L., Kovshechnikova V. A.
The current state of the organization of the activities of public authorities in the development of the digital economy in the Republic of Bashkortostan
Khalikova E. A., Kantor O. G., Ergasheva Sh. T., Huseynova N. Z.
Monitoring of key indicators as a tool for effective management of financial flows in the company
Saitbatalova V. T.
Characteristics of legal problems of regulation of production and sale of organic products
Dobryakhina O. P.
Implementation of cities digital transformation megaprojects: features and problems (the case of Moscow)

PHILOSOPHY. LAW. SOCIETY
Borovoy E. M.
Post-truth phenomenon as a tool for forming ordinary consciousness
Butenko A. K.
Problematic issues of the origin and genesis of historical consciousness
Vinogradova N. V., Tukaeva R. A.
Space ethics K. E. Tsiolkovsky: rationalism and humanism
Galiakhmetov R. N., Pagulych V. A.
Philosophical understanding of the conflict nature of interpersonal communication
Gorbachev S. B.
To the question of the need for autarky of the state in modern conditions
Elizarov M. V.
Cultural and historical origins of the idea of human rights in Russia and in Europe: a comparative analysis
Elkhova O. I., Kudryashev A. F.
Possibilities of using emotion artificial intelligence in the process of learning
Zubkov S. A.
Ecophilic Images of Vedic Philosophy
Izmailova D. I.
Issues of gender self-determination in the problem field of bioethics: social and philosophical aspect
Kabakhidze E. L.
Medieval dispute on universals: ancient past, phenomenological present and cognitive future
Muslimova L. F.
The absolute beginning of human as a subject of research of philosophy
Lobankova I. P.
Proto-town culture of Eurasia: socio-philosophical aspect
Maryushko A. V.
Synergetic and virtual aspects of public legal order and legal consciousness: a social and philosophical analysis
Pisareva A. V.
Sociocultural aspects in the synergistic nature of self-government
Oleshkova A. M.
Group identity as a construct and prototype (based on Internet communication materials)
Ravochkin N. N.
Modern world multitemporality: philosophical analysis
Timofeenko V. A., Serdyukova Yu. A., Samoylova I. N.
Philosophical and social analysis of the improvement of the institution of criminal liability of minors
Frolova I. V., Frolov K. A.
Emotional turn in modern linguistics: philosophical reflection
Diarov V. O.
Ontology of evolutionary epistemology
Seregin A. A.
The existential philosophy of solidarity and conflict
Abrarova Z. F., Lukmanova Yu. Sh.
Philosophical understanding of the state family policy in the relationship between the family and the state
Sabekiya R. B., Askarova G. B.
Sexual differentiation of being and gender scenarios in a globalized world

EURASIAN INTEGRATION
PAVLOVA Maria Aleksandrovna
Deputy Head of the Department of legal expertise of decisions of the Commission of the Legal Department of the Eurasian Economic Commission
ON THE NEED TO CREATE A EURASIAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
The present study is aimed at considering topical issues of the withdrawal of the Russian Federation from the Council of Europe, and, consequently, from the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, and as a consequence, the need to create a Eurasian Court of Human Rights in order to implement the Eurasian Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
Aim. To determine possible ways to implement the right of citizens of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union to protect their rights and fundamental freedoms within the framework of the functioning of the Eurasian Economic Union.
Tasks. To identify the limits and scope of the competence of the Eurasian Economic Union, established by the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union of May 29, 2014, in the field of the possibility of protecting the rights of citizens of the member States of the Eurasian Economic Union, to determine the legal grounds for the establishment of a judicial body for the designated purposes and to develop a Eurasian convention to ensure the protection of human and civil rights and fundamental freedoms within the framework of the functioning of the Eurasian Economic Union.
Methods. In this paper, using the methods of logical, comparative and prognostic analysis, factors have been identified in order to implement an effective mechanism for protecting human and civil rights and fundamental freedoms within the framework of the functioning of the Eurasian Economic Union.
Results. The study showed that the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union of May 29, 2014 does not provide for the creation of a judicial body whose purpose would be to protect the rights and fundamental freedoms of man and citizen of the member States of the Eurasian Economic Union . At the same time, the Eurasian Economic Union has powerful legal and organizational tools that allow us to develop a concept of the Eurasian system for the protection of human and civil rights and fundamental freedoms. The concept proposed for analysis will allow protecting the national rights and freedoms of citizens of Eurasian countries.
Conclusion. It is advisable to consider the development and adoption of amendments to the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union of May 29, 2014 regarding the creation of a judicial body – the Eurasian Court for the Protection of Rights (ECHR) and the further construction of the Eurasian legal system in this area.
Keywords: The Eurasian Economic Union, the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union of May 29, 2014, the Council of Europe, the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, the European Court of Human Rights, the Eurasian Court of Human Rights , the Eurasian Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
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INTERNATIONAL LAW
ALIEV Shapi Izievich
Ph.D. in Law, Ph.D. in sociological sciences, associate professor, Director of the Dagestan Humanitarian Institute (branch) of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations, associate professor of Economics and the legal and educational disciplines sub-faculty of the Dagestan State University, branch in the city Izberbash
IBRAGIMOV Murad Tatamovich
senior lecturer of the Dagestan Humanitarian Institute (branch) of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations
TAILOVA Aisha Gabibovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Economics and the legal and educational disciplines sub-faculty of the Dagestan State University, branch in the city Izberbash
THE ROLE OF WHO AND INTERNATIONAL LAW DURING THE PANDEMIC
The article examines the role of WHO during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main attention is paid to the regulatory framework available to the World Health Organization (WHO). Based on the study of the position of some states during the pandemic and the actions of WHO, evidence is provided that the current geopolitical situation still considers national sovereignty a maxim. The article emphasizes the relevance of adopting a systemic perspective in the practice of modern International law, which, despite its shortcomings, should still be used as a tool for peace and international cooperation.
Keywords: pandemic, international law, WHO, international cooperation.
Work bibliographic list
1. Charter of the United Nations / signed on June 26, 1945 in San Francisco at the final meeting of the United Nations Conference on the Creation of the International Organization and entered into force on October 24, 1945 [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_121087/
2. The constitution of the World Health Organization (WHO) was adopted in 1946 and entered into force in April 1948. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_121087/
3. International health regulations. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.un.org/en/documents/decl_conv/conventions/pdf/health_regulations.pdf
4. Klimenko V. P. International Bureau of Public Hygiene — the predecessor of the World Health Organization // Problems and achievements of modern science. 2015. No. 1 (2). pp. 123-125.
5. Primary health care. Today more relevant than ever. 2008. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.who.int/whr/2008/summary/ru (date of access: 08/06/2022).

INTERNATIONAL LAW
NORBOEVA Tuyana Vladimirovna
postgraduate student of International law sub-faculty of the O. E. Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)
UNEP’S ACTIVITY IN ADVANCING THE CONCEPT OF ECOLOGICALLY SOUND MANAGEMENT OF CHEMICALS
The United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) is the only and the main body within the UN system today that is exclusively responsible for the protection of the environment. One of the areas of UNEP competence is the environmentally sound management of chemicals. The article indicates the main activities of UNEP, focused on the concept of environmentally sound management of chemicals. The author analyzes the main results and outcomes of UNEP activities in the area under study. She attempts to examine the role of UNEP in the system of international legal governance in the field of chemicals management and also provides an analysis outlining the new opportunities for UNEP in the context of the formation of a global framework for sound management of chemicals.
Keywords: UN, UNEP, chemicals, environmentally sound management of chemicals, Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management, protection of the environment, international governance.
Work bibliographic list
1. Global Chemicals Outlook – II. From heritage to innovative solutions. Synthesis report // United Nations Environment Program 2019. – 102 p.
2. Kopylov M.N. UNEP – 35 years. How much more? // Moscow Journal of International Law, 2007. – No. 2. – P. 153-170.
3. Kolbasov, O. S. Favorites: a collection of scientific papers / Ed. ed. I. O. Krasnova. – M.: RGUP, 2017. – 620 p.
4. Kucherenko A. Huismans J. The International register of potentially t oxic chemicals (IRPTC) of UNEP // Environmental Conservation. – 1982. – Vol. 9. No. 1. – Pp. 59-63.
5. Manulak M.W., Ivanova M. The untold story of the world’s leading environmental
institution: UNEP at fifty. – Cambridge: MIT Press, 2021. – 361 p.
6. Najam A. Why we DON’T need a new International Environmental Organization
// Working Paper Series. – 2001. – No. 64. – 19 p.
7. Sandbrook R. The UK’s Overseas Environmental Policy. – London: Kogan Page, 1983. – Pp. 315-405.

INTERNATIONAL LAW
LAVORENKO Sabrina Yurjevna
postgraduate student of International law sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
ON THE INTERPRETATION OF THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY IN THE PRACTICE OF STATES IN THE LIGHT OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
The article is devoted to the problem of securing and interpreting the right to privacy in the legislation of the United States and Great Britain. The article examines the evolution of the content of the right to privacy based on the analysis of the judicial practice of the United States and Great Britain, as well as the European Court of Human Rights. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that despite all the differences in approaches to the interpretation of the content of the right to privacy, the legislation and judicial practice of the countries under consideration of Anglo-Saxon law provide a high degree of legal protection against interference with privacy, but the right to privacy is developing so rapidly that it requires new approaches and mechanisms for his protection.
Keywords: human rights, privacy, European Court of Human Rights, international law.
Work bibliographic list:
1. Nersesyants V.S. History of political and legal doctrines. M.: Norma, 1997. S. 85.
2. Golovistikova A.N. Constitutional law of Russia. M.: Eksmo, 2006. S. 187.
3. Khuzhokova I.M. The right to privacy in the Anglo-Saxon legal system (on the example of the USA and Great Britain). Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law. 2009. No. 4. S. 37.
4. Portillo Caceres and Others v. Paraguay. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.escr-net.org/caselaw/2020/portillo-caceres-and-others-v-paraguay-ccprc126d27512016-communication-27512016 (date of application – 06/19/2022).
5. National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21 of August 13, 2020 – United States of America. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G20/204/18/PDF/G2020418.pdf?OpenElement (date of application – 08/18/2022).
6. National report submitted in accordance with paragraph 5 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 16/21 of February 13, 2015 – United States of America. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G15/024/68/PDF/G1502468.pdf?OpenElement (date of application – 08/18/2022).
7. Report of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights “Information Kit on the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”, 18 February 2017. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/G17/039/93/PDF/G1703993.pdf?OpenElement (date of application – 06/18/2022).
8. Warren, S.D., Brandies, L.D. The Right to Privacy. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https: // www. ss. Cornell. edu /~shmat/courses/cs5436/warren-brandeis.pdf (date of application- 06/19/2022).
9. Kaye v Robertson & another [1991] FSR 62. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https: // is.muni.cz /el/1422/podzim2010/MVV60K/um/8804326/Kaye_v_Robertson__1991__FSR_62.pdf (date of application – 06/19/2022).
10. Human Rights Act 1998. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://goo.su/oI3aNQS (date of application – 08/21/2022).
11. Guidance on the application of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Guide_Art_8_RUS.pdf (date of application – 06/18/2022).

INTERNATIONAL LAW
KAZEMI Shariat Panahi L.
postgraduate student of International law sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
COMPARING THE NUCLEAR PROGRAMS OF IRAN AND ISRAEL FROM THE INTERNATIONAL LAW PERSPECTIVE
The concern surrounding nuclear arsenals in the Middle East region is still one of the crucial issues of international law, it drew so much attention of the world community in the nuclear sphere. Especially, mounting tensions between Iran and Israel to reach a general, permanent nuclear safety and security lead the current research to have an overview of their nuclear activities and analyze their respective legal obligations and circumstances they are under and to discover the origin of problematic situations they have in the sphere of international law. To this end, the current comparative study genuinely strives to throw light on the legal problem of Iran’s nuclear program by doing comparison with the Israel’s one through three tasks, they are being to elaborate the issue of sovereign equality in the sphere of nuclear safety and security, to analyze the correlation between two main variables of rights and obligations, while discussing ambiguity in the fulfillment of obligations as well as to consider the possibility in the implementation of a free zone for nuclear armament. This study concludes a state undertaking obligations and fully collaborating in the well-established legal framework may encounter no appreciative outcome compared to a state burdening no commitments under the internationally agreed schemes. The pressure derived from a proper balance between obligations and rights shall be more for the state leaving peace rather vulnerable and put non-proliferation regime in jeopardy. Lack of such pressure devastates the implementation of nuclear-weapon-free zone.
Keywords: International Law, Sovereignty, Sovereign States, Sovereign Rights, Legal Obligations, Nuclear Arsenals, Nuclear Weapon Free Zone, Iran, Israel, Nuclear Program.
Reference bibliographic list
1. Atomic Heritage Foundation // Israeli Nuclear Program [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: https://www.atomicheritage.org/history/israeli-nuclear-program (15/08/2018)
2. Burr W., and Cohen A., The Israel-Argentina Yellowcake Connection, the National Security Archive, 2013, the Goerge Twon University.
3. Center for Arms Control and Non-Proliferation//, Fact Sheet: Israel’s Nuclear Inventory [Electronic resource]. – Access mode:
https://armscontrolcenter.org/fact-sheet-israels-nuclear-arsenal/ (03/31/2020).
4. Draft Final Document of The NPT, 2015 Review Conference of the Parties to the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, NPT/CONFZO LS/R, 2015. – Art. 11-160. 2-21 p.
5. Global Fissile Material Report, Eighth Annual Report of the International Panel on Fissile Materials, 2015. – 8-10 p.
6. Israel // International Panel on Fissile Materials, [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: https://fissilematerials.org/countries/israel.html (02/04/2022).
7. IAEA, Statute. (1957). AMENDED 1989. – 28 p.
8. IAEA, Annual Report, GC (64)/3, 2019. – 123 p
9. IAEA, General Conference, 53rd regular session GC(53)/OR.10, 2009.
10. The IAEA, The Structure and Content of Agreement Between The Agency And States Required In Connection With The Treaty On the Non-Proliferation Of Nuclear Weapons, INFCIRC/153, 1972. – Art. 2.
11. IAEA, Board of Governors, NPT safeguards agreement with the Islamic Republic of Iran Resolution adopted by the Board of Governors (19/07/2020), GOV/2020/34.
12. Kaye D. D., Nader A., and Roshan P., Israel and Iran: A Dangerous Rivalry, RAND Corporation, 2011, 14-15 p.
13. Joyner D. H., Iran’s Nuclear Program and International Law from Confrontation to Accord, Oxford, 2016. – 75 p.
14. SIPRI, Armaments, Disarmament and International Security, Yearbook 2020
15. SIPRI, Armaments, Disarmament and International Security, Yearbook 2021, 8 p.
16. United Nations, Security Council Resolution 687 (8/3/1991) S/RES/687, Art. fourteen.
17. United Nations, General Assembly, Nuclear-weapon-free zone in the Middle East – First Cttee debate – Verbatim records (excerpts), Fifty-first session First Committee 25th meeting, 18/11/1996.
18. United Nations, Security Council, Resolution 487, 1981.
19. United Nations, General Assembly, 71st session, 51st plenary meeting, 2016, A/71/PV.51.
20. United Nations, General Assembly, 75th session, 1st Committee, General and complete disarmament: Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, A/C.1/75/L.6, 2020.
21. The U.S. Discovery of Israel’s Secret Nuclear Project // The National Security Archive, the George Washington University [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb510/ (15/03/2015).
22. Walrond C., Timeline 1967-1993: Argentine Low-enriched Uranium at Tehran Research Reactor 1, October 7, 2009.

INTERNATIONAL LAW
PANICHKIN Ivan Vitaljevich
competitor of the Department of International Law of the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation
PROSPECTS FOR COOPERATION BETWEEN THE ARCTIC STATES IN MATTERS OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGULATION OF OIL AND GAS ACTIVITIES IN THE ARCTIC
The Arctic has long been a region isolated from the influence of geopolitical tensions, which allowed the Arctic countries to plan and implement major infrastructure projects in the oil and gas sector and form a regional international legal framework for further cooperation. However, in 2022, the Western countries decided to suspend cooperation with Russia in the Arctic, which may lead to a reconfiguration of the architecture of international cooperation in the Arctic, in which the balance of power between Russia and other Arctic states will change significantly.
Keywords: Arctic, oil, gas, USA, Arctic council.
Work bibliographic list
1. Preliminary Geospatial Analysis of Arctic Ocean Hydrocarbon Resources Publication of P acific: under Contract DE-AC05-76RL01830 [Electronic resource] / Northwest National Laboratory for United States Department Of Energy; P. E. Long, S. K. Wurstner, E. C. Sullivan, H. T. Schaef, D. J. Bradley.
2. Regional Convention for the Conservation of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden (1982).
3. Convention for the Protection and Development of the Marine Environment of the Wider Caribbean Region (1983).
4. Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment and the Coastal Region of the Mediterranean (1976).
5. The Arctic Council: A Quick Guide, 3rd edition. Secretariat of the Arctic Council, 2022. – P. 13.
6. Arctic statements. – P. 7.
7. Molenaar E.J. Current and Prospective Roles of the Arctic Council System within the Context of the Law of the Sea // The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law. 2012. – No. 27. – P. 571.
8. Cela M. Arctic Security. Policy Analysis of the Circumpolar States. – Reykjavík: Félagsvísindastofnun Háskóla Íslands.
9. Timo Koivurova & Leena Heinamaki, “The participation of indigenous peoples in international norm-making in the Arctic” // Polar Record. – 2006. – No. 42 (221). – P. 101-09.
10. Timo Koivurova & David VanderZwaag, “The Arctic Council at 10 years: retrospective and prospects” // University of British Columbia Law Review. – Vol. 40. – No. 1. – 2007. – R. 159.
11. Panichkin I. V., Davydova V. S. Development of offshore oil and gas resources of the Arctic. – 2019.

INTERNATIONAL LAW
ASLANBAYLI Bakhtiyar Ali
the researcher of the Institute of Law and Human Rights of the National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan
DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF INTERSTATE COOPERATION IN THE ELIMINATION OF DOUBLE TAXATION
The expansion of relations between states and the convergence of the basic principles of taxation and the methods of developing tax policies have been underway since the 19th century. Double taxation agreements are bilateral arrangements that serve to harmonize the tax systems of the two countries involved and apply not only to organizations, but also to individuals engaged in cross-border trade and investment. In the absence of a tax agreement, income from cross-border transactions or investments may be subject to double taxation: first, in the country where the income is generated and, second, in the country where the recipient of the income is a resident. Tax agreements eliminate double taxation between the two countries by putting tax jurisdiction over income.
States are deploying and should continue to develop their experience in conducting simultaneous audits, joint audits, tax audits and dealing with cross-border issues in the field of taxation, especially double taxation and tax evasion, because all existing problems may be resolved through careful planning and open communication between states.
Keywords: double taxation, tax agreements, multilateral cooperation, economic integration, tax liability, national legislation, UN model, OECD model, international tax control.
Work bibliographic list
1. Acerbis Fabrizio, Alessandro Catona. La tassazione delle banche 2021. Milano: Gruppo 24 Ore, 2021. 912 p.
2. Analytical and Historical Review of International Double Taxation and Tax Evasion and Avoidance. 45p.
3. Angharad Miller, Lynne Oats. Principles of International Taxation. Third edition, Kent: A&C Black, 2012. 643 p.
4 Brauner Yariv. Research Handbook on International Taxation. Nordhampton: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2020. 416 p.
5. Chelen Mustafa, Elzbieta Robak. The Political Economy of Public Finance. London: Ijopec Publication, 2017. 250 p.
6. Council of Europe and OECD convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters, 1988, Article 1 (3).
7. David S. Kerzner, David W. Chodikoff. International Tax Evasion in the Global Information Age. Cham: Springer, 2016. 425 p.
8. Exchange of Information and Bank Secrecy, edited by Alexander Rust & Eric Fort, Wolters Kluwer, 2012. P. 121.
9. Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes: Korea 2020 (Second Round) Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request: Peer Review Report on the Exchange of Information on Request. OECD Publishing, 2020. 104 p.
10. Harriet Brown, Grahame Jackson. A Practitioner’s Guide To International Tax Information Exchange Regimes: DAC6, TIEAs, MDR, CRS, and FATCA. London: Spiramus Press Ltd, 2021. 414 p.
11. Jogarajan, S. Background. In Double Taxation and the League of Nations, Cambridge Tax Law Series, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. p. 7-21.
12. League of Nations, Report of the Fiscal Committee to the Council on the work of the fifth session of the Committee (C.252.M.124.1935.II.A). P. 4, paragraph II. B.4.
13 Marino Giuseppe New Exchange of Information versus Tax Solutions of Equivalent Effect. EATLP: International Tax Series, 2016. 654 p
14. Molenaar Dick. Taxation of International Performing Artistes: The Problems with Article 17 OECD and how to Correct Them. Amsterdam: IBFD, 2005. 416 p.
15. Oberson Xavier. International Exchange of In formation in Tax Matters: Towards Global Transparency. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2015. 288 p.
16. Quinten R. Kroes. E-business Law of the European Union. Austin: Kluwer Law International B.V., 2010. 429 p.
17. Riccardi Lorenzo, Giorgio Riccardi. China in Africa: FDI, Tax and Trends of the New African Geo-economics. Singapore: Springer Nature, 2021. 362 p.
18. Tax Management Portfolios, Volume 896. Tax Management Incorporated, 2006. p. 150.
19. The Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters Twentieth Anniversary Edition: Twentieth Anniversary Edition. OECD, Council of Europe OECD Publishing, 2008. 132 p.
20. United Nations Model Double Taxation Convention between Developed and Developing Countries. United Nations. New York, Department of Economic & Social Affairs ST/ESA/PAD/SER.E/21. 2001. 409 p.
21. United Nations. Dept. of International Economic and Social Affairs. Manual for the Negotiation of Bilateral Tax Treaties Between Developed and Developing Countries. UN, 1979. 190 p.
22. Valderrama I. Johanna, Dries Lesage, Wouter Lips. Taxation, International Cooperation and the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda. Cham: Springer Nature, 2021. 225 p.
23. Valkama Maria. The Nordic Mutual Assistance Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters The Nordic Mutual Assistance Convention. Günther/Tüchler, Exchange of Information for Tax Purposes. P. 203-204.
24. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, Volume 29. Vanderbilt University, School of Law, 1996. P. 196.
25. [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A01977L0799-20070101

INTERNATIONAL LAW
AYRIYAN Erna Vladimirovna
Chairman of the Court of the Eurasian Economic Union
A CHOICE BETWEEN AN APPELLATE MECHANISM AND AN INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT COURT: A KEY ASPECT OF THE REFORM OF INVESTMENT ARBITRATION
The article examines the main options for reforming the existing arbitration of investment disputes, while noting that the main reason for the reform is the inconsistency and inconsistency of decisions made by arbitration tribunals. A key element of the reform will be the choice between creating an appellate mechanism while maintaining the existing system of ad hoc arbitration tribunals and a replacement of it by an international investment court. At the same time, due to irreconcilable differences in the positions of states, the prospects for creating a universal mechanism to reduce the inconsistency of arbitral awards in investment disputes look unrealistic, which takes the current fragmentation of international law investment to another level.
Keywords: investment arbitration, appellate mechanism, international investment court.
Work bibliographic list
1. Kadysheva O.V. The role of advisory opinions in international justice and in the practice of the EAEU Court // Law. Journal of the Higher School of Economics. 2022. V. 15. No. 1. S. 208-231.
2. Rachkov I. Reform of the international legal dispute settlement between foreign investors and states // International Justice. 2016. No. 3 (19). pp. 118-136.
3. Alvarez J. Topalian G. The Paradoxical Argentina Cases // World Arbitration & Mediation Review. 2012. Vol. 6. P. 492-543.
4. Burke-White W. The Argentine Financial Crisis: State Liability under BITs and the Legitimacy of the ICSID System // Asian Journal of WTO & International Health Law and Policy. 2008 Vol. 3. No. 1. P. 199-234
5. Calamita N. The (In) Compatibility of Appellate Mechanisms with Existing Instruments of the Investment Treaty Regime // The Journal of World Investment & Trade. 2017 Vol. 18. P. 585-627.
6. Howard D. Creating Consistency Through a World Investment Court // Fordham International Law Journal. 2017 Vol. 41. No. 1. P. 1-52
7. Kaufmann-Kohler G. Is Consistency a Myth? // Precedent in International Arbitration. 2008. P. 137-147.
8. Kim D. The Annulment Committee’s Role in Multiplying Inconsistency in ICSID Arbitration: The Need to Move away from an Annulment-Based System // New York University Law Review. 2011 Vol. 86. No. 1. P. 242-279.
9. Langford M., Kaufmann-Kohler G., Potestà M., Behn D. Special Issue: UNCITRAL and Investment Arbitration Reform: Matching Concerns and Solutions // Journal of World Investment & Trade. 2020 No. 21. P. 167-187
10. Melikyan A. The Legacy of Opinion 1/17: To What Extent Is the Autonomous EU Legal Order Open to New Generation ISDS? // European Papers. 2021 Vol. 6. No. 1. P. 645-673.
11. Puig S., Shaffer G. Imperfect Alternatives: Institutional Choice and the Reform of Investment Law // American Journal of International Law. 2018 Vol. 112. No. 3. P. 361-409.
12. Reed L. International Dispute Resolution Courts: Retreat or Advance? // McGill Journal of Dispute Resolution. 2017-2018. Vol. 4. P 129-147.
13. Roberts A. Incremental, Systemic, and Paradigmatic Reform of Investor-State Arbitration // American Journal of International Law. 2018 Vol. 112. No. 3. P. 410-432
14. Schill S. Vidigal G. Designing Investment Dispute Set tlement à la Carte: Insights from Comparative Institutional Design Analysis // The Law and Practice of International Courts and Tribunals. 2020 Vol. 18. No. 3. P. 314-344.
15. Ten Cate I. International Arbitration and the Ends of Appellate Review // New York University Journal of International Law and Politics. 2012. Vol. 44. No. 4. P. 1109-1204
16. Titi S. Who’s Afraid of Reform? Beware the Risk of Fragmentation // AJIL Unbound. 2018 Vol. 112. P. 232-236.
17. Franck S. Legitimacy Crisis in Investment Treaty Arbitration: Privatizing Public International Law Through Inconsistent Decisions // Fordham Law Review. 2005 Vol. 73. P. 1520–1625.
18. Ulfstein G. Qatar v. United Arab Emirates // American Journal of International Law, 2022. Vol. 116. No. 2. P. 397-403
19. Zarra G. The Issue of Incoherence in Investment Arbitration: Is There Need for a Systemic Reform? // Chinese Journal of International Law. 2018 Vol. 17. No. 1. P. 137-185

INTERNATIONAL LAW
CHEN Yutong
postgraduate student of the International law sub-faculty of the Faculty of Law of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
ISSUES OF INTERACTION BETWEEN THE WTO AND REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS
The Complication factors have prevented the WTO members from fulfillment of the WTO’s rule-making potential for further liberalization of international trade within the existing system. consequently, the WTO member states have turned to regional trade agreements (RTAs), to accomplish these goals, which has contributed to an increase in the number of concluded RTAs, but at the same time, has led to contradictions between RTAs and the WTO agreements . This article deals with the problem of the correlation between the provisions of the WTO and regional trade agreements and offers solutions to emerging contradictions.
Keywords: regional trade agreement; RTA; The multilateral trading system; World Trade Organization; Complementary parallel relationships
Work bibliographic list
1. Mattoo A., Mulabdic A., Ruta M. Trade Creation and Trade Diversion in the deep Agreements // World Bank Policy Research Working Paper. – 2017. – No. 8206. – P. 1-42.
2. Smbatyan A. S. WTO and regional integration associations: the ratio of “legal forces” in the settlement of trade disputes // Russian Foreign Economic Bulletin. – 2011. – No. 8. – P. 74–82.
3. Kloewe B. The Spaghetti Bowl of Preferential Trade Agreements and the Declining Relevance of the WTO // Denver Journal of International Law & Policy. – 2016. – No. 44 (3). – P. 429-440.
4. Chen L. A Trial Analysis of the Political Motivations and Implications of the Development of Regional Trade Agreements // Rule of Law Research. – 2014. – No. 6. – P. 37-47.
5. Li C., Wen Y. From the Integration of Regional trade agreements and the WTO Multilateral Trading System to the Path of China’s Regional Trade Cooperation // Journal of Zhengzhou University. – 2008. – No. 41 (1). – P. 70-73.
6. Cho S. Defragmenting World Trade // Northwestern Journal of International Law & Business. – 2006. – No. 27 (1). – P. 39-88.
7. Whalley J. Recent Reginal Agreement: Why So Many, Why So Much Variance in Form, Why Coming So Fast, and Where Are They Headed? // The World Bank Economic. – 2008. – P. 529-531.
8. Powell S. J., Low T. Is the WTO Quietly Fading Away? The New Regionalism and Global Trade Rules // Georgetown Journal of Law & Public Policy. – 2011. – No. 9. – P. 261-282.
9. World Bank: Trade Blocks. – M: Oxford University Press, 2000.
10. Damro C. The Political Economy of Regional Trade Agreements // Bartels L., Ortino F. (eds.) Regional Trade Agreements and the WTO Legal System. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. – P. 23-42.
11. Cottier T., Foltea M. Constitutional Functions of the WTO and Regional Trade Agreements // Bartels L., Ortino F. (eds.) Regional Trade Agreements and the WTO Legal System. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. – P. 43-76.
12. Zhong L. The History and Legal Analysis of Article XXIV of GATT1994 // Law Review. – 2003. – No. 6. – P. 41-47.
13. Wu M. Conflict and Coordination of Global Economic Integration // Journal of East China Normal University. – 2008. – No. 40 (2). – P. 51-55.
14. Leal-Arcas R. Proliferation of Regional Trade Agreements: Complementing or Supplanting Multilateralism? // Chicago Journal of International Law. – 2011. – No. 11 (2). – P. 597-629.
15. Shen M. Conflict and Coordination of the WTO Multilateral Trading System and regional Free Trade agreements // Journal of Nanjing University of Finance and Economics. – 2008. – No. 1. – P. 79-83.
16. Bhagwati J. US Trade Policy: The Infatuation with FTAs // Discussion Paper Series. – 1995. – No. 726.
17. Zhong L. WTO’s Regulation of Regional Trade Agreements and Their Improvement // Jurist. – 2003. – no. 4. – P. 151-160.
18. Du Y. On the Relationship between Regional Trade Agreements and WTO Rules // Journal of Southwest Ethnic Masters. – 2005. – No. 6. – P. 214-217.
19. Li Q. Research on Legal Issues of Conflict of Jurisdiction between WTO and RTA Dispute Settlement Mechanisms: Doctoral dissertation – Diplomatic Academy, 2015.

INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LAW
Gorenitsa Veronika Vitaljevna
4th year student in the “Law with advanced study of Chinese language and Chinese law program” of the St. Petersburg State University
CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY: RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENTS UNDER RUSSIAN AND CHINESE LAW
In recent years, Russian-Chinese trade relations have shown constant growth. There is a close relationship and favorable cooperation between companies in the two countries. However, the effects of the ongoing coronavirus pandemic and difficulties in foreign policy relations with other countries are having a significant impact on the financial health of organizations. As a result, not all companies are able to continue doing business due to low profitability and the formation of pre-bankruptcy signs. In the case of cross-border insolvency, it becomes very difficult to balance the interests of both parties, given the differences in legal regimes and the division into “pro-debtor” and “pro-creditor” jurisdictions.
Keywords: cross-border insolvency, recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, principle of reciprocity, public policy, court decisions.
Work bibliographic list
1. Menshikova P. A. Recognition of acts of foreign courts in the bankruptcy procedure // Arbitration and civil process. – 2020. – No. 4. – S. 52-55.
2. Sobina L. Yu. Recognition of foreign bankruptcies in private international law. Statute, 2012. – 240 p.
3. Dai Yu. Reflections on the extraterritorial effects of transnational insolvency proceedings // Journal of Taiyuan Normal College (Social Science Edition). – 2020 – Vol. 19, No. 4. – P. 81 – 89.
4. Guo Yujun Fu Pengyuan: China’s Cross-Border Insolvency Recognition and Assistance System: Theory, Practice and Rule Improvement // China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. – 2021. – No. 4. – P. 1-16.
5. Moustaira E., Moustaira, Reschke. International Insolvency Law. – Springer International Publishing, 2019 – 155 p.
6. Parry R., Gao N. The Future Direction of China’s Cross-border Insolvency Laws, Related Issues and Potential Problems // International Insolvency Review. – 2018. – T. 27. – No. 1. – P. 1 – 38.
7. Zhang Z. Globalized Cross-Border Insolvency Law: The Roles Played by China // European Business Organization Law Review. – 2021. – P. 1 – 46.
8. Zhang Shijun, Wang Zichen. Study on the presumption of reciprocity in judicial assistance in cross-border insolvency // Journal of Beijing Academy of Political Science and Law. – 2021 – No. 4. – P. 13-18.

INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LAW
Luc Thi Ly
postgraduate student of the Institute of Law of the People’s Friendship University of Russia
REVIEWS OF PENALTY FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT UNDER COMMERCIAL LAW PROVISIONS IN VIETNAM
Violation of commercial contracts has become a common problem in Vietnam and in many countries around the world. Many countries set out provisions on sanctions for violations of commercial contracts in their own legal systems. Penalty for breach of contract has become a popular sanction applied in many countries including Vietnam. The penalty level for violations has been a controversial issue in recent times, because it seriously affects the actual effectiveness of the application of trade sanctions. Moreover, the penalty level for violation is also the basis for the parties to the contract to implement the contract terms more seriously and effectively. The article will comment on the penalty for violation of contract according to Vietnam’s commercial law and practical application.
Keywords: Commercial Laws, Civil Law, contract law, compensation for damages, sanctions for violation of contracts, Commercial contract, civil contract, Violation of contract.
Work bibliographic list
1. Ministry of Industry and Trade. Some multilateral treaties commonly used in international trade. Hanoi: Pedagogical University Press, 2007.
2. Vietnamese Civil Code 2015
3. Vietnam Commercial Law 2005
4. Beach F., Son H. Discussion of punishment for breach of contract // Electronic Journal of the People’s Court, 2019
5. Chan V.B. Electronic contracts in accordance with Vietnamese law. Institute of State and Law. Hanoi: Judicial Publishing House, 2012.
6. Nguyen T.Z. and co-authors. Law on Contracts in Trade and Investments – Basic Legal Issues. Hanoi: National Political Publishing House, 2008.

EUROPEAN LAW
SEMENOVA Yana Viktorovna
postgraduate student of Integration and European law sub-faculty of the O. E. Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)
FORMATION OF LEGAL REGULATION OF THE USE OF BIOMETRIC DATA IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
The European Union, as the largest integration association, faces the issue of legally ensuring the national security of the member states, as well as the information security of their citizens, which today, among other things, is the protection of biometric data. The author examines the prerequisites for the legal consolidation of such personal data in the acts of the European Union, and also analyzes the evolution of legal regulation of their use.
Keywords: biometric data, European Union, ICAO, electronic passport, Visa Code, biometrics, identification of citizens, data processing.
Work bibliographic list
1. Butrina A. V. Biometric identification of a person // Actual problems of aviation and cosmonautics. – 2012. – No. 8. – C. 389-390.
2. Volevodz A. G. Identity documents with biometric personal data: international standards, foreign experience, domestic legal regulation and its problems // Uchenye zapiski St. Petersburg named after V. B. Bobkov branch of the Russian Customs Academy. – 2015. – No. 1 (53). – S. 87-117.
3. Kochetkova O. V. Features of legal regulation of the use of biometric documents in the European Union and the Russian Federation // Fundamental research. – 2015. – No. 2-5. – S. 1118-1122. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://fundamental-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=36995 (date of access: 09/18/2022).
4. Maznichenko N. I. Applications and principles for constructing biometric systems for personal identification // Bulletin of the National Technical University “Kharkov Polytechnic Institute”. Series: Informatics and modeling. – 2007. – No. 19. – P. 127-132.
5. Bustard J. The Impact of EU Privacy Legislation on Biometric System Deployment: Protecting citizens but constraining applications // IEEE Signal Processing Magazine. – Vol. 32. – No. 5. – P. 101-108. – Sept. 2015.

THEORY OF GOVERNMENT AND RIGHTS
DOLZHENKOVA Ekaterina
Ph.D. in political sciences, associate professor of the Higher School of Law and Forensic Technical Expertise of Humanitarian Institute of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
MOKHOROV Dmitriy Anatoljevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of the Higher School of Jurisprudence and Forensic Technical Expertise of Humanitarian Institute of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
KOSAREV Sergey Yurjevich
Ph.D. in Law, professor of the Higher School of Jurisprudence and Forensic Technical Expertise of Humanitarian Institute of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
Shubnikov Yuriy Borisovich
Ph.D. in Law, professor of the Higher School of Jurisprudence and Forensic Technical Expertise of Humanitarian Institute of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL REGULATION OF COMBATING CORRUPTION
The study highlights the most problematic aspects of the legal regulation of combating corruption. It is considered from the point of view of an integral element of a full-scale system of legal influence on the phenomena of a corruption nature. The purpose of this study is to study the international legal experience in combating corruption and its implementation in the Russian Federation, taking into account the application of the features of the national legal system.
Keywords: corruption, anti-corruption measures, education, interstate interaction, legal acts.
Work bibliographic list
1. United Nations. United Nations Convention against Corruption. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/corruption/uncac.html, last accessed 2021/08/08 (Accessed 19/08/2022).
2. Declaration on combating corruption and bribery in international commercial organizations, approved by Resolution 51/191 at the 86th plenary session of the UN General Assembly on December 16, 1996 – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/233080 (Accessed: 08/19/2022).
3.OECD. OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transaction. – [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: https://www.oecd.org/corruption/oecdantibriberyconvention.htm (accessed 19.08.2022).
4. Council of Europe. Criminal Law Convention on Corruption. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://rm.coe.int/168007f3f5 (date of access: 08/19/2022).
5. Morozov A. N. Countering corruption in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union: international legal and domestic regulation // Journal of Russian law. – 2016. – No. 7 (235).
6. Treaty of the member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States on combating the legalization (laundering) of criminal proceeds and the financing of terrorism. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/902225157 (date of access: 08/19/2022).
7. Federal Law No. 277-FZ of December 25, 2008 “On Combating Corruption”. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_82959/ (date of access: 08/19/2022).
8. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of August 16, 2021 No. 478 “On the National Anti-Corruption Plan for 2021-2024”. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/47119 (date of access: 08/19/2022).
9. Yagodin R. S., Volkov P. A. Anti-corruption // Leningrad Russian legal journal. – 2017. – No. 2 (48).
10. Nevinsky VV Corruption in Russia: systemic countermeasures // Journal of Russian law. – 2017. – No. 1 (241).
11. Group of States against Corruption (GRECO). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.coe.int/en/web/greco (date of access: 08/19/2022).

THEORY OF GOVERNMENT AND RIGHTS
BAYDAROVA Marina Aleksandrovna
Ph.D. in Law, lecturer of the Penza State University
EXCEPTIONS IN FEDERAL LAW #3-FZ OF 02/07/2011 “ON THE POLICE”: SOME THEORETICAL ASPECTS
The article discusses some cases of the implementation of exceptions to the norms of Federal Law No. 3-FZ dated 02/07/2011 “On the Police”. The uniqueness of legal exceptions is emphasized both through the target and functional load, and through objectification in the legal matter. The author attempts to substantiate the position that it is through the implementation of an exception to the norm that the subject of lawmaking achieves both the required abstractness and its concreteness. The legal exceptions included by the legislator in the legal norm make it possible to adapt it to the changing reality. Thus, exceptions as a means of legal differentiation allow the subject of lawmaking to strategically approach the regulation of legal relations, observing the balance of interests of the individual, society and the state.
Keywords: legal exceptions, means of legal differentiation, permission, restriction, constructive balance, advanced lawmaking.
Work bibliographic list
1. Alekseev S. S. General permissions and general prohibitions in Soviet law. – M.: Yurid. lit., 1989. – 286 p.
2. Baranova M. V. An exception to the rules as a technical and legal means of advancing lawmaking // Bulletin of the Saratov State Law Academy. – 2018. – No. 1 (120). – S. 82-90.
3. Baydarova M. A. The mechanism for the implementation of exceptions in law: theoretical and practical aspects: Abstract of the thesis. dis. … cand. legal Sciences. – Saratov, 2020. – 207 p.
4. Vlasenko N. A. Reasonableness and certainty in legal regulation. Reasonableness and certainty in legal regulation. – M.: INFRA-M, 2014. – 156 p.
5. Vlasenko N. A., Zaloilo M. V. The state of legislation, the level of legislative culture and the standardization of legislation // Legal technique. – 2016. – No. 10. – P. 78-89.
6. Muravyov I. A. Legislative exception (theory, practice, technique): Abstract of the thesis. dis. … cand. legal Sciences. – N. Novgorod, 2009. – 33 p.
7. Petrov D. E. Differentiation and integration of structural formations of the system of Russian law: dis. … doc. legal Sciences. – Saratov, 2015. – 505 p.
8. Senyakin I. N. Specialization and unification of Russian legislation. Problems of theory and practice / Ed. M. I. Baitina. – Saratov: Sarat Publishing House. state un-ta, 1993. – 194 p.
9. Subochev VV Legitimate interests in the mechanism of legal regulation. – M.: Jurist, 2007. – 187 p.
10. Sumenkov S. Yu. Exceptions in law: general theoretical analysis: Abstract of the thesis. dis. … doc. legal Sciences. – Saratov, 2016. – 58 p.
11. Sumenkov S. Yu. Exceptions in law: general theoretical analysis: dis. … doc. legal Sciences. – Saratov, 2016. – 475 p.
12. Sumenkov S. Yu. Exceptions in law: theoretical and instrumental analysis. – M.: Yurlitinform, 2016. – 372 p.
13. Sumenkov S. Yu., Plakhtiy N. A. Legal reality as a set of legal cases // Bulletin of the Saratov State Law Academy. – 2022. – No. 4 (147). – S. 15-21.
14. Sumenkov S. Yu. Special and exclusive norms as a component of a special legal status: features of correlation and forms of objectification // Nomothetika: Philosophy. Sociology. Right. – 2022. – No. 47. – P. 334-341.
15. Shershenevich G. F. Definition of the concept of law. – Kazan: Publishing House of Tipo-lit. Imp. Kazan. un-ta, 1896. – 84 p.
16. Ekimov AI Interests and law in a socialist society. – L .: Publishing House of Leningrad State University, 1984. – 134 p.

THEORY OF GOVERNMENT AND RIGHTS
IVLIEV Pavel Valentinovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty of the Institute for Training State and Municipal Employees of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
FROLOVSKAYA Yuliya Ivanovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty of the Institute for Training State and Municipal Employees of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
TO THE QUESTION OF THE RELEVANCE OF RADIO AND POSSIBLE PROSPECTS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT IN THE 21ST CENTURY
This article discusses the possible prospects for the development of radio broadcasting as a mass media in terms of competition with other mass media. The issues of using radio in different countries are touched upon. The objective positive and negative properties of radio are studied in detail in comparison with other means of mass communication. In particular, aspects of the success of radio stations are analyzed on the example of the use of advertising. Examples of the successful existence of radio broadcasting in the Russian Federation are given.
Keywords: radio; TV; mass media; mass media; gadgets; the Int ernet; the target audience; broadcasting channels; information; radio station; newspaper.
Work bibliographic list
1. Beloshapkina V.S., Savina A.A. Possibilities of radio as a means of mass communication at the beginning of the XXI century // PR and advertising: traditions and innovations. 2014. No. 14-2. pp. 344-347.
2. Marsavina E.A. Media education potential of modern domestic student radio (on the example of the work of the student radio station of the Altai State University “Planet Radio”) // Znak: problematic field of media education. 2017. No. 4 (26). pp. 166-170.
3. Wakku G.V. Cultural and educational mission of regional radio (on the example of “Radio Chuvashia”) // Izvestiya of the Russian State Pedagogical University. A. I. Herzen. 2008. No. 78. S. 91-96.

THEORY OF GOVERNMENT AND RIGHTS
GORBUNOV Maxim Dmitrievich
Ph.D. in Law, senior lecturer of Theory and history of state and law sub-faculty of the N. I. Lobachevskiy State University
TO THE QUESTION OF THE STATUS OF ANGLO-AMERICAN LEGAL POSITIVISM
This article analyzes the status of Anglo-American positivism in the system of scientific knowledge. The author concludes that it should be regarded as a fully formed trend in legal thinking along with continental positivism. The features of the formation of Anglo-American positivism, its connection with analytical jurisprudence, the Oxford scientific school are analyzed, and its place in Anglo-American legal science is determined by the author.
Keywords: legal understanding, legal positivism, philosophy of law, analytical jurisprudence, Anglo-American legal thought.
Work bibliographic list:
1. Didikin A. B. Analytical philosophy of law: origins, genesis and structure. – Tomsk: Tomsk. state un-t, 2016. 244 p.
2. Kasatkin S.N. Legal positivism in Anglo-American legal thought. The concept of Herbert Hart // Legal positivism and competition of theories of law: history and modernity. Ivanovo: Ivan. state un-t, 2012. S. 298-320.
3. Kraevsky A.A. Hans Kelsen’s pure doctrine of law and modern legal positivism: dissertation … candidate of legal sciences: 12.00.01. [Place of protection: St. Petersburg State University]. St. Petersburg, 2014.
4. Ogleznev V.V. G.L.A. Hart and the formation of the analytical philosophy of law. Tomsk: Publishing House Vol. un-ta, 2012. 216 p.
5. Ogleznev VV, Surovtsev VA Analytical philosophy, legal language and philosophy of law. Tomsk: Publishing house of Tom.un-ta, 2016. 236 p.
6. Pischulin A. V. Modern legal positivism in the Anglo-Saxon legal family / Moscow University Bulletin. Episode 11 2010. No. 4. S. 98-107.
7. Raz D. Autobiography. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode https://sites.google.com/site/josephnraz/ (accessed 08/30/2022)
8. Hart G.L.A. The concept of law (translated from English by E.V. Afonasina, M. Babak, A.B. Didikin, S.V. Moiseeva). St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg State University, 2007. 304 p.
9. Hart G.L.A. Positivism and the delimitation of law and morality // News of higher educational institutions. Jurisprudence. 2005. No. 5 (262). C. 102-136.
10. Bix B.H. On Philosophy in American Law: Analytical Legal Philosophy / Ed. Mootz F. J. III. Cambridge University Press, 2009. P. 99-105.
11. Hart H.L.A. Legal Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals // Harvard Law Review. 1958 Vol. 71. No. 4. P. 593-629.
12 Hart H.L.A. postscript. Concept of Law. Oxford, 1994.
13. Postema G. Legal positivism: early foundations in the routledge companion to philosophy of law / Ed. by A. Marmor. NY: London, 2012. P. 31-48
14. Raz J. Kelsen’s Theory of the Basic Norm. The Authority of Law. 1998. P. 49-67
15. Twining W. Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the British Academy. 2012
16. Sangha B., Moles R. MacCormick’s Theory of Law, Miscarriages of Justice and the Statutory Basis for Appeals in Australian Criminal Cases // UNSW Law Journal. 2014.
17. Summers R.S. The New Analytical Jurists // New York University Law Review. 1966 Vol. 41. R. 861-896.
18. Wilson R. The Justification of Authority: a response to Raz // Honors Theses (University of Richmond). 2013

THEORY OF GOVERNMENT AND RIGHTS
KOROBOVA Aleksandra Petrovna
Ph. D. In Law, associate professor, associate professor of Theory of law and philosophy sub-faculty of the Samara State University of Economics
KOTLOV Sergey Vladimirovich
magister student of the Samara State University of Economics
ON THE CONCEPT AND FUNCTIONS OF TAX IN THE LEGAL DOCTRINE OF GERMANY
Within the framework of this article, the historical and theoretical aspects of the study of the problem of the formation of the concept of tax in the legal doctrine of Germany are considered. The issue of trends in the development of legislative and scientific definitions is highlighted. It is concluded that at different stages of the formation of the German tax system, one or another function of taxation was brought to the fore, depending on the financial and social policy pursued by the state and the dominance of one or another scientific doctrine. Thus, the solution of this question was predetermined, on the one hand, by practice, and on the other, by theory.
Keywords: tax, tax system, taxation system, the concept of tax, tax functions, the tax system of Germany.
Work bibliographic list
1. Balynin I. V. On the issue of introducing a socially just progressive taxation of incomes of individuals in the Russian Federation // Taxes and taxation. – 2015. – No. 4. – C. 300-311.
2. Zorile D. V. On the issue of correlating the legal definition of tax and the practice of financial and economic regulation in Germany in the 20s of the twentieth century // Modern trends in the development of science and technology. – 2016. – No. 9-6. – S. 54-61.
3. Zorile DV Development of the provisions of the “general part” of German tax law in the 20s – 70s of the XX century // Financial Law and Management. – 2014. – No. 2. – P. 86-96.
4. Zorile D. V. Development of the main principles and concepts of German tax law during the adoption of the Imperial Regulations on taxes and other payments of 1919 and its subsequent changes and additions (20-40s of the XX century) // Law and state: theory and practice. – 2014. – No. 8(116). – S. 105-110.
5. Karev D. A., Kotlov S. V. Taxation in the environmental sphere under German law // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2022. – No. 3 (166). – S. 228-229.
6. Kirakosyan S. A., Akayeva E. A. State support for self-employed citizens during the coronavirus pandemic // Law and Politics. – 2021. – No. 6. – P. 129-139.
7. Maksimova A. G. Comparative analysis of the object of real estate taxation in the Russian Federation and Germany // Business in law. Economic and legal journal. – 2014. – No. 2. – P. 230-233.
8. Taxes and taxation / Ed. M. V. Romanovsky, O. V. Vrublevskaya. – St. Petersburg, 2000.
9. Nikolaeva E. V. Taxation of excess income in the framework of the application of the solidarity tax // Taxes and taxation. – 2016. – No. 3. – P. 232-238.
10. Oparina A. A., Korotaeva O. A. Comparison of the tax system in Russia and Germany // Student science of the XXI century. – 2016. – No. 2-2 (9). – S. 167-170.
11. Hodov L. G. What taxes do individuals and legal entities pay in Germany? What are the functions of these taxes? // Horizons of the economy. – 2018. – No. 6 (46). – P. 130-135.
12. Tsokova V. A. Comparative analysis of tax systems in Russia and Germany // Theoretical and applied economics. – 2015. – No. 1. – S. 21-35.
13. Tipke K., Lang J. Steuerrecht. – Koeln: Schmidt, 1998.
14. Wagner A. Finanzwissenschaft. – Leipzig, 1890.

THEORY OF GOVERNMENT AND RIGHTS
MOKHOROVA Anna Yurjevna
Ph.D. in political sciences, associate professor of the Higher School of International Relations of Humanitarian Institute of the Peter Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
DOLZHENKOVA Ekaterina
Ph.D. in political sciences, associate professor of the Higher School of Law and Forensic Technical Expertise of Humanitarian Institute of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
KLINISKIY Artem Igorevich
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor of the Higher School of Law and Forensic Technical Expertise of Humanitarian Institute of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
DANSHINA Natalya Anatoljevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of the Higher School of Jurisprudence and Forensic Technical Expertise of Humanitarian Institute of Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
LEGAL EDUCATION AS A WAY TO COUNTER POLITICAL EXTREMISM AMONG THE YOUTH
Extremism is a phenomenon, the counteraction to which is given a lot of attention both at the national and international levels. Strategies and plans are being developed to combat this phenomenon, working groups are being created to develop specific measures. The purpose of the study is to define the concept of extremism (political extremism), to determine the role of legal education in countering political extremism. The research methods were formal-legal, comparative-legal, analytical. As a result of the study, the authors come to the following conclusions: extremism and political extremism are concepts that are not clearly defined at the legislative level, which requires the legi slator to make changes and additions to the current legislation; the youth environment is of particular interest to extremist organizations, and young people are at risk of being involved in antisocial activities, including those of a violent nature; a consistent, logically built process of legal education of the younger generation is an important way to counter political extremism.
Keywords: extremism, political extremism, youth, legal education, legal propaganda, legal education.
Work bibliographic list
1. Resolution of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe “On the Threat to Democracy from Extremist Parties and Movements in Europe” No. 1344 of September 29, 2003. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.coe.int/t/r/parliamentary_assembly/%5Brussian_documents%5D/%5B2003%5D/%5BSept_2003%5D/Res%201344%20Rus.asp (date of access: 08/18/2022) .
2. Shanghai Convention on Combating Terrorism, Separatism and Extremism. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/901812033 (date of access: 08/18/2022).
3. Resolution of the UN General Assembly A/70/674 of December 24, 2015 [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N15/456/24/PDF/N1545624.pdf?OpenElement (accessed 08/18/2022).
4. United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N05/504/90/PDF/N0550490.pdf?OpenElement (accessed 08/18/2022).
5. Federal Law No. 114-FZ of July 25, 2002 (as amended on November 23, 2015) “On Counteracting Extremist Activities.” [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_37867/ (date of access: 18.08.2022).
6. “Strategy for countering extremism in the Russian Federation until 2025” approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 29, 2020 N 344. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/74094369/ (date of access: 08/18/2022).
7. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_10699/ (date of access: 18.08.2022).
8. Code of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_34661/ (date of access: 18.08.2022).
9. Baal N. B. Political extremism of the Russian youth and technologies to overcome it. Abstract dis. … doc. polit. Sciences. – Nizhny Novgorod., 2012.
10. Fedulova VV Extremism as a socio-political phenomenon // Social and humanitarian knowledge. – 2011. – No. 3.
11. Nekrasova E. V. Youth extremism and the main directions of its prevention in modern Russian society // Vestn. Moscow University. Ser. 18. Sociology and political science. – 2012. – No. 3. – P. 92-108.
12. Beglova OA Is any extremism illegal? // Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Episode 14: Right. – 2011. – No. 4.
13. Efanova E. V. Youth extremism as a form of political protest // Power. – 2011. – No. 8.

THEORY OF GOVERNMENT AND RIGHTS
NOVIKOVA Oksana Ivanovna
Ph.D. in historical sciences, associate professor of Theory of state and law sub-faculty of the Institute of law of the Bashkir State University
RUDMAN Mark Naumovich
Ph.D. in historical sciences, associate professor of Theory of state and law sub-faculty of the Institute of law of the Bashkir State University
THE PROBLEM OF UNIVERSALITY OF SOCIAL RIGHTS AND THE CRISIS OF THE LEGAL STATE (PART 1)
The article presents an analysis of the historical prerequisites for the consolidation of social rights in the constitutional legislation. From the standpoint of an integrative approach the authors examine the crisis of industrial society as a systemic basis for the constitutional regulation of the individual’s right to social insurance provided by the state, as well as objective problems of the introduction of the social insurance system as a threat to the principles of the rule of law.
Keywords: industrial society, social rights, public law, socialist law, social insurance, personal self-realization.
Work bibliographic list
1. Sukhanov E. A. Comparative corporate law. – M.: Statute, 2014. – 456 p.
2. Hayek F. A. Road to slavery: Monograph / Per. from English. M. Gnedovsky. – M: New publishing house, 2005. – 264 p.
3. Hayek F. A. Law, legislation and freedom: Modern understanding of the liberal principles of justice and politics: Monograph / Per. from English. B. Pinsker and A. Kustarev; ed. A. Kuryaeva. – M.: IRISEN, 2006. – 644 p.
4. Shlesinger Jr. A.M. Cycles of American history: transl. from English. / Ed. N. I. Kolyshkina. – M: Progress Publishing Group, Progress-Academy, 1992. – 688 p.

THEORY OF GOVERNMENT AND RIGHTS
ROMANOVSKAYA Lyubava Rostislavovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Constitutional and municipal law sub-faculty of the Faculty of Law of the N. I. Lobachevskiy Nizhny Novgorod State University
KURZENIN Eduard Borisovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of the Institute of Business and Business Administration of the RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation
EVOLUTION OF THE FORM OF THE RUSSIAN STATE IN THE CONTEXT OF CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM 2020
The article is devoted to the analysis of significant changes made to the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2020, from the point of view of the form of the Russian state, the architecture of state power, its transformation. It is concluded that the general trends of its further development will be the strengthening of the president’s position within the framework of a formally semi-presidential republic, the strengthening of centralism in federal relations and the prevalence of authoritarian principles in an authoritarian-democratic (hybrid ) regime.
Keywords: constitutional reform, state system, form of state, form of government, form of territorial structure, political regime.
Bibliographic list
1. Draft Law No. 885214-7 “On Improving the Regulation of Certain Issues of the Organization and Functioning of Public Power”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/885214-7.
2. Law of the Russian Federation on the amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of March 14, 2020 No. 1-FKZ “On improving the regulation of certain issues of the organization and functioning of public authorities” // Consultant Plus. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_346019/ (date of access: 09/02/2022).
3. Melnikova M.V. The form of government in modern Russia // Bulletin of the Samara Humanitarian Academy. Series: Law. – 2018. – No. 1 (20). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/forma-pravleniya-v-sovremennoy-rossii (date of access: 09/04/2022).
4. Nikonov V. Constitutional design // Modern Russian politics: a course of lectures / Ed. V. Nikonov. – M., 2003.
5. Romanovskaya L.R., Saratovtsev A.N. Transformation of the State System of the Russian Federation in the Conditions of the Constitutional Reform 2020 // Legal Science and Practice in the Conditions of Modern Challenges. Materials of the International scientific-practical conference. Edited by E.E. Chernykh, M.V. Baranova. – Part II. – M .: OOO Rusajns, 2022. – P. 166-171
6. Klishas A.A. The “Federal Territory” Initiative Deserves Special Attention // Senators’ Blogs. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://council.gov.ru/services/discussions/blogs/113261/ (date of access: 17.09.2022)
7. Federal Law of December 22, 2020 No. 437-FZ “On the federal territory “Sirius”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_371784/
8. Opinion of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of March 16, 2020 No. 1-Z on compliance with the provisions of Chapters 1, 2 and 9 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation of the provisions of the Law of the Russian Federation on the amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation “On improving the regulation of certain issues of the organization and functioning of public power”, which have not entered into force, as well as on the compliance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation of the procedure for the entry into force of Article 1 of this Law in connection with the request of the President of the Russian Federation // Official Internet portal of legal information. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://pravo.gov.ru/ (date of access: 09/17/2022).
9. Umnova-Konyukhova I.A. Development of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993: constitutional changes, reform or transformation of the constitutional order? // Social and humanitarian sciences. Domestic and foreign literature. Ser. 4. State and law: abstract journal. – 2021. – No. 2. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/razvitie-konstitutsii-rossiyskoy-federatsii-1993-g-konstitutsionnye-preobrazovaniya-reforma-ili-transformatsiya-konstitutsionnogo (date of access: 09/19/2022).
10. Baranov N.A. The political regime of modern Russia // Izvestiya RGPU im. A.I. Herzen. – 2007. – No. 35. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/politicheskiy-rezhim-sovremennoy-rossii (date of access: 10/29/2021); Ustyugov M.A. The political regime of modern Russia // Bulletin of the KSPU im. V.P. Astafiev. – 2007. – No. 3. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/politicheskiy-rezhim-sovremennoy-rossii-1 (date of access: 20.09.2022)

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
EVSEEV Ivan Valentinovich
associate professor of Entrepreneurial law sub-faculty of the Ural State University of Economics
ON THE QUESTION OF THE APPEARANCE OF THE TERM “MILITIA” IN SOCIETY, IN THE URALS, IN THE XVIII EARLY
XX CENTURIES
In this article, the authors try to consider in a historical range the question why the Soviet government, represented by local Councils,
used the term “militia” instead of the police to designate new law enforcement agencies when abolishing the former authorities. Militia
are irregular detachments of armed citizens, militia (for example, in Russia of the late XIX – early XX century irregular troops designed to
carry out police and convoy service on the territory of their own residence and to ensure law and order on the roads and settlements of
the parish).
It should be noted that th e term militia was not new in the verbal turnover of residents of Ural settlements and volosts. Since the XVIII
century, on the outskirts of the Russian state, to protect their settlements and ensure law and order, residents have elected watchmen,
desyatsky and members of police cordons from among the inhabitants living in the settlement. Thus, the legitimacy and support of these
representatives were ensured. They were their relatives and friends to whom they could turn to help.
In 1917, the authorities again used militia squads to ensure order in the villages and counties of the Russian provinces. Militia squads
again began to be formed on an elective basis in settlements and factory settlements. It was, in a way, the participation of the population
in the governance of the state.
Keywords: elected positions, militia, police, parish, Soviet power.
Work bibliographic list
1. Abramovsky A.A. In the fight against crime … (Law enforcement agencies of the Urals in the first year of Soviet power). – Chelyabinsk: GOU VPO CHUI MIA of Russia, 2008. – 176 p.
2. Evseev I.V. Socio-legal problems of introducing new elected positions at the municipal level // Historical science and historical education in the context of global transformations. Materials of the XXV All-Russian historical and pedagogical readings with international participation. – Yekaterinburg, 2021. – S. 173-181.
3. Evseev I.V. Legal institutions of public administration of the XVII-XX centuries. in the realities of modern application. // Organizational and legal foundations of the economic security of business entities in the face of new challenges of the external environment: problems and ways to solve them. Collection of materials of the International scientific-practical conference. Under the general editorship of N.V. Maltsev. – Yekaterinburg, 2021. – S. 83-93.
4. Evseev T.I., Evseev I.V. Toponymy of the Verkhneufaleisky District in the Interpretation of Researchers and Residents of the City. – Yekaterinburg: Pidzhakov A.V., 2016. – 70 p.
5. Evseev I.V. Police and Society of the Urals. 300 years of interaction / [I. V. Evseev, T. I. Evseev, S. V. Slukin, A. R. Alekseeva. – Yekaterinburg: Pidzhakov A.V., 2018. – 219 p.
6. May 06, 1798 The schedule for the police established in Yekaterinburg, adopted by the city duma. State archive of the Sverdlovsk region. (GASO) GASO. F. 8, Op. 1, D. 77, L. 11.
7. Report of the head of the county militia of Verkhneuralsk – Troitsk zemstvo council. State archive of the Orenburg region GAOO.F.11, Op.1, D. 8, L76-78.
8. Kobzov Yu.S., Koval I.I., Kuznetsov V.A., Bulletin of the Chelyabinsk State University. – 2019. – No. 2 (424). – Philosophical sciences. Issue. 51. – S. 108-113.
9. Kositsyn A.P., Mulukaev R.S., Bilenko S.V. and others. Soviet militia: history and modernity, 1917-1987 / Ed. A. V. Vlasova. – M.: Yurid. lit., 1987. – 456 p.
10. State Archive of the Perm Territory (SAPC) FR. 59, Op. 1, D. 12 L. 104.
11. Beldina O.G. Big data: the main directions of legal regulation // Collection of articles on the results of the III Novosibirsk International Legal Forum. In 2 parts. – Novosibirsk, 2021. – S. 354-359; The struggle for Soviet power in the South Urals. (1917-1918): Collection of documents and materials / [Editorial Board: P. G. Agaryshev and others]. – Chelyabinsk: Prince. publishing house, 1957. – 484 p.
12. United State Archive of the Chelyabinsk Region OGACHO. F. 1249, Op. 1, D2.
13. Petrov A.V. Problems of the organization of the Soviet militia in the Urals and Western Siberia in 1917-1918. // Bulletin of the South Ural State University. – Series: Law 206. No. 13. – P. 140-146.
14. Mulukaev R.S., Malygin A.Ya. Soviet militia: stages of development / Ed. A. P. Kositsyna. – M.: B. i., 1985. – 148 p.
15. Municipal budgetary institution “Archive of the Zlatoust City District” (AZGO). F. 11. Op. 1. D. 4, L. 2.
16. Kornilov A.M. Notes on Siberia / Senator Karnilov. – St. Petersburg: printed in type. Carla Kraja, 1828. – 104 p.
17. Mikhelson A.D. Explanation of 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language, with the meaning of their roots. – M., 1865. – 361 p.
18. GA RF, F. 393, Op. 3, D. 7. L. 30.
19. Bilenko S.V. Soviet militia of Russia: Organization of owls. workers and peasants. militia of the RSFSR and its activities to protect the roar. order (1917-1920; Academician of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. – M .: Academician of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, 1976. – 96 p.
20. State Archive of the Perm Territory (SAPC). F. 44. Op. 1, D..8, GAPC. F. 167. Op. 2. D. 7.
21. Resolution of the NKVD and the NKJU on the organization of the Soviet worker-peasant militia (instruction). 10/13/1918 [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://xn--e1aaejmenocxq.xn--p1ai/node/13721 (08/01/2022).
22. “On the workers’ militia.” Collection of legalizations and orders of the government for 1917-1918. No. 1. December 1, 1917. Section One. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://istmat.org/node/27762 (03/20/202).
23. Kornilov, A. M. Notes on Siberia / [op.] Senator Karnilov. – St. Petersburg: Printed in type. Carla Kraja, 1828. – 104 p.
24. Decree of August 31, 1771 Collection (1649-1825): Volume 42, – P. 142.
25. Decree of January 16, 1769, PSZ. – T. 18. – No. 13230; military sbo rnik. – 1874. – No. 5. – S. 16-17.
26. Mikhelson A.D. Explanation of 25,000 foreign words that have come into use in the Russian language, with the meaning of their roots. – M., 1865. – S. 200.
27. Burlaka S.N. Public-private partnership as a form of socially oriented investment // In the collection: Financial and legal aspects of socially oriented investment. Materials of the IV All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. – Yekaterinburg, 2021. – S. 20-24.

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
GAZIZOVA Leisan Makhmutovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Theory of state and law sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Bashkir State University
SOVIET FEDERALISM AND SOME ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN AS A SUBJECT OF THE SOVIET FEDERATION
The article examines some historical and legal factors of the formation of Soviet federalism. On this basis, the circumstances of the formation of Bashkortostan as an autonomous subject of the Soviet federal state are analyzed. The study of the issues of Soviet federalism and the peculiarities of the formation of the Republic of Bashkortostan as a subject of the Soviet Federation from historical and theoretical positions is actualized at the present stage of the state and legal development of Russia. The analysis of theoretical problems makes it possible to establish the scientific foundations of the subject of legal regulation in the subjects of the federation.
Keywords: legal regulation at the level of a subject of a federal state, Soviet Russian Republic, autonomous entities, constitution, autonomous republic.
Work bibliographic list
1. Yashchenko A. S. Russian federalism. Federalism. – 1996. – No. 1.
2. Aznagulov VG Optimization of federal and regional relations. Experience of Bashkortostan. – Ufa, 2005.
3. SU RSFSR. – 1917. – No. 2. – Art. eighteen.
4. Porfiriev AI National sovereignty in the legal nature of Russian federalism: Monograph. – M .: LLC “Knigodel”, 2009.
5. Chistyakov O. I. The Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918. – Ed. 2nd, revised. – M .: IKD “MIRROR-M”, 2003.
6. Levin I. D. Sovereignty. – M., 1948.
7. Shchetinin BV The course of the Soviet state law. Lecture course. Graduate School. – M., 1971.
8. Borisova M. M. The concept of the legal status of the subject of the Russian Federation: author. dis. … cand. legal Sciences. – Saransk, 2005.
9. Chistyakov OI History of the domestic state and law. Part 2. Textbook / Ed. O. I. Chistyakova. 3rd ed., revised. and additional – M.: Lawyer, 2004.
10. Formation of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic – a collection of documents and materials / Ed. B. Kh. Yuldashbaeva. – Ufa: Bashkir book publishing house, 1959.
11. Reader on the history of the national state and law, 1917-1991. / Under the editorship of: Chistyakov O. I. – M .: Zertsalo, 1997.
12. Constitution of the Autonomous Tatar Socialist Soviet Republic. – Kazan: Glavlit TASSR, 1926.

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
PERFILJEVA Irina Anatoljevna
Ph.D. in historical sciences, associate professor of Humanitarian sciences sub-faculty of the Trans-Baikal Institute of Railway Transport of the Irkutsk State University of Railways
STATE POWER AND MANAGEMENT IN THE CITIES OF TRANSBAIKALIA IN THE 1920S
The article discusses the process of creating city councils in Transbaikalia in the 1920s. The structure of city councils, tasks, forms and content of their activities are analyzed. The peculiarities of the formation of local authorities due to demographic and economic factors are noted. The author pays special attention to the mass work of city councils, reveals the tasks, content and effectiveness of the work of sections and commissions. The article consistently reflects the process of formation of the legislative base for the activities of local authorities.
Keywords: city council, administration, local authorities, Transbaikalia, resolution, budget, department, sections, elections, presidium, meeting.
Work bibliographic list
1. GAIO. F. R. – 600. – Op. 1. – D. 658. – L. 25; D. 914. – L. 51ob.
2. GAIO. F. R. – 600. – Op. 1. – D. 658. – L. 6-8.
3. GAZK. F. R. – 165. – Op. 1. – D. 9. – L. 59.
4. GAZK. F. R. 474. – Op. 1. – D. 96. – L. 288; D. 83. – L. 13.
5. GAZK. F. R. 474. – Op. 1. – D. 360. – L. 157, 158.
6. Lepeshkin A. Local authorities of the Soviet state (1921-1936). – M.: Gosjurizdat, 1959. – 411 p.
7. Mikhnovsky P. For the revival of city councils, against inertia and bureaucracy // At the Soviet post. – 1929. – No. 8. – P.17-31.
8. Pacific star. – 1926. – January 20.
9. Flerov V.S. Creation of city councils in the Far East (1922-1923) // Uch. notes of the Tomsk ped. in-ta. – T. 14. – Tomsk, 1955. – S.205-230.

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
PRONINA Ekaterina Nikolaevna
senior lecturer of Theory and history of law and state sub-faculty of the Faculty of Law of the N. I. Lobachevskiy National Research Nizhni Novgorod State University
FEATURES OF ANTI-EPIDEMIC STATE-LEGAL MEASURES DURING THE NIZHNY NOVGOROD FAIR IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY
The article discusses the f eatures of state-legal measures to combat epidemics, taking into account the reaction of society to the anti-epidemic measures introduced by the authorities on the example of the Nizhny Novgorod Fair in the second half of the 19th century.
Keywords: Nizhny Novgorod fair, epidemics, contagious diseases in the 19th century, anti-epidemic measures, public reaction to anti-epidemic measures.
Work bibliographic list
1. TsANO. – F. 472. – Op. 287. – D. 303. – L.d. 4-11.
2. CANO. – F. 472. – Op. 287. – D. 303. – L.d. 40.
3. CANO. – F. 2. – Op. 6. – D 1725. – L. 2.
4. How the cholera epidemic was defeated in Nizhny Novgorod. From the memories of the Nizhny Novgorod Governor Nikolai Mikhailovich Baranov // All-Russian CJSC “Nizhny Novgorod Fair”. – 2020.
5. Bogoroditskaya N. A. Nizhny Novgorod local historian. Collection of scientific articles. Issue. 6. Society “Nizhny Novgorod local historian”; Center for Regional Studies IMOMI UNN named after. N. I. Lobachevsky. – Nizhny Novgorod, 2021.

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
FEDYUSHKINA Arina Igorevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Theory and history of law and state sub-faculty of the Faculty of Law of the N. I. Lobachevskiy National Research Nizhni Novgorod State University
ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPTS OF THE SAXON MIRROR AS A SOURCE OF MEDIEVAL GERMAN LAW
This article is devoted to the analysis of the features of the illuminated manuscripts of the Saxon Mirror as a source of medieval German customary law. Author analyzes the origin and features of the so-called codices picturati of the Saxon Mirror. It is concluded that the illuminated manuscripts of the Saxon Mirror constitute a separate group of legal monuments, in which not only the traditional – textual – form, but also pictorial means are used to present the content of the legal prescription.
Keywords: customary law, Saxon mirror, codices picturati, illuminated manuscripts, Middle Ages, Western European law.
Work bibliographic list
1. Schmidt-Wiegand R. Die Wolfenbütteler Bilderhandschrift im Kreis des Codices picturati des Sachsenspiegels // Die Wolfenbütteler Bilderhandschrift des Sachsenspiegels: Aufsätze und Untersuchungen. Kommentarband zur Faksimile-Ausgabe. – Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1995. DOI: 10.1524/9783050069098-002.
2. Keller O. B. The scope of the “Saxon” and “Swabian mirrors” in Central and Eastern Europe // Bulletin of the Polotsk State University, series A. – 2015. – No. 1. – P. 28-29.
3. Eike. Heidelberger Sachsenspiegel. Ostmitteldeutschland, Anfang 14. Jh. Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/cpg164 (accessed 29.09.2022).
4. Eike. Sachsenspiegel. Oldenburg: Landesbibliothek Oldenburg, 2012. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://digital.lb-oldenburg.de/urn/urn:nbn:de:gbv:45:1-3571 (accessed 29.09.2022).
5. Eike. Die Dresdner Bilderhandschrift des Sachsenspiegels. SLUB Dresden. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://digital.slub-dresden.de/werkansicht/dlf/6439/9 (accessed 29.09.2022).
6. Eike. Der Sachsenspiegel und das sächsische Lehnrecht. Wolfenbuttel. Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel. [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: https://www.sachsenspiegel-online.de/cms/ (accessed 29.09.2022).
7. Hüpper D. Funktionstypen der Bilder in den Codices picturati des Sachsenspiegels // Pragmatische Schriftlichkeit im Mittelalter. Erscheinungsformen und Entwicklungsstufen, hg. von Hagen Keller, Klaus Grubmüller and Nikolaus Staubach. Akten des Internationalen Kolloquiums 17.-19. Mai 1989 (Münstersche Mittelalter-Schriften 65) München: – 1992.
8. Keller O. B. Manuscripts of the “Saxon Mirror” (XIII century) in the archives and libraries of Germany // Optimization of management in a higher educational institution = Methods of optimal management in the institutions of higher education: abstract. speeches at the international seminar, Minsk, April 1–11. 1997 – Minsk, 1997. – S. 133-135.
9. Milde W. Kodikologische Einführung // Sachsenspiegel: Die Wolfenbütteler Bilderhandschrift Cod. Guelf 3. 1. Aug 2, edited by Ruth Schmidt-Wiegand, Berlin. – Boston: Akademie Verlag, 2018. – DOI: 10.1515/9783050069074-004.

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
SHAPOVALOV Anatoliy Vyacheslavovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Theory and history of state and law sub-faculty of the I. T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University
EMBULAEVA Natalya Yurjevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Theory and history of state and law sub-faculty of the I. T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University
SLUCHEVSKIY Stanislav Gennadjevich
magister student of the Faculty of Law of the I. T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University
STATE CONSTRUCTION AND PUBLIC SERVICE IN THE NORTH-WEST CAUCASUS IN THE 60S OF THE 19TH CENTURY
The article deals with issues related to the formation of the foundations of Russian statehood and public service after the end of the Caucasian War. In order to successfully solve problems in the field of public service at the present stage, it seems appropriate to turn to h historical experience. The analysis showed that the most important factor influencing the success of state-building was the widespread involvement of the local population in public service.
Keywords: management policy, public service, North Caucasus, general civil order.
Work bibliographic list
1. Dashin A. V., Shelepova M. A. Customary law from the Russian Empire to modern Russia: genesis and evolution // World of Politics and Sociology. – 2016. – No. 5. – S. 68-76.
2. Ananskikh I. A., Dashin A. V., Salnikov S. P. The place and role of custom in the socio-economic relations of the peoples of the North Caucasus: some historical sketches // Legal field of the modern economy. – 2013. – No. 11. – P. 122-128.
3. Diaries of Grand Duke Konstantin Nikolayevich. 1858-1864 / GA RF; resp. ed. S. V. Mironenko. – M., 2019. – 777 p.
4. The history of Adygea from ancient times to the beginning of the 20th century: in 2 vols. T. 1. – Maykop: Adyg. rep. book. publishing house, 2009. – 452 p.
5. Dashin A. V., Salnikov S. P. Revenge and retribution in the history of the North Caucasus // World of Politics and Sociology. – 2016. – No. 7. – S. 72-76.
6. State Archive of the Krasnodar Territory. – F. 774. – Op. 1. – D. 526., 562. – L. 8-32.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
MAGOMEDKHANOV Ragim Gadzhimagomedovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Branch legal disciplines sub-faculty of the A. R. Chekhov Taganrog Institute (branch) of the Rostov State University of Economics (RINE)
MAGOMEDKHANOVA Karina Faidinovna
assistant of financial and administrative law sub-faculty of the Rostov State University of Economics (RINE)
KURILKINA Olga Alexandrovna
Ph.D. in Law, Head of Branch legal disciplines sub-faculty of the A. R. Chekhov Taganrog Institute (branch) of the Rostov State University of Economics (RINE), associate professor of Theory of state and law sub-faculty of the Rostov Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
KOZHENKO Yana Vasiljevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Theory and history of state and law sub-faculty of the Rostov branch of the All-Russian State University of Justice (Russian Law Academy of the Ministry of Justice of Russia)
THE ESSENCE OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND PROTECTION AGAINST UNEMPLOYMENT IN MODERN CONDITIONS
This study is dedicated to the institution of social support and protection against unemployment in modern conditions.
At present, when it comes to unemployment, it becomes clear that no state, regardless of its form of government or form of political regime, can be insured against unemployment. Countries with well-developed market economies may also experience problems with the employment of the population, the payment of various benefits, or the threat of unemployment in various industries.
Difficulties in the domestic discourse are added by a variety of geographical and historical features, mental originality, a low level of legal culture, etc.
Keywords: unemployment, unemployed, social support, social status, market economy, social support, social protection.
Work bibliographic list
1. Kuznetsova L.P. Basic technologies of social work: textbook. allowance – Vladivostok: Publishing House of the Far Eastern State Technical University, 2002. – P. 33.
2. Stakhova A. A. The concept of the legal nature of social support of citizens in the Russian Federation // Yurist-Pravoved. – 2016. – No. 3. – S. 66-71.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
KOLTYRIN Vadim Igorevich
senior lecturer of Constitutional and municipal law sub-faculty of the Volgograd State University
REALIZATION OF THE RIGHT TO THE ONLY DWELLING SUITABLE FOR LIVING IN CASES OF INSOLVENCY (BANKRUPTCY) OF CITIZENS AS A GUARANTEE OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO HOUSING
The most important legal aspect of the development of a modern legal state is the commitment and observance of the constitutional and legal principles and principles in terms of the realization of the rights of a citizen to his dwelling. However, in extraordinary cases, in particular within the framework of measures taken in cases of insolvency (bankruptcy) of citizens, a situation of imbalance arises between the interests of the debtor and creditors in terms of maintaining property rights to real estate and the need to limit executive immunity. The author analyzed the current branch bankruptcy legislation and the current legal positions of the Supreme Courts, and substantiated the need, in exceptional cases, for the possibility of selling the only housing with the proposal of specific criteria indicating the appropriateness of such measures aimed at establishing a balance of constitutional values.
Keywords: executive immunity, the only habitable premises, the sale of a citizen’s property, good faith, the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, restriction of the right.
Work bibliographic list
1. Morhat P. M. Foreclosure on the only housing of a bankrupt debtor: theoretical and legal aspect and analysis of judicial practice // Judge. – 2020. – No. 9. – P. 55–60.
2. Insolvency (bankruptcy): textbook. course: in 2 volumes / ed. S. A. Karelina. – Moscow: Statute, 2019. – T. 2. – 848 p.
3. Doctrines of the Rule of Law and Supremacy a Rights in the modern world / Collection of articles. Managing editors: V. D. Zorkin, P. D. Barenboim. – M.: LUM, Yustitsinform, 2013. – P. 28.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
MAGOMEDKHANOV Ragim Gadzhimagomedovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Branch legal disciplines sub-faculty of the A. R. Chekhov Taganrog Institute (branch) of the Rostov State University of Economics (RINE)
MAGOMEDKHANOVA Karina Faidinovna
Acting Consultant Office of the Judicial Department in the Rostov Region
KURILKINA Olga Alexandrovna
Ph.D. in Law, Head of Branch legal disciplines sub-faculty of the A. R. Chekhov Taganrog Institute (branch) of the Rostov State University of Economics (RINE), associate professor of Theory of state and law sub-faculty of the Rostov Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF CHILDREN
In this article, the authors touch upon the issues of the legal status of minors through the prism of the historical development of national statehood. Many scientists – lawyers in the field of law believe that on the issue of the legal status of minors, practically no sources have come down to us with the help of which one could draw a conclusion about the legal status of children in those distant times. Therefore, the study of the characteristics of the relationship between the child and parents, the legal status of minors is a particularly important direction in the development of domestic science.
Keywords: minors, child, legal status, rights and obligations of the child, parents.
Work bibliographic list
1. Antokolskaya M. V. Family law: Textbook. – M., 2001. – S. 45.
2. Golysheva L. Yu. Legal status of children in Russia: historical aspect: Dis. … cand. legal Sciences. – Stavropol, 2002. – P. 11.
3. Dmitriev A. S. Influence of the Cathedral Code of 1649 on the sphere of Family Law of the Moscow State // 2012. – No. 5 (73). – S. 29-31.
4. Nevolin K. A. History of Russian civil laws. – M., Statute, 2005. – S. 318.
5. Nechaeva A. M. Russia and its children (child, law, state). – M., 2000. – S. 10.
6. Polyansky P. L. Formation of Family Law as a branch of Russia (Statement of the problem) // 2010. – No. 2. – P. 33.
7. Raskin D.I. Code of Laws of the Russian Empire. – St. Petersburg: Avrora, 2007. – S. 83-92.
8. Smirnovskaya S.I. On the issue of limiting the grounds for the emergence of parental rights under the legislation of the Russian Empire and the first family code of the RSFSR of 1918 // 2005. – T. 3. – No. 7. – P. 162-164.
9. Stradanchenkov A. S. Ancient Roman and Byzantine lessons of legislation and its continuity with Russian culture // Bulletin of the Udmurt University. – 2012. – No. 3. – P. 3-15.
10. An honest mirror of youth, or an indication for everyday behavior: Collected from various authors / Ed. comp. T. G. Tetenkina. – Kaliningrad, 2004. – P. 56.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
KABULOV Soslan Lvovich
postgraduate student of the K. L. Khetagurov North Ossetian State University
MODERNIZATION OF RELATIONS BETWEEN THE PRESIDENT AND PARLIAMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
On January 15, 2020, the head of state, in a message to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, proposed amendments to the Constitution of Russia. After two months, these amendments were adopted in the form of Law No. 1-FKZ “On improving the regulation of certain issues of the organization and functioning of public authorities”. The form of government in the country with the adoption of these amendments has changed significantly. The amendments led to the complete withdrawal of the head of state from the system of separation of powers. An analysis of the content of the amendments to the Basic Law of Russia in terms of relations between the head of state and parliament is presented.
Keywords: amendments; the Constitution of Russia; head of state; the president; institute of presidency; Federal Assembly.
Work bibliographic list
1. Message of the President of the Russian Federation to the Federal Assembly of January 15, 2020 “Message of the President to the Federal Assembly” // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. – 2020. – January 16.
2. Bezrukov A. V. Constitutional reform: main directions and ways to improve the configuration of public power in Russia // Constitutional and municipal law. – 2020. – No. 6. – P. 3-9.
3. Kireeva E. Yu., Nudnenko L. A., Tkhabisimova L. A. Trends in the legal regulation of interaction between the President of the Russian Federation and the Government of the Russian Federation // Constitutional and municipal law. – 2020. – No. 10. – P. 37-40.
4. Cherepanov V. A. On the necessity and expediency of constitutional changes // Russian justice. – 2020. – No. 8. – P. 35-38.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
ALESHIN Sergey Vasiljevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Administrative law disciplines sub-faculty of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
LEGALITY AS A FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE ACTIVITY OF THE POLICE
The article describes the principles of law, their relationship with the principles of administrative activities of the police. Par ticular attention is paid to the implementation of the principle of legality. It is concluded that the study of the rule of law as a principle of administrative activity of the police is important, since the rule of law is the content of the police.
Keywords: police, principles of police activity, principles of administrative activities of the police, legality, principle of legality.
Work bibliographic list
1. Theory of state and law: Textbook for universities / Ed. prof. V. M. Korelsky and prof. V. D. Perevalova. 2nd ed., rev. and additional – M .: Publishing house NORMA (Publishing group NORMA – INFRA-M), 2001.
2. Kelina S. G. On the principles of Soviet criminal law // Problems of Soviet criminal policy / Otv. ed. A. I. Korobeev. – Vladivostok, 1985.
3. Borisov G. A. On the system of principles operating in the legal sphere // Problems of jurisprudence. – Kyiv, 1976. – Issue. 34.
4. Maltsev VV Principles of criminal law. – Volgograd, 2001.
5. Administrative activities of the internal affairs bodies. Part general: textbook / Ed. A. P. Koreneva. – M., 1997.
6. Gromov N. A. Principles of the criminal process, their concept and system // State and law. – 1997. – No. 7.
7. Yakimov A. Yu. Principles of administrative-jurisdictional process // State and law. – 1999. – No. 5.
8. Strogovich M. S. Selected Works. In 3 vols. T. 1. Problems of the general theory of law. – M.: Nauka, 1990.
9. Criminal procedure law of the Russian Federation: textbook / Ed. ed. P. A. Lupinskaya. 2nd ed., revised. and additional – M.: Norma, 2009.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
BAGISHEV Oleg Alekseevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Legal regulation of business and applied jurisprudence sub-faculty of the Moscow Financial and Industrial University “Synergy”
CHANGES IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE CODE IN 2022
In 2022, the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation was significantly changed. Part of the changes directly concerns the sphere of entrepreneurship, significantly reducing the burden on business, which is especially important in the conditions of sanctions and the difficult economic situation in the country. If some of the changes give relief in some way for entrepreneurs, then with regard to other articles of the Administrative Code, on the contrary, the changes are designed to toughen the existing punishment, for example in the field of road transport management or regarding the payment of alimony. In the article, the author presents some changes in the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: administrative code, warning, lower limit of fine, administrative offense.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
BELYAEV Vladimir Aleksandrovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, professor of Criminal process law sub-faculty of the Crimean branch of the Russian State University of Justice
SOME ASPECTS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF GUARANTEES OF SOCIAL PROTECTION OF CITIZENS PARTICIPATING IN THE PROTECTION OF PUBLIC ORDER: ON THE MATERIALS OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA
The article analyzes the scientific literature and legislation in order to reveal the features of the legal regulation of guarantees of social protection of citizens participating in the protection of public order: on the materials of the Republic of Crimea.
Based on the analysis, amendments and additions to the current legislation of the Republic of Crimea are proposed, the norms of which regulate the guarantees of social protection of citizens participating in the protection of public order, namely: monthly monetary compensation for the purchase of food products; payment of annual monetary compensation for rehabilitation; payment of monthly monetary compensation for the nutrition of children in preschool educational organizations; provision of personal insurance for people’s combatants.
Keywords: guarantees, citizens, legal regulation, social protection, participation in the protection of public order, the Republic of Crimea.
Work bibliographic list
1. On the People’s Militia – the people’s squad of the Republic of Crimea: Law of the Republic of Crimea No. 22-ZRK dated June 17, 2014 (repealed). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.rg.ru/2014/07/09/krim-zakon22-reg-dok.html (date of access: 08/10/2022).
2. On the participation of citizens in the protection of public order: Federal Law of the Russian Federation of April 2, 2014 No. 44-FZ. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.rg.ru/2014/04/04/poryadok-dok.html (date of access: 08/10/2022).
3. Law of the Republic of Crimea dated October 26, 2016 “On Certain Issues of Citizens’ Participation in the Protection of Public Order in the Republic of Crimea”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://base.garant.ru/43812252/#block_1502 (date of access: 08/10/2022)
4. Law of the city of Sevastopol of 17 April. 2015 No. 128-ЗС “On the participation of citizens in the protection of public order in the city of Sevastopol”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://sevzakon.ru/view/laws/bank/04_2015/ob_uchastii_grazhdan_v_ohrane_obshhestvennogo_poryadka_v_gorode_sevastopole/tekst_zakona/ (date of access: 08/10/2022).
5. Law of the Republic Komi from 10 Nov. 2014 No. 134-РЗ “On some issues of citizens’ participation in the protection of public order in the territory of the Komi Republic”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://pravo.gov.ru/ (date of access: 08/10/2022).
6. Butkevich S. A. Participation of citizens in the protection of public order in the Crimean Federal District (theoretical and legal research) // Bulletin of the KRU of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2015. – No. 3 (29). – S. 60-65.
7. Sultanov K. A. On administrative and legal liability for violation of the rights of citizens involved in the protection of public order under the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation Uchenye zapiski Crimean Federal University named after V. I. Vernadsky Jurisprudence. – 2020. – T. 6 (72). – No. 4. – S. 327-334.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
IGNATJEVA Irina Valentinovna
Ph.D. in economical sciences, associate professor of General theoretical and state-legal disciplines sub-faculty of the Eastern Siberian branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Irkutsk
VLASOVA Elena Lvovna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor of General theoretical and state-legal disciplines sub-faculty of the Eastern Siberian branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Irkutsk
KIRILCHIK Elena Valerjevna
lecturer of General theoretical and state-legal disciplines sub-faculty of the Eastern Siberian branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Irkutsk
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES USED TO IMPROVE THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE STATE AND BUSINESS AND THEIR IMPACT ON LEGAL AWARENESS AND TRADITIONAL METHODS OF REGULATION
The presented paper examines the impact of digitalization of socio-economic relations on the development of forms and models of interaction between government and business. Today, the future of the country largely depends on the establishment of a constructive dialogue and cooperation between the government and business. The purpose of the study is to present the role of digitalization in establishing constructive interaction between government and business. The article examines the traditional models of the relationship between the state and business and shows the process of their change under the influence of digital technologies introduced into public administration. Improving the interaction of government and entrepreneurship is associated with the creation of opportunities for an active dialogue between business and government. Thus, with a significant reduction in the conditions of digital information exchange of opportunities for corruption activity, and vice versa, with an increase in the possibilities of operational feedback necessary for business, the legal awareness of entrepreneurs increases. Thus, digital transformation, without eliminating the dominance of the state in relations with business, allows us to streamline economic relations, significantly increase the level of entrepreneurial legal awareness.
Keywords: digitalization, interaction of government and business, forms and models, digital platforms, legal awareness.
Work bibliographic list
1. Volkovsky V. Formation of a mechanism for managing the interaction of authorities and business structures in the sphere of small and medium-sized businesses // Vestn. Ros. economy acad. them. G. V. Plekhanov. – 2010. – No. 1 (31). – S. 80-86.
2. Bondareva E. Forms of interaction between government and business in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation (on the example of the Voronezh region) // Constitutionalism and State Studies. – 2020. – No. 2 (18). – S. 20-31.
3. Ustaev R., Ustaeva M. Interaction between authorities and business structures through public-private partnership in the format of the digital economy // Actual problems of economics and management. – 2020. – No. 4 (28). – S. 66-69.
4. Budovskaya O. Business and power at the regional level: problems of interaction and development trends // Caspian region: politics, economics, culture. – 2011. – No. 4 (29). – S. 84-90.
5. Shevchenko E. Lobbyism in the structure of interaction between business and government // Vestn. Institute of Friendship of the Peoples of the Caucasus (Theory of Economics and Management of the National Economy). Economic sciences. – 2012. – No. 1 (21). – S. 19-24.
6. Ustaev R., Ustaeva M. Interaction between authorities and business structures through public-private partnership in the format of the digital economy // Actual problems of economics and management. – 2020. – No. 4 (28). – S. 66-69.
7. Woll K., Artigas A. When trade liberalization turns into regulatory reform: The impact on business – government relations in international trade politics // Regulation & Governanse, 2007. No. 1.-Pp. 121-138.
8. Order of the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of Russia dated August 1, 2018 No. 428 On approval of Clarifications (guidelines) on the development of regional projects within the framework of federal projects of the national program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation” // Laws, codes and regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://legalacts.ru/doc/prikaz-minkomsvjazi-rossii-ot-01082018-n-428-ob-utverzhdenii.
9. The figure will connect business and government // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://rg.ru/2019/01/14/dlia-vzaimodejstviia biznesa-i-vlasti-sozdadut-cifrovuiu-platformu.
10. Speransky V. K. Digital economy as an element of the fight against corruption // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2019. – No. 9 (136). – S. 292-294.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
KARIMOVA Gulnaz Yurisovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Administrative and legal disciplines sub-faculty of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE INSTITUTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE SUPERVISION OF PERSONS RELEASED FROM PLACES OF DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY
The article deals with some problematic issues arising in the framework of law enforcement by authorized entities, primarily by internal affairs bodies represented by the district police commissioner. It is noted that the prevention of the commission of administrative offenses and crimes by supervised persons is regulated in sufficient detail by regulatory legal acts and is implemented in due measure. Some statistical data on the commission of administrative offenses by supervised persons are analyzed. It is proposed to strengthen the work on improving the efficiency of interaction between various departments of the internal affairs bodies and the Federal Penitentiary Service.
Keywords: administrative supervision, administrative responsibility, legal status, supervised person, administrative offense.
Work bibliographic list
1. Nurislamov A. S. Problematic issues in the activities of the district police commissioner in the implementation of administrative supervision of persons released from places of deprivation of liberty // Materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference “Actual problems of the activity of the district police commissioner” Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V. Ya Kikotya. – February 2021
2. Federal Law No. 64-FZ of 06.04.2011 “On administrative supervision of persons released from places of deprivation of liberty”.
3. Information on the administrative practice of the internal affairs bodies // Statistical reporting form 565 for 2021: – M .: GIAC of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
4. Administrative offenses. Indicators for individual offenses // Judicial statistics of the Russian Federation. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.stat.api-press.rf (date of access: 09/08/2022).
5. The Constitution of the Russian Federation: text with amendments and additions as of July 1, 2020 [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
KULAKOV Nikolay Andreevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Administrative law sub-faculty of the St. Petersburg University of the MIA of Russia
GRIPP Elvina Kharisovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of State and legal disciplines sub-faculty of the North-Western branch of the Russian State University of Justice
YAKHINA Yuliya Kharisovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, Dean of the Faculty of Law of the Bashkir Academy of Public Service and Management under the Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan
LEGAL STATUS OF STATE AND MUNICIPAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: PUBLIC LEGAL ASPECT
The study focuses on public-legal and, in particular, administrative-legal aspects of the legal status of state and municipal institutions. The authors justify that in matters of legislative regulation of legal status, registration and reorganization, as a way of creating such institutions, the legislator is not always consistent and systematic. During the study, a conclusion was formulated on the need to adopt a single legislative act on state and municipal institutions.
Keywords: non-profit organization; state institution; a budgetary institution; autonomous institution; administrative and legal status.
Work bibliographic list
1. Spiridonov P.E. Non-profit organizations as subjects of administrative law // Lex russica. 2019. No. 1. S. 51-61.
2. Gabov A.V. Reorganization of the institution // Bulletin of the Arbitration Court of the Moscow District. 2020. No. 1. S. 80-85.
3. Dushkin A.V. Features of the property status of state institutions // Technique and safety of objects of the penitentiary system: collection of materials of the international scientific and practical conference. Voronezh, 2013, pp. 430-435.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
PEGANOVA Yuliya Aleksandrovna
lecturer of Administrative and financial law sub-faculty of the North-Western Institute (branch) of the O. E. Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), competitor of Administrative and financial sub-faculty of the North-Western Institute (branch) of the O. E. Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM IN THE FIELD OF FOREST RELATIONS IN RUSSIA AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES
The article analyzes the modern system of public administration in the field of forest relations in Russia and foreign countries: Canada, USA, Brazil and Germany. The states for comparative analysis were chosen by the author according to the following criteria: the form of government is a federation; the largest area of forests on a global scale; stable development of the country’s forest complex. The author highlights common features and differences that could become a prospect for development and exchange of experience.
Keywords: public administration, forest, forest relations, executive authorities, comparative analysis.
Work bibliographic list
1. Gray J.A. Canadian experience in organizing forest concessions // Sustainable Forest Management. – 2004. – No. 1. – P. 28.
2. Petrov A.P. Conceptual approach to the formation of a forest management system (theory and practice) // Problems of forest legislation and ways to improve it / Ed. I. V. Gruzdeva. – Vologda: VolNTs RAS, 2019. – S. 60-61.
3. Organization of forest management and forest floor Uses in Canada: the impressions of the participants of the GFTN Russia experience exchange trip // Sustainable Forest Management. – 2011 – No. 2 (27). // Official site of WWF. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://wwf.ru/upload/iblock/667/10-_5_.pdf (date of access: 20.09.2022).
4. Petrov V.P. The system of state and municipal forest management in Germany // LesPromInform. – 2015. – No. 6 (112). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://lesprominform.ru/jarticles.html?id=4178.
5. Sizer N., Rice R. Backs to the wall in Suriname: Forest policy in country in crisis. – Washington D.C.: World Resources Institute, 1995.
6. Gray Towers Forest Management Experience in the United States // Mega Florestais. – 2006. – October 17. – [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: https://www.fs.usda.gov/speeches/forest-management-experience-united-states (accessed 09/20/2022).
7. Thorsten Franz. Geschichte der deutschen Forstverwaltung. – Germany, 2020. – P. 330-332.

AGRICULTURAL LAW
SAITBATALOVA Venera Tuhfatovna
senior lecturer of Theory and history of state and law sub-faculty of the Sibai Institute (branch) of the Bashkir State University
RAKHMATULLIN Ildar Mazhitovich
associate professor of civil and criminal law and process sub-faculty of the Sibai Institute (branch) of the Bashkir State University
THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVING LEGISLATION ON THE LEGAL REGULATION OF THE PRODUCTION AND SALE OF ORGANIC PRODUCTS
The article discusses the problems of production and sale of organic products and suggests ways to improve legislation on the production and sale of organic products. Various options for the development of legislation in the field of organic production are analyzed. One of the priorities is to work with foreign countries on mutual recognition of standards in the field of organic products. It also seems to give the appropriate powers to the federal executive authorities in order to control the falsification of organic products.
Keywords: organic products, labeling, regulatory regulation, consumer, import, law.
Work bibliographic list
1. Volkova T. I. Production and certification of organic products after the adoption of No. 280-FZ // Product quality control. – 2018. – No. 10. – S. 19-21.
2. Gorchakov Ya. V. Trends in development and market aspects of world organic farming. – Barnaul: Az Buka, 2004. – 256 p.
3. Zanilov A. Kh. Organization of organic agricultural production in Russia: Information edition / Ed. ed. Yu. N. Egorov. – M.: FGBNU “Rosinformagrotech”, 2018. – 124 p.
4. Zezin N. N. Ecological farming in the Middle Urals: assessment of agricultural resources and forecast of opportunities // Fields of the Urals. – 2004. – No. 2. – S. 2-4.

CIVIL LAW
RAKHIMZODA Mahmad Zabir
Ph.D. in Law, professor, corresponding member of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan
ABDUJALILOV Abdujabar
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, Head of the Department of Private Law of the Institute of Philosophy, Political Science and Law of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan
ON THE ISSUE OF CHOOSING THE OPTIMAL APPROACHES TO STUDYING CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS ON THE INTERNET
The article is dedicated to the search for the most optimal approaches to the study of contractual relations in the field of the Internet. Practically all theoretical approaches to the development of the theory of contracts on the Internet that exist today in the science of law are analyzed. It is concluded that there is no uniform approach to the development of scientific theoretical foundations of the Internet, and the most acceptable vectors of development of this theory are proposed.
Keywords: contract, Internet, scientific theory, legal regulation, cyberspace, information, digital law, ambivalence.
Work bibliographic list
1. Abdujalilov A. Theoretical problems of civil legal relations on the Internet. – Dushanbe, 2015. – P. 18.
2. Abdujalilov A. Main provisions of the Internet ambivalence theory // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2016. – No. 1. – P. 335-340.
3. Arkhipov V.V. Internet law. – M.: Yurayt, 2016. – P. 44.
4. Baturin Yu.M. “Theoretical problems of computer law”. – M.: 1991.
4. Dashyan M. Law of information highways. – M.: Wolters Kluver, 2007.
Deineko A.G. The Law of Cyberspace: Pro et contra. On Sat. “Law in the field of the Internet. – M.: Statute, 2018. – S. 276.
5. Goloskokov L.V. Theory of network law. – M.: MPSU, 2012.
6. Castells Manuel. Information Age: Economics, Society and Culture / Ed. O.I. Shkaratana. – M.: GU HSE, 2000. – P. 77.
7. Rassolov I.M. Law and the Internet. – M.: Norma, 2009. – 384 p.
8. Rakhimzoda M.Z. Selected works. – Dushanbe, Bukhoro, 2014.
9. Tedeev A.A. Information law (Internet law). – M.: Eksmo, 2005.
10. Digital law: textbook / Ed. ed. V.V. Blazheeva, M.A. Egorova. – M.: Prospekt, 2022. – P. 36.
11. Lessing L. The Laws of Cyberspace. – Draft: April 3, 1998.

CIVIL LAW
ANANJEV Oleg Borisovich
senior lecturer of Social psychology and social work sub-faculty of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
KOSHELYUK Bogdan Evgenjevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty of the Institute of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
GROUNDS FOR TERMINATION OF FACULTATIVE OBLIGATIONS
The article analyzes the grounds for termination of obligations. The authors consider the termination of facultative obligations through the main ways of termination of obligations. This paper states that the termination of facultative obligations is directly opposite to their occurrence. This is due to the fact that, first of all, the legal connection of the subjects of the obligation is broken, the debtor no longer complies with the rules of conduct, and the trustee does not require a certain behavior from the debtor. It is noted that the facultative obligation performs the function of maintaining the balance of interests of the creditor and the debtor.
Keywords: facultative obligations, civil law, fulfillment of obligations, debtor, creditor.
Work bibliographic list
1. Shvetsov A. S. Optional obligation and compensation: the specifics of structures and criteria for delimitation // Issues of Russian justice. – 2019. – No. 4. – P. 270-279.
2. Klepikova O. G. Peculiarities of legal regulation of facultative fulfillment of an obligation // Legal Gnoseology. – 2017. – No. 3-4. – S. 28-30.
3. Dzhumagulov D. D. Basic provisions on facultative obligations // Skif. Issues of student science. – 2018. – No. 10 (26). – S. 52-54.

CIVIL LAW
ANANJEVA Ekaterina Olegovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty of the Institute for Training State and Municipal Employees of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
IVLIEV Pavel Valentinovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty of the Institute for Training State and Municipal Employees of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
IMPLEMENTATION AND PROBLEMS OF DIGITALIZATION IN CERTAIN REGIONS OF RUSSIA
The article is dedicated to the current direction of state policy – digitalization of civil society. Recent changes in political and economic relations in the world community, the emergence of new social risks, the introduction of lockdown regimes have led to the need for widespread introduction of digital technologies and their use in all spheres of human life. Expanding the capabilities of the digital platform of public services, Internet banking, and even changing the norms of civil legislation, which legitimized new objects of civil rights, namely digital rights, are the realities of the present time. However, even such changes are not enough for the normal further development of civil society. Disconnecting Russians from certain services of foreign origin, insufficient provision of digital resources in the Russian hinterlands, the inability and unwillingness of the elderly population to use digital platforms today forms the basis of the problems that the state will have to solve by investing in the development of the IT industry of the regions a sufficiently large amount of resources that, based on scientific research and their results, our state should promote and the society will take the leading place in digitalization in the world and make Russia the country of technologies of the future .
Keywords: civil legislation, digital technologies, regional development, problems of establishment, regulatory and legal solution.
Work bibliographic list:
1. Anan’eva E.O., Shmaeva T.A. Man – society – state: issues of mandatory digitalization of civil society // Theory of State and Law. 2022. No. 1 (26). pp. 11-21.
2. Makhiboroda M., Ananyeva E., Doucek I.P. changes in transport activity regulation in the context of the Coronavirus pandemic // In the collection: E3S Web of Conferences. Ser. “International Scientific and Practical Conference “Development of the Agro-industrial Complex in the Context of Robotization and Digitalization of Production in Russia and Abroad”, DAIC 2020″ 2020. P. 5006.
3. Anan’eva E.O., Ivliev P.V. Problematic issues of the development of commercial health care in conditions of restrictions and social risks // Man: crime and punishment. 2022. V. 30. No. 2. S. 171-182.
4. The author of the project “Digital Valley of the Kama Region” Anton Nemkin met with doctors // 59.ru – news of Perm. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://59.ru/text/gorod/2021/05/17/69918539/ (accessed 15.08.2022).

CIVIL LAW
GRISHIN Sergey Mikhaylovich
competitor of Civil law and process and international private law sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Peoples Friendship University of Russia, lawyer, Moscow Bar Association “Intellectual Solutions”
ODINTSOV Stanislav Valerjevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Civil law and process and international private law of the Institute of Law of the Peoples Friendship University of Russia
DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN GLOBAL HEALTHCARE: REGULATION, IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
The article provides es an analysis of modern trends in the digitalization of healthcare, which has gained momentum in recent decades. Special attention is paid to the following main areas in the field of digital healthcare: artificial intelligence in healthcare; telehealth protection; mobile healthcare; electronic medical records. Practical aspects of the introduction of digital healthcare in the prevention and treatment of patients are considered on the example of a number of countries. The key problems are identified and legal solutions are proposed.
Keywords: digital healthcare (e-health), artificial intelligence (AI), telehealth, telemedicine, mobile healthcare, electronic medical records.
Work bibliographic list
1. Kirtava Z, Gegenava T, Gegenava M. mHealth for Cardiac Patients Telemonitoring and Integrated Care. In: IEEE 15th International Conference on e-Health Networking, Applications and Services (Healthcom), Lisbon, Portugal, 9-12 October 2013. New York: IEEE; 2013:21–25. doi:10.1109/HealthCom.2013.6720631. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: (http://www.researchgate.net/publication/263854047_mHealth_for_Cardiac_Patients_Telemonitoring_and_Integrated_Care (accessed: 12/17/2015).
2. Odintsov S. V., Stebletsov I. V. E-health: analysis of practice, regulation and principles of functioning // Modern Law. – No. 12. – 2020. DOI 10.25799/NI.2020.88.17.010.
3. From innovation to implementation. eHealth in the WHO European Region. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/310455/From-Innovation-to-Implementation-eHealth-Report-EU-ru.pdf (accessed 30.08.2022 ).
4. Telemedicine: opportunities and development in Member States. Report on the results of the second global survey on eHealth, 2009 – Geneva: World Health Organization, 2012. (Global Observatory on eHealth series. – Volume 2. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http:// apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/44497/4/9789244564141_eng.pdf?ua=1 (accessed 8 April 2016);
5. eHealth in the WHO European Region. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/310455/From-Innovation-to-Implementation-eHealth-Report-EU-en.pdf.

CIVIL LAW
DEMESHKO Evgeniya Dmitrievna
student of the 4th course of the Crimean branch of the Russian State University of Justice
FIRSOVA Alyona Alekseevna
lecturer of General professional disciplines sub-faculty of the SBPEI of the city of Moscow “College of Police”
YATSENKO Anastasia Olegovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, Head of Civil and arbitration proceedings sub-faculty of the Crimean branch of the Russian State University of Justice
IMPLEMENTATION OF CONCILIATION PROCEDURES IN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS
The article examines the institution of reconciliation in civil proceedings. When analyzing the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the signs, meaning and purpose of conciliatory procedures are highlighted. To determine the effectiveness of introducing conciliation procedures into civil procedure legislation, judicial practice with reconciliation of the parties was considered, and judicial statistics on the use of conciliation procedures in civil proceedings were presented in accordance with the reports of the Judicial Department of the Russian Federation . The proposals derive a definition of “conciliatory procedures”, and also propose the creation of conciliatory cabinets and posting information about new opportunities for the parties to resolve the dispute faster with minimal costs. These provisions can be used for further theoretical study of conciliatory procedures in civil proceedings.
Keywords: institute of reconciliation, civil procedure, conciliation procedures, mediation, dispute settlement, reconciliation of the parties.
Work bibliographic list
1. Aborkina A. S. Legal regulation of conciliation procedures in civil proceedings // Modern Jurisprudence – Penza: Science and Education, 2018. – P. 317-321.
2. Machuchina OA The main components of conciliation procedures // Nauka. Society. State. – 2017. – V. 5. – No. 3 (19). – S. 53-57.

CIVIL LAW
KURMANBAYEV Melis Mazhitovich
senior lecturer in Civil law sub-faculty of the Ural State University of Economics
ON THE ISSUE OF CIVIL LAW REGULATION OF HOUSING AND COMMUNAL SERVICES
The article deals with the issues of civil law regulation of housing and communal services, their legal characteristics as objects of civil law are given. The duality of housing and communal services is emphasized, which is expressed both in the performance of work and the provision of services, the general result of which is the satisfaction of the demand (need) of an individual consumer and the creation of an intangible benefit – comfortable living conditions and activities of this consumer. The concepts of “housing and communal services”, “housing service” and “communal service” are formulated.
Keywords: object of legal relationship, material goods, works, services, housing and communal services, housing services, utilities.
Work bibliographic list
1. Meyer D. I. Russian civil law: in 2 hours / D. I. Meyer; Moscow state un-t, law faculty, ka. civil rights. – 2nd ed., Rev. (Corrected and supplemented by the 8th ed., 1902). – M.: Statute, 2000. – 830 p.
2. Russian civil law: Textbook: in 2 volumes. T. I: General part. Property law. Inheritance law. Intellectual rights. Personal non-property rights // Otv. ed. E. A. Sukhanova. – M.: Statute, 2010. – T. 1. – 958 p.
3. Civil law: Textbook / O. V. Gutnikov, A. S. Gutnikova, S. D. Radchenko and others // Ed. O. N. Sadikova. – M.: CONTRACT, INFRA-M, 2006. – T. 1. – 493 p.
4. Dictionary of the Russian language: Ok. 60,000 words and phraseological expressions / S. I. Ozhegov; ed. Prof. L. I. Skvortsova. – 25th ed., Rev. and additional – M .: Oniks Publishing House LLC: Mir and Education Publishing House LLC, 2008. – 1328 p.
5. Stepanov D. Services as objects of civil rights // Russian justice. – 2000. – No. 2. – P. 23.
6. Shershenevich G. F. Textbook of Russian civil law. – T. II. – 462 p.
7. Marx K., Engels F. Cit.: Izd. 2nd. – M.: Gospolitizdat. – T. 26. – Part 1. – 476 p.
8. Gongalo B. M. Favorites: volume 3. Civil law. 2015-2021. – Moscow: Status. – 542 p.
9. Kudashkin A. V. Housing Law: Textbook / A. V. Kudashkin. – Moscow: ITs RIOR: NITs INFRA-M, 2014. – 168 p. (Higher education: Bachelor’s degree). ISBN 978-5-369-01066-2. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://znanium.com/catalog/product/438557 (date of access: 09/15/2022).
10. Grushevaya E. P. Obligations to provide services in economic relations // Soviet state and law. – 1982. – No. 1. – P. 67.
11. Sherstobitov A. E. Civil law regulation of contractual relations in the service sector. – M., 1987 – S. 45.

CIVIL LAW
LITVINOVA Darya Valerjevna
magister student of the MGIMO (U) of the MIA of Russia
TSAREGRADSKAYA Yuliya Konstantinovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil and arbitration process sub-faculty of the Odintsovo branch of the MGIMO (U) of the MFA of Russia
LEGAL REGULATION OF MEDIA INDUSTRY IN SOUTH KOREA
The COVID-19 pandemic forced consumers to purchase not only goods, but also content through various streaming platforms. In this regard, questions arise concerning the legislative regulation of the entertainment industry, which includes various forms of media, such as: movies, music, games. Despite the fact that the media market is headed by companies located in the United States, for example, YouTube and Netflix, recently, consumers are increasingly paying attention to content that was created in South Korea (for example, the TV series “The Squid Game “, the film “Parasites” and a new musical genre: K-pop). One of the factors of the rapid spread of South Korean culture around the world is a favorable legal framework that creates all the necessary conditions for the development of the online entertainment industry.
Keywords: e-commerce, Netflix, mass media, information law.
Work bibliographic list
1. Korean group BTS held the biggest online concert in history // REGNUM. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cutt.ly/JT7oFr0 (accessed 11/30/2021).
2. South Korean provider sued Netflix over The Squid Game // RBC. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cutt.ly/eT7pnm3 (date of access: 11/30/2021).
3. Act on promotion of information and communications network utilization and information protection, etc. // Korea Law Translation Center. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cutt.ly/OT7ptp0 (Accessed: 11/30/2021).
4. BTS Announce Another Online Concert Event, Bang Bang Con 2021 // Forbes. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cutt.ly/4T7oKCU (accessed 11/30/2021).
5. E-Commerce: Overview // Korea Fair Trade Commission. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cutt.ly/0T7pzPk (date of access: 11/30/2021).
6. Enforcement Decree of the Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Law (Presidential Decree No. 10267 of April 1, 1981, as amended up to Presidential Decree No. 15328 of March 31, 1997) // WiPO Lex. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cutt.ly/qT7psyF (accessed 11/30/2021).
7. Promotion of the motion pictures and video products act // Korea Law Translation Center. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cutt.ly/zT7o4f8 (accessed 11/30/2021).
8. Telecommunications business act // Korea Law Translation Center. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cutt.ly/3T7oCWl (accessed 11/30/2021).
9. The Media and Entertainment Law Review: South Korea // The Law Reviews. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cutt.ly/0T7phGI (accessed 11/30/2021).

CIVIL LAW
Marks Yuliya Aliljevna
Ph.D. in political sciences, Head of Civil law disciplines sub-faculty of the ANO HE «International « Academy VPA, Tula
HONOR, DIGNITY AND BUSINESS REPUTATION AND THE MECHANISM OF THEIR LEGAL PROTECTION
The article reveals the essence of the concepts of honor, dignity and business reputation. A critical analysis of the existing approaches to the legal essence of the mechanism for the implementation and legal protection of the right has been carried out. On this basis, the author highlights the key elements of the mechanism for the legal protection of the honor, dignity and business reputation of individuals and legal entities.
Keywords: honor, dignity, business reputation, mechanism of legal protection.
Work bibliographic list
1. “Universal Declaration of Human Rights” (adopted by the UN General Assembly on 12/10/1948) // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. – 04/05/1995. – No. 67.
2. “Charter of the United Nations” (adopted in San Francisco on June 26, 1945) // Collection of existing treaties, agreements and conventions concluded by the USSR with foreign states. Issue. XII, – M., 1956. – S. 14-47.
3. The Constitution of the Russian Federation (adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993) // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. – December 25, 1993. – No. 237.
4. The Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of June 13, 1996 No. 63-FZ // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. – 06/17/1996. – No. 25. – Art. 2954.
5. Civil Code of the Russian Federation dated November 30, 1994. No. 51-FZ (Part 1) // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. – 1994. – No. 32. – Art. 3301.
6. Andreev Yu. N. The mechanism of civil law protection. – M.: NORMA: INFRA-M, 2010. – 462 p.
7. Berdyugin S. R., Evdakimov N. S. Problems of protection of civil rights // Interactive Science. – 2018. – No. 6 (28). – S. 99-100.
8. Gavrilov E. V. On the latest practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in cases of protection of honor, dignity and business reputation defamed on the Internet // Perm Legal Almanac. – 2019. – No. 2. – P. 211-217.
9. Maiorov A.V. Slander as a criminally punishable act // Bulletin of the Ural Institute of Economics, Management and Law. – 2019. – No. 1 (46). – S. 66-71.
10. Matuzov N. I. Legal system and personality. – Saratov, 1987. – 431 p.
11. Reidel L. B., Krasilova N. V. Problems of protecting the business reputation of legal entities // Legal policy and legal life. – 2020. – No. 2. – P. 112-118.
12. Ryabinin N. A. Features of understanding the subjective right to protect civil rights // Legal Science and Law Enforcement Practice. – 2018. – No. 2 (44). – S. 14-19.
13. Sitkova O. Yu. The mechanism of protection of subjective rights: civil law and family law aspects // Bulletin of the Saratov State Law Academy. – 2015. – No. 3 (104). – S. 78-83.
14. The courts acquitted almost 40% of those accused of libel. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://rg.ru/2021/04/12/sudy-opravdali-pochti-40-procentov-obviniaemyh-v-klevete.html (date of access: 20.09.2022).

CIVIL LAW
MAZANAEV Murad Shabanovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil law sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Dagestan State University
KHANARSLANOVA Zakhbat Daniyalbekovna
master student of the Institute of Law of the Dagestan State University
THE PRACTICE OF APPLYING A PENALTY AS A WAY TO ENSURE THE FULFILLMENT OF OBLIGATIONS UNDER A CONTRACT
The security of obligations in the form of a forfeit is determined by the imperfection of the legislation, which is formulated in the fact that the legislation does not give the concept of a fine and a penalty, the legislator has not formulated clear measures to reduce the penalty, and the types of penalties in relation to losses are contained in the chapter “Liability for violation of obligations”, and a forfeit is a method of securing the fulfillment of an obligation. The elements and content of the contract are disclosed, the types of contract are considered, the problems of conclusion, execution, termination and liability under the contract are investigated, as well as various ways to ensure the fulfillment of obligations.
Keywords: penalty, work contract, contract agreement.
Work bibliographic list
1. Dolinskaya V. V., Morgunova E. A., Shevchenko O. M. Civil law. Rights objects. Textbook for bachelors. – M.: Prospekt, 2020.
2. Lazareva T. P. Legal regulation of the transfer of creditor rights in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (conflict issues) // Journal of Russian Law. – 2018. – No. 5.
3. Fomicheva N. V., Strokova O. G. Civil law. A common part. Textbook and workshop for bachelor’s and specialist’s degree. – M.: Yurayt, 2019.
4. Khokhlov V. A. General provisions on obligations: textbook. – M.: Statute, 2017.
5. Ayusheeva I. Z., Bogdanova E. E., Bulaevsky B. A. Civil law. Textbook. In 2 volumes. Volume 1. – M .: Prospect, 2020.
6. Civil law: textbook: in 2 volumes / S. S. Alekseev, O. G. Alekseeva, K. P. Belyaev and others; ed. B. M. Gongalo. 3rd ed., revised. and additional – M.: Statute, 2018.
7. Ivanova E. V. Civil law. Special part. Textbook and workshop for open source software. – M.: Yurayt, 2019.
8. Koryakin V. M., Taradonov S. V. Civil law in schemes. A common part. Tutorial. – M.: Prospekt, 2020.
9. Morozov A., Klochikhina S. On the transfer of the creditor’s rights to another person // Economics and Life. – 2017. – No. 10.
10. Terekhov A. V. Subrogation in the modern civil law of Russia (questions of theory and practice): dis. … cand. legal Sciences. – M., 2018.
11. Shcherbakova A. Yu. Concept, nature and signs of subrogation, correlation with cession and regress // Letter of the law. – 2017.

CIVIL LAW
MASALIMOVA Albina Almazovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil law sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Bashkir State University
THE PROBLEMS WITH THE EXECUTION OF THE TESTAMENATARY REFUSAL FOR RESIDENTIAL PREMISES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article examines some practical problems when a testamentary refusal is drawn up in relation to a living space. The author identified the main problems, such as: the problems of encumbrance of residential premises with a testamentary refusal and the release of residential premises from such encumbrance, the problem of exercising the right to use residential premises under a testamentary refusal and other problems. The conclusion was made about the insufficient level of legal regulation of the testamentary refusal on the indicated problems and the optimal ways to solve them were proposed.
Keywords: testamentary refusal, imitation of the property rights, right to use dwelling on the basis, encumbrance of the dwelling.
Article-by-article bibliographic list
1. Kolodub G.V. Problems of encumbrance of residential premises under testamentary refusal // Bulletin of the Saratov State Law Academy. 2019. No. 6 (131). pp. 108-111.
2. Schlotgauer M.A. Legal status of persons retaining the right to use residential real estate after its alienation to the buyer // Bulletin of the Omsk State University. 2011. No. 1. S. 119-125.
3. Tymchuk Yu.A. Notarial certification of real estate transactions in the conditions of informatization of notarial activity: current trends // Notary. 2018 No. 8. S. 24-27.
4. Petrovicheva E.A. Legal problems of testamentary refusal in modern inheritance law // Alley of science: scientific and practical journal. 2017. No. 8. S. 549-554.
5. Shilokhvost O.Yu. Novels of inheritance law in the new Housing Code of the Russian Federation (critical analysis) // Journal of Russian Law. 2005. No. 8. S. 53-64.
6. Dozhdev D.V. Roman private law: a textbook for universities. M.: Norma, 1996. 704 p.
7. Vaseva Yu.N. Execution of testamentary renunciations and assignments: problems of legal regulation // Proceedings of the II International Scientific and Practical Conference (Perm, Perm State National Research University, October 28–29, 2011). Perm: Perm State National Research University, 2011, pp. 96-98.
8. Akhmetyanova Z.A. On the right in rem to use a dwelling by virtue of a testamentary refusal // Inheritance Law. 2007. No. 1. S. 21-25.
9. Deryugina T.V. Limits of discretion of the owner in the implementation of housing rights // Yurist-Pravoved. 2009. No. 3. S. 68-71.
10. Besik N.V., Besik K.S. Problems of legal regulation of the use of residential premises by legatees and rent recipients // Siberian Legal Bulletin. 2016. No. 1. S. 49-58.

CIVIL LAW
ANANJEVA Ekaterina Olegovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty of the Institute for Training State and Municipal Employees of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
IVLIEV Pavel Valentinovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty of the Institute for Training State and Municipal Employees of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
ISSUES OF ACQUIRING FULL LEGAL CAPACITY UNDER THE LEGISLATION OF RUSSIA
This article discusses the rules governing the acquisition of full legal capacity by minors in Russia ahead of schedule. Examples of various branches of law on the real state of emancipated citizens are considered. The differences between the acquired legal capacity and the acquired one in connection with reaching the age of the majority are indicated. Examples are given, taking into account the norms of federal laws, about the impossibility of emancipated citizens to enjoy their rights on an equal basis with persons who have reached the age of majority and have received full legal capacity.
Keywords: civil legislation, family law, full legal capacity, human and civil rights, acquisition, emancipation.
Work bibliographic list
1. Age for marriage: legal regulation. – Electronic resource. – Access mode: https://www.law.ru/blog/22101-vozrast-dlya-vstupleniya-v-brak-pravovoe-regulirovanie (date of access: 07/17/2022).
2. Recognition of marriage as invalid and the legal consequences of this. Department of registration of acts of civil status of the Kurgan region. – Electronic resource. – Access mode: http://zags.kurganobl.ru/priznanie_braka_nedejstvitelnym (date of access: 07/17/2022).
3. Emansipatsiya_nesovershennoletnikh.pdf. – Electronic resource. – Access mode: https://mvd.rf/upload/site130/_docs/_pravo_inf/emansipatsiya (date of access: 17 .07.2022).
4. Declaring a fully capable (emancipated) minor. – Electronic resource. – Access mode: https://www.orel-adm.ru/ru/about/announce/obyavlenie-polnostyu-deesposobnym-emansipirovannym-nesovershennoletnego (date of access: 07/17/2022).

CIVIL LAW
PETROV Nikolay Vladimirovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty of the North Caucasian Federal University
CIVIL LEGAL ASPECT OF STATE PARTICIPATION IN AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE
Purpose: in addition to the existing scientific theories, to substantiate the civil law aspect of the state’s participation in the legal relationship of agricultural insurance.
Results: strengthening of the scientific position that justifies the possibility of the participation of the state as an independent entity in civil law relations in agricultural insurance.
Novelty/originality/value: the scientific article is an independent author’s research directed at scientific substantiation of the role of the state in civil law relations.
Keywords: insurance, legal entity, state, civil law aspect, legal relationship.
Work bibliographic list
1. Lebedev K.K. Entrepreneurial and commercial law: systemic aspects (entrepreneurial and commercial law in the system of law and legislation, the system of legal sciences and academic disciplines). St. Petersburg: Press, 2002. 318 p.
2. Determination of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of April 4, 2016 No. 305-ES16-1726 in case No. A40-147613 / 2014 // Official portal of the Federal Arbitration Courts of the Russian Federation [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://kad.arbitr.ru/Document/Pdf/36f4ab79-9280-4c91-add9-ef3169dbe849/4cd78174-841f-4810-83b2-99049e4cf9be/A40-1476132014_20160404_Opredelenie.pdf? 07/04/2022).
3. Determination of the Judicial Collegium for Economic Disputes of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated February 21, 2017 No. 305-KG16-14941 in case No. A40-89628 / 2015 // ATP Consultant Plus [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?rnd=FA437DED95E11DA51550816AA5452998&req=doc&base=ARB&n=491505&REFFIELD=134&REFDST=100051&REFDOC=527053&REFBASE=ARB&stat=1%3Dbbskoindex ( accessed 04.07.2022).
4. Determination of the Judicial Collegium for Economic Disputes of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated February 1, 2018 No. 305-KG17-16017 in case No. A40-174421 / 2016 // ATP Consultant Plus. [Electronic resource]. – Режим доступа: http://www.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc&ts=929846471013045914843678474&cacheid=5032DA1AD89AA3359C20FE1856337837&mode=splus&base=ARB&n=527053&rnd=1B4080B05EF573FC96FCBBEB7BA5584D#2jbbj94lffk (дата обращения 04.07.2022г.).
5. Determination of the Judicial Collegium for Economic Disputes of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated December 6, 2018 No. 305-ES18-13693 in case No. A40-127362 / 2017 // Official portal of the Federal Arbitration Courts of the Russian Federation. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://kad.arbitr.ru/Document/Pdf/e1716ba1-e1e9-4b96-8ed8-c8a0d817ef00/a2f7941d-02c6-44f5-8b0c-dec5e082ba4a/A40-127362-2017_20181206_Opredelenie.pdf? accessed 04.07.2022)
6. Decree of the Plenum of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation of June 22, 2006 No. 23 (as amended on May 28, 2019) “On Some Issues of Application by Arbitration Courts of the Norms of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation” // Bulletin of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation. No. 8. August. 2006.
7. Rules for insurance (standard) of agricultural crops, planting of perennial plantations, carried out with state support // Official website of the National Union of Agricultural Insurers (NUA). [Electronic resource]. Access mode: http://www.naai.ru/zakonodatelstvo/pravila_strakhovaniya_standartnye_urozhaya_selskokhozyaystvennykh_kultur_posadok_mnogoletnikh_nasazh/pravila_strakhovaniya_standartnye_urozhaya_selskokhozyaystvennykh_kultur_posadok_mnogoletnikh_nasazh/ (Accessed: 202.02.07).
8. Decision of the Arbitration Court of the Kursk Region dated December 1, 2017 in case No. А35-6005/2017 // Official portal of the Federal Arbitration Courts of the Russian Federation. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://kad.arbitr.ru/Document/Pdf/1eefc85f-97c1-4ae3-939a-9f44aa627a17/e0314179-8a0b-470a-8f74-100993ed71d/A35-6005-2017_20171201_Reshenie.pdf?isAddStamp( accessed 04.07.2022).
9. Decision of the Arbitration Court of the Republic of Tatarstan dated January 22, 2019 in case No. А65-27359/2018 // Official portal “Judicial and regulatory acts of the Russian Federation”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://sudact.ru/arbitral/doc/pwkiJwdfCOVr/?arbitraltxt=denial+of+government+support+insurance+harvest&arbitral-case_doc=&arbitral-lawchunkinfo=&arbitral-doc_type=&arbitraldate_from=&arbitral-date_to=&arbitral -region=&arbitral-court=&arbitral-judge=&arbitral participant=&_=1563458565741&snippet_pos=2122#snippet (accessed 07/04/2022).
10. Russian civil law: Textbook: In 2 vols. T. I: General part. Property law. Inheritance law. Intellectual rights. Personal non-property rights / Otv. ed. E.A. Sukhanov. 2nd ed., stereotype. M.: Statut, 2011. 958 p.
11. Ryzhenkov A.Ya. Basic principles (pr principles) of Russian civil legislation and related branches of law. M., 2015. 204 p.
12. Ryzhenkov A.Ya. Equality and hierarchy in civil law // Modern law. 2012. No. 9. S. 52-55;
13. Sadikov O.N. Civil Law Categories in Public Law // Journal of Russian Law. 2011. No. 9. S. 19-27.
14. Suslikov V.N. Legal status of the state as a single subject of civil legal relations // Law and education. 2006. No. 5. S. 105-111.

CIVIL LAW
ULAEVA Nataliya Lvovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Theory and history of law and state sub-faculty of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
FEATURES OF THE POWERS OF LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT BODIES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF RECONSTRUCTION, REPAIR AND CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS OF LOCAL SIGNIFICANCE
The article examines the legal features and specifics of the powers of local self-government bodies (municipalities) to carry out the improvement of local territories by carrying out works on reconstruction, repair and construction of roads, highlights some problems of law enforcement practice
Keywords: landscaping, urban development, local self-government, issues of local importance, construction, reconstruction, repair, project documentation.


CIVIL LAW
TUMANOV Eldar Valerjevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of the Russian University of Transport
PROBLEMS OF PRE-CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY IN THE CIVIL LAW OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article discusses the current aspects of the institution of pre-contractual liability in the modern civil legislation of the Russian Federation. Being a positive example of borrowing foreign experience into the Russian legal system, the institute of pre-contractual liability is characterized by limited experience in law enforcement and the presence of certain flaws in determining the grounds and conditions for the occurrence of pre-contractual liability. The purpose of pre-contractual liability is to restore the rights of the victim of unfair behavior of the counterparty. The effectiveness of the institution of pre-contractual liability is directly dependent on the operation of the principle of good faith and its judicial interpretation, since good faith is a casuistic category. As a result, the conclusion is made about the decisive importance of judicial practice in the development of explicit criteria for conscientious or unscrupulous behavior.
Keywords: pre-contractual liability, contract conclusion, lost profit, negative interest, unfair behavior.
Work bibliographic list
1. Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part One) dated November 30, 1994 No. 51-FZ (as amended on February 25, 2022) // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. – 1994. – No. 32. – Art. 3301; No. 9 (part I). – 02/28/2022. – Art. 1252.
2. Resolution of the Arbitration Court of the Moscow District dated November 29, 2017 in case No. А41-90214/2016. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.eg-online.ru/document/adjudication/363916/ (date of access: 09/01/2022).
3. Abdulin R. R. Legal nature of pre-contractual relations // Russian justice. – 2021. – No. 4. – P. 2-6.
4. Boyarinova V. I. The duty of conscientious negotiation on the conclusion of an agreement as an element of the content of a pre-contractual legal relationship // Legal Science and Practice. – 2021. – T. 17. – No. 2. – S. 35-44.

CIVIL LAW
FROLOVSKAYA Yuliya Ivanovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty of the Institute for Training State and Municipal Employees of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
BONDARENKO Ivan Vasiljevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty of the Institute of Training of State and Municipal Employees of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
LEGAL REGULATION OF SERVICE PENSIONS FOR EMPLOYEES OF THE CRIMINAL EXECUTIVE SYSTEM
The study is devoted to the legal regulation of seniority pensions for employees of the penitentiary system. The main regulatory act that determines the procedure for assigning the so-called “military” pension payments is considered to be the already previously noted Law of the Russian Federation of February 12, 1993 No. service, bodies for control over the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, institutions and bodies of the penitentiary system, troops of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, enforcement bodies of the Russian Federation, and their families. The main condition for the payment of a service pension is the existence of a length of service equivalent to a special length of service. In preferential terms, it can be 20 years of service or 12 and a half years of service and 25 years of earned insurance experience. The age limit for serving in the penitentiary system is determined by the relevant law on service in this department.
Keywords: penitentiary system, length of service, length of service, pension.
Work bibliographic list
1. Golodov P. V. Organizational and legal problems of pension provision for employees of the penitentiary system // Vestnik Kuzba ssky institute. – 2019. – No. 4. – P. 152-163.
2. On the procedure for calculating length of service, assigning and paying pensions, compensations and allowances to persons who served in the military as officers, warrant officers, midshipmen and servicemen of extended service or under a contract as soldiers, sailors, sergeants and foremen or served in internal affairs bodies , the state fire service, institutions and bodies of the penitentiary system, and their families in the Russian Federation providing for persons who have served in the military, service in the internal affairs bodies, the state fire service, bodies for controlling the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, institutions and bodies penitentiary system, and their families: Decree of the Government Ros. Federation of September 22, 1993 No. 941 // Sat. norm. doc. No. 2. – M.: Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, 2007. – 347 p.
3. On the approval of instructions on the organization of work on the social security of employees and their families in the penal system: Order of the Ministry of Justice of Russia dated December 30, 2005 No. 258 // Collection. legislation Ros. Federation. – 2005. – No. 17. – S. 2117-2121.
4. Romanov A., Tarasov A., Balyan E., Afrikyan G. Social guarantees for employees of the penitentiary // Justice. – 2018. – No. 5. – P. 63-67.
5. Popov A. M., Mikhailikov V. L., Kolesova T. S. Pension provision for employees of internal affairs bodies // Izvestiya of the Southwestern State University. – 2015. – No. 3 (16) 8. – P. 55-59.
6. Chudakova S. N. Some administrative and legal aspects of pension provision for employees dismissed from the penitentiary system // Penitentiary system of Russia: problems and prospects: materials of the international. scientific conf. (Samara, April 25, 2014). – Samara, 2014. – S. 225-227.

CIVIL LAW
TSIBULSKAYA Galina Zinovjevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Logistics sub-faculty of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
KURBATOVA Galina Vasiljevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty of the Institute of Training of State and Municipal Employees of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
LEGAL NATURE OF MODERN CREDIT RELATIONS AND BANK LENDING
Credit relations are widespread in modern Russia. Such popularity is partly justified by the unstable state of the economy of our state, the desire of people to achieve their goals, both commercial and non-commercial, and, of course, the need to satisfy various needs. The article deals with the legal nature inherent in modern credit relations. The importance and distribution of credit relations among subjects of law is being updated in the context of the development of modern legal reality. The issues of dependence of credit relations on the conditions of social and legal realities of a particular historical period are touched upon. The features and characteristics inherent in credit relations are highlighted. The relationship between credit relations and bank lending is analyzed.
Keywords: loans, banking, lending, financial services, credit obligations.
Work bibliographic list
1. Isaeva P. G., Khasbulatova Z. M. Fundamentals of regulation of credit relations by the Bank of Russia and the state at the present stage of development of the economy of the Russian Federation // Epoch of Science. – 2020. – No. 22. – P. 117-122.
2. Tikhonova A. A. To the question of the legal nature of credit relations // Bulletin of the Saratov State Law Academy. – 2019. – No. 2. – P. 183-193.

CIVIL LAW
SHAKEROV Rustam Ravilevich
senior lecturer of the Russian University of Transport
PROBLEMS OF DISTINGUISHING THE PRINCIPLE OF GOOD FAITH FROM RELATED CATEGORIES OF CIVIL LAW
The article discusses the actual aspects of distinguishing the conscientiousness of participants in civil turnover from related concepts and categories. The principle of good faith, being a legal category, has moral roots, because it restricts private freedom, which meanwhile is protected by law. The opposite of good faith is, in particular, behavior involving abuse of one’s rights. Good faith permeates many areas of civil agreements, for example, the institution of pre-contractual liability. The principle of reasonableness is close in content to the principle of good faith. The article demonstrates that the principle of reasonableness is subject to application not only for assessing the behavior of participants in civil legal relations, but also for other phenomena of legal reality (deadlines, prices, measures taken, etc.).
Keywords: good faith, abuse of law, reasonableness, pre-contractual liability.
Work bibliographic list
1. Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part One) dated November 30, 1994 No. 51-FZ (as amended on February 25, 2022) // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. – 1994. – No. 32. – Art. 3301; No. 32. – 05.12.1994. – Art. 3301.
2. Adilova Zh. S. Conscientiousness in pre-contractual relations // Academic journalism. – 2021. – No. 9-2. – S. 65-69.
3. Akhramkina K. A. The principle of good faith in Russian legislation and abuse of law // Questions of Russian and international law. – 2021. – T. 11. – No. 10-1. – S. 19-27.
4. Luzik A. A. On the issue of the relationship between the categories of abuse of law and good faith // Uchenye zapiski V.I. Vernadsky. Legal Sciences. – 2022. – T. 8. – No. 1. – S. 244-251.
5. Nam K. V. Abuse of the right and the principle of good faith, or not all contradictory behavior is estoppel // Economic justice in the Far East of Russia. – 2019. – No. 3 (14). – S. 23-26.

CIVIL LAW
SHEVCHUK Elena Pavlovna
senior lecturer of Civil law sub-faculty of the East Siberian Branch of the Russian State University of Justice
STEPANENKO Yuriy Sergeevich
Ph.D. in science philosophicals, associate professor, professor of Philosophy and socio-humanitarian disciplines sub-faculty of the East Siberian Institute of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel of police
THE LEGAL NATURE OF THE PATIENT’S INFORMED VOLUNTARY CONSENT TO THE PROVISION OF MEDICAL CARE
The article analyzes the legal nature of the patient’s informed voluntary consent to the provision of medical care. The authors correlate this consent with the will of the patient to cause harm to his health in the provision of medical services. It is established that the consent to causing harm to the patient in the process of providing medical care cannot be identified with the patient’s informed voluntary consent to its provision, the latter is necessary so that the medical intervention can be qualified as the lawful behavior of the medical service provider. It is concluded that, by its legal nature, informed voluntary consent to the provision of medical care is a civil law transaction, therefore, all requirements apply to it as to a regular transaction, but consent must be expressed by a capable citizen whose age is over 15 years (for drug addicts from 16 years of age). years) and before obtaining such consent, the patient must receive the necessary information about the nature of the medical intervention in a form accessible to him.
Keywords: medical care, contract for the provision of medical services, informed voluntary consent, consent to harm, legal nature, the legality of providing medical care to a patient.
Work bibliographic list
1. Sirotkina M.I. Informing consent: definition of the concept, review of judicial practice, the possibility of medical intervention without the consent of a citizen or his legal representative. Praktika pediatrica. – 2021. – No. 2. – P. 43-47.
2. Burashnikova N.A. COVID-19: legal regulation of involuntary medical intervention // Law. – 2020. – No. 7. – P. 47-56.
3. Starichkov M.Yu. Prevention of conflict situations between medical organizations and patients: legal provisions, practical recommendations and standard documents. – M.: Infotropic Media, 2019. – 328 p.

CIVIL LAW
SHERGUNOVA Elena Anatoljevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil law sub-faculty of the South-West State University
THE ESTOPPEL IN RUSSIAN AND INTERNATIONAL PRACTICE: PRIVATE LAW ASPECTS
The article discusses the features of the application of the estoppel principle in Russia and abroad. It is proved that in order to apply estoppel in Russia, it is necessary to legislate this term and develop a unified mechanism for its understanding and enforcement. The author also substantiates the need to develop criteria for the application of the estoppel in Russian law.
Keywords: estoppel, invalid contract, non-concluded contract, good faith, creditor, debtor.
Work bibliographic list
1. Biryulin D. Procedural estoppel in Russian practice. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://zakon.ru/blog/2019/8/31/processualnyj_estoppel_v_rossijskoj_praktike (date of access: 09/29/2022).
2. Semenova E. V. The legal nature of estoppel // In the collection: Actual problems of the development of civil law and civil process. Materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the university, 2017. – P. 437-441.
3. Strigunova D. P. Estoppel in the legal regulation of international commercial contracts // Lawyer. – 2016. – No. 11. – P. 31-36.
4. Terekhov VV Application of the estoppel rule in procedural relations // Law enforcement. – 2019. – T. 3. – No. 3. – S. 135-140.
5. American Jurisprudence. Estoppel and Waiver. [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: http://famguardian.org/TaxFreedom/CitesByTopic/estoppel.htm (accessed 09/29/2022)
6. Cartwright J. Protecting Legitimate Expectations and Estoppel in English Law // Report to the XVII-th International Congress of Comparative Law, July 2006. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.ejcl.org/103/art103-6.pdf (date of access: 09/29/2022).
7. Melville M. Bigelow. A treatise on the law of estoppel and its application in practice // Boston, Little, Brown and Company. – 1872. – P. 9.
8 Renata Petrylaite Can the doctrine of equitable estoppel be appled against a government? // International Journal of Baltic Law. – 2004. – No. 2. February. – P. 99.

CIVIL LAW
PUGACHEVA Anna Sergeevna
postgraduate student of Civil law sub-faculty of the Kazan (Privolzhie) Federal University; Legal Service Partner, head of the regional office
FREEDOM OF CONTRACT AS A BASIS FOR MINIMIZING PRIVATE LAW RISK
Freedom of contract is one of the branch principles of law, providing civil protection of investors’ rights. The purpose of the study is to give an essential characteristic of the freedom of contract as a basis for minimizing private law risk in the process of investment activity. The methodological basis of the study was the formal legal method, which was used in the definition of civil law concepts; interpretation of legal norms, legal positions of judicial and judicial-arbitration practice, doctrinal provisions. The main results of the study are that the distinction between the concepts of “civil liability” and “private legal risk” is substantiated, the essence and content of private legal risk are clarified, and intersectoral interaction between law and economics is established.
Keywords: freedom of contract, civil liability, private law risk, investment risk, synallagma, law and economics, liquidated damages.
Work bibliographic list
1. Karapetov A.G., Saveliev A.I. Freedom of contract and its limits: in 2 vols. Vol. 1: Theoretical, historical and political and legal foundations of the principle of freedom of contract and its limitations. – M.: Statute, 2012. – 452 p.
2. Ioffe O.S. Selected works on civil law: from the history of civil thought. Civil law. Criticism of the theory of “economic law”. – M.: Statute, 2000. – 777 p.
3. Kovyazina N.M. Losses as the most common measure of civil liability // Lawyer. – 2021. – No. 3. – P. 57-63.
4. Elkina O.S. And investment potential and investment risk – features of regional comparison // Siberian Trade and Economic Journal. – 2016. – No. 4 (25). – S. 31-33.
5. Netsymailo K.V., Stovbyra T.V. Investment Risk Management: Types of Risks and Management Methods // Kazanskaya Nauka. – 2015. – No. 2. – S. 72-74.
6. Popov A.Yu. Investment risks of capital investments in the assets of business entities: classification, identification, security // Innovative development of the economy. – 2021. – No. 1 (61). – S. 336-344.
7. Agarkov M.M. Selected works on civil law. T.2. The general doctrine of obligations and its individual types. – M.: Statute, 2012. – 535 p.
8. Grineva A.V. Legal risks and their minimization: questions of theory // Bulletin of the Arbitration Court of the Moscow Region. – 2019. – No. 1. – P. 77-88.
9. Makarova R.V. The concept of synallagmatic connection in the law of England and Russia // Jurisprudence. – 2018. – No. 2. – S. 362-381.
10. Zvyagintsev S.E. Legal Aspects of Economic Risk Distribution in Concession Agreements and Other Administrative Agreements // Administrative Law and Process. – 2018. – No. 1. – S. 64-71.
11. Posner R. The Economics of Justice. – Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981. – 415 rubles.
12. Silvestri P. On the (Methodological) Future of Law and Economics. The Uneasy Burden of Value Judgments and Normativity // Global Jurist. – 2019. – No. 19 (3). https://doi.org/10.1515/gj-2019-0026 (accessed 04.12.2021).
13. La Porta R., Lopez-de-Silanes F., Shleifer A., Vishny R. Investor Protection and Corporate Governance // Journal of Financial Economics. – 2000. – No. 58 (1-2) (January): 327. doi:10.1016/s0304-405x (00)00065-9 (accessed 04.12.2021).
14. Jolls C., Sunstein C.R., Thaler R. A Behavioral Approach to Law and Economics // Stanford Law Review. – 1998. – No. 50 (5), 1471. https://doi.org/10.2307/1229304 (accessed 04.12.2021).
15. Hylton K. N. Law and economics versus economic analysis of law // European Journal of Law and Economics. – 2019. – No. 48 (1). – R. 77-88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10657-018-9580-0 (Accessed 04.12.2021).
16. Sinitsyn S.A. Economics and law: contours of interaction in the modern world // Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. – 2019. – T. 89. – No. 2. – S. 139-146.
17. Law and economics. Interdisciplinary approaches in science and education. IV Moscow Legal Forum. XII International Scientific and Practical Conference. Kutafin Readings. In 4 parts. Part 3. – M.: Prospect, RG-Press, 2018. – 460 p.
18. Alekseev S.S. Collected works. In 10 volumes [+ Reference volume]. T. 1. Civil Law: Works 1958-1970. – M.: Statute, 2010. – T. 1. – 496 p.
19. Asknazy S.I. Some questions of the methodology of Soviet civil law // Soviet state and law. – 1940. – No. 8-9. – S. 73-90.
20. Karapetov A.G., Bevzenko R.S. Commentary on the norms of the Civil Code on certain types of contracts in the context of the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation “On freedom of contract and its limits” // Bulletin of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation. – 2014. – No. 8. – P. 4-97.
21. Lushnikov A.M. Law and Economics: Methodological Approaches to Interdisciplinary Research // Legal Science and Practice: Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2019. – No. 1 (45). – S. 39-44.
22. Libanova S.E. Entrepreneurial risk and freedom of contract // Legal technique. – 2019. – No. 13. – P. 511-514.
23. Mikryukov V.A. Russian analogue of the Anglo-American “liquidated damages”: prospects for legislative consolidation // Bulletin of the Perm University. Legal Sciences. – 2018. – No. 41. – P. 420-441.
24. Syatchikhin A.V. Litigated damages in Russian civil law: dissertation … of a candidate of legal sciences. – M.: Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, 2018. – 261 p.
25. Gadzhiyev G.E.V. Vaskovsky and Contemporary Civilistic Methodology // Journal of Russian Law. – 2016. – No. 4 (8). – R. 57-64.
26. Gadzhiev G.A. Legal picture of the world: a lecture // Legal Bulletin of the Dagestan State University. – 2017. – No. 2. – P. 7-13.

CIVIL LAW
YAKUBOV Muhibbullo Lutfulloyevich
postgraduate student of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
SMART CONTRACTS AS THE BEGINNING OF THE END OF CLASSIC CONTRACTS. DOUBLE INTEGRATION
This article discusses the possibility of using smart contracts instead of classic contracts. The author analyzes the legal regulation of smart contracts. The author’s forecasts are presented as to which sub-sectors of civil law are primarily subject to the large-scale implementation of smart contracts. The author analyzes the topic of dual integration of real world contracts into a specific smart contract and provides his suggestions on it.
Keywords: smart contract, blockchain, cryptocurrency, dual integration, contract law.
Work bibliographic list
1. Demieva A. G. Legal regulation of cryptocurrency: development trend // Ex jure. – 2018. – No. 1. – C. 18-29.
2. Kardonov A. V. Spheres of application of smart contracts and risks when working with them // B business education in the knowledge economy. – 2018. – No. 1 (9).
3. Kucherov I. I. Cryptocurrency as a means of payment // Financial law. – 2018. – No. 7. – P. 3-6.
4. Tsepov G. V., Ivanov N. V. On the civil theory of smart contracts // Law. – 2022. – No. 3. – P. 149-172.
5. What is Dual Integration? – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://erisindustries.com (date of access: 09/11/2022).
6. Contract Law 2.0: “Smart” contracts as the beginning of the end of classic contract law. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2885241 (date of access: 09/11/2022).

BUSINESS LAW
SAMOKHINA Anna Nikolaevna
postgraduate student of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
TRENDS AND PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVING CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN CREDIT ORGANIZATIONS
The article presents an analysis of the factors that influence the modern system of corporate governance in banks. The author created guidelines for reforming internal governance and control in banks that ensure the long-term successful development. The recommendations presented in this article will be useful to any economic entities that are interested in strengthening their competitive advantages and investment attractiveness.
Keywords: bank, corporate governance, internal governance, sustainable development, sustainable development goals, ESG factors.
Work bibliographic list
1. Ershova I. V., Enkova E. E., Laptev V. A. Corporate social responsibility in the coordinate system of sustainable development // Entrepreneurial Law. – 2022. – No. 2. – P. 25-35.
2. Chenchik Ya. V. How to start accounting for ESG risks in a financial organization // Finance. – 2022. – No. 2. – P. 33-39.
3. Declaration “Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” (adopted by a resolution of the UN General Assembly on September 25, 2015). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/ares70d1_ru.pdf/ (date of access: 09/11/2022).

BUSINESS LAW
SPECTOR Asiya Akhmetovna
Ph.D. in Law, professor of the Russian University of Transport
PROBLEMS OF DIFFERENTIATION OF THE STATUS OF AN INDIVIDUAL ENTREPRENEUR AND A SELF-EMPLOYED PERSON
The article discusses the current aspects of the legal regulation of the status of individual entrepreneurs and the self-employed. At the moment, there are a number of noticeable flaws in the status of the self-employed, since they do not have obligations to pay social contributions, and some restrictions are imposed on the implementation of their activities. In essence, the tax on professional income is a tactical measure designed to legalize the activities of a significant number of working citizens. However, in the future, the convergence of the status of self-employed with the status of an individual entrepreneur seems inevitable. Like the situation of the self-employed, it is wrong to consider the legal status of individual entrepreneurs through the prism of the legal status of legal entities, since in this case their status is not fully disclosed, mixed with the status of economic entities. The article concludes about the prospect of convergence of the professional income tax with the simplified taxation system.
Keywords: entrepreneurial activity, tax regime, self-employed person, professional income.
Work bibliographic list
1. Civil Code of the Russian Federation (Part One) dated November 30, 1994 No. 51-FZ (as amended on February 25, 2022) // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. – 1994. – No. 32. – Art. 3301; No. 32. – 05.12.1994. – Art. 3301.
2. The tax code of the Russian Federation (part one) dated July 31, 1998 N 146-FZ (as amended on June 28, 2022) // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. – No. 31. – 08/03/1998. Art. 3824; – No. 31. – 08/03/98. – Art. 3824.
3. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 01.27.2015 No. 98-r (as amended on 07.16.2015) <On approval of the plan of priority measures to ensure sustainable development of the economy and social stability in 2015> // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. – No. 19. – 02.02.2015.
4. Gudyaeva L. A., Korunova V. O., Prygunova M. I. Retrospective analysis of the system of taxation of Russian entrepreneurs and self-employed citizens: from perestroika to modern realities // Electronic Economic Bulletin of Tatarstan. – 2019. – No. 3. – P. 38-45.
5. Semenova G. N. Tax on the self-employed for individuals and individual entrepreneurs // Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University. Series: Economy. – 2021. – No. 2. – P. 77-88.

BUSINESS LAW
SUKIASYAN Nazeli Garnikovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Social studies sub-faculty of the Armenian State University of Economics
FEATURES AND EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC LEGAL REGULATION OF BUSINESS ACTIVITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA
The scientific article by Nazeli Sukiasyan is dedicated to a very relevant topic. The author of the article notes that public administration is directly related to both legal entities and individuals, and also assumes the existence of specific principles of existence with them. In particular, the article highlights the rights of the state to carry out completely new functions, such as: promoting investments, creating a favorable competitive environment in this area, and so on. The author notes the fact that through the method of public law regulation of entrepreneurial activity, the state protects its own entities and the domestic market from external economic intrusions. Summarizing the above, the author of the scientific article notes the importance of research on public law regulation of relations arising in the field of creating material wealth of the state and business entities.
Keywords: entrepreneurial activity, public law regulation, market mechanism, state, business entities, economic management, executive power, state control, supervision, material values.
Work bibliographic list
1. Sukiasyan N.G. Financial law (textbook). – Yerevan, 2020. – P. 252.
2. Khachatryan A.G. Tax law. – Yerevan: NAS RA “Nauka”, 2003. – P. 287.
3. Economy. Textbook, ed. A.I. Arkhipova, A.N. Nesterenko, A.K. Bolshakov. – M .: “Prospect”, 1998. – S. 387.

FINANCIAL RIGHT
MOSKALEV Vladimir Gennadjevich
postgraduate student of the 2nd course of the Institute of the State Service and Management of the RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation
WORLD EXPERIENCE IN INTRODUCING SPECIAL LEGAL REGIMES DURING THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC
The modern world has undergone significant transformations in the last few years caused by the consequences of the covid-19 pandemic. This global cataclysm has affected all spheres of society, and the legal system is no exception. In particular, the measures taken by various States to counteract the pandemic did not fit into the “standard” legal situation of these countries, since they assumed the restriction of a number of human rights, where special legal regimes, expressed in various “emergency situations” “, “special provisions”, “high alert mode”, etc., acted as a tool for legitimizing these measures. In this article we will give a general overview of the main types of such modes and the specifics of their implementation and functioning.
Keywords: Special legal regime, global cataclysm, advisory measures, imperative measures, emergency situations, restriction of rights and freedoms.
Work bibliographic list
1. Alekseev S. S. General permissions and general prohibitions in Soviet law. – M., 1989. – 288 p.
2. Belyaeva G. S. The concept of a legal regime in the theory of law: basic approaches // Bulletin of the Saratov State Law Academy. – 2012. – Add. issue (85). – S. 26-31.
3. Varlamova N. V. Lockdown as a way to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis in the context of the European Convention on Human Rights // Bulletin of St. Petersburg. University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2020. – No. 3 (87). – P. 15-25.
4. Kalinin A. M., Zasimova L. S., Kolosnitsyna M. G., Khorkina N. A. Population isolation policy during the COVID-19 pandemic: what strategies are beneficial for the state? // Issues of state and municipal management. – 2020. – No. 4. – P. 5-12.
5. Makarov V. O. Experimental legal regimes of the mobilization type as a way of legal regulation in the context of the spread of COVID-19 // Law enforcement. – 2021. – No. 4. – P. 30-41.
6. Pejchinovic-Burich M. Speech at the plenary session of the St. Petersburg International Legal Forum 9 / “Coronavirus Laws” // Precedents of the European Court of Human Rights. Special issue: Human rights in quarantine. – 2020.
7. Pchelintsev S. V. Problems of restricting the rights and freedoms of citizens under special legal regimes. – M .: Publishing House Norma, 2006 (M .: Tip. “Polymag”). – 479 p.
8. Khabrieva T. Ya. “Pandemic jurisprudence”: the territory of the emergency // Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law. – 2022. – T. 18. – No. 1. – P. 5-9.

BUDGET LAW
ZEMSKOVA Svetlana Vitaljevna
magister student of the 2nd course of study of the Institute of Law of the Dagestan State University
GASANALIEV Aigum Shapievich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of the Institute of Law of the Dagestan State University
BUDGET LAW AND BUDGET PROCESS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
This article examines the importance of budget law as a branch of financial law and reveals its features. The composition of budget legislation was analyzed, and it was determined that the high importance of this branch of law is due to its direct impact on the lives of citizens of the country.
Keywords: budget law, budget process, budget, optimization, budget authority.
Work bibliographic list
1. Biryukova N.N. Problems of organization and implementation of the budgetary process in the Russian Federation // Uchenye zapiski Crimean Federal University named after V. I. Vernadsky. Legal Sciences. – 2018. – T. 4 (70). No. 1. – S. 201-207.
2. Komyagin D.L. Budget law: a textbook for universities. – Moscow: Ed. house of the Higher School of Economics, 2017. – 590 p.
3. Peshkova H.V. Issues of tax and budgetary legal relations in judicial practice: Monograph and I. – M.: NITs INFRA-M, 2016. – 184 p.
4. Ilyasov M.M. Problems and directions of improvement of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation. – Text: direct // Young scientist. – 2016. – No. 18 (122). – S. 250-253.
5. Tukach V.S. Problems of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation and the possibility of their solution based on the experience of Germany. – Text: direct // Issues of Economics and Management. – 2016. – No. 5.1 (7.1). – S. 136-139.

CRIMINAL LAW
ABOVYAN Edgar Pargevovich
Ph.D. in Law, researcher of the department of Development of methodologies for the execution of criminal penalties without deprivation of Liberty of the Center for the Study of the Problems of the Execution of Criminal Penalties and Psychological support for the professional activities of employees of the Criminal Executive Activity of the Federal State Institution of the FPS of Russia
ANANJEV Oleg Gennadjevich
senior lecturer of Social psychology and social work sub-faculty of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
THE WEAKENING OF MORAL NORMS AS A FACTOR CONTRIBUTING TO JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
The article discusses the problems associated with juvenile delinquency. The modern society and its influence on the development of this category of citizens are characterized. The violation of the norms of family legislation in the form of mandatory development and upbringing of minors by parents and other family members is analyzed. The characterization of the norms of morality, which should directly affect the law-abiding behavior of minors, is given. The article examines the impact of digitalization on the decline in the quality of knowledge of the native language and its use, the normalization of cruelty to animals, lack of respect for elders and the adoption of an antisocial behavior model as factors contributing to the commission of crimes in adolescence.
Keywords: criminal law, minors, crimes, moral norms, factors, criminological characteristics.
Work bibliographic list
1. Ananyeva Zh. N. Psychological characteristics of the interests of school students // In the collection: Man: crime and punishment. Collection of materials of the International scientific-theoretical conference of adjuncts, graduate students, applicants, cadets and students. In three parts. – Ryazan, 2020. – S. 6-13.
2. Official website of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://crimestat.ru/analytics (date of access: 09/04/2022).
3. Official website of the Judicial Department at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.cdep.ru/index.php?id=79&item=2074 (date of access: 09/05/2022).
4. Soviet encyclopedic dictionary. – M., 1980. – S. 61.
5. Ivliev P. V., Ananyeva E. O. Social responsibility of mass media for the formation of population values // Eurasian legal journal. – 2021. – No. 11 (162). – S. 194-195.
6. Ananyeva E. O. On the problem of bullying in adolescence // In the collection: Week of Russian Psychology at GSGU. Materials: VII All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference; XXI All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the memory of Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation Ivan Pavlovich Bashkatov (1942-2007); IX International Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the Soviet scientist and teacher, Professor Kufaev Vasily Isidorovich (1894-1977). – Kolomna, 2021. – S. 323-326.
7. Polishchuk N. I., Vorobyov S. M., Orlova A. A., Abovyan E. P. On the Question of the Concept and Forms of Cyberbullying in Russia // Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics. – 2017. – No. 3 (25). – P. 987-994.

CRIMINAL LAW
BATYRKHANOVA Imanat Bibulatovna
senior lecturer of the Dagestan Humanitarian Institute (branch) of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations
ASKEROV Ruslan Magomedovich
senior lecturer of Dagestan Humanitarian Institute (branch) of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations
TAILOVA Aisha Gabibovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Economics and the legal and educational disciplines sub-faculty of the Dagestan State University, branch in the city Izberbash
FEATURES OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY IN THE PRESENCE OF OFFENSES COMMITTED USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
The purpose of this article is to identify and theoretically substantiate solutions to the problems of criminal prosecution for committing socially dangerous acts related to the use of artificial intelligence or committed by artificial intelligence itself. Separately, the issue of using artificial intelligence within the metaverse should be touched upon. Despite the widespread discussion of the metaverse, as if it were an already existing, finished construction, at present the metaverse is nothing more than a rapidly developing idea. The article considers the possibility of participation of self-learning programs in illegal activities.
Keywords: Artificial intelligence, illegal act, criminal liability.
Work bibliographic list
1. Legal responsibility as a first-order ethical standard in the design and development of a autonomous systems // Artificial intelligence, robots and ethics. 2019. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://doi.org/10.13180/icres.2019.29-30 07.p02.
2. Features of the development of artificial intelligence at the present stage // Bulletin of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, series “Mathematical modeling. Information technologies. Automated control systems”. 2018. (40). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://doi.org/10.26565/2304-6201.
3. Lugo Reyes S. O. Artificial Intelligence in Precision Health: Systems in Practice // Artificial Intelligence in Precision Health. 2020. 499-519. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-817133-2.00021-5.
4. Criminal liability for offenses in the field of IP intellectual property of subjects of artificial intelligence AI // SSRN Electronic Journal. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2691923.
5. Lee S. V. Can artificial intelligence commit a crime? // Legal theory and interpretation in Dynamic Society. 2021. 311-334. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://doi.org/10.5771/9783748925842-311.

CRIMINAL LAW
BAKHMUDOVA Tamara Rasulovna
senior lecturer of Economic, legal and general educational disciplines sub-faculty of the branch of the Dagestan State University in Izberbash
CRIMES COMMITTED AGAINST FOREIGN CITIZENS
Renewal of state institutions in Russia, radical transformations in all spheres of social life, changes in foreign economic, interstate relations, development of international contacts of citizens during the period of economic reforms of the state necessitated changes and strengthening of the legal system of the state and the rule of law in order to bring legislation in line with world standards.
As a result of the liberalization of the border and customs regimes by the Russian Federation, the influx of foreign citizens into its territory has sharply increased. The social and economic changes that have taken place in Russian society are characterized by the expansion and intensification of entrepreneurial activities of foreign citizens in various regions of our state. On the one hand, this has led to positive results. On the other hand, in the social and legal sphere, unfortunately, there has been a significant increase in the level of criminal activity against foreign citizens. Increasingly, they become victims of illegal encroachments.
Keywords: crime, migrants, causes of crime, crime prevention.
Work bibliographic list
1. “On the legal status of foreign citizens in the Russian Federation”: Federal Law of 25.07. 2002 No. 115-FZ (as amended on July 14, 2022) // SPS ConsultantPlus. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_37868/https://big-rostov.ru/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/sbornik_12_2019.pdf.
2. Morozov S. V. Victimological characteristics and prevention of crimes committed against foreigners (based on the materials of the Baikal region Vladivostok: specialty 12.00.08 “Criminal law and criminology; penitentiary law”: abstract of the dissertation for the degree of candidate of legal sciences. Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 2012, 24 p.
3. Antonyan Yu. M., Brazhnikov D. A., Goncharova M. V., Kovalenko V. I., Shiyan V. I., Bitsadze G. E., Evseev A. V. A comprehensive analysis of the state of crime in the Russian Federation and calculation options for its development: an analytical review / Yu. M. Antonyan, D. A. Brazhnikov, M. V. Goncharova et al. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://mvd.rf/upload/site163/document_text/Kompleksnyy_analiz__original-maket_24_04.pdf (date of access: 07/22/2022).
4. Bogomolova K. I. Crime related to foreigners: specialty 12.00.08 “Criminal law and criminology; penal law”: dissertation abstract for the degree of candidate of legal sciences. Saratov Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – Saratov, 2011. – 28 p.
5. The number of crimes committed by migrants is increasing in Russia. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://tass.ru/obschestvo/14454135 (date of access: 08/01/2022).

CRIMINAL LAW
BELYAKOV Alexey Vladimirovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Organization of the fight against economic crimes sub-faculty of the Samara State University of Economics
BONDARENKO Sergey Vyacheslavovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Regime and security in the penal system sub-faculty of the Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
CRIMINAL-LEGAL METHODS OF COUNTERING EMBEZZLEMENT OF BUDGET FUNDS: IS THERE A PROBLEM?
The article discusses the issues of delineation of crimes provided for in Articles 158 and 159.3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In particular, the issue of qualification of certain actions containing simultaneously signs of the specified compositions is touched upon. The degree of public danger is compared. Separate signs of the objective side of these crimes are highlighted. The main reason for the inconsistencies is indicated. Modern judicial practice on this problem is considered, and one of the possible options for its resolution is also proposed.
Keywords: embezzlement, budget funds, special crime.
Work bibliographic list
1. Grigoryeva I. V. Criminal law measures to counter the theft of budgetary funds: dis. … cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.08. – Moscow, 2019. – P. 3.
2. Ermakov M. G., Tsepilov A. E. Criminal liability for embezzlement of budget funds in public procurement: the sufficiency of legislative regulation // Scientific Bulletin of the Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2022. – T. 28. – No. 2. – S. 122-126.

CRIMINAL LAW
DENISOVICH Veronika Vladimirovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal law sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Chelyabinsk State University, Advocate of the Chelyabinsk Regional Bar Association “Akademicheskaya”
KOVAL Kseniya Mikhaylovna
lecturer of Criminal law and criminology sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Chelyabinsk State University
CHEREPASHKIN Aleksey Sergeevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal law and criminology sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Chelyabinsk State University
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF QUALIFICATION OF INVOLVEMENT OF A MINOR IN CRIMINAL AND OTHER ANTISOCIAL ACTIVITIES AND WAYS TO SOLVE THEM
The problem of protection and protection of children’s rights is one of the most acute. On February 24, 2022, in his address, President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin drew attention to the fact that “At the heart of our policy is freedom, freedom of choice for everyone to independently determine their own future and the future of their children .” The commission of crimes by minors and the commission of antisocial acts by them are interrelated phenomena, and often one of them entails the onset of the other. However, in the practice of applying Articles 150, 151 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, difficulties arise, since the legislation of the Russian Federation does not have a specific interpretation of their norms and accordingly its consolidation at the legislative level. In this regard, the issue related to the difficulties of applying these articles needs to be worked out.
Keywords: involvement of a minor, antisocial activity, antisocial behavior, criminal activity of minors, deviant behavior of minors.
Work bibliographic list
1. Kharlamova A.A., Bogatova E.V. Features of the qualification of crimes under Art. Art. 150, 151 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, on the basis of “victim” // Criminal Law. 2016. No. 3. S. 94-98.
2. Kupirova Ch.Sh. Responsibility for crimes against minors: based on the materials of the investigative and judicial practice of the Volga Federal District: dis. … cand. legal Sciences. Cheboksary, 2015. P. 10.
3. Rad’kova L.S. Mechanisms of involvement of minors in the illegal circulation of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or their analogues // Humanitarian, socio-economic and social sciences. 2017. No. 3. P. 3.
4. Gornostaeva V.A. Some issues of qualifying the involvement of a minor in committing antisocial acts (Article 151 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) // Cherepovets Scientific Readings 2016. Proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. In 3 parts / Resp. ed. E.V. Tselikova. 2017. S. 48.
5. Krukovsky V.E., Mosechkin I.N. Criminal-legal problems of countering activities aimed at inciting to commit murders and suicides // Law. Journal of the Higher School of Economics. 2018. No. 4. P. 200.
6. Sazanova E.A., Sobakareva E.V. Involvement of a minor in the commission of a crime (Article 150 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation): problematic aspects of legislative design and practice of application // Science and education: economy and economics; entrepreneurship; law and management. 2021. No. 7. S. 90-93.
7. Naniz A.Yu. Distinguishing the involvement of minors in the commission of antisocial acts from related offenses // Jurisprudence in theory and practice: current issues and modern aspects. Collection of articles of the IX International Scientific and Practical Conference. Penza, 2021, pp. 101-103.

CRIMINAL LAW
KARCHEVSKIY Kirill Aleksandrovich
lecturer of Criminal law and criminology sub-faculty of the Crimean branch of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, major of police
PECULIARITIES OF THE SUBJECT ILLEGAL BUSINESS
The article presents the most popular points of views in determining the subject of illegal business without a license and trends in law enforcement practice. The contradictory judicial practice in criminal cases, which is currently available, creates confusion in law enforcement practice.
Keywords: illegal business, license, subject of a crime.
Work bibliographic list
1. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 13, 2017 No. 208 “On the Strategy for the Economic Security of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030”. [Electronic resource]. – Dos mode stupid: http://www.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online (date of access: 06/10/2022).
2. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 2, 2021 No. 400 “On the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/401325792/ (date of access: 06/10/2022).
3. List of instructions following the results of the XXV St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, Pr-1269, p. 9a-1. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/assignments/orders/69045 (date of access: 07/20/2022).
4. Decree of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of November 18, 2004 No. 23 “On judicial practice in cases of illegal business” (as amended on July 7, 2015). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.garant.ru/products/ipo/prime/doc/1253895/ (date of access: 06/20/2022).
5. Federal Law “On Licensing Certain Types of Activities” dated May 4, 2011 No. 99-FZ (as amended on December 30, 2021). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_113658/ (date of access: 06/20/2022).
6. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation No. 63-FZ of June 13, 1996 (as amended on March 25, 2022). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_10699/ (date of access: 06/20/2022).
7. Cassation ruling of the Moscow Regional Court No. 44U-253/2017 4U-1986/2017 dated September 13, 2017 in case No. 1-139/2016. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://sudact.ru/regular/doc/rAzaBQgO20l1/ (date of access: 05/17/2022).

CRIMINAL LAW
MAGOMEDOVA Arapat Isaevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal law sub-faculty of the North-Caucasian Institute of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia)
MAGOMEDOV Magomed Guseynovich
magister student of the 2nd year of study of the North-Caucasian Institute of the All-Russian State University of Justice
SOME PROBLEMS OF PROPERTY CONFISCATION APPLICATION
The article is dedicated to the problems of confiscation of property. On the basis of the current criminal, penal enforcement, criminal procedure, civil procedure legislation, the analysis of the problems of the application of confiscation of property as another measure of a criminal-legal nature is given. In conclusion, we came to the conclusion that the incomplete and contradictory legal regulation of the confiscation of property, and the lack of understanding of its legal nature by law enforcement officials complicate the application of modern confiscation of property.
Keywords: confiscation of property, other measure of a criminal nature, criminal punishment.
Work bibliographic list
1. Gulyi A.A. Does Russia need to resume the institution of general confiscation of property: a monograph. M., 2021. S. 54.
2. Lisitskaya A.V. Problems of execution of confiscation of property as another measure of a criminal law nature and ways to solve them // Questions of modern jurisprudence. 2017. No. 7 (68). pp. 76-80
3. Melnikov V.Yu. Reform of the Criminal Code: advantages and disadvantages // Criminal law. 2021. No. 1. S. 84.
4. Propostin A.A. Confiscation of property: past, present, future: monograph. M., 2020. S. 42-59.
5. Shutov K.N. Confiscation of property in Russian criminal and criminal-executive legislation: dis. … cand. legal Sciences. Tomsk, 2015. P. 40.
6. Yani P.S. Confiscation of property and criminal liability // Criminal law. M.: ANO “Legal programs”. 2021. No. 6. P.31-40.

CRIMINAL LAW
KURBATOVA Galina Vasiljevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty of the Institute of Training of State and Municipal Employees of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
TSIBULSKAYA Galina Zinovjevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Logistics sub-faculty of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
CRIMINAL LEGAL CONCEPT OF WEAPONS AND ARMS
The article considers weapons from the point of view of a criminal law nature, analyzes the common features inherent in all types of weapons. The general concept of weapons and weapons, as well as the concept and design properties and features of individual types of weapons are being investigated. The classification of weapons is given. Issues related to the possibility of attributing weapons and ammunition to the subject of a crime have been studied. The categories of serviceability and suitability of weapons are considered and characterized. The importance of the criminal law research of arms and weapons is updated from the standpoint of the practical component of the fight against related categories of crimes.
Keywords: weapons, ammunition, subject of crime, types of weapons, classification of weapons.
Work bibliographic list
1. Kalmykova M. A. The concept of weapons and its criminal law significance // Gaps in Russian legislation. Legal Journal. – 2015. – No. 6. – P. 124-129.
2. Kamenskikh A. A. Weapon as a subject of crime // Questions of Russian justice. – 2021. – No. 13. – P. 191-200.

CRIMINAL LAW
PASHKOVSKIY Pavel Valerjevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate pro fessor of Branch legal disciplines sub-faculty of the A. P. Chekhov Taganrog Institute (branch) of the Rostov State Economical University (RINE)
THE MAIN PROBLEMS IN THE FIELD OF COUNTERACTING ORGANIZED CRIME IN RUSSIA
The article discusses systemic problems that hinder the effective counteraction of organized criminal activity in the Russian Federation. The main shortcomings of legal and organizational support for the confrontation against organized crime are identified. Special attention is paid to the need to develop scientifically based preventive measures of law enforcement agencies.
Keywords: organized crime, organized criminal formations, organized crime counteraction.
Work bibliographic list
1. Velichko F. M., Kopylov V. V., Subbotin A. A. Problems of combating organized crime in the Russian Federation // Bulletin of economic security. – 2020. – No. 1. – P. 94-98.
2. Grinko SD Trends in organized crime and countermeasures // North Caucasian legal bulletin. – 2019. – No. 1. – P. 138-143.
3. Semyonov E. A., Nechushkina K. A. Participants in the verification of a crime report: problems of legal regulation // Bulletin of the Kaliningrad branch of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2017. – No. 2. – S. 30-33.
4. Toropygin O. Yu. Problems of illegal organized circulation of weapons // Crime as it is and directions of anti-criminal policy / Ed. A. I. Dolgova. – M., 2014.

CRIMINAL LAW
PEYZAK Ruslan Igorevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal law and criminology sub-faculty of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
CRIMINAL ANALYSIS OF COMPUTER FRAUD UNDER ARTICLE 640-TER OF THE ITALIAN PENAL CODE
Insufficient effectiveness in combating manifestations of cross-border crime at the national level of a single State, makes it necessary to take into account international experience of criminal law impact on the field of IT technology fraud, the article analyzes the features of the criminal legislation and the implementation of the criminal law policy of Italy in this area.
Keywords: fraud, criminal policy, foreign countries, IT, cybercrime, confiscation, exemption from criminal liability, phishing, Italy.
Work bibliographic list
1. Criminal law of foreign countries: in 3 volumes. Volume 2. General part. France. Germany. Italy. Japan: textbook for universities / N. E. Krylova, V. N. Eremin, M. A. Ignatova, A. V. Serebrennikova; edited by N. E. Krylova. – 5th ed., revised. and additional – M .: Yurait Publishing House, 2022. – 263 p. – (Higher education). – ISBN 978-5-534-02093-9. — Text: electronic // Educational platform Yurayt. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://urait.ru/bcode/490953 (date of access: 06/08/2022).
2. Criminal law of foreign countries: in 3 volumes. Volume 3. Special part: textbook for universities / N. E. Krylova [and others]; executive editor N. E. Krylova. – 5th ed., revised. and additional – M .: Yurayt Publishing House, 2022. – 397 p. – (Higher education). – ISBN 978-5-534-01775-5. – Text: electronic // Educational platform Urayt: [website]. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://urait.ru/bcode/490317 (date of access: 06/08/2022).

CRIMINAL LAW
BAKHMUDOVA Tamara Rasulovna
senior lecturer of Economic, legal and general educational disciplines sub-faculty of the branch of the Dagestan State University in Izberbash
MODERN PROBLEMS OF EXECUTION OF CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT IN THE FORM OF LIFE IMPRISONMENT AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS INSTITUTION
In the system of criminal penalties under Art. 44 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, of those applied by the court today, life imprisonment remains the most severe. Despite the adequate response measures taken by law enforcement agencies, against persons who commit especially serious crimes against a person, the absence of any prospects for parole, incredible in their cruelty murders of citizens, terrorist crimes continue to be committed in Russia.
In addition, the use of life imprisonment is associated with many problems, both theoretical and practical, and primarily due to the lack of a sufficient regulatory framework for its implementation. We believe that along with life imprisonment, it is necessary to apply the death penalty for committing the most serious serial crimes against a person.
Thus, life imprisonment, being an alternative to the death penalty, and the only punishment that can be imposed after imprisonment for a certain period, today raises many questions related to its execution and requires additional comprehensive analysis and research.
Keywords: life imprisonment, death penalty, parole, gender approach to sentencing.
Reference list
1. Abdrakhmanova E. R., Savelyev I. S. Gender approach in the criminal law of the Russian Federation: the death penalty and life imprisonment as “male” punishments // Russian investigator. – 2014. – No. 13. – P. 67-68.
2. Avdeeva E. V. Features of life imprisonment as a type of criminal punishment // Bulletin of the Kuzbass Institute. – 2020. – No. 2 (43). – 2020.
3. Arsenova A. A. Problems of the institution of life imprisonment in Russian criminal law // Electronic scientific journal “Science. Society. State”. – 2017. – V. 5. No. 4. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://esj.pnzgu.ru.
4. Ekimova V. I., Kokurina I. V., Kokurin A. V. Sentenced to life imprisonment: socio-demographic, medical, criminal law and penitentiary characteristics, as well as features of psychological support // Psychology and Law . – 2016. – No. 1. – S. 58-89.
5. Neshitaya O. N., Bazhenov O. N. Problems of the application of punishment in the form of life imprisonment in the Russian Federation // Law: modern trends: materials of the III Intern. scientific conf. Krasnodar. – 2017. – S. 130-148.
6. Mazaleva L. V., Shaydulina N. D. Efficiency of life imprisonment // Modern scientific research and innovations. – 2019. – No. 3. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://web.snauka.ru/issues/2019/03/88896 (date of access: 2.04.2021).
7. Website of the Judicial Department at the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http: cdep.ru (date of access: 02/12/2020).

CRIMINAL LAW
DENISOVICH Veronika Vladimirovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal law and criminology sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Chelyabinsk State University, lawyer of the Chelyabinsk Regional Bar Association “Akademicheskaya”
FEATURES OF LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE OF CRIMES RELATED TO ABUSE OF OFFICIAL AUTHORITY AND ABUSE OF OFFICIAL AUTHORITY
To date, corruption manifestations are quite strong in the Russian Federation, which carry an increased danger to society. In recent years, full-scale work has been carried out to change legislation, regulatory legal acts in order to optimize this issue and as an attempt to combat such a social phenomenon. In view of this, such a question as the delineation of the concepts of abuse of official authority, abuse of official authority, as well as the specifics of the qualification of these types of crimes is relevant.
Keywords: official, official authority, abuse of authority, abuse of authority, abuse of right, abuse of official authority.
Work bibliographic list
1. Portal of legal statistics. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://crimestat.ru/regions_chart_total (date of access: 04/28/2022).
2. Judicial and regulatory acts of the Russian Federation. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://sudact.ru/regular/court/reshenya-metallurgicheskii-raionnyi-sud-g-cheliabinska-cheliabinskaia-oblast/?page=7 (date of access: 04/28/2022).
3. Tagantsev N.S. Russian criminal law. M., 2019. Issue. 1. S. 414.
4. Tarasova E.V. Qualification of crimes committed by officials through the use of their official position: dis. … cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.08. SPb., 2019. S. 237.
5. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 11, 2014 No. 226 “On the National Anti-Corruption Plan for 2014-2015” (as amended on July 15, 2015) // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation of April 14, 2014 No. 15. P. 1729 .

CRIMINAL LAW
POEZZHALOV Vladimir Borisovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Operational investigate activity of internal affairs bodies sub-faculty of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
FILIPPOV Oleg Aleksandrovich
Ph.D. in Paw, associate professor, associate professor of International law and international relations sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Bashkir State University
CHANGES IN THE CRIMINAL LAW AND THE SECURITY OF THE STATE
The article discusses the changes made to the criminal law regarding the security of the Russian Federation. The authors give a criminal-legal description of certain elements of crimes, express an opinion on the rules of qualification and controversial issues in the construction of certain provisions of these legal regulations.
Keywords: criminal law, high treason, espionage, security of the Russian Federation, officials.
Work bibliographic list
1. Bikkinin I. A., Poezzhalov V. B. Some controversial issues of changes and additions made to the current Criminal Code of the Russian Federation // Bulletin of the Altai Academy of Economics and Law. – 2020. – No. 12-1. – S. 197-200.

CRIMINAL LAW
TAMBIEV Sergey Arsenovich
lecturer of Special technical training sub-faculty of the North-Caucasian Institute for Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, major of police
URUMOV Asker Valerjevich
Ph.D. in Law, senior lecturer of Special and technical training sub-faculty of the North-Caucasian Institute of Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel of police
ACTUAL ISSUES OF PREVENTION OF JUVENILE CRIMES RELATED TO ILLICIT TRAFFICKING IN NARCOTIC AND PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES
The article deals with the problems of narcotization of minors, which today have reached an unprecedented scale, having a devastating effect on the health of the nation and state security. In the classification of narcotic and psychotropic substances, the most problematic are “new psychoactive substances”. The fundamental is the complexity of the legal identification of these substances, the problem of their effect on the human body and requires a serious approach and a well-thought-out policy of the state in the context of improving programs aimed at combating the use and distribution of narcotic drugs, including their social rehabilitation. Of particular difficulty for law enforcement officers is the control over the sale of psychoactive substances, due to their availability, the presence of favorable conditions for widespread distribution. Proposed preventive measures related to juvenile crimes in the field of illicit trafficking in new potentially dangerous psychoactive substances.
Keywords: narcotization of minors, illegal circulation, narcotic and psychoactive substances, prevention, prevention.
Work bibliographic list
1. Gotchina L. V. Digitalization of drug crimes and countering them // Criminology: yesterday, today, tomorrow. – 2019. – No. 5. – P. 40-50.
2. Ergabylov M. G. New types of psychoactive substances. Synthetic drugs // Bulletin of the Kazakh National Medical University. – 2018. – No. 4. – P. 80-90.
3. Maltseva V. A. Issues of prevention of Internet drug abuse of minors in the Russian Federation // Society: politics, economics, law. – 2019. – No. 10. – P. 34-40.
4. Counteraction to illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors: organizational and legal foundations: study guide / M. V. Dultsev, A. A. Bulbacheva, A. V. Kotyazhov. – Moscow: Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2021. – 156 p.
5. Rumyantsev NV The main directions of counteracting the use and distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances among minors // Bulletin of economic security. – 2018. – No. 4. – P. 50-60.
6. Sidorenko A. V. Organizational bases of the operational-search prevention of crimes committed in the sphere of illegal circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances // Bulletin of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2021. – No. 9. – P. 40-50.
7. Drug addiction statistics in Russia 2020-2021. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://narcorehab.com/articles/statistika-narkomanii-v-rossii-2020-2021/ (date of access: 08/01/2022).
8. Fedorov S. V. Criminal liability for illegal circulation of new potentially dangerous psychoactive substances // Narcocontrol. – 2015. – S. 24-40.

CRIMINAL LAW
MAGOMEDOVA Arapat Isaevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal law sub-faculty of the North-Caucasian Institute of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia)
UBAIDULAEV Ramazan Kamalutdinovich
magister student of the 2nd year of study of the North-Caucasian Institute of the All-Russian State University of Justice
THECONCEPT, SIGNS OF RECIDIVISM OF CRIMES
The article examines topical issues of the definition of the concept, signs of recidivism of crimes. The questio n of the content
and signs of recidivism of crimes is still complex and controversial, and sometimes contradictory. The features of criminal liability for
recidivism of crimes have been analyzed, as well as the problems of criminal law regulation of recidivism of crimes have been identified
and recommendations for their improvement have been developed.
Keywords: relapse, repetition, intent, careless relapse.
Work bibliographic list
1. Convention on Legal Assistance and Legal Relations in Civil, Family and Criminal Matters, 1993 [Electronic resource] // Access from the ConsultantPlus legal system.
2. Borzenkov G.N. Course of criminal law: General part: T. 1: The doctrine of crime: Textbook for universities. M.: SINTEG, 2002. S. 68.
3. Vozzhannikova I.G. Recidivism as a kind of multiplicity of crimes: monograph / Ed. ed. A.I. Chuchaev. M., 2014. S. 44.
4. Volzhenkin B.V., Bykhovsky I.E., Volzhenkin B.V., Glotov O.M. From crime to punishment. Popular about criminology, criminal law, criminal procedure and forensic science. L .: Knowledge, 1973. S. 272.
5. Golik Yu.V., Mironchik I.Ya. Careless relapse: criminal law and criminological aspects // Sat. Criminal law measures to combat crime in the context of perestroika. Sverdlovsk, 1990. S. 60.
6. Drozdov I. S. Relapse of crimes in case of conviction without deprivation of liberty: dis. … cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.08. National Research Tomsk State University, 2020. P. 147.
7. Zharkikh E.A. Institute of recidivism of crimes: the genesis of the concept and the transformation of the system-structural and functional-role content: dis. … cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.08. Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. True
bilina, 2020, p. 112.
8. Zotov A.Yu. Problematic issues of recidivism of crimes in the criminal law of Russia // Bulletin of the Volgograd Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2021. No. 3 (58). pp. 57-64.
9. Kudryavtsev V.N., Kuznetsova F., Komissarov V.S. General theory of qualification of crimes. M., 1972. S. 67.
10. Kuznetsova N. Interaction of international and comparative criminal law. M.: Ogni, 2017. S. 152.
11. Malkov V.P., Timershin Kh.A. Plurality of crimes. Tutorial. Ufa, 1995, p. 44.
12. Mikhlin A. Ways to improve legislation on combating recidivism // Social legality. 1984. No. 3. S. 73.
13. Ozhegov S.I., Shvedova N.Yu. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. M., 1993. S. 367.
14. Stepashin V.M. On accounting for recidivism of crimes when sentencing // Journal of Russian Law. 2010. No. 9. P. 70.
15. Full course of criminal law: In 5 volumes / Ed. A.I. Korobeeva. T. I: Crime and punishment. SPb., 2008. S. 667.
16. Prokhorov L.A. Differentiation of criminal liability in case of recidivism of crimes: the ratio of legislative approaches in the norms of the General and Special Parts of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation // Russian investigator. 2018. No. 6. S. 44-45.
17. Official portal of legal statistics of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://http://crimestat.

CRIMINAL LAW
PASHKOVSKIY Pavel Valerjevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Branch legal disciplines sub-faculty of the A. P. Chekhov Taganrog Institute (branch) of the Rostov State Economical University (RINE)
SVETLICHNAYA Lyudmila Aleksandrovna
Ph.D. in technical sciences, scientific researcher of the Polytechnic Institute (branch) of the Don State Technical University in Taganrog
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN THE COUNTERACTION AGAINST ORGANIZED CRIME
The article deals with the problems of the spread of transnational organized crime in the modern world. The main forms of international cooperation in the field of counteracting organized crime are identified. In addition to legal and organizational forms of cooperation, attention is also paid to information and technical forms of interaction.
Keywords: organized crime, transnational organized crime, cross-border criminal formations, international cooperation, organized crime counteraction.
Work bibliographic list
1. Daron A. Secret societies [Electronic resource]. Access mode: https://litresp.ru/chitat/ru/Д/darol-arkon/tajnie-obschestva/11 (date of access: 20.08.2022).
2. A large-scale operation to combat drug smuggling was jointly carried out by the special services of Russia and the United States // Channel One: site [Electronic resource]. Access mode: https://www.1tv.ru/news/2020-12-29/399326-masshtabnuyu_operatsiyu_po_borbe_s_kontrabandoy_narkotikov_sovmestno_proveli_spetssluzhby_rossii_i_ssha (date of access: 08/20/2022).
3. Sukhodolov A.P., Bychkova A.M. Artificial intelligence in combating crime, its forecasting, prevention and evolution // All-Russian criminological journal. – 2018. – T. 12. – No. 6. – S. 753-766.
4. Trebenok A.A., Funina A.A. Organization and essence of international cooperation in the field of law enforcement personnel training // Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2013. – No. 10. – S. 244-247.
5. Khachaturyan N.R. Assassins: on the issue of the anti-Seljuk movement of the Ismailis (XI-XII centuries) // Twelfth year naya scientific conference: Sat. scientific articles. – Yerevan, 2018. S. 595-602.

CRIMINAL LAW
TARCHOKOV Beslan Alekseevich
Ph.D. in economical sciences, Head of Internal affairs in special conditions sub-faculty of the North-Caucasian Institute for Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, colonel of police
ABOUT SOME CAUSES OF TERRORISM AMONG ADOLESCENTS
Terrorist activity is one of the alarming symptoms for society as a whole and national security. Today, terrorism is developing densely on the Internet, where, as you know, the bulk of users are young people and underage audiences, who are the first to fall under the “target” of destructive trends and subcultures. It has been established that the “modern machine” has ousted real communication from the life of adolescents, replacing it with virtual one. And taking into account that in addition to useful information, teenagers deal with an abundance of harmful information, in particular terrorist content, there is also an increase in crime among a minor audience.
Keywords: terrorism, teenagers, informal communities, destructive subcultures, mass shootings.
Work bibliographic list
1. Didenko K. V., Didenko V. I. Social factors of juvenile delinquency // Bulletin of the Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after I. D. Putilin. – 2019. – No. 4. – P. 13-16.
2. Egorova L. I. Prerequisites for the involvement of adolescents in terrorism: a socio-pedagogical aspect // Modern Pedagogical Education. – 2019. – No. 2. – S. 36-40.
3. Kovalenko E. V., Pkhitikov R. B. On the issue of combating modern threats of terrorism in society // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2022. – No. 4 (167). – S. 392-393.
4. Tarchokov B. A., Zumakulova Z. A., Sheozheva S. T. On the role of civil society institutions in counteracting destructive ideologies in the youth environment // Journal of Applied Research. – 2022. – V. 2. – No. 6. – S. 169-173.
5. Tkhazeplov T. M. Countering the ideology of terrorism: pedagogical aspect // Eurasian legal journal. – 2021. – No. 9 (160). – S. 498-499.
6. Mazdagova Z. Z. Issues of prevention of terrorism and extremism in educational organizations // Law and Management. – 2022. – No. 5. – S. 20-22.
7. Chubarova A. V. Influence of the social environment on the formation of juvenile delinquency // Bulletin of Science and Practice. – 2021. – T. 7. – No. 3. – S. 287-292.

CRIMINAL LAW
STUPINA Svetlana Aleksandrovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Forensic science sub-faculty Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk
ON THE VALIDITY OF THE LIBERALIZATION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR INCITING HATRED OR ENMITY, AS WELL AS THE HUMILIATION OF HUMAN DIGNITY IN MODERN CONDITIONS
The article considers the question of the validity in modern conditions of the institution of administrative prejudice as part of a crime under Article 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The data of official statistics on extremist crimes are presented as part of the analysis of criteria for criminalization of socially dangerous acts. Based on the results of the study, proposals for legislative changes have been formulated, which, in the author’s opinion, are capable of eliminating excessive liberalization of criminal liability for inciting hatred or enmity, as well as humiliation of human dignity in the new realities of the socio-political life of Russia.
Keywords: crime, extremism, incitement of hatred or enmity, humiliation of human dignity, public danger.
Work bibliographic list
1. Zherebchenko A. V. Prospects for the liberalization of criminal liability for inciting hatred or enmity, as well as the humiliation of human dignity (Article 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) // Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2019. – No. 3. – P. 84-87.
2. Tsepelev V. F. Conjuncture in the context of the grounds for criminalization of acts and its reflection in the Russian criminal law // Bulletin of the O. E. Kutafin University (MGYuA). – 2018. – No. 12 (52). – S. 18-22.
3. Official statistics of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Statistics and Analytics // Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://mvd.rf/dejatelnost/statistics (date of access: 08/04/2022).
4. Mishchenko V. I., Gudkov A. I., Krasilshchikov A. V. On some problematic aspects of law and management in the context of countering the coronavirus pandemic // Eurasian Scientific Association. – 2020. – No. 11-5 (69). – S. 337-340.
5. Sereda I. M., Stupina S. A. On the issue of improving special legal means of countering extremism // Strategies for countering extremism: Proceedings of the interdepartmental scientific and practical conference, Moscow, October 28, 2021. – Moscow: Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, 2021. – P. 205-209.

CRIMINAL LAW
TAOVA Liliya Yurjevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Special disciplines sub-faculty of the North-Caucasus Institute of Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of th e MIA of Russia, colonel of police
MALAKHOV Aleksandr Sergeevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Operational and investigative activities of the internal affairs bodies sub-faculty of the Omsk Academy of the MIA of Russia, colonel of police
CERTAIN FEATURES OF COUNTERING ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING COMMITTED IN A CONTACTLESS WAY
In the article, the authors consider the issues of countering illicit drug trafficking committed by contactless means, describe the ways of countering. The authors of the article formulated proposals for improving the counteraction to drug trafficking. The importance of countering this dangerous phenomenon is emphasized.
The authors draw attention to the fact that, despite the widespread use of various information and telecommunication network technologies in all spheres of modern human activity, including illegal drug trafficking, criminal groups use, along with recruitment via the Internet, also direct involvement of new participants in criminal activities through personal communication: persuasion, requests, threats, etc.
Keywords: counteraction, drug trafficking, contactless method, drug sales, prevention.
Work bibliographic list
1. The state of crime in Russia for January – December 2021. Statistical compendium. – M., 2022. – P. 4.
2. Romanova L. I. Drug addiction and narcotism. – St. Petersburg, 2003. – P.42.
3. Zhdanova E. V. The level of latency of crimes in the field of drug trafficking. – M., 2012. – S. 19.
4. Zimina E. S. Legal regulation of the Internet: issues of personal identification // Collection. Innovative approaches to solving socio-economic, pedagogical problems in the conditions of the development of modern society. Materials of the I International Scientific and Practical Conference. – 2015. – S. 359-362.

CRIMINAL LAW
TERESHCHENKO Vladislav Sergeevich
competitor for the scientific degree of Ph.D. in Law of the St. Petersburg Law Institute (branch) of the University of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation; Head of the Department of Legal expertise of documents on property issues and the organization of judicial protection of state property interests of the Institution of the Federal institution “North-Western Territorial Administration of Property Relations” of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
SOME FEATURES OF DETERMINING THE SIGNS OF CRIMES COMMITTED IN THE FIELD OF PROFESSIONAL SPORTS AND ASSOCIATED WITH CAUSING HARM TO THE LIFE AND HEALTH OF ATHLETES
The relevance of the work lies in the fact that the field of professional sports needs to create a number of protective norms that help minimize sports injuries. Causing harm to the health of athletes, associated with a violation of the circumstances for conducting sports, is characterized by a number of features that distinguish it from injury under random.
The purpose of the study is to determine the features of the objective side of crimes committed in the field of professional sports and aimed at causing harm to the health of athletes. The practical significance of the work is due to the high latency of such attacks, the complexity of their identification and qualification, and the difficulty of distinguishing them from non-criminal events. When writing the work, a systematic approach was used, through which it becomes possible to present a comprehensive view of the criminal component of sports injuries.
Keywords: professional sports, crime, violence, life, health.
Work bibliographic list
1. Amirov I.M. Legal responsibility in the field of sports (questions of theory and practice). Ufa: publishing house of the Bashkir State. un-ta, 2006. 205 p.
2. Bezborodov D.A., Kravchenko D.M. Criminal liability of athletes for harm caused as a result of violation of the rules of sporting events // Russian Justice. 2020. No. 12. P. 100-105.
3. Bondarenko V.A., Zhmurko R.D. Crimes in the field of sports // Bulletin of the Altai Academy of Economics and Law. 2019. No. 1-1. pp. 196-199.
4. Gostkova D.Zh., Dmitrieva A.A. Violence in sports: a crime or a circumstance excluding the criminality of an act // Man. Sport. The medicine. 2021. Vol. 21. No. S2. pp. 149-153.
5. Kleymenov M.P. Sports criminology abroad // Bulletin of the Omsk University. Series “Right”. 2012. No. 3. S. 256-257.
6. Kogan O.S. Problems of professional sports: legal aspect // Theory and practice of physical culture. 2002. No. 8. S. 60-62.
7. Matishchev A.A., Bezuglov N.N., Makarova G.A. Musculoskeletal injuries and craniocerebral injuries in athletes. M.: Sport, 2022. 168 p.
8. Pitulko K.V., Sergeeva A.A. Legal bases and problems of combating discrimination in sports // Man. Sport. The medicine. 2021. Vol. 21. No. S2. pp. 137-141.
9. Potapova S.V., Sabanin S.N. On the issue of public relations in the field of sports as an object of criminal encroachment // Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2013. No. 10. P. 95-98.
10. Pochinkin A.V. Formation and development of professional and commercial sports in Russia. M.: Volters Kluver, 2006. 198 p.
11. Yurl ov S.A. Legal nature, features and general characteristics of sports legal relations // Vestnik RUDN University. 2014. No. 4. P. 170-175.

CRIMINAL LAW
KHOLAMKHANOVA Zarema Radjevna
assistant referee of the Nalchik City Court of the Kabardino-Balkaria Republic
CRIMINALIZATION AND LEGISLATIVE REGULATION IN MATTERS OF “DIGITAL” PROPERTY
This article gives a modern definition of information technologies, an overview of the term “information society” in order to show the important role of legal protection of the digital economy. Modern tools of criminal law protection are designed to provide effective protection of “digital” property and counteract real and potential threats in the current digital reality. This article indicates that there is a need to reform Chapter 21 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and suggests alternative ways to improve the criminal law provisions on liability for crimes against property.
Keywords: criminal and legal protection of the information society and the digital economy, crimes in the field of economics, property crimes, fraud, crimes in the field of computer information.
Work bibliographic list
1. Bezverkhov A. G. Theft of other people’s property in the conditions of the formation of the digital economy // Criminal law: development strategy in the XXI century: materials of the XVII International scientific and practical conference. – M.: Prospekt, 2020. – S. 329-333.
2. Bell D. Social framework of the information society // New technocratic wave in the West. – M.: Progress, 1988. – S. 330-342.
3. Efremova M. A. Criminal liability for crimes committed using information and telecommunication technologies. – M.: Yurlitinform, 2015.
4. Tolgurova Z. Kh., Khakunov A. M. The role of the media in the crime prevention system as a criminological category in Russia // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2021. – No. 8 (159). – S. 368-370.

CRIMINAL PROCESS
ALIEV Khibi Kurbanovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, North Caucasus Institute (branch) of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Makhachkala
MARIANOV Alikhan Abdulaevich
Ph.D. in historical sciences, Dagestan State University branch in Izberbash, Dagestan State Pedagogical University
PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF DETENTION OF MINORS IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
The article provides a legal analysis of the grounds and features of the Criminal Procedure Code for the detention of minors as one of the most complex actions of the Criminal Procedure Code in law enforcement practice, the legality of which requires close attention from both the Russian state and the international community. The author notes that the norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation regulating the detention and detention of minors do not correspond to each other. The article reveals the problematic aspects of the detention of minors in criminal proceedings in Russia. As a result of studying the current legislation and the opinions of scientists about this institution of criminal procedure, the conclusions were formulated: about the essence of the detention of minors, about the need to consolidate additional grounds for detention in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian federation.
Keywords: detention, minor, coercive measures, criminal proceedings against minors.
Work bibliographic list
1. Kanevsky LL Forensic problems of investigation and prevention of juvenile crimes. – Krasnoyarsk, 1991. – S. 96.
2. Lavdarenko L. I. Detention and detention of a minor // Russian investigator. – 2015. – No. 6. – S. 23-27.
3. Shcherba S. P. Chapter X. Measures of procedural coercion in criminal proceedings // Criminal procedure: A textbook for university students studying in the specialty “Jurisprudence” / Ed. V. P. Bozheva. 3rd ed., rev. and additional – M.: Spark, 2002. – S. 220.
4. Yamaletdinova N.V. Adaptation of juvenile defendants held in pre-trial detention centers in the mechanism of crime prevention in institutions of the penitentiary system: Dis. … cand. legal Sciences. – Ryazan, 2006. – P. 38.

CRIMINAL PROCESS
ARSENOVA Natalya Vasiljevna
Ph.D. in law, associate professor of Criminal law, criminal process and criminalistics sub-faculty of the RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation
TOPCHIEVA TatyanaVladimirovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of criminal process sub-faculty of the Barnaul Law Institute
THE USE OF VIDEO CONFERENCING IN PRE-TRIAL PROCEEDINGS: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT
In the article, the authors analyze the norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, regulating the grounds and procedural procedure for conducting interrogation, confrontation, identification through the use of video conferencing systems. Based on this analysis, the main problems of using the institute for the production of individual investigative actions using video conferencing in pre-trial proceedings are identified, ways to solve them are proposed, and pro spects for the development of this institute are outlined.
Keywords: criminal case, video conferencing, subjects of the investigation, participants in the criminal process, some investigative actions, proving, ensuring security, preventive measures.
Work bibliographic list
1. On amendments to the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation: Federal Law No. 501-FZ dated December 30, 2021. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: Access from the reference-legal system “ConsultantPlus”.
2. Review of the judicial practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 4 (2016) (approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on December 20, 2016). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: Access from the reference-legal system “ConsultantPlus”.
3. Review of certain issues of judicial practice related to the application of legislation and measures to counter the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) No. 2 in the Russian Federation (approved by the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on April 30, 2020). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: Access from the reference-legal system “ConsultantPlus”.
4. Prytkova E. V. Ensuring the safety of a suspect (accused) who has entered into a pre-trial agreement on cooperation at the stage of preliminary investigation: criminal procedural and tactical and forensic aspects: author. dis. … cand. legal Sciences. – St. Petersburg, 2015. – 24 p.

CRIMINAL PROCESS
BORZUNOVA Natalya Yurjevna
senior lecturer of Criminalistics and engineering and technical expertise sub-faculty of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia
UZUN Oleg Leonidovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of the Higher School of Technosphere Safety of the Institute of Civil Engineering of the Peter the Great St. Petersburg Technological University
JUVENILE JUSTICE IN RUSSIA, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT
The article proposes a definition of juvenile justice. Currently, this issue is often discussed at various conferences, in TV thematic programs, this issue is discussed in the scientific literature, various discussions appear on the Internet. Fears and complaints from the scientific community are caused by such actions within the framework of which there is a “withdrawal of children from families”. The article presents opinions on the positive and negative features of juvenile justice. Studying the experience of foreign countries will allow you to get acquainted with the positive features of juvenile justice and apply these provisions in modern Russian legislation. In this study, there is a search for a balance between the fight against juvenile delinquency and the preservation and protection of the rights of the child and families. The improvement of legislation ensuring the rights of children and their families, as well as criminal procedure on criminal cases against minors is the main goal at present.
Keywords: juvenile justice, family and child rights, juvenile delinquency, juvenile delinquency control, juvenile delinquents, justice.
Work bibliographic list
1. Gromova L. Anti-juvenile educational program: General picture of the introduction of juvenile justice in Russia // Russian Line. – 2010. – June 29. – S. 35.
2. Igbaeva G. R., Shakirova Z. R. Pre-trial non-jurisdictional procedures for dispute resolution and mediation // Eurasian legal journal. – 2015. – No. 1 (180). – S. 185-186.
3. Fomin VV, Zaripov ZS Organization of work on the prevention and detection of crimes among minors: Educational and practical guide. – Ryazan: Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, 2011. – 24 p.
4. Fomin VV, Zaripov ZS Organization of work on the prevention and detection of crimes among minors: Educational and practical guide. R-yazan: Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. – 2011.
5. Shabalova VV, Rysaev FB Problems of juvenile justice in the Russian Federation // Jurisprudence: issues of Russian international law. – 2015. – No. 5. – P. 140-145.

CRIMINAL PROCESS
BILYAEV Vladimir Aleksandrovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, professor of Criminal process law sub-faculty of the Crimean branch of the Russian State University of Justice
KLIMOVSKIY Anton Sergeevich
lecturer of Special disciplines sub-faculty of the Faculty of Professional Training of the Crimean branch of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
YUZVAK Sergey Anatoljevich
lecturer of Special disciplines sub-faculty of the Faculty of Professional Training of the Crimean branch of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
ABOUT THE NECESSITY OF THE LEGISLATIVE CONSOLIDATION OF THE PROVISIONS ON THE RESULTS OF THE OPERATIONAL INVESTIGATIVE ACTIVITIES AS THE PROCEDURAL EVIDENCE IN THE CRIMINAL CASES
The article discusses the legal problems of using the results of the criminal intelligence as the procedural evidence in the criminal cases. The authors state the gap in the legislative consolidation and the legal regulation of the general algorithms of the cognitive actions that make up the content of the law enforcement intelligence operations. T his point (as noted by the authors of the article) prevents the full implementation of the fundamental principle of the legality in the criminal proceedings due to the impossibility of the full-fledged verification and evaluation by the law enforcement officer of the evidence-the results of the criminal intelligence that do not have their own “legislative standard”. The general conclusion is formulated about the necessity to consolidate in the criminal procedure legislation the provisions defining the concept and the content of the results of the operational investigative activities as the evidence in the criminal cases.
Keywords: the legislative consolidation, the results of the criminal intelligence, the evidence, the law enforcement intelligence operations.
Work bibliographic list
1. Bilyaev V. A. On the need for legislative consolidation of the procedural status of operational-search activity in the criminal proceedings of Russia (legal aspect) // Uchenye zapiski Crimean Federal University named after. V. I. Vernadsky. – 2017. – No. 4. Vol. 3 (69). – (Series: Legal sciences). – S. 223-233.
2. Zaikovsky V. N. Use of the results of operational-search activity in the course of proving in a criminal case: Dis. … cand. legal Sciences. – St. Petersburg, 1996.
3. Bezlepkin B. T. Problems of criminal procedure proof // Sov. State and law. – 1991. – No. 8. – S. 219-220.
4. Petrukhin I. L. Theoretical foundations of the reform of the criminal process in Russia: in 2 hours. Part 2. – M .: Progress, 2004. – P. 168.
5. Lazareva V. A. Evidence in criminal proceedings: a textbook for undergraduate and graduate students. – 5th ed., revised. and additional – M.: Yurayt Publishing House, 2016. – 359 p.
6. Sheifer S. A. Collection of evidence in a criminal case: problems of legislation, theory and practice: monograph. – M.: Norma: INFRA-M, 2015. – P. 46.
7. Share E. A. Formation of evidence based on the results of operational-search activity. – M.: Prospekt, 2009. – 282 p.
8. Bilyaev V. A. On some factors preventing the classification of the results of operational-investigative activities as forensic evidence // Collection of scientific articles based on the results of the Fourth Sevastopol Legal Forum, held on September 22-23, 2021 on the basis of the Law Institute of Sevastopol State University / Rep. ed. S. A. Vasiliev. – M.: Center catalogue, 2022. – S. 214-217.
9. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation and others dated September 27, 2013 N 776/703/509/507/1820/42/535/398/68g. [Electronic resource] – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_155629/
10. Shikanov V. I. On the use of the results of operational-search activity in the criminal process. – Irkutsk, 1998.
11. Korenevsky Yu. V., Tokareva M. N. Use of the results of operational-search activity in proving criminal cases. – M., 2000.
12. Dolya E. A. On evidence, proof and use in proof of the results of operational-search activities under the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation: Nauch.-Prakt Conf. // State and law. – 2002. – No. 10.
13. Astafiev Yu. V., Izotova N. V. Evidence and operational-search activity: problems of correlation and interaction. – Course, 2002.
14. Fundamentals of operational-search activity: textbook. [for legal universities] / Ed. V. B. Rushailo. – Ed. 3rd, stereotype. – St. Petersburg: Lan, 2001. – 720 p.

CRIMINAL PROCESS
DNEPROVSKAYA Marina Anatoljevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Jurisprudence sub-faculty of the Irkutsk National Research Technical University
ABRAMITOV Sergey Anatoljevich
Ph.D. in historical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of Theory of law, constitutional and administrative law sub-faculty of the Irkutsk National Research Technical University
VOROZHNIN Anatoliy Gennadjevich
assistant judge of the Irkutsk Regional Court, adviser of justice of the 3rd class
APPLICATION OF THE PROHIBITION OF CERTAIN ACTIONS AS A PREVENTIVE MEASURE: SOME THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS
The authors analyze the problems of legal regulation of the application of such a measure of restraint as the prohibition of certain actions. It is noted that such a preventive measure made up for the lack of preventive measures not related to complete isolation from society, and at the same time did not become an alternative to choosing detention. It is concluded that the specified preventive measure causes a contradiction in legal regulation, entailing the possibility of choosing several preventive measures at the same time, which is unacceptable. In this regard, it is necessary to revise the legal regulation of the prohibition of certain actions and remove it from the list of preventive measures, allowing the investigator or the court, along with the selection of any preventive measure, to impose appropriate prohibitions on certain actions. It is also possible to expand the list of actions that will be banned.
Keywords: prohibition of certain actions, preventive measures, criminal process, legal regulation.
Work bibliographic list
1. Bondarin ko I.P. Features of the application of combined preventive measures in the context of the introduction of the prohibition of certain actions into the criminal process // Russian investigator. – 2021. – No. 1. – S. 26-30.
2. Brusnitsyn L. V. Prohibition of certain actions in the system of preventive measures and outside this system // State and Law. – 2021. – No. 1. – P. 81-88.
3. Grebneva N. N. Prohibition of certain actions: theoretical and practical aspects // Proceedings of the Orenburg Institute (branch) of the Moscow State Law Academy. – 2021. – No. 4 (50). – S. 116-119.
4. Simagina N. A. Circumstances taken into account when choosing a preventive measure in the form of a ban on certain actions // Advocate practice. – 2020. – No. 3. – P. 42-46.
5. Filatov G. B. Prohibition of certain actions as a measure of restraint in the criminal process of Russia // Agrarian and land law. – 2021. – No. 7 (199). – S. 113-116.
6. Tsvetkova E. V., Simagina N. A. On the issue of introducing a new measure of restraint in the form of a ban on certain actions // Modern law. – 2019. – No. 7-8. – S. 133-137.

CRIMINAL PROCESS
ZORINA Natalya Sergeevna
senior researcher of the Department for Improving Legal Regulation of the Penitentiary System of the Center for the Study of Problems of Management and Organization of the Execution of Sentences in the Penitentiary System of the Federal State Institution “Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service”
FEATURES OF THE USE AND DEVELOPMENT OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES
In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles have been gaining huge popularity in our society. This article discusses the main issues related to the use of unmanned aerial vehicles. Also, it should be emphasized that unmanned aerial vehicles can quickly and effectively solve many practical tasks. But the uncontrolled mass use of unmanned aerial vehicles entails problems of aviation safety in the conditions of unauthorized use of unmanned aerial vehicles.
Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicle, drone, drone, UAV, application, flight.
Work bibliographic list
1. [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2014-02/12/bbc-drone-journalism (accessed 08.09.2022).
2. Mazur E. S., Shalakin A. V. Modern technical and forensic tools used in conducting search investigative actions // Legal problems of strengthening Russian statehood: [collection of articles]. – Tomsk, 2017. – Ch. 74. – P. 146.
3. Federal Law No. 3-FZ of February 7, 2011 (as amended on December 21, 2021) “On the Police”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_110165/bb3098c990d972f6f2da87ea938a7d09f6fa0117/ (date of access: 09/08/2022)
4. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://gkovd.ru/ (date of access: 08/08/2022).

CRIMINAL PROCESS
LIFANOVA Liliya Gennadjevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, professor of Criminal process and criminalistics sub-faculty of the Stavropol branch of the Krasnodar University of MIA of Russia
GAUZHAEVA Viktoriya Aleksandrovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Special and technical training sub-faculty of the North-Caucasian Institute for Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
INDIVIDUAL ISSUES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE VERIFICATION OF A CRIME REPORT
The article discusses some of the procedural powers of an official to verify a crime report. Attention is focused on the incorrectness of certain legislative formulations when regulating the rights and obligations of citizens involved in the sphere of criminal procedural relations at the stage of pre-investigation proceedings. It is noted that there is a need to improve the norms of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation regulating the procedure for conducting verification measures aimed at establishing the grounds for initiating a criminal case.
Keywords: pre-investigation check, information about the crime, reasons for initiating a criminal case, investigator.
Work bibliographic list
1. Lifanova L. G. Procedural aspects of the implementation of the rights of participants in the criminal process at the stage of pre-investigation // Actual issues of law and law enforcement. Proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference (Stavropol, October 25, 2019). – Stavropol: SF KRU of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2020.
2. Sinkevich N. A. Postupalenko S. I. Problems of pre-investigation verification in modern criminal procedure legislation // Beneficium. – 2020. – No. 4 (37).
3. Lifanova L. G. Implementation of the rights of participants in pre-investigation proceedings: normative regulation and law enforcement practice // Legal culture in modern society: a collection of scientific articles. – Mogilev: Mogilev Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, 2020.
4. Stelmakh V. Yu. Explanations in criminal proceedings: legal nature, procedural procedure for obtaining, evidentiary value // Bulletin of the Udmurt University. – 2016. – T. 26. – Issue. 5.
5. The activities of interrogators of internal affairs bodies at the stage of initiating a criminal case and the initial stage of investigating crimes: textbook-practice . allowance / N. V. Krivoshchekov [and others]. – Tyumen: TIPC of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2015.
6. Suprun S. V. Instruction to the body of inquiry of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the production of procedural actions and operational-search measures before initiating a criminal case // Legal Science and Law Enforcement Practice. – 2014. – No. 2 (28).

CRIMINAL PROCESS
LOGACHEV Konstantin Konstantinovich
lecturer of Criminal process sub-faculty of the Barnaul Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE NORMS GOVERNING PRESENTATION FOR IDENTIFICATION USING VIDEO MATERIALS
This article discusses the issues of presenting video samples for identification. The foreign and Russian approaches to identification based on video materials are considered. The advantages of using video recordings during this investigative action are determined. The author comes to the conclusion about the imperfection of the legislative regulation of identification based on video materials and suggests a way to solve this problem.
Keywords: video recording, video material, identification, presentation for identification, investigative action.
Work bibliographic list
1. Garifullina R.F., Khakimova E.R. Some features of the regulation of the use of technical means in the investigation of crimes // State Service and Personnel. 2021. No. 5. S. 206-208.
2. Isaenko V.N., Ishchenko P.P. Investigative actions in the context of digitalization of criminal proceedings // Gaps in Russian legislation. 2021. V. 14. No. 1. S. 136-143.
3. 3D-model of the head allows you to more accurately identify the offender. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.vesti.ru/nauka/article/2587739 (date of access: 04/20/2022).
4. Fitzgerald RJ, Price HL, Valentine T. Eyewitness Identification: Live, Photo, and Video Lineups // Psychol Public Policy Law. 2018 Vol. 24. No. 3. P. 307-325.
5. Mokonyama W.M. A critical analysis of the procedures followed to conduct identification parades: a case study in Mpumalanga. South Africa: University of South Africa, 2010. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3530 (Accessed 20.04.2022).
6. Yates S. Q. Memorandum for heads of department law enforcement components of all department prosecutors. Subject: Eyewitness identification: Procedures for conducting photo arrays. 2017. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.justice.gov/archives/opa/press-release/file/923201/download (Accessed 04/20/2022).

CRIMINAL PROCESS
MUSTAFINA Gulnara Mazhitovna
senior lecturer of Professional training sub-faculty of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
ON THE CONTRADICTION OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AND OPERATIONAL-INVESTIGATIVE LEGISLATION
The article discusses the conflicts of procedural regulation in the application of coercive measures to ensure the tasks of operational investigative legislation. The absence of references in operational-investigative, criminal-procedural, administrative legislation references to the empowerment of operational officers in the use of coercive measures to achieve the objectives of operational-investigative legislation pose a potential threat to employees engaged in operational-investigative activities, which emphasizes the need for scientific and organizational search for a solution to the existing gap in legal regulation.
Keywords: operational investigative activity, criminal proceedings, human and civil rights and freedoms, crime prevention.
Work bibliographic list
1. Malikov B. Z., Mursalimov A. T. On the issue of criminalization of fraud in the sphere of lending and some problems of qualification of this corpus delicti // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2020. – No. 3 (142). – S. 200-202.
2. About the police: feder. law Ros. Federation dated February 7, 2011 No. 3-FZ. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.pravo.gov.ru (date of access: 07/30/2022).
3. Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation: Feder. law Ros. Federation dated December 18, 2001 No. 174-FZ: adopted by the State. Duma Feder. Sobr. Ros. Federation November 22, 2001: Approval. Federation Council Feder. Sobr. Ros. Federation December 5, 2001 [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.pravo.gov.ru (date of access: 07/30/2022).
4. Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses: Feder. law Ros. Federation dated December 30, 2001 No. 195-FZ: adopted by the State. Duma Feder. Sobr. Ros. Federation December 20, 2001: Approval. Federation Council Feder. Sobr. Ros. Federation December 26, 2001 [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.pravo.gov.ru (date of access: 07/30/2022).
5. On operational-search activity: feder. law Ros. Federation dated August 12, 1995 No. 144-FZ // adopted by the State. Duma Ros. Federation on July 5, 1995. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.pravo.gov.ru (date of access: 07/30/2022).

CRIMINAL PROCESS
NUZHDIN Andrey Aleksandrovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, doctoral student of the Faculty of Training of Scientific and Pedagogical Personnel of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
SOME ISS UES OF INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF CIRCUMSTANCES THAT CONTRIBUTED TO THE COMMISSION OF PENITENTIARY CRIMES
The article discusses some investigative actions carried out in the process of identifying the circumstances that contributed to the commission of penitentiary crimes. The subject of the article was the regularities of the commission of crimes by convicts in correctional institutions and criminalistic features to identify the circumstances that contributed to them. The importance and necessity of conducting an interrogation in the process of identifying the circumstances that contributed to the commission of penitentiary crimes is pointed out, the search is justified to solve preventive tasks, the possibilities of various types of investigative inspections are considered when organizing preventive activities .
Keywords: prevention, crime, convict, correctional institution, investigative action.
Work bibliographic list
1. The results of the activities of institutions, bodies and enterprises of the penitentiary system for 2016-2021 // Statistical reporting form of the Federal Penitentiary Service-1. Access from the AIS “Statistics of UIS”.
2. Gryazeva N. V., Kopytkin S. A. Features of the tactics of interrogation of suspects in cases of escapes from correctional institutions // Bulletin of the Kuzbass Institute. 2017. No. 2 (31). pp. 124-128.
3. Gryazeva N. V., Belyakov A. V. Theoretical and applied aspects of the investigation of escapes from correctional institutions. Moscow, 2017. Ser. Criminologist’s library. 192 p.
4. Nesterova O. I., Gnedova N. P. The use of operational-search data when establishing circumstances to be proved in the investigation of escapes from correctional institutions // Man: crime and punishment. 2019. V. 27. No. 1. S. 76-79.
5. Kubanov VV Peculiarities of obtaining testimony during the investigation of penitentiary crimes // Eurasian legal journal. 2021. No. 4 (155). pp. 349-350.
6. Rakhmankin E. A., Sorokina O. E. Organization of a general search in institutions of the penitentiary system // Public service and personnel. 2022. No. 3. S. 221-222.

CRIMINAL PROCESS
POPOVA Olga Aleksandrovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor docent of Management of investigative activities sub-faculty of the Educational and Scientific Complex Preliminary Investigation in the Internal Affairs of the Volgograd Academy of the MIA of Russia
TERMINATION OF CRIMINAL CASES INITIATED ON THE FACTS OF DELIBERATE VIOLATION OF SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RULES RESULTING IN MASS INFECTION WITH A NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19 OR THREAT THEREOF
The article, based on the study of investigative practice, reveals the reasons for the termination of criminal cases initiated on the facts of deliberate violation of sanitary and epidemiological rules, which entailed a massive infection of the new coronavirus infections COVID-19 or the threat of such. The grounds for termination of criminal cases selected by the investigators were considered. Attention is focused on the mistakes made by investigators when initiating criminal cases of this category, which predetermined the further termination of criminal cases.
Keywords: termination of a criminal case, grounds for termination of a criminal case, violation of sanitary and epidemiological rules, new coronavirus infection COVID-19.
Work bibliographic list
1. On Amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and Articles 31 and 151 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation: Federal Law No. 100-FZ dated April 1, 2020. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: ATP “ConsultantPlus”.
2. Guidelines for the application by employees of the internal affairs bodies of the new provisions of the Code of the Russian Federation on administrative offenses, the Criminal and Criminal Procedure Codes of the Russian Federation, introduced due to the need for an emergency response to challenges related to the spread of a new coronavirus infection / Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia // On the direction of information : letter of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated February 1, 2020 No. 1/3687.
3. Decision to terminate the criminal case No. (data taken) dated December 30, 2020, issued by the investigator (data taken) for the Jewish Autonomous Region.
4. Review on certain issues of judicial practice related to the application of legislation and measures to counter the spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) No. 3 in the Russian Federation / approved. Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on February 17, 2021. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_377296/.
5. Decision to terminate the criminal case No. (data taken) dated June 28, 2021, issued by the investigator for the (data taken) district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
6. Decision to terminate the criminal case No. (data taken) dated March 21, 2021, issued by the investigator for the (data taken) district (Trans-Baikal Territory).
7. Ruling on initiating a motion before the court to terminate criminal prosecution against a person accused of committing a crime, small severity and the imposition of a criminal law measure on the accused in the form of a judicial fine dated March 31, 2021, issued by the investigator for the (data taken) district of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
8. Decision to terminate the criminal case, case No. (data taken) of 09/08/2021, issued by the deputy of the initial investigation department for the (data taken) district of the Voronezh region.

CRIMINAL PROCESS
SERDYUKOVA Elena Vladimirovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of the Stavropol branch of the RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation
CHUNIKHA Angelika Arslanovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of the Stavropol branch of the RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation
ZINOVJEVA Elena Olegovna
lecturer of Legal and special disciplines sub-faculty of the Stavropol branch of the RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation
ANALYSIS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE ON THE DISCLOSURE OF TESTIMONY OF WITNESSES AND VICTIMS IN COURT
The article deals with the issues of reading out the testimony of a victim or a witness and playing a video recording or filming of investigative actions carried out with their participation; jurisprudence analyzes the possibility of highlighting the grounds under which higher courts recognize violations of Part 2 of Art. 281 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation during the reading of testimony in the first instance.
Keywords: court, victims, witnesses, competition, immediacy, confrontation, trial.
Work bibliographic list
1. Kalnitsky V.V. The ratio of criminal pre-trial and judicial proceedings as an educational problem // Legislation and practice -2018. – No. 1 (40). – S. 63.
2. Markova T.Yu. Announcement in court of testimony of witnesses and victims given at the stage of preliminary investigation // Lex Russica. – 2016. – No. 9 (118). – S. 163.
3. Osodoeva N.V. The legality of the announcement of the testimony of witnesses and victims who did not appear in court // Criminal trial. – 2022. – No. 7. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://e.ugpr.ru/975109
4. Pavlova Z. The CC again stressed that the testimony of victims and witnesses is read out in exceptional cases. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.advgazeta.ru/novosti/ks-vnov-podcherknul-chto-pokazaniya-poterpevshikh-i-svideteley-oglashayutsya-v-isklyuchitelnykh-sluchayakh/

CRIMINAL PROCESS
NAZARKIN Evgeniy Valerjevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Criminal process and criminalistics sub-faculty of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
SULEYMANOV Talyat Alievich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Criminal process and criminalistics sub-faculty of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
NOVIKOVA Lyudmila Vladislavovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, Deputy Head of Criminal process and criminalistics sub-faculty of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
DANILOVA Irina Yurjevna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor of Criminal process and criminalistics sub-faculty of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
EXPERIENCE IN THE FORMATION OF EVIDENCE BASE IN CASES OF CRIMES RELATED TO ILLICIT DRUG TRAFFICKING
The bodies of preliminary investigation and inquiry have accumulated sufficient experience in collecting and verifying evidence in cases of crimes related to illicit drug trafficking. But investigative and judicial practice make mistakes related to the process of proof in this category of cases, as evidenced by repeated decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation [1].
Keywords: collection, verification and evaluation of evidence, criminal investigation, illegal drug trafficking.
Work bibliographic list
1. Decree of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation “On judicial practice in cases of crimes related to narcotic drugs, psychotropic, potent and poisonous substances” dated June 15, 2006, No. 14, dated December 23, 2010 No. 31, 27.09. 2011 No. 14, dated June 30, 2015 No. 30 and dated May 16, 2017 No. 17.
2. Shatukhina I. L., Rakhmatulin Z. R. The essence and some features of the means of proof in cases of drug trafficking // Epoch of Science. – 2018. – No. 15. – P. 44.
3. Avilov A. V. The concept and elements of the process of proof in criminal cases // Society and Law. – 2009. – No. 5 (27). – S. 228.
4. Deinis D. V., Voronin S. E. To the question of the peculiarities of proof in cases of illegal drug trafficking // Epoch of Science. – 2018. – No. 14. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/k-voprosu-ob-osobennostyah-dokazyvaniya-po-delam-o-nezakonnom-oborote-narkoticheskih-sredstv (date of access: 08/22/2022).
5. Bitov A. A. Identification and disclosure of crimes in the sphere of drug trafficking committed using information technologies // Problems of Economics and Legal Practice. – 2018. – No. 5. – P. 272.
6. Aleksandrova O. Yu. The subject and limits of proof in criminal cases involving minors in crimes in the field of drug trafficking // Bulletin of the Siberian Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2013. – No. 1 (12). – S. 31.
7. Kushkhov R. Kh. Circumstances to be established in the investigation of crimes related to drug trafficking // Gaps in Russian legislation. Legal Journal. – 2017. – No. 3. – P. 78.

CRIMINAL PROCESS
TOPCHIEVA Tatyana Vladimirovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal process sub-faculty of the Barnaul Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF INTERROGATION USING VIDEO CONFERENCING AT THE STAGE OF PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION
The article outlines the theoretical and practical problems that arise before the preliminary investigation bodies when conducting an interrogation in a remote format. The norms of Article 189.1 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation are subjected to a detailed study. The author substantiates the need for further improvement of the norms of the criminal procedure law regulating the conduct of interrogation using video conferencing during pre-trial proceedings.
Keywords: preliminary investigation bodies, criminal case, participants in the criminal process, separate investigative actions, proving.
Work bibliographic list
1. Gaas N. N. The use of videoconferencing in the production of investigative actions at the stage of preliminary investigation: changes that the practice needs // Russian investigator. – 2021. – No. 12.

CRIMINAL PROCESS
TAOVA Liliya Yurjevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Special disciplines sub-faculty of the North-Caucasus Institute of Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, colonel of police
ARDAVOV Mikhail Mukhamedinovich
Ph.D. in Law, Head of Special disciplines sub-faculty of the North Caucasian Institute of Advanced Training (branch) of Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, colonel of police
EVIDENCE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
The legality of criminal procedural procedures is the main requirement and condition for fair adjudication. In this article, the author considers the admissibility of evidence as a criterion of legality. Consideration of information, sources and forms of evidence allows a deeper understanding of the problem of the admissibility of the application of certain facts. The author also raises the problem of p ermissible violations in obtaining evidence by considering the recoverability and irreplaceability of violations committed in obtaining and processing evidence. The article touches upon the issues of relevance and sufficiency of evidence as important factors affecting the objectivity and correctness of the decision in the case.
Keywords: evidence, admissibility, legality, enforceability of violations, information, sources of the form of evidence, the proper nature of evidence, relevance, sufficiency.
Work bibliographic list
1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation (adopted by popular vote on 12/12/1993 with amendments approved during the nationwide vote on 07/01/2020). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: ATP “ConsultantPlus”.
2. Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation (CPC RF) dated December 18, 2001 No. 174-FZ (last edition). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: ATP “ConsultantPlus”.
3. Barabash A.S. The nature of the Russian criminal process, the goals of criminal procedure and their establishment. – St. Petersburg: R. Aslanov Publishing House “Legal Center Press”, 2005. – 257 p.
4. Davletov A. A. Fundamentals of criminal procedure knowledge. – Sverdlovsk: Ural Publishing House. un-ta, 1991. – 152 p.
5. Dorokhov V. Ya. The concept of a source of evidence // Actual problems of proof in the Soviet criminal process. Abstracts of speeches at a theoretical seminar held by the All-Russian Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR on March 27, 1981 – M .: Publishing house of the All-Union Research Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, 1981. – S. 7-12
6. Rogava I. G., Yalovaya D. V., Admissibility as a property of evidence in criminal proceedings // International Journal of the Humanities and Natural Sciences. – 2019. – No. 2-2. – P. 173-175.
7. Ryabchikov V. V., Kornienko D. O. Problems of the admissibility of evidence in criminal proceedings // StudNet. – 2021. – No. 7. – P. 343-348.
8. Serednev V. A. Problems of the admissibility of evidence in criminal proceedings // MNKO. – 2012. – No. 3. – P. 324-331.

CRIMINAL PROCESS
ALIEV Khibi Kurbanovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, North Caucasus Institute (branch) of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Makhachkala
MARIANOV Alikhan Abdulaevich
Ph.D. in historical sciences, Dagestan State University branch in Izberbash, Dagestan State Pedagogical University
FEATURES OF TESTIMONY OF VICTIMS, WITNESSES OF MINORS IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
The article is devoted to the study of the problems of the interrogation of minors involved in criminal proceedings. The authors of the article conduct a review analysis of the legislation regulating the specifics of the interrogation of juvenile suspects and accused. The author pays attention to both procedural and tactical, as well as psychological features of these interrogations. The article offers a comparative analysis of modern approaches to the interrogation of minor victims and witnesses in modern criminal proceedings in Russia. The authors come to a reasonable conclusion about the need to clarify the procedural rules for the interrogation of minor victims and witnesses and to solve problems related to the organization of the process of obtaining and announcing the testimony of these special participants in the process. The conclusion is made about the need to improve the procedural legislation regulating the interrogation of juvenile suspects and accused in criminal cases.
Keywords: criminal proceedings, interrogation, video recording, filming, minor, victim witness, legal representative, defender.
Work bibliographic list
1. Brusnitsyn L. V. New rules for interrogation of minor victims and witnesses during the preliminary investigation and in court // Criminal Law. – 2015. – No. 3. – P. 90-94.
2. Gross G. Guide for forensic investigators as a system of criminalistics. – M.: LeksEst, 2002. – S. 180.
3. Kalnitsky V. V., Ovchinnikova M. M. Video recording by the investigator (interrogator) of the testimony of a minor victim or witness // Legislation and practice. – 2016. – No. 1. – P. 33.
4. Karagodin V. N., Kazakov A. A. Tactical, organizational and procedural problems of pre-trial proceedings on the facts of crimes committed against minors // Lex russica. – 2017. – No. 6. – P. 141-155.

CRIMINAL PROCESS
BALOVINA Irina Valerjevna
senior lecturer of Criminal process sub-faculty, adjunct of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
IMPROVING THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL ACTIVITY OF THE INVESTIGATOR IN ORDER TO INCREASE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE EVIDENCE BASE IN A CRIMINAL CASE
The article discusses the activities of the preliminary investigation bodies to assess evidence in the criminal case proceedings, in particular, the investigator determines not only the signs, but also what evidence was obtained, how it was framed, and also investigate in relation to a specific criminal case. It is shown that the properties of evidence in a criminal case are important for establishing their admissibility. When evaluating evidence, the investigator must take into account their various characteris tics, as well as the conditions for the formation of such evidence.
Keywords: preliminary investigation, subject of proof, proof, assessment of admissibility, operational investigative activity.
Work bibliographic list
1. Rossinsky S. B. Reflections on the essence of proof in criminal proceedings // Lex russica (Russian law). – 2020. – No. 9 (166). – S. 63-76.
2. Savin VV On the question of the reliability and admissibility of the results of operational-search activities // Man in the world of nature and culture. Tribune of the young: collection of materials of the International scientific-practical conference. – 2018. – S. 357-360.
3. Shcherbich L. A. On the issue of verifying evidence by an investigator in pre-trial proceedings // Evidence and proof in criminal proceedings: history, modernity and development prospects: a collection of articles based on materials from the International Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the 95th anniversary of the birth of Tsili Moiseevna Kaz. Editorial Board: Yu. V. Frantsiforov [and others]. – Saratov, 2020. – S. 180-182.

CRIMINAL PROCESS
SENCHENKO Sergey Konstantinovich
postgraduate student of Criminal process and criminalistics sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Siberian Federal University, lawyer of the Bar Association of the Yenisei Siberia (Krasnoyarsk Krai)
THE OBJECTION TO THE ACTIONS OF THE PRESIDING OFFICER AS A METHOD OF DEFENSE: PROBLEMS OF REGULATION AND LAW ENFORCEMENT
In the presented article, the author analyzes the right of the participants in the process to object to the actions of the presiding judge provided for by the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. The author raises the problems that arise in advocacy related to the implementation of this right, and also offers specific recommendations for their settlement.
Keywords: lawyer, objection, complaint, defender, statement, presiding officer, petition.
Work bibliographic list
1. Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation: Federal Law of December 18, 2001 No. 174-FZ // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. – 2001. – No. 52. – Art. 4921.
2. On the procedure for considering applications from citizens of the Russian Federation: Federal Law of 02.05.2006 N 59-FZ // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. – 2006. – No. 19. – Art. 2060.
3. On advocacy and advocacy in the Russian Federation: Federal Law of May 31, 2002 No. 63-FZ // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. -2002. – No. 23. – Art. 2102.
4. Code of professional ethics of a lawyer // Bulletin of the Federal Chamber of Lawyers of the Russian Federation. – 2003. – No. 3.
5. On the approval and implementation of the Instructions on the procedure for considering applications and receiving citizens in the prosecutor’s office of the Russian Federation: Order of the Prosecutor General’s Office of Russia dated January 30, 2013 No. 45 // Legality. – 2013. – No. 4.
6. Barikhin A. B. Big legal encyclopedia. (Series “Professional reference books and encyclopedias”). – M.: Knizhny Mir, 2010. – 960 p.
7. Big explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. / Comp. and Ch. ed. S. A. Kuznetsov. – St. Petersburg: “Norint”, 2000. – 1536 p.
8. Gasparyan, N. Your honor, I object! – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://fparf.ru/polemic/opinions/vasha-chest-ya-vozrazhayu/ (date of access: 11/21/2021).
9. Novolodsky Yu. Remarks on any objections! – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://fparf.ru/polemic/opinions/zamechaniya-za-lyubye-vozrazheniya/ (date of access: 12/01/2021).
10. Ozhegov S. I. Explanatory Dictionary of Ozhegov // Academician. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ogegova/26718 (date of access: 12/21/2021).
11. Ragulin A. V. Modern problems of regulation and protection of the professional rights of a lawyer-defender in Russia. – M.: “YURKOMPANI”, 2012. – 544 p.
12. Ushakov D. N. Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov // Academician. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/762674 (date of access: 12/21/2021).

CRIMINAL PROCESS
TANECHNIK Yuliya Sergeevna
adjunct of Criminal process sub-faculty of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, senior lieutenant of justice
SOME PROBLEMS OF SEARCHING THE SUSPECT IN THE ACTIVITY OF THE INVESTIGATOR
The article examines the suspect’s concealment from the investigation authorities in order to evade criminal responsibility. The analysis of the provisions of the criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation allowed to establish the problems of law enforcement detention of the suspect, which was discovered during the search activities of the inquiry bodies. Proposals were provided to eliminate the identified legislative shortcomings at the stage of preliminary investigation. According to the results of the study, conclusions are formulated for the improvement of criminal procedure legislation.
Keywords: search, suspect, accused, investigator, inquiry body, preliminary investigation.
Work bibliographic list
1. Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation: Federal Law No. 174-FZ of December 18, 2001. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_34481/ (date of access: 03/30/2021).
2. About operational-search activity: Federal Law of August 12, 1995 No. 144-FZ. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_7519/ (date of access: 01/22/2022).
3. On the police: Federal Law of February 7, 2011 No. 3-FZ. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/popular/police/ (date of access: 03/30/2021).
4. Kunov I. M. Legal nature of the activity of an investigator in a suspended criminal case // Humanitarian, socio-economic and social sciences. – 2018. – No. 3. – P. 92-98.
5. Portal of legal statistics of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://crimestat.ru (date of access: 05/25/2022).
6. Selkhe M. Ya. Legal regulation of the suspension of a criminal case against a suspect hiding from the investigation, the accused // Law and Law. – 2018. – No. 12. – P. 112-115.
7. Smolkova I. V. Search and detention of a suspect hiding from the preliminary investigation // Bulletin of the East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2021. – No. 2. – P. 129-138.

CRIMINAL PROCESS
SARDAROV Jamil Rovshan oglu
postgraduate student of Judicial power, law enforcement and human rights activities sub-faculty of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
ELECTRONIC JUSTICE IN CRIMINAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS
In this article, the author analyzes the importance of the development of electronic justice in the Russian Federation in criminal and administrative proceedings, as well as proceedings in cases of administrative offenses. The author also examines the current state of the regulatory and legal regulation of electronic justice in the Russian Federation in criminal and administrative proceedings, as well as proceedings on administrative offenses, and assesses the existing advantages and disadvantages of the existing model of electronic justice in these types of proceedings.
Keywords: electronic justice, legal regulation, criminal proceedings, administrative proceedings, proceedings in cases of administrative offenses
Work bibliographic list
1. Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation dated December 18, 2001 No. 174-FZ (as amended on July 18, 2022) // Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation. 2001. No. 52 (part I). Art. 4921.
2. Federal Law of June 23, 2016 No. 220-FZ “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation Regarding the Application of Electronic Documents in the Activities of Judicial Authorities” // Official Internet Portal of Legal Information. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.pravo.gov.ru, 06/23/2016,
3. Criminal-jurisdictional activity in the conditions of digitalization: monograph / N.A. Golovanova, A.A. Gravina, O.A. Zaitsev and others. M.: IZiSP, KONTRAKT, 2019.
4. The most absurd criminal case in Russia: 100 volumes, 29 investigators, 8 years of proceedings – to prove the guilt of an innocent. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.kp.ru/daily/27428/4629337/ (accessed 07/29/2022)
5. Prosecutor General’s Office: law enforcement officers lost 270,000 criminal cases. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://pravo.ru/news/view/120572/ (accessed 29.07.2022)
6. Where criminal cases disappear. Losses begin with the materials of pre-investigation checks. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.ng.ru/politics/2020-02-13/3_7794_extinction.html (accessed 07/29/2022)
7. Code of Administrative Procedure of the Russian Federation dated March 8, 2015 No. 21-FZ (as amended on June 11, 2022) // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. 2015. No. 10. Art. 1391.
8. Federal Law of December 30, 2021 No. 440-FZ “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation” // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. No. 1. 2022.
9. Reshetnyak V.I., Smagina E.S. Application of information technologies in administrative proceedings // Arbitration and civil process. 2016. No. 4. P. 40-46.
10. Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses of December 30, 2001 No. 195-FZ (as amended on July 14, 2022) // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. 2002. No. 1 (part 1). Art. one.

CRIMINAL AND EXECUTIVE LAW
ANANJEV Oleg Gennadjevich
senior lecturer of Social psychology and social work sub-faculty of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
ANANJEVA Zhanna Nikolaevna
student of the 3rd course of the full-time student of the Psychology Department of the Institute of Training of State and Municipal Employees of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
ANANJEVA Ekaterina Olegovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty of the Institute for Training State and Municipal Employees of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
PROBLEMS OF RE-SOCIALIZATION OF MINORS IN CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS
This article describes the problems of the criminological approach to the study of the personality of a teenager in order to prevent him from committing offenses and the work of bodies and institutions of the penal enforcement system for the re-socialization of minors serving criminal sentences. The paper examines the problems of minors committing illegal acts and attemp ts to create a set of measures that contribute to the normalization of their behavior in society.
Keywords: penal enforcement legislation, juvenile offenders, criminological characteristics, resocialization.
Work bibliographic list
1. Brief description of the penitentiary system of the Russian Federation. [Electronic resource]. – Working hours: https://fsin.gov.ru/structure/inspector/iao/statistika/Kratkaya%20har-ka%20UIS/ (date of access: 07.07.2022).
2. Portal of legal statistics of the General Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation // General Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation: official website. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://crimestat.ru/analytics (date of access: 07.07.2022).
3. Grudinin N. S. The personality of a minor Russian criminal and the mechanisms of its formation. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://docplayer.ru/54628982-Grudinin-n-s-lichnost-nesovershennoletnego-rossiyskogo-prestupnika-i-mehanizm-eyo-formirovaniya.html (date of access: 07.07.2022).

CRIMINAL AND EXECUTIVE LAW
BELOVA Ekaterina Yurjevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Criminal law disciplines sub-faculty of the Pskov branch of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
BELOV Vladislav Ivanovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, of Law enforcement, criminal law and process sub-faculty of the Pskov State University
THE FUNCTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS IN THE FORMATION OF THE PENAL POLICY OF RUSSIA
The article notes that international standards in modern world conditions continue to be a foreign policy factor in the development of not only the state as a whole, but also its separate element – penal policy. In the context of Russia’s withdrawal from the Council of Europe and the denunciation of the European Convention on Human Rights, the role of standards in the field of execution of sentences adopted by the United Nations is increasing. The authors consider the functions of international standards at the stage of the formation of penal enforcement policy – axiological, epistemological and prognostic.
Keywords: international standards, international penitentiary standards, convicts, penal enforcement policy, functions of international standards, axiological function, epistemological function, prognostic function.
Work bibliographic list
1. Grushin F. V. The system of factors that determine the development of penal policy and penal legislation: author. dis. … doc. legal Sciences. – Yekaterinburg, 2019. – 44 p.
2. Belova E. Yu. On the issue of the impact of international standards in the treatment of prisoners (convicts) on the penitentiary policy of Russia // development of the penitentiary system: organizational, legal and economic aspects: Sat. materials intl. scientific-practical. Conf., Novosibirsk, Novokuznetsk, 2021. – P. 11-17.
3. [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: http://www.unodc.org/documents/commissions/CCPCJ/CCPCJSessions/CCP CJ24/resolutions/L6_Rev1/ECN152015_L6Rev1_r_V1503587 (accessed 21.09.2022).
4. See, for example, Grushin F. V., Belova E. Yu., Peremolotova L. Yu., Belov V. I. On the issue of international legal consolidation of social adaptation (resocialization) of persons released and released from correctional institutions // The penitentiary system: realities and development prospects: materials of the III International scientific and practical conference. Pskov, 2021, pp. 102–116; Social adaptation (resocialization) of persons released and released from correctional facilities: results of a theoretical study / Under scientific. ed. V. I. Seliverstov. – M.: Publishing house “Jurisprudence”, 2020. – 368 p.
5. Penal Code of the Russian Federation: General part (scientific and theoretical model) / Edited by the scientific supervisor of the REC of the Faculty of Law of Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Law, Professor V. I. Seliverstov . – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://new-am47n.law.msu.ru/files/file/Scientific-theoretical model of the PEC.pdf.pdf.
6. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/bangkok_rules.shtml (date of access: 09/21/2022).

CRIMINAL AND EXECUTIVE LAW
LELIK Nataliya Borisovna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor, Head of Service-combat and tactical-special training sub-faculty of the Tomsk Institute of Advanced Training of Employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia (FKU DPO Tomsk IPKR of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia), colonel of the internal service
INTEGRATED SECURITY SYSTEMS USED IN THE PENAL ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article is dedicated to the actual problems of improving the engineering and technical means of protection and supervision in the institutions of the penitentiary system. The historical aspect of the use of information collection and processing systems is considered, examples of software integration of systems that are part of the integrated security system of UIS institutions are g iven, recommendations for the further use of integrated security systems are given. In addition, the article provides the provisions of the Concept of the development of the penal enforcement system until 2030, in the field of improving and ensuring security in places of deprivation of liberty with the introduction of digital transformation and scientific and technological development. Statistical data on the use of integrated security systems in the territorial bodies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Russian Federation are presented.
Keywords: engineering and technical means of protection and supervision; integrated security system; institutions of the penitentiary system.
Work bibliographic list
1. The concept of development of the penitentiary system of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030: Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated April 29, 2021 No. 1138-r // Official Internet portal of legal information. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru (date of visit: 09/01/2022).
2. On the approval of the Manual on the equipment of engineering and technical means of protection and supervision of objects of the penitentiary system: order of the Ministry of Justice of Russia dated 04.09.2006 No. 279 // Official Internet portal of legal information. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru (date of visit: 09/05/2022).
3. On amendments to the order of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation dated September 4, 2006 No. 279 “On approval of the Manual on equipping engineering and technical means of protection and supervision of objects of the penitentiary system” // order of the Ministry of Justice of Russia dated 17.06.2013 No. 94 / / Official Internet portal of legal information. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru (date of visit: 09/06/2022)
4. Security systems are complex and integrated. General technical requirements // Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology – GOST R 53704-2009. Moscow. Standartinform, 2010. 31 p.
5. On approval of the Procedure for ensuring the security of objects of the penitentiary system, as well as bodies of the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation: order of the Ministry of Justice of Russia dated 10/11/2018 No. 211 (as amended on 08/14/2019). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://base.garant.ru/72101942/#friends (date of visit: 09/06/2022).
6. Dergachev A.V. Technical means of video surveillance in the organization of the regime of a correctional institution // Penitentiary Law. 2009. No. 1. P.47-49.
7. Boykov K.K. Equipment and organization of the activities of the posts of security television systems of institutions of the penal system: a tutorial. Tomsk: FKU DPO Tomsk IPKR FPS of Russia. 2018. 80 p.
8. On the results of the activities of the departments of engineering and technical support of the penal system in 2020 and tasks for 2021: indication of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia dated March 25, 2021 No. ref. 09. 19541. The document was not published.

CRIMINAL AND EXECUTIVE LAW
LYADOV Eduard Vladimirovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, professor of Penitentiary law sub-faculty of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
REPLACEMENT OF CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT IN THE FORM OF DISCLAIMER BY FORCED LABOR AS A MORE LESS PUNISHMENT
This article discusses the issues of replacing the criminal punishment in the form of deprivation of liberty with a milder type of punishment – forced labor. Attention is drawn to the expansion of both the practice of applying this institution and the number of persons annually registered with the IC (UFIC). It is emphasized that at present the controversial issue related to parole from serving a sentence has been resolved in relation to persons who were replaced by deprivation of liberty with forced labor under Art. 80 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: criminal punishment, deprivation of liberty, forced labor, sentencing, execution of punishment, convict, sentence, replacement with a milder type of punishment.
Work bibliographic list
1. Konkina O. V. Replacing the unserved part of punishment with a milder form of punishment: dis. … cand. legal Sciences. – Ryazan, 2000. – P. 54.
2. Abdullin E. M. Replacement of punishment in the criminal legislation of Russia (legal nature, types, characteristics): dis. … cand. legal Sciences. – Ulyanovsk, 2008. – P. 47.
3. On the judicial practice of parole from serving a sentence, replacing the unserved part of the punishment with a milder type of punishment: Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court Ros. Federation dated April 21, 2009 No. 8 (as amended on October 28, 2021) // Bulletin of the Supreme Court Ros. Federation. – 2009. – No. 7.
4. Summary statistical information on the activities of federal courts of general jurisdiction and justices of the peace for 2019–2021 [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.cdep.ru/index.php?id=79 (date of access: 28.09.2022).
5. Statistical form of the Federal Penitentiary Service-1 subsection 15.1. “Information on the activities of correctional centers and sites functioning as correctional centers” for 2019-2021. (Documents have not been published).
6. On the transfer of a cassation complaint for consideration in court Denmark of the court of cassation: decision of the Supreme Court Ros. Federation of December 27, 2019 No. 78-uks19-527-KZ. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.advgazeta.ru/upload/medialibrary/275/Postanovlenie-78_UKS19_527_K3.pdf (date of access: 09/28/2022).
7. Cassation ruling of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated July 16, 2020 No. 78-UDPO20-6-KZ. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://vsrf.ru/stor_pdf.php?id=1904140 (accessed 09/28/2022).
8. On amendments to some decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on criminal cases: decision of the Plenum of the Supreme Court Ros. Federation of October 28, 2021 No. 32 // Bulletin of the Supreme Court Ros. Federation. – 2021. – No. 12.
9. On the refusal to accept for consideration the complaint of citizen Tkachev Dmitry Sergeevich about the violation of his constitutional rights by parts one and three of Article 79, parts one and two of Article 80 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as well as paragraph 2 of the decision of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation “On judicial practice conditional early release from serving a sentence, replacing the unserved part of the sentence with a milder type of punishment “: ruling of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of December 19, 2019 No. 3357-O. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://doc.ksrf.ru/decision/KSRFDecision451035.pdf (date of access: 09/28/2022).

CRIMINAL AND EXECUTIVE LAW
PEYZAK Anastasia Viktorovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal law and criminology sub-faculty of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
EDUCATION AS AN ELEMENT OF THE SOCIAL ADAPTATION OF CONVICTS IN AUSTRALIA, THE UNITED KINGDOM AND THE UNITED STATES
The article notes the important role of obtaining the necessary professional education for persons sentenced to deprivation of liberty, which is assigned to it by the countries of the Common Law system. The article lists the main directions and levels of education available to convicts in Australia, Great Britain and the United States. The economic significance of providing an opportunity to receive an education for a prisoner in order to prevent his or her return to places of deprivation of liberty was substantiated on the basis of the example of the United States of America. The author points out that the Australian approach to social adaptation and education for convicts is well developed and systematic and deserves further research.
Keywords: education of convicts, social adaptation, resocialization, correction of convicts, social adaptation, Australia, UK, USA.
Work bibliographic list
1. Rezhapova I. M. Education for prisoners abroad // Theory and practice of scientific research: psychology, pedagogy, economics and management. – 2020. – No. 1 (9). – S. 56-62. – EDN LLBYGD.
2. Vocational education and training for adult prisoners and offenders in Australia: Research readings. Edited by Susan Dawe (2007). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED499730.pdf (Accessed 04.05.2022).

CRIMINAL AND EXECUTIVE LAW
KUTUZOVA Elena Romanovna
magister student of the Zabaykalsky State University, Chita
THE ACTIVITIES OF PUBLIC MONITORING COMMISSIONS TO ENSURE HUMAN RIGHTS IN PLACES OF DETENTION IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article examines issues that characterize the organizational and legal aspects of the activities of public formations in different countries that exercise control over ensuring the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of a person in places of detention. This interest is caused by the factors of violation of the rights of persons in places of detention, which were covered in the media. Such factors cause general activity and give an incentive to social formations. In most countries, the Ombudsman or similar public authorities have been chosen as the body for regular visits to places of detention. In each state, activities to control places of detention are carried out in various forms. It depends on the development of the national legal system, the political system and various other indicators.
Keywords: international acts, ombudsman, public formations, places of detention, public control, ensuring human rights, state bodies, rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of a person.
Work bibliographic list
1. Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment of 10 December 1984: Adopted by General Assembly resolution 39/46 of 10 December 1984. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: ATP “ConsultantPlus: International legal acts”.
2. Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment: adopted by resolution 57/199 of the UN General Assembly on December 18, 2002 – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: ATP “ConsultantPlus: International legal acts”.
3. Federal Law of June 10, 2008 No. 76-FZ “On Public Cont the role of ensuring human rights in places of detention and on assistance to persons in places of detention”. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: SPS “ConsultantPlus.
4. Albania: People’s Advocate // Avokatipopullit. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.avokatipopullit.gov.al/English (Accessed: 02/09/2020).
5. Bundesgesetzüberdie Kommissionzur Verhütungvon Folter // Die Bundesbehörden der Schweizerischen Eidgenossenschaft. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20092626/index.html (accessed 19.02.2020).
6. Commission nationale de prévention de la torture // Commission nationale de prévention de la torture. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.nkvf.admin.ch/content/nkvf/en/home/die_oe.html (Accessed: 02/19/2020).
7. Frequently Asked Questions // The Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department Citizen Review Board. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.citizenreviewboard.com/Default.aspx (Accessed: 02/19/2020).
8. About Portland Copwatch // Portland Copwatch. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.portlandcopwatch.org/whois.html (Accessed: 02/19/2020).
9. The Function and Role of the Board of Police Commissioners [Electronic resource] // Los Angeles Police Department. – [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: http://www.lapdonline.org/police_commission/content_basic_view/900 (accessed 22.02.2020).
10. UK Prisons Act 1952 – [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: https://prisons.org.uk/prisoners-the-law/

CRIMINAL AND EXECUTIVE LAW
MIKHAYLOV Vyacheslav Sergeevich
senior lecturer of R&D in the penal system sub-faculty of the Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
EREMEEVA Elizaveta Yurjevna
5th year student of the Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
PROVISION OF TELEPHONE CONVERSATIONS TO CONVICTS, THEIR ACCOUNTING AND CONTROL IN IU UIS RF
This article considers the issue of providing telephone conversations to the Information Institution of the UIS of the Russian Federation. It is characterized by the importance of providing a call for the convict, as well as negative influences in its implementation. The procedure for providing telephone conversations.
The authors indicated how the control and accounting of calls to the IU is carried out. Noted the most important problems. We turned to the international experience of granting the right to a phone call to a convict.
Keywords: convict, telephone conversations; ringing; employee; social ties; correctional institution; crime; offense.
Work bibliographic list
1. Federal Law “On operational-search activity” dated 12.08.1995 No. 144-FZ (last edition) // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. 2014. No. 9. Art. 851.
2. Goryainov K. K., Shchetnev L. E. Features of the application of legislative provisions in the implementation of operational-search measures in places of deprivation of liberty // Penal system: law, economics, management. 2019. No. 1. S. 22-25.
3. Galakhov S. S. Legal and organizational bases for the implementation of operational-search activities in premises operating in the mode of pre-trial detention centers // Penal system: law, economics, management. 2018. No. 3. S. 3-6.
4. Fedorov A. A., Dergachev A. V. Prevention of the entry of prohibited items into the penitentiary // Vedomosti penitentiary system. 2013. No. 11. S. 34-35.
5. Goryainov K. K., Sivirkin F. D. Operational and technical measures that limit the right to privacy of telephone conversations in relation to persons serving sentences in correctional institutions // Penal system: law, economics, management. 2018. No. 1. S. 7-10.
References
1. Federal Law “On Operational-Search Activities” dated 12.08.1995 No. 144-FZ (latest edition)//Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. 2014. No. 9. Art. 851.
2. Goryainov K.K., Shchetnev L.E. Peculiarities of the application of legislative provisions in the implementation of operational-search measures in places of detention//Criminal executive system: law, economics, management. 2019. No. 1. S. 22-25.
3. Galakhov S. S. Legal and organizational foundations for the implementation of operational-search activities in premises operating in the mode of pre-trial detention centers//Criminal executive system: law, economics, management. 2018. No. 3. S. 3-6.
4. Fedorov A. A., Dergachev A. V. Prevention of the receipt of prohibited things in the IU// Vedomosti of the penal system. 2013. No. 11. S. 34-35.
5. Goryainov K.K., Sivirkin F.D. Operational and technical measures that limit the right to secrecy of telephone conversations in relation to persons serving sentences in correctional institutions//Criminal executive system: law, economics, management. 2018. No. 1. S. 7-10.

CRIMINAL AND EXECUTIVE LAW
OVINOVA Yuliya Anatoljevna
senior operative of the Department of Internal Security of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for the Rep ublic of Khakassia, Major of Internal Service, adjunct of the Faculty of Training of Scientific and Pedagogical Personnel of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
ZABRODIN Aleksandr Vladimirovich
senior operative of the operational group of the FKU IK-28 of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for the Republic of Khakassia, senior lieutenant of the internal service, postgraduate student of the Siberian Federal University
ON SOME CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE COMMISSION AND INVESTIGATION OF MASS RIOTS IN PLACES OF DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY BY PERSONS CONVICTED OF TERRORIST CRIMES (BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF THE PRACTICE OF CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE FEDERAL PENITENTIARY SERVICE OF RUSSIA IN THE REPUBLIC OF KHAKASSIA)
The article examines the criminalistic characteristics of mass riots in one of the correctional institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia in the Republic of Khakassia, the causes of their occurrence in this institution, the specifics of the investigation of this crime. The role of convicted persons in the commission of an illegal act, special participation in the organization of mass riots of convicted persons for crimes against public safety and public order – terrorist criminals.
Keywords: mass riots, causes of mass riots, criminalistic characteristics of mass riots, terrorism.
Work bibliographic list
1. Akchurin A. V. A typical penitentiary criminal: from criminology to forensics. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/tipichnyy-penitentsiarnyy-prestupnik-ot-kriminologii-k-kriminalistike (date of access: 06/18/2022).
2. Yengibaryan V. G. Investigation of riots: theoretical, organizational and methodological and forensic foundations based on the materials of the Republic of Armenia: dis. … for the degree of Doctor of Law. – Moscow, 2015. – 422 p.
3. Magomedov A. A., Makaryan T. A. Criminological characteristics of the personality of a terrorist criminal // Bulletin of the Academy of Economic Security of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2011. – No. 2. – S. 42-46.
4. Ogannisyan S. G., Reshetnyak S. R. Terrorism as a global problem of our time: legal aspects of the fight against terrorism // North Caucasus: spatial development and human capital. – 2018. – No. 1. – P. 155-159.
5. Teplyashin P. V. Formation and development of the theory of special prevention (private prevention) of crime in the context of social and legal harmonization of imprisonment // Criminological journal of the Baikal State University of Economics and Law. – 2007. – No. 3-4. – P. 10-14.
6. Shuruhnov N. G. Criminalistics: Proc. manual for university students studying in the specialty “Jurisprudence”. – M.: Jurist, 2002. – 639 p.

CRIMINALISTICS
GAUZHAEVA Viktoriya Aleksandrovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Special and technical training sub-faculty of the North-Caucasian Institute for Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, colonel of police
URUMOV Asker Valerjevich
Ph.D. in Law, senior lecturer of Special and technical training sub-faculty of the North-Caucasian Institute of Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel of police
CERTAIN ISSUES OF CLASSIFICATION, APPOINTMENT AND PRODUCTION OF FORENSIC EXAMINATIONS
The purpose of writing the article is to summarize the general provisions of the preparation, appointment and production of forensic examinations, their classification on various grounds. The paper presents the possibilities of using special knowledge in the framework of the investigation of criminal cases, examines the legal status of an expert, the grounds for prescribing an examination and challenging an expert.
The results of such a generalization can be used in the practical activities of the preliminary investigation bodies, for further theoretical research, preparation of scientific papers and for solving practical problems in the field of preparing and conducting an inspection of the explosion site, both before initiating a criminal case and as part of a preliminary investigation.
Keywords: expertise, expert, special knowledge, classification, expert’s legal status, preliminary investigation.
Work bibliographic list
1. Ilyin N.N. Problems of classification of forensic examinations // Forensic expert. 2020. No. 3. S. 6-8.
2. Kardanov R.R. Once again to the issue of classification of forensic examinations // Gaps in Russian legislation. 2020. V. 13. No. 4. S. 212-215.
3. Dynnik Yu.S. Some problems of classification of forensic examinations // Theory and practice of modern science. 2021. No. 1 (67). pp. 153-158.
4. Kudryavtsev I.K., Aimuratova E.A. Features of the appointment and organization of the production of complex forensic examinations // International Journal of the Humanities and Natural Sciences. 2020. No. 2-2 (41). pp. 125-128.
5. Teppeev A.A. Appointment and production of forensic examination at the pre-trial stages of the criminal process // Eurasian legal journal. 2021. No. 7 (158). pp. 367-369.
6. Criminal procedure Code of the Russian Federation: fed. Law of December 18, 2001 No. 174-FZ (as amended on July 14, 2022) // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. 12/24/2001. No. 52 (part I). Art. 4921.
7. Akkaeva H.A. Problems of qualification of deliberately false testimony, the conclusion of an expert, specialist or incorrect translation // Gaps in Russian legislation. 2020. V. 13. No. 4. S. 269-272.
8. Ustinov V.V., Chetverkin P.A. Subscription of an expert and the procedure for its execution when appointing a forensic examination // Russian Justice. 2021. No. 1. S. 77-82.
9. Nagoeva M.A., Tambiev S.A. Technical and forensic foundations of portrait identification // Forensic science – science without borders: traditions and innovations: materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference (St. Petersburg, November 26, 2021). St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2022. P. 244-247.
10. Kanokova L.Yu. Legal status of an expert and specialist in criminal proceedings // Theory and practice of social development. 2015. No. 10. P. 105-107.

CRIMINALISTICS
ZAVYALOV Vasiliy Vladimirovich
Ph.D. in chemical sciences, professor, senior researcher of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “27 Scientific Center” of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation of the Academy of Military Sciences, retired police colonel
ZAVYALOVA Anna Aleksandrovna
Ph.D. in chemical sciences, associate professor of Technical and forensic support of expert research sub-faculty of the Educational and Scientific Complex of Forensic Expertise of the V. Ya. Kikot Moscow University of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel of police
SAFONOV Andrey Aleksandrovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, of Technical and forensic support of expert research sub-faculty of the Educational and Scientific Complex of Forensic Expertise of the V. Ya. Kikot Moscow University of the MIA of Russia
BONDAREVA Irina Olegovna
Ph.D. in Law, senior lecturer of Criminal process sub-faculty of the Stavropol branch of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF FORENSIC SUPPORT OF DISCLOSURE AND INVESTIGATIONS OF RADIOLOGICAL CRIMES
The article is devoted to the study of the problems of operational and official activities of internal affairs bodies related to the disclosure and investigation of radiological crimes as manifestations of nuclear terrorism and illicit trafficking of nuclear materials and radioactive substances. The article substantiates the need to introduce a specialized Radiation Safety Service into the staff of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, provides information on the functioning of similar services in other law enforcement agencies, the range of tasks that this Service should solve is indicated. Special attention is paid to the organization and procedure for the implementation of forensic support of operational and official activities of internal affairs bodies for the disclosure and investigation of radiological crimes, formulate requirements for specialists who can be admitted to the implementation of such support in the framework of the implementation of forensic activities.
Keywords: radiological crime, nuclear materials, radioactive substances, physical nuclear safety, sources of ionizing radiation, radiation safety service, specialist, forensic support, IAEA, radioactive waste, investigative and operational group, personal protective equipment, inspection of the scene, internal affairs bodies, operational and official activities.
Work bibliographic list
1. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 19, 2007 No. 456 “On Approval of the Rules for the Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials, Nuclear Installations and Storage Facilities for Nuclear Materials” // Legal Information System “Garant Maximum”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://base.garant.ru/12154860/ (date of access: 06/02/2021).
2. Zapariy P.V., Karpov E.M., Konyakhin B.A. and others. Conceptual bases for creating a distributed multifunctional system for automated control of vehicles // Strategic stability. M.: 2013. No. 1 (62). pp. 54-68.
3. Guidelines “MR 2.6.1.0050-11. State sanitary and epidemiological regulation of the Russian Federation. 2.6.1. Ionizing radiation, radiation safety. Sanitary and hygienic requirements for measures to eliminate the consequences of a radiation accident ”(approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation on December 25, 2011) // Judicial and regulatory acts of the Russian Federation. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://sudact.ru/law/mr-2610050-11-gosudarstvennoe-sanitary-epidemiologicheskoe-normirovanie-rossiiskoi-federatsii/mr-2.6.1.0050-11/ (date of access: 06/02/2021) .
4. Federal Law of November 21, 1995 No. 170-FZ “On the Use of Atomic Energy” // Legal Information System “Garant Maximum”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://base.garant.ru/10105506/ (date of access: 06/02/2022).
5. IAEA Recommendations “Physical Protection of Nuclear Material and Nuclear Facilities”, I NFCIRC/225/Rev.4 // International Atomic Energy Agency. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/infcircs/infcirc225r4c_eng.pdf (Accessed 02.06.2022).
6. Order of the Ministry of Transport of Russia No. 52, the Federal Security Service of Russia No. 112, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia No. 134 of March 5, 2010 “On approval of the list of potential threats to commit acts of unlawful interference in the activities of transport infrastructure facilities and vehicles” // Legal information system “Garant Maximum “. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://base.garant.ru/12174831/ (date of access: 06/02/2022).
7. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated August 29, 2014 No. 736 “On approval of the Instructions on the procedure for receiving, registering and authorizing in the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation applications and reports on crimes, administrative offenses, incidents” // Legal Information System Guaranteed Maximum. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://base.garant.ru/70791976/ (date of access: 06/02/2022).
8. Solomatina E.A., Baranov A.A., Denisov N.A. Prevention of illegal circulation of weapons by internal affairs bodies // Bulletin of the Russian Law Academy. M.: 2016. No. 3. S. 82-86.

CRIMINALISTICS
NAZARKIN Evgeniy Valerjevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Criminal process and criminalistics sub-faculty of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
SULEYMANOV Talyat Alievich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Criminal process and criminalistics sub-faculty of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
NOVIKOVA Lyudmila Vladislavovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, Deputy Head of Criminal process and criminalistics sub-faculty of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
ZHARKO Nataliya Viktorovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Criminal process and criminalistics sub-faculty of the Academy of the FPS of Russia
FEATURES OF THE PREPARATION AND CONDUCT OF A CONFRONTATION DURING THE INVESTIGATION OF THE DISORGANIZATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF INSTITUTIONS PROVIDING ISOLATION FROM SOCIETY
This article discusses the specifics of the preparation and conduct of face-to-face interrogation with the participation of convicted persons during the investigation of the disorganization of the activities of institutions providing isolation from society. The tasks and features of the preparation and conduct of this investigative action in the conditions of a penitentiary institution are indicated. Separate organizational and tactical techniques, recommendations for the preparation, conduct and fixation of interrogation at the face-to-face in a criminal case of this category are proposed.
Keywords: interrogation, confrontation, convict, tasks, features, psychological foundations, tactical techniques, disorganization of the institution’s activities.
Work bibliographic list
1. Akchurin A. V., Lyadov E. V., Nazarkin E. V., Novikova L. V., Belov O. A., Tsivkunov A. G. Features of the investigation of the disorganization of the activities of institutions that provide isolation from society: textbook. -pract. allowance. – Ryazan: Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, 2012. – 75 p.

CRIMINALISTICS
SEVOSTYANOVA Svetlana Olegovna
senior lecturer of Document research sub-faculty of the Educational and Scientific Complex of Expert and Criminalistic Activity of the Volgograd Academy of the MIA of Russia
ABOUT PLANNING IN THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES COMMITTED BY EXPERTS
Investigative activities carried out in order to disclose criminal acts is one of the most complex processes, the purpose of which is to establish facts that contribute to a fair resolution of a criminal case. The article considers the concept of planning, reveals the features of planning the disclosure and investigation of crimes committed by a person appointed to produce an examination and give an opinion. Attention is paid to the tasks assigned to the investigator, which provide for the identification of subjects guilty of carrying out a criminal act. The types and stages of planning the production of investigative actions for the disclosure and investigation of crimes are shown. The problematic issues that arise for the investigator during planning are analyzed.
Keywords: investigation planning, expert, types of planning, investigator, forensic science.
Work bibliographic list
1. Balgimbekov D., Karzhasova G., Ospanov A.S., Kabzhanov A.B. Features of planning the investigation of crimes related to human trafficking // Actual problems of the present. – 2017. – No. 1 (15). – S. 37.
2. Kuryanova Yu.Yu. To the question of the concept of crime investigation planning // Siberian Legal Bulletin. – 2010. – No. 1.
3. Investigation of crimes against person and property: in 2 parts. Part 2. Investigation of crimes against property: textbook. – St. Petersburg: Publishing House of St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2017. – P. 46.
4. Shavkarova E.E. Organization of the work of the investigator in planning the disclosure and investigation of non-obvious crimes // In the collection: continuity and innovations in legal science. Collection of articles of the International scientific-practical conference. – 2017. – P. 155

CRIMINALISTICS
KHAKIMOVA Elmira Robertovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, Deputy Head of Criminology sub-faculty of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
ZARINA Aleksandra Mikhailovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Criminal law sub-faculty of the V. Ya. Kikot Moscow University of the MIA of Russia, associate professor of the Department of International and Public Law of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
CONDUCTING AN INSPECTION OF THE SCENE OF THE INCIDENT AND A SEARCH DURING THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES COMMITTED USING INFORMATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES
The scientific article contains an algorithm of actions during such investigative actions as inspection of the scene and search, in the investigation of crimes committed by the use of information and telecommunication technologies.
Keywords: preliminary investigation, information and telecommunication technologies, inspection of the scene, search, algorithm of actions.
Work bibliographic list
1. Khakimova E. R. Features of the educational process in computer forensics at the Ufa Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia // Modern digital technologies in the activities of educational organizations of law enforcement agencies: concept, practice, innovation: collection of materials of the 4th International Conference. – Ufa, 2022. – S. 56-62.
2. The state of crime in Russia in January-December 2021. – M., 2022. – P. 3.
3. Pereverzeva E. S., Komov A. V. Virtual and digital traces: a new approach in understanding // Bulletin of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2021. – No. 1 (89). – S. 175-177.
4. Arkhipova I. A. Actual problems of investigating crimes in the field of computer information // Criminalistics in the conditions of the development of the information society (59th annual forensic readings): collection of articles of the International Scientific and Practical Conference. – M .: Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2018. – S. 29-31.

CRIMINALISTICS
SOLYANKINA Lyudmila Egorovna
Ph.D. in science psychologicals, professor of Criminalistics sub-faculty of the Educational and Scientific Complex for Preliminary Investigation in the Internal Affairs Bodies of the Volgograd Academy of the MIA of Russia
KIKTEV Aleksandr Valerjevich
lecturer of Criminalistics sub-faculty of the Educational and Scientific Complex for Preliminary Investigation in the Internal Affairs Bodies of the Volgograd Academy of the MIA of Russia
PSHENICHKIN Aleksandr Aleksandrovich
lecturer of Special disciplines sub-faculty of the Volgogodonsk branch of the Rostov Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
YOUTH EXTREMISM AS AN ACUTE PROBLEM OF OUR TIME
In this article, the authors consider a very important problem of modern Russia as youth extremism. In the work, the authors draw attention to the features and problems that modern youth are currently facing, which affects the psyche of young people and pushes them to commit crimes of an extremist nature. On the basis of the study, the authors proposed a group of factors fo r the emergence of extremist manifestations among the youth.
Keywords: extremism, youth, extremist manifestations.
Work bibliographic list
1. Koshelev M. I., Kareeva I. V. Prevention of extremist manifestations among cadets of universities of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia // Criminal Executive Law. – 2015. – No. 2 (20).
2. Yakovchuk VN Innovative technologies for the prevention of negative phenomena among children and adolescents. Questions of student science. – 2016. – No. 2. – P. 1-7

CRIMINOLOGY
ABDULMANAPOVA Amina Sultanmuradovna
magister of the 2nd course of the North Caucasian Institute of All-Russian State University of Justice (RPA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), branch in Makhachkala
TAILOVA Aisha Gabibovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of the North Caucasian Institute of All-Russian State University of Justice (RPA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), branch in Makhachkala
CRIMINOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MERCENARY CRIME
The article provides a brief criminological description of mercenary crime. Mercenary crime has its own characteristic features. These encroachments have a negative impact on the development of society, have a negative educational impact, primarily on young people. The urgency of the problem under consideration is due to the fact that the complexity of the financial market structure and the development of the electronic payment system have led to the modernization of various types of mercenary crimes, which requires the development of measures to prevent this type of criminal encroachment.
Keywords: self-interest, crime, general characteristics, prevention.
Work bibliographic list
1. Lopashenko N. A. Crimes against property. Tutorial. – M.: Norma, 2014. – 169 p.
2. Materials of criminal cases on mercenary encroachments, considered by the Izberbash city court. Archive of the Izberbash city court for 2017-2019.
3. Brief description of the state of crime in the Russian Federation for January – December 2021. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://mvd.ru/Deljatelnost/statistics/reports/item/1609734/.
4. Materials of criminal cases on mercenary encroachments, considered by the Soviet District Court of Makhachkala. Archive of the court of the Soviet district of Makhachkala for 2019-2021.

CRIMINOLOGY
Alieva Umzakhrat Temirbolatovna
senior lecturer of the Dagestan Humanitarian Institute (branch) of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations
GABITOVA Elmira Gabitovna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, senior lecturer of the Dagestan Humanitarian Institute (branch) of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations
TAILOVA Aisha Gabibovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Economics and the legal and educational disciplines sub-faculty of the Dagestan State University, branch in the city Izberbash
THE RIGHT OF CRIME VICTIMS TO PRIVACY IN SEXUAL CRIMES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN EUROPE AND THE USA
The article presents a comparative legal analysis of the features of the legal status of victims of sexual crimes in Europe and the USA. The sphere of protection of the rights of victims of sexual crimes is becoming increasingly important in many foreign countries. In this regard, many Governments have introduced more tools available to victims of sexual crimes. For example, victims may decide not to disclose their personal information and not to save it in court records, and therefore there are more opportunities to encourage victims of crimes to cooperate with law enforcement agencies. The study of international experience in the field of protection of the rights of victims of sexual crimes makes it possible to develop measures to prevent the natural latency of this category of criminal encroachments on the territory of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: victim, sexual crime, natural latency, experience of foreign countries.
Work bibliographic list
1. Victims’ Rights” in Victims of Crime, 2nd edition, ed. Robert C. Davis, Arthur Lurigio and Wesely Skogan (Thousand Oaks, Sage Publication, 1999), pp. 247-249.
2. David E. Aaronson, “New Rights and Remedies: Federal Crime Victims Rights Act of 2004” (Vol. 28, Issue 4, Pace Law Review. 2008)
3. Dean G. Kilpatrick, David Beetry and Susan Smith Hawley, Rights of Victims of Crime; does legal protection matter? difference? (Washington, DC, US Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, 1998)
4. “Rights and Services of Crime Victims; A Modern Saga”198 (From Crime Victims, pp. 194-210, 1997, Robert C. Davis, Arthur J. Lurigio, et al., eds)
5. Shalagin A.E., Idiyatullov A.D. Foreign experience of crime prevention in the XXI century // Bulletin of the Kazan Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2020. V. 11. No. 2 (40). pp. 219-225.

CRIMINOLOGY
ROMANOVSKAYA Irina Viktorovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal law and criminology sub-faculty of the Crimean branch of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
CRIMINOLOGICAL FEATURES OF DRUG ADDICTS
The article discusses the criminological features of peopl e who use narcotic substances. Drug addiction is a symptom of intrapersonal and interpersonal problems and conflicts, the result of insufficient social adaptation, various formations in the system of personal relationships with the social microenvironment. The article pays special attention to the subjective factors influencing the formation of a drug addict’s personality.
Keywords: drug-dependent person, narcotic substances, intrapersonal problems, social deformations, narcosis.
Work bibliographic list
1. Official statistics for 2021 of drug use in Russia. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://narkonet.info/oficialnaja-statistika-za-2021-god-upotreblenie-narkotikov-v-rossii/ (date of access: 07.09.2022).
2. The state of crime in the Russian Federation for January-December 2021. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://mvd.rf/reports/item/28021552/ (date of access: 28.08.2022).
3. Romanovskaya I.V. Psychological and criminological characteristics of a person who uses drugs / Study of the problems of preventing drug addiction and combating drug crime in the Republic of Crimea: monograph / Under the general editorship of S.A. Butkevich. – Simferopol: KRP “Publishing house” Krymuchpedgiz “, 2014. – 328 p. – S. 233-250.

CRIMINOLOGY
STUPINA Svetlana Aleksandrovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Forensic science sub-faculty of the Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk
SHERSTYANYKH Aleksandra Sergeevna
Ph.D. in technical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of Information and legal disciplines and special technique sub-faculty of the Siberian law Institute of the MIA of Russia
CRYPTOCURRENCY FRAUD
Digital currency (cryptocurrency) is becoming an increasingly competitive element of the payment system around the world, causing quite a lot of interest from the population. The latter simultaneously determines the attractiveness of cryptocurrencies for scammers. Since the use of digital financial assets (and cryptocurrencies, in particular) to pay for goods and services is prohibited on the territory of the Russian Federation, it is important to have an idea not only about the methods of fraud, how fraud schemes work, but also to understand how they can be avoided. The article discusses the main methods and schemes of fraud in the cryptocurrency market.
Keywords: digital currency, cryptocurrency, fraud, blockchain, methods of digital fraud.
Work bibliographic list
1. Maksurov A. A. Cryptocurrency as an economic and legal category // Modern law. – 2018. – No. 9. – P. 68-71.
2. How the cryptocurrency market works in Russia and is it possible to make money on it // Banki.ru. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.banki.ru/news/daytheme/?id=10971071 (date of access: 09/20/2022).
3. Is the anonymity of cryptocurrencies a real truth or an offensive delusion? // FINANSY.name: personal finance portal. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://finansy.name/anonimnost-kriptovaljut (date of access: 20.09.2022).
4. Scams in the crypto industry: the main types of cryptocurrency fraud and how to avoid them. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://profinvestment.com/scams-crypto/#i (date of access: 21.09.22).
5. Counteraction to illegal activities in the financial market // Website of the Bank of Russia. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.cbr.ru/analytics/inside/2022_1/ (date of access: 22.09.2022).
6. Ancient bots: new financial pyramids appeared during the crisis // Izvestia: news site. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://iz.ru/1366556/mariia-nemtceva/drevnie-boty-novye-finansovye-piramidy-poiavilis-v-krizis (date of access: 09/22/2022).
7. Sereda I. M., Stupina S. A. The potential of criminal legislation in the field of countering crimes related to cryptocurrency // Prologue: Journal of Law. – 2021. – No. 4 (32). – S. 85-96.
8. Scamopedia: a trap for cryptans // GROUP-IB blog. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://blog.group-ib.ru/crypto (date of access: 09/23/2022).

CRIMINOLOGY
ABDUSALAMOV Ruslan Pakhrulayevich
magister of the 2nd course of the North Caucasian
Institute of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), branch in Makhachkala
TAILOVA Aisha Gabibovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of the North Caucasus Institute of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), branch in Makhachkala
THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MIRROR STATISTICS IN THE SYSTEM OF FRAUD DETECTION AT CUSTOMS IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Each country is responsible for checking customs operations in order to detect fraud and punish violators. Given the limited amount of available resources, it became possible to check all customs operations and identify all fraud using artificial intelligence to detect fraud in the practice of customs authorities and identify customs crimes. The use of artificial intelligence for these purp oses makes it possible to identify criminal encroachments related to smuggling, drug trafficking and other criminal encroachments. The identification and reduction of customs crimes is also facilitated by mirror statistics in the system for detecting fraud at customs in foreign countries.
Keywords: customs crimes, artificial intelligence, mirror statistics
Work bibliographic list
1.Basel AML Index 2017 Report, Basel Institute on Governance 16 August 2017. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://index.baselgovernance.org/sites/index/documents/Basel_AML_Index_Report_2017.pdf
2. Arkhipov A.Yu., Shikun M.S. Positioning of the BRICS countries in the modern world economy // Science and education: economy and economy; entrepreneurship; law and management. – 2017. – No. 8 (87). – P. 7-10.
3. Kriveshchov P.O. Customs crimes as a threat to the country’s economic security // Topical issues of economic sciences: coll. materials 57 Intern. scientific-practical. conf. / Under the total. ed. S.S. Chernov. – Novosibirsk, 2017. – S. 139-146.
4. Dzhabrailov M.Kh., Vorob’eva C.V. Criminal liability for violations of customs legislation // The role of innovative methods of knowledge in the development of modern science. Innovative processes in Russian education: materials of the Intern. scientific-practical. conf. – Vladivostok; Omsk: Publishing House of the Center for Contemporary Education “Academy of Business” (Saratov), 2019. P. 32-36.
5. Elliott L. Fighting Transnational Environmental Crime // Journal of International Affairs. – 2012. – Vol. 66. No. 1. – P. 87-104.

CRIMINOLOGY
SHERSTYANYKH Aleksandra Sergeevna
Ph.D. in technical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of Information and legal disciplines and special technique sub-faculty of the Siberian law Institute of the MIA of Russia
TARGETED PHISHING IS A MODERN THREAT TO CYBER SECURITY
Currently there are a number of cyber attacks increased in the world and with the number of phishing scams it have increased dramatically. Such phishing links are posted on some of the social networks and messengers. From this result it has been sent by mail. These two articles discusses the two differnent type of phishing attacks: the mass and the targeted (aimed at a specific user). The material presented is an illustration with many concrete examples.
Keywords: social engineering, phishing, targeted phishing, Internet fraud, information security.
Work bibliographic list
1. A letter of misfortune: the volume of phishing in the second quarter grew by 71% // Izvestia: news site. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://iz.ru/1048231/anastasiia-gavriliuk/pismo-neschastia-obem-fishinga-vo-vtorom-kvartale-vyros-na-71 (date of access: 09/10/2022).
2. How trust and inattention enriched scammers by hundreds of billions of dollars over 50 years // vc.ru: site. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://vc.ru/promo/322969-kak-doverie-i-nevnimatelnost-obogatili-moshennikov-na-sotni-milliardov-dollarov-za-50-let (date of access: 07/19/22).
3. Secrets of the Little Blue Box // Esquire. The magazine for mer. October, 1971. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://historyofphonephreaking.org/docs/rosenbaum1971.pdf (date of access: 07/19/22).
4. What is “phishing” // Encyclopedia by Kaspersky: website. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://encyclopedia.kaspersky.ru/knowledge/what-is-phishing (date of access: 07/21/22).
5. Sberbank’s fake app soared into the top 10 App Store // RBC.ru: news site. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.rbc.ru/technology_and_media/13/05/2022/627e5dd39a79470ff55ebb01 (date of access: 09/13/2022).
6. Fraudsters send phishing emails on behalf of the Ministry of Digital and Roskomnadzor // Securlab.ru: site. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.securitylab.ru/news/530895.php (date of access: 09/13/2022).
7. IS Antiphishing: site. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://paf.occsirt.ru/ (accessed 09/03/2022).

LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES
AKHTYAMOVA Kristina Mikhaylovna
lecturer of Professional training sub-faculty of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
IMPROVING THE LEGAL FOUNDATIONS OF SOCIAL GUARANTEES FOR EMPLOYEES OF THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Every day, performing their official duties in extreme conditions, fraught with risk to life and health, employees often themselves remain insufficiently protected. Fulfilling his duty to his country, an employee must be sure that his lawful actions will receive support from the state. Only after that, he can faithfully fulfill his duties to investigate and solve crimes. Through the prism of legal foundations, the author analyzes social guarantees. Special attention is paid to the improvement of Russian legislation in the field of monetary allowances and medical support. The author makes proposals to resolve gaps and omissions in the field of employee social guarantees.
Keywords: employee, guarantees, social protection measures, monetary allowance, medical support.
Work bibliographic list
1. Kurakin A.V. So social policy and the Russian police // Police and investigative activities. 2013. No. 3. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=8914 (accessed 06/06/2022). – Text: electronic.
2. Matveev S.P. Social protection of civil servants: theoretical foundations of civil servants: theoretical foundations for building a system, implementation practice and problems of administrative and legal regulation: Abstract of the thesis. dis. … doc. legal Sciences. – Voronezh, 2012. – P. 18.
3. Chernyshova L.V. Improving the legal foundations of monetary allowance in the internal affairs bodies. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sovershenstvovanie-pravovyh-osnov-denezhnogo-dovolstviya-v-organah-vnutrennih-del/viewer (date of access: 03/20/2022). – Text: electronic.

LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES
BABIN Aleksandr Vladimirovich
associate professor of Physical training sub-faculty of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
IVANCHENKO Evgeniy Sergeevich
associate professor of Physical training sub-faculty of the East Siberian Institute of the MIA of Russia
OVECHKIN Denis Gennadjevich
Ph.D. in of pedagogical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of Physical training sub-faculty of the Volgograd Academy of the MIA of Russia
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AS A QUANTITATIVE INDICATOR OF THE GENERAL PHYSICAL FITNESS OF POLICE OFFICERS AND CADETS
The author of this article, on the basis of his research, determined the level of physical activity of active police officers and cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in various areas of their life. Quantitative indicators, which are the fundamental elements of this study, can be used to assess the physical fitness of individuals preparing for their future professional activities as a police officer. Material and Methods: The study involved 53 active police officers and 67 third-year cadets of the police training faculty of the Ufa Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
The basis of the empirical method was the ODA-23+ motor activity questionnaire. Based on the results obtained, the author concluded that a high level of physical activity within the working sphere is demonstrated by police officers who continue their physical development after training in educational organizations. Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia throughout the entire service life. Conclusions: the data obtained play an important role in assessing the physical fitness of police officers in the framework of law enforcement, namely, in ensuring public safety. The importance of physical activity throughout the entire period of service in this profession is also noted.
Keywords: physical activity, ODA-23+, police officers, cadets, law enforcement.
Work bibliographic list
1. Alimzhanov A.E. The problem of the effectiveness of maintaining the physical activity of civil servants of law enforcement agencies in continuing professional education // Ped.Rev. – 2019. – No. 3 (25). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/problema-rezultativnosti-sohraneniya-fizicheskoy-aktivnosti-gosudarstvennyh-sluzhaschih-silovyh-struktur-v-nepreryvnom (date of access: 08/03/2022).
2. Murtazov A. M., Shogenov A. G. Modern methods of prevention of psychosomatic diseases as the most important mechanism for ensuring professional longevity among police officers // Bulletin of modern clinical medicine. – 2012. – No. Appendix 1. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sovremennye-metody-profilaktiki-psihosomaticheskih-zabolevaniy-kak-vazhneyshiy-mehanizm-obespecheniya-professionalnogo-dolgoletiya (date of access: 08/03/2022).
3. Babin A. V. Actual problems of physical training and sports of employees of internal affairs bodies and ways to solve them / Babin A. V., Lukyanov A. B. // Eurasian legal journal. – 2021. – No. 9 (160). – S. 473-475. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47195114. (date of access: 08/23/2022).

LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES
ZHUKOV Azamat Zaurbekovich
Ph.D. in technical sciences, senior lecturer of Internal affairs in special conditions sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Institute of Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
MAKHOV Islam Arturovich
student of the H. M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkar State University
SHKAKHOVA Fazilya Abdulakhovna
lecturer of the H. M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkar State University
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ENSURING INFORMATION SECURITY IN THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Ensuring information security in the internal affairs bodies is a priority, as it is important for the national security of the state. The processes of automation and digitalization have also affected the law enforcement system. The work of law enforcement agencies in the Russian Federation is, in principle, open to the public, but there is confidential informatio n: personal data, databases. In this regard, it is important to ensure effective protection of information in the internal affairs bodies. The state is aware of the importance of this problem and creates a legal and technological basis for the functioning of the information security system. However, there are problems of both a regulatory and technological nature, the solution of which requires an integrated approach. The purpose of this work is to assess the problems of the problem of ensuring information security in the internal affairs bodies in modern conditions. Under the current conditions, it is the level of information security that determines the level of national security of the modern information state
Keywords: internal affairs bodies, databases, communications, telecommunications, digital technologies, information security, confidentiality.
Work bibliographic list
1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation (adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993, with amendments approved during the all-Russian vote on July 1, 2020).
2. Federal Law “On the Federal Security Service” dated 03.04.1995 No. 40-FZ (last edition).
3. Federal Law No. 144-FZ dated 12.08.1995 “On operational-search activity” (last edition).
4. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 05.12.2016 No. 646 “On Approval of the Information Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation”.

LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES
MAGOMEDALIEV Maruf Magomedalievich
Deputy Head of the Department of Physical Training Ufa Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
ARUTYUNYAN Vahan Nikolaevich
lecturer of Physical training sub-faculty of the Educational and Scientific Complex of Special Training of the V. Ya. Kikotya Moscow University of the MIA of Russia
Khabarov Dmitry Valentinovich
senior lecturer of Fire training sub-faculty of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
PROBLEMS OF EDUCATING EMPLOYEES OF THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES OF STRONG-WILLED QUALITIES NECESSARY WHEN PERFORMING TASKS IN EXTREME SITUATIONS
This article is a comprehensive analysis of the ways and methods of developing emotional and volitional stability in law enforcement officers in the event of an extreme situation. Special attention is paid to the main activities implemented as part of the organization of physical training for students of departmental universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, which are designed to develop their strong-willed qualities through various staged classes.
Keywords: police officer, police officer, student, organization of preparedness, strong-willed qualities, emotional stability.
Work bibliographic list
1. Skorobogatov A. V., Perfilyev M. V. Armsport: teaching aid. – Izhevsk: UdGU, 2008.

LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES
Misrokov Tengiz Zamirovich
Ph.D. in Law, senior lecturer of State, civil and law disciplines sub-faculty of the North-Caucasian Institute of Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
ON THE ISSUE OF LEGAL REGULATION OF THE ETHICAL ASPECTS OF SERVICE IN THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article is devoted to various aspects of the legal regulation of ethics and official conduct of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. The author draws attention to the gap that has existed for 7 years in regulating issues of ethics and official conduct, associated with the absence of an ethical code in the internal bodies of the Russian Federation in the period from 2013 to 2020, which was one of the moral and ethical guidelines for employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Attention is drawn to a completely different approach in determining the content and internal structure of the Code of Professional Ethics for an employee of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, which was in force until 2013, and the Code of Ethics and Official Conduct of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation, which has been in force since 2020. The author also points to the dispersal of requirements for official behavior, basic ethical requirements and other regulations regarding the behavior of employees, according to the texts of various regulatory legal acts and the lack of opportunities for employees to focus on a single set of ethical principles, norms and rules that would be contained in one document, which would greatly facilitate the decision-making by employees in various ethical situations that arise in the course of official activities.
Keywords: ethics, regulations, morality, employees of internal affairs bodies, requirements for official conduct, code of ethics, moral principles.
Work bibliographic list
1. Federal Law of November 30, 2011 No. 342-FZ “On Service in the Internal Affairs Bodies of the Russian Federation and Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation” (with amendments and additions) // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation of December 5, 2011 .- No. 49 (Part I). – Art. 7020.
2. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of October 14, 2012 No. 1377 “On the Disciplinary Charter of the Internal Affairs Bodies of the Russian Federation” (with amendments and additions) // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation of 2012 – No. 43. – Art. 5808.
3. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation dated December 24, 2008 No. 1138 “On approval of the Code of professional ethics for an employee of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru (date of access: 1.09.2022).
4. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation of June 26, 2020 No. 460 “On approval of the Code of ethics and official conduct of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru (date of access: 1.09.2022).

LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES
LEGOSTAEV Sergey Valentinovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal process and criminalistics sub-faculty of the Academy of Law and Management of the FPS of Russia
WARNING ABOUT THE INADMISSIBILITY OF VIOLATING THE LAW IN THE SYSTEM OF ACTS OF PROSECUTORIAL RESPONSE
The article reveals the definition of the prosecution’s warning. Its place in the system of prosecutorial acts is being considered. The analysis of legal norms fixing the mechanism of application of the warning is carried out. Scientific approaches to the consideration of the procedure for sending warnings to officials and other persons are analyzed. The need to specify the legal regulation of the concept of “other persons” is indicated. Some proposals are being made to adjust the legislation.
Keywords: prosecutorial supervision, acts of prosecutorial response, warning about the inadmissibility of violating the law, the order of referral and announcement, problems of legal regulation.
Work bibliographic list
1. Bezsaliy O. R. Problems of legal regulation of the prosecutor’s warning // Problems of economics and legal practice. – 2018. – No. 4. – P. 202.
2. Bezsaliy O. R. Subjects of warning about the inadmissibility of violations of the law // Gaps in Russian legislation. Legal Journal. – 2013. – No. 3. – P. 143.
3. Koreshnikova N. R. The main legal means of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation as a tool for ensuring the execution of the law: monograph. – Yekaterinburg: Publishing House “Ural State Law Academy”, 2010. – P. 10.

LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES
TINGAEVA Irina ladimirovna
senior lecturer of Criminal process sub-faculty of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel of police
INTERACTION OF SERVICES IN SOLVING AND INVESTIGATING CRIMES AND THE MAIN DISADVANTAGES OF COLLECTING INITIAL MATERIALS OF PRELIMINARY INSPECTIONS
The article considers the most relevant and painful issues in the direction of materials of preliminary inspections sent by the inquiry
authorities to the investigation and inquiry units. Problems of high-quality collection of initial material that arise already when leaving for
inspections of accident sites. The shortcomings of the work of investigative and operational groups, and their solutions, as well as the
effectiveness of the interaction of services in solving and investigating crimes.
Keywords: interaction of services, initial collection, preliminary inspection, investigative actions, service employees, inspection of
the scene, professional level, instructions.
Work bibliographic list
1. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation of April 29, 2015 No. 495dsp “On approval of the Instructions for organizing joint operational and official activities of units of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation in the detection of crimes and the investigation of criminal cases.” [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru (date of access: 07/19/2022).
2. Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation” No. 174-FZ dated December 18, 2001 (as amended on July 14, 2022, as amended on July 18, 2022) (as amended and supplemented, effective from July 25, 2022) .

LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES
URUSOV Zamir Khasanovich
senior lecturer of Law enforcement organization sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Institute (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel of police
TEPPEEV Alan Atlyevich
senior lecturer of State and civil law disciplines sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Institute (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia of lieutenant colonel police
THE ROLE OF THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES IN THE STUDY OF THE CRIMINAL’S IDENTITY
The study of the criminal’s identity by the internal affairs bodies makes great practical sense. Based on the data obtained during the study of various aspects, recommendations can be made to eliminate the causes of the formation of criminal tendencies or conditions conducive to the commission of illegal acts, to make a psychological portrait of the criminal, to predict his further behavior or actions. Knowledge of certain behavioral features helps to accurately “isolate” the criminal from the mass of suspects, as well as “predict” the antisocial orientation and recidivism of his behavior. In this article, the author has focused on the listed and some other aspects.
Keywords: criminal, personality, crimes, social danger, psychological characteristics, personality orientation, ATS.
Work bibliographic list
1. Alekseev A. I. Criminology: a course of lectures. Fourth edition, revised and enlarged. – M .: Publishing house “Shield-M”, 2004. – 315 p.
2. The meaning and main directions of studying the personality of a criminal in the practical activities of the internal affairs bodies – The structure of the personality of a criminal. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://studbooks.net/1025842/pravo/znachenie_osnovnye_napravleniya_izucheniya_lichnosti_prestupnika_prakticheskoy_deyatelnosti_organov_vnutrennih (date of access: 06/11/2022).
3. Kivich Yu. V., Lebedev S. Ya. Crime prevention by internal affairs bodies: a lecture. – M.: YuI MVD RF, 1998. – 34 p.

LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES
YAROSLAVSKIY Mikhail Aleksandrovich
lecturer of Physical training sub-faculty of the North Caucasian Advanced Training Institute (branch) of Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
GUBZHOKOV Anzor Khadisovich
senior lecturer of Physical training sub-faculty of the North Caucasian Advanced Training Institute (branch) of Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
ON THE QUESTION OF EXPEDIENCY AND INCREASING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF PHYSICAL FORCE BY POLICE OFFICERS
The suppression of criminal manifestations and the restoration of violated rights are often associated with the need for police officers to use physical force. Such actions are allowed by the legislator in a strictly defined number of cases and subject to mandatory compliance with the conditions of their legality. A clear understanding of the correlation of factors and circumstances characterizing a specific domestic situation, as well as the ability to quickly analyze it from the point of view of the permissibility and appropriateness of physical impact on the offender, will allow law enforcement officers to increase the level of professional competencies and prevent abuse of official authority.
Keywords: physical force and combat techniques, physical impact, detention and escort, conditions for the legality of causing physical harm
Work bibliographic list
1. Federal Law of February 7, 2011 No. 3-FZ “On the Police” (as amended on July 13, 2015) // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. – 2011.
2. Yaroslavsky M. A. Individual and collective training as a means of developing the speed-strength qualities of police officers / Textbook. – Nalchik, 2019.
3. Filimonov D. G. The role of physical culture and sports in the professional activities of employees of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation / Physical education and sport: topical issues of theory and practice [Electronic edition]: collection of materials of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference (Rostov-on-Don , April 5, 2018).

LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES
SHONDIROV Ruslan Khazrailovich
lecturer of Fire training sub-faculty of the North-Caucasian Institute for Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, captain of police
FORMATION OF READINESS FOR THE LAWFUL USE OF FIREARMS IN THE PROCESS OF FIRE TRAINING OF POLICE OFFICERS
Possession by police officers of in-depth knowledge and stable firearms skills is one of the main components of their professionalism. It is the achievement of this goal that contributes to the discipline of “fire training”, where in the process of training, police officers work out exercises with weapons. Police officers are also trained that every use of firearms must be legal. Therefore, in the process of mastering the discipline “firearms training” each student should set himself the goal of achieving a competent, with the least damage to health, but with the greatest efficiency in the use of firearms. Only in this case can we talk about the effectiveness of training. At the same time, in order to avoid the tragic consequences associated with the inept handling of firearms, when the employees themselves died, in the process of training, teachers (class leaders) are tasked with forming and consolidating in students a set of moral, psychological, combat and physical qualities necessary for effective use of weapons.
Keywords: police officers, firearms training, technical training, tactical training, professionalism, the legality of the use of firearms, practice-oriented training, situational approach.
Work bibliographic list
1. Federal Law “On the Police” dated February 7, 2011 No. 3-FZ. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_110165/ (date of access: 08/14/2022).
2. Abidov R. R. Legal basis for the organization of fire training of police officers // Journal of Applied Research. – 2021. – T. 1. – No. 5. – S. 88-91.
3. Abidov R. R. Problems of legal regulation of fire training of police officers // Journal of Applied Research. – 2021. – T. 1. – No. 5. – P. 96-99.
4. Gedgafov M. M. Formation of professional readiness among police officers for the lawful use of firearms // Magazine butt research. – 2022. – T. 1. – No. 4. – S. 89-93.
5. Zhamborov A. A. Some features of the formation of psychological stability and physical readiness of employees of internal affairs bodies for the use of military weapons // Eurasian legal journal. – 2021. – No. 3 (154). – S. 343-345.
6. Karachaev A. R., Malaev A. Kh. Consequences and risks of illegal use of firearms by police officers // Journal of Applied Research. – 2022. – T. 2. – No. 3. – S. 184-187.
7. Kardanov A. K. Influence of physical fitness on the shooting technique of students of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia // Gaps in Russian legislation. – 2021. – T. 14. – No. 4. – S. 75-78.
8. Takov A. Z. Actual problems of fire training in educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia // Education. The science. Scientific personnel. – 2022. – No. 1. – P. 250-252.
9. Cherkesov A. Yu. Fire training of police officers as part of service and combat training // In the collection: Innovations in science and practice. Collection of works based on materials of the VI All-Russian competition of scientific research works. – Ufa, 2021. – S. 104-109.
10. Cherkesov A. Yu. Actual issues of fire training of police officers // Eurasian legal journal. – 2021. – No. 10 (161). – S. 404-405.

SAFETY AND LAW
ABAZOV Islam Sultanovich
senior lecturer of Internal affairs activities in special conditions sub-faculty of the North-Caucasian Institute for Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel of police
MAGOMEDOV Murad Nasrullaevich
senior lecturer of Internal affairs activities in special conditions sub-faculty of the North-Caucasian Institute for Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel of police
THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS IN COUNTERING MODERN TERRORISM
The article shows the role of the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy in countering international terrorism, which should ensure the elimination of conditions conducive to the spread of this phenomenon, measures to combat it, strengthening the capacity of states to prevent and combat terrorism, strengthening the role of the United Nations system in these areas, as well as universal respect for human rights and the rule of law as a fundamental basis for the fight against terrorism. The reasons that affect the effectiveness of the implementation of the Strategy are also analyzed. It is concluded that compliance with the principles of the Strategy should be ensured by all countries, regardless of how much resources will be spent for this.
Keywords: UN Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy, international cooperation, rule of law, effectiveness and efficiency of implementation, counteraction.
Work bibliographic list
1. Akhmadullina R. D. The role of the global counter-terrorist strategy of the United Nations in the fight against terrorism // Bulletin of the Magistracy. – 2019. – No. 1-1 (88). – S. 63-65.
2. United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy. Resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/902114207.
3. Miletsky V. P. International terrorism: political and legal dimension of the theory and practice of counteraction // All-Russian criminological journal. – 2017. – T. 11. – No. 1. – P. 180-189.
4. Kisses E. L. International terrorism: concept, signs, composition, forms of cooperation between states to counter it // State Studies and Human Rights. – 2019. – T. 15. – No. 3. – S. 122-144.
5. Solovieva Yu. A. The role of the United Nations in the fight against terrorism // Bulletin of the Student Scientific Society of the Donetsk National University. – 2021. – V. 4. – No. 13. – S. 317-326.
6. Shmatova E. S., Zolotareva L. I. The essence of international terrorism and methods of combating it // In the collection: Russian state and law: history and modernity. Collection of articles of teachers and students of the direction of preparation “jurisprudence”. – 2018. – S. 141-152.

SAFETY AND LAW
BELONOGOV Georgiy Evgenjevich
Ph.D. in science philosophicals, lecturer at the Department of General humanities, socio-economic disciplines of the Ufa College of Commerce and Economics
THE PROBLEM OF THE CORRELATION OF THE CONTENT OF THE CONCEPT OF “TERRORISM” IN FORMAL LEGAL AND CONCRETE HISTORICAL ASPECTS
The article is dedicated to the problem of defining the concept of “terrorism”, which has been used for many decades in the world mass media as an ideological cliche.
Keywords: terrorism, separatism, political conjuncture, separatism, cultural and economic integration.
Work bibliographic list
1. Ford, Lynne E.; Bardes, Barbara A.; Schmidt, Steffen W.; Shelley, Mack C. (2017-2018). American Government and Politics Today, 2017-2018 Edition. – Boston: Cengage Learning. – P.p. 172-173.
2. Laqueur, Walter. Interpretations of Terrorism – Fact, Fiction and Political Science // Journal of Contemporary history. – January, 1977. – 183 p.
3. Durkheim E. Suicide: A sociological study / Per, with fr. with abbr. – M.: Thought, 1994. – 399 p.
4. Kagarlitsky B.Yu. Everything can be cut down with an ax // Collection of articles and interviews 2002 [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.e-reading.club/chapter.php/114056/2/Kagarlickiii_-_Sbornik_stateii_i_interv%27yu_2002.html
5. Rating of countries in the world by the level of terrorism. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://gtmarket.ru/ratings/global-terrorism-index/info

SAFETY AND LAW
GUTIEVA Irina Genrikhovna
Ph.D. in Law, Deputy Head of State and civil law disciplines sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Institute of Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, colonel of police
SOME ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF RADICAL VIEWS IN RUSSIA
One of the main state tasks, in the context of the ongoing building of democratic foundations in the Russian Federation, is to counteract extremism and terrorism. However, taking into account the statistics of extremist and terrorist crimes, it is still premature to talk about solving this problem. The scientific article discusses some aspects of the development and formation of radical views and trends in Russia.
Keywords: extremism, terrorism, concepts, history of formation, stages, determinants, law enforcement agencies
Work bibliographic list
1. On countering terrorism: Federal Law No. 35-FZ of March 6, 2006 (as amended on May 26, 2021) // Access from the ConsultantPlus legal system.
2. Biryukov S. Yu., Bobovkin M. V., Shmatov M. A. General characteristics of extremism and analysis of the current state of the fight against extremist crimes // Legal Concept. – 2020. – No. 2. – P. 117-120.
3. Kolpakov I. I. Political extremism as a threat to the security of modern Russia // Young scientist. – 2014. – No. 11. – P. 310-313.
4. Kozlov D.S. Russian political extremism: trends and preventive measures // Historical, philosophical, political and legal sciences, cultural studies and art history. Questions of theory and practice. – Tambov: Diploma, 2015. – No. 6 (56): in 2 parts – Part I. – C. 93-97.
5. Shalagin A. E., Grebenkin M. Yu. Counteraction to extremism and terrorism: history and modernity // Uchenye zapiski Kazanskogo juridical institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2017. – No. 3. – P. 5-9.

SAFETY AND LAW
DAUROV Alim Ibragimovich
lecturer of Fire training sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Institute of Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, major of police
LEGAL BASIS FOR THE USE OF A MOBILE MEANS OF REMOTE FORCED TRANSPORT STOP BASED ON MICROWAVE RADIATION
Traffic police officers quite often have a situation in which they are prosecuting an offender who refuses to comply with the legal requirements of a police officer. To ensure the safety of persons participating in traffic, traffic police inspectors try not to take risky maneuvers. And if the driver fled, then further search activities are carried out using the cameras of the video surveillance system. However, in the event of the introduction of any operational plans or the blocking of the territory, such a situation requires an urgent decision, and then the inspectors face the problem of choosing a way to stop the vehicle. The article is devoted to one of the technical means in the arsenal of the traffic police, which is used to force a car to stop.
Keywords: traffic, forced stop of the car, technical means.
Work bibliographic list
1. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated August 23, 2017 No. 664 “On approval of the Administrative Regulations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the implementation of the state function of control and supervision of compliance by road users with requirements in the field of road safety”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_280037/ (date of access: 07/12/2022).
2. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05.05.2012 No. 737-r “On approval of the list of types of firearms, cartridges for it, ammunition and special means in service with the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://base.garant.ru/12117854/ (date of access: 07/13/2022).
3. Basatin A.E. Features of actions to detain armed criminals traveling by car // Scientific Bulletin of the Oryol Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V.V. Lukyanov. – 2017. – No. 4 (73). – S. 104-106.
4. Tactics of actions of police officers to detain criminals traveling in vehicles: a tutorial / Comp. D. B. Kavetsky, A. A. Karimov, A. A. Sysoev. – Irkutsk: FGKOU VPO VSI MIA of Russia, 2015. – 48 p.
5. Khakimzyanov A. R. Problems of ensuring personal security measures during the performance of service by employees of the State traffic inspectorate. – 2017. – No. 4 (34). – S. 112-120.

SAFETY AND LAW
ZHUKOV Azamat Zaurbekovich
Ph.D. in technical sciences, senior lecturer of Internal affairs in special conditions sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Institute of Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
MAKHOV Islam Arturovich
student of the H. M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkar State University
SHKAKHOVA Fazilya Abdulakhovna
lecturer of the H. M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkar State University
FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INFORMATION SECURITY SYSTEM IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: THE PROBLEM OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEGAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS
The article presents an analysis of the development of the information security system in the legal and technological aspects. The formation of information security in the Russian Federation and further development were determined by the peculiarities of the historical, political, economic and legal development of the state. It was they who had a direct impact on changes in the field of information security. One of the urgent problems and features of the development of the information security system in the Russian Federation is the lag of the system of legal regulation of information security from the technological development of this industry. The relevance of the developed and adopted regulatory legal acts is reduced, as they do not allow control over new technologies. The purpose of this article is to analyze the stages of the formation of information security in the Russian Federation and to identify the features of the information security system.
Keywords: information security, data protection, information technology, citizen, cryptography, outsourcing
Work bibliographic list
1. Federal Law No. 149-FZ dated July 27, 2006 “On information, information technologies and information protection” (last edition).
2. Law of the Russian Federation “On State Secrets” dated July 21, 1993 No. 5485-1 (last edition).
3. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 6, 1997 No. 188 (as amended on July 13, 2015) “On Approval of the List of Confidential Information”.
4. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 5, 2016 No. 646 “On Approval of the Information Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation”.

SAFETY AND LAW
ZAYDIEVA P.A.
magister student of the 1st year of study of the Faculty of Management and Law of the Dagestan State Pedagogical University
AYUBOVA Shuainat Israpilovna
Ph. D. in historical sciences, senior lecturer of Legal disciplines sub-faculty of the Dagestan State Pedagogical University
LAVARSLANOVA Marzhanat Gadzhievna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor of the Dagestan State Pedagogical University
INNOVATIVE TEACHERS: NEW APPROACHES TO PERSONALITY EDUCATION
The article is dedicated to the study of some measures to counter extremism among young people. The article examines the causes and factors determining the manifestation of the ideology and practice of modern extremism in modern Russia among young people. The paper also suggests the main measures to solve the problem of this issue in the youth environment.
Keywords: extremism, youth, information resources, Internet, information technologies.
Work bibliographic list
1. Comprehensive plan to counter the ideology of terrorism in the Russian Federation for 2019-2023. Approved by the President of Russia on December 28, 2018. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://mpgu.su/novosti/utverzhdenkompleksnyj-plan-protivodejstvija-ideologii-terrorizma- na-2019-2023 – gody (date of access: 05/24/2022).
2. The concept of countering terrorism in the Russian Federation. Approved by the President of the Russian Federation on October 05, 2009 // Consultant Plus: ATP. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_92779/ (date of access: 05/24/2022).
3. Strategy for countering extremism in the Russian Federation until 2025. Approved by the President of the Russian Federation on November 28, 2014 No. Pr-2753 // Consultant Plus: ATP. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_194160 (date of access: 05/24/2022).
4. Federal Law of March 6, 2006 No. 35-FZ “On Countering Terrorism” // Ros. gas. – 2006. – March 10. (as amended on 10/18/2021).
5. Vdovin E. A. The problem of counteracting the spread of ideas of extremism and terrorism on the Internet // Young scientist. – 2019. – No. 16 (254). – S. 79-81. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://moluch.ru/archive/254/58284/ (date of access: 05/24/2022).
6. Zhirov R. M. Information resources in the field of countering extremism in the youth environment // Law and Law. – 2020. – No. 1. – P. 102-105.
7. Kagermazova L. Ts., Abakumova I. V., Masaeva Z. V. Theoretical aspects of the prevention of extremism and terrorism in the youth environment of the university // In the collection: Prevention of extremism in the education system. Collection of materials of the Coordinating Center for Improving the Efficiency of Forming an Active Citizenship among Young People, Counteracting the Ideology of Terrorism and Extremism. Comp. I. S. Khazhuev, S-M. M. Dzhulagov. – Grozny, 2021. – S. 43-51.
8. Porokhovoy E. Yu., Ivanova M. D. Topical issues of prevention and counteraction to extremism on the Internet // Problems of law enforcement noah activity. – 2021. – No. 4. – P. 35-39.

SAFETY AND LAW
KODZOKOVA Lyatsa Arsenjevna
Ph.D. in Law, senior lecturer of Organization of law enforcement activities sub-faculty of the North Caucasian Institute of Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel of police
KARCHAEVA Kamila Avarjevna
Ph.D. in economical sciences, senior lecturer of Law enforcement sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Institute of Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of MIA of Russia, lieutenant of police
PHENOMENA OF EXTREMISM AND TERRORISM AS TOPICAL PROBLEMS OF OUR TIME
The number of terrorist attacks is constantly growing, people are dying, and the situation with extremism also does not leave much to be desired. The scale and level of cruelty is increasing, so a continuous fight against them is required, primarily using the legal framework. The main problem of our time is that despite the development of the whole world and countries in particular, terrorism and extremism still exist, and people in the modern world are faced with their numerous manifestations. At the same time, the very problem of the implementation of extremism and terrorism concerns absolutely everyone, leads to irreparable consequences for humanity, therefore, a complete modernization of society is required. A scientific article is dedicated to these topical issues.
Keywords: terrorism, extremism, phenomenon, concepts, signs, types, struggle, problems, modernity.
Work bibliographic list
1. Neverov A.P. Problems of countering the ideology of extremism and terrorism in educational institutions // Skif. – 2017. – No. 6.
2. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: Federal Law No. 63-FZ of June 13, 1996 (last edition). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: Access from legal-reference system ConsultantPlus.
3. Perfilov V. P., Ierusalimtseva O. V., Goryunov A. P. Organization of preventive activities to counter the ideology of terrorism and extremism in the educational sphere: guidelines / V. P. Perfilov, [and others]. – Yaroslavl: GAU DPO YAO IRO, 2019. – P. 47.

SAFETY AND LAW
MANUKYAN Aline Romanovna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor of State and civil law disciplines sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Institute for Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, colonel of police
CAUSES AND FORMS OF MANIFESTATION OF THE IDEOLOGY OF TERRORISM AND EXTREMISM IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUTH
Under the influence of social, political, economic and other factors that are most susceptible to destructive influence, radical views and beliefs are more easily formed in the youth environment. Thus, young citizens join the ranks of extremist and terrorist organizations that actively use Russian youth in their political interests. The youth environment, due to its social characteristics and sharpness of perception of the environment, is the part of society in which the accumulation and realization of negative protest potential most quickly occurs. The article presents a theoretical justification for the problem of preventing the spread of the ideology of terrorism and extremism, and describes the causes and conditions for the occurrence of these negative phenomena.
Keywords: extremism, terrorism, youth, teenager, ideology, distribution, development, prevention, causes, forms.
Work bibliographic list
1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation: (adopted by popular vote on December 12, 1993 with changes approved during the all-Russian vote on July 1, 2020) // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. – July 4, 2020 – No. 144.
2. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: Federal Law No. 63-FZ of June 13, 1996 (last edition). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: ATP “ConsultantPlus”.
3. Mazdagova Z. Z. Counteraction to extremism and prevention of terrorism in modern educational organizations // Problems of Economics and Legal Practice. – 2016. – No. 4. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/protivodeystvie-ekstremizmu-i-profilaktika-terrorizma-v-sovremennyh-obrazovatelnyh-organizatsiyah.
4. Neverov A.P. Problems of countering the ideology of extremism and terrorism in educational institutions // Skif. – 2017. – No. 6 [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/problemy-protivodeystviya-ideologii-ekstremizma-i-terrorizma-v-obrazovatelnyh-uchrezhdeniyah.
5. Perfilov V. P., Ierusalimtseva O. V., Goryunov A. P. Organization of preventive activities to counteract the ideology of terrorism and extremism in the educational sphere: guidelines / V. P. Perfilov, [and others]. – Yaroslavl: GAU DPO YAO IRO, 2019. – P. 47.

SAFETY AND LAW
TROFIMTSEVA Svetlana Yurjevna
Ph.D. in science philosophicals, associate professor, associate professor of Security and information technologies sub-faculty of the National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”
ON THE POSSIBILITY OF USING THE NORMS OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN ORDER TO COUNTERACT ATTACKS ON THE SECURITY OF THE FUNCTIONING OF CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS
The article analyzes the norms of Chapter 28 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (taking into account the latest changes) for the possibility of qualifying malicious attempts to violate the state of security of cyber-physical systems as criminally punishable acts. It is concluded that there is a gap in the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation in the field of countering new ways of committing socially dangerous acts in the cybersphere.
Keywords: cybercrimes, computer crimes, criminal legislation, cyber-physical systems.
Work bibliographic list
1. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation No. 63-FZ of June 13, 1996 (as amended on July 14, 2022, as amended on July 18, 2022) (as amended and supplemented, effective from July 25, 2022). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_10699/ (date of access: 20.09.2022).
2. Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses dated December 30, 2001 No. 195-FZ (as amended on December 30, 2021, as amended on July 18, 2022). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_34661/ (date of access: 20.09.2022).
3. Federal Law of the Russian Federation “On Communications” dated July 7, 2003 No. 126-FZ. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_43224/ (date of access: 20.09.2022).
4. The General Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation: Guidelines for the implementation of prosecutorial supervision over the implementation of laws in the investigation of crimes in the field of computer information (approved by the General Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation). Moscow, 2013 (no longer valid). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://genproc.gov.ru/documents/nauka/execution/document-104550/ (date of access: 09/08/2017).
5. Kondaratsev V. Application of artificial intelligence in cyber-physical systems // Phygitalism. – 2019. – Nov 29. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://medium.com/phygitalism/ai-cps-1731d00247a4 (Accessed 09/18/2022).
6. Kupriyanovsky V. P., Namiot D. E., Sinyagov S. A. Cyber-physical systems as the basis of the digital economy // International Journal of Open Information Technologies. – 2016. – Vol. 4. – No. 2. – S. 18-24. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kiber-fizicheskie-sistemy-kak-osnova-tsifrovoy-ekonomikiSLESHviewer.pdf (date of access: 09/05/2022).
7. Ross R. Rethinking Cybersecurity from the Inside Out [Electronic text] // Website of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://nist.medium.com/rethinking-cybersecurity-from-the-inside-out-1fc2089a1695 (data access: 09/20/2022).

SAFETY AND LAW
URUSOV Zamir Khasanovich
senior lecturer of Law enforcement organization sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Institute (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel of police
ABOUT SOME PROBLEMS OF TELEPHONE TERRORISM
In the article, the author analyzes the concept of telephone terrorism, gives a classification, as well as the difficulties associated with tracking down criminals. Today, in conditions of tension with the Ukrainian side and the countries opposing the special operation launched by our country, the state is faced with the fact that a large number of phone calls come from the territory of Ukraine and the countries that support it. The problem of tracking call data is due to the fact that SIM cards registered in other countries, VPNs, anonymizers, and temporary accounts are used that do not store information about its owner. This problem could be solved through international cooperation, but due to the political confrontation that exists today, this is impossible. Insufficient technical equipment of the police department also significantly reduces the search and tracking of criminals. We see the urgent need to study this problem, its manifestations, consequences and solutions.
Keywords: telephone terrorism, IP telephony, anonymizer, VPN, punishment, Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Work bibliographic list
1. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) dated 13.06.1996 No. 63-FZ (last edition) \ ConsultantPlus.
2. Alexandrov E. V. Features of modern “telephone terrorism” Modern problems of legal science: materials of the XIV International Scientific and Practical Conference of Young Researchers: in 2 hours Part II. – Chelyabinsk: Cicero, 2018. – 386 p.
3. How has “telephone terrorism” changed? – Rambler/news. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://news.rambler.ru/other/43553674-kak-menyalsya-telefonnyy-terrorizm/ (date of access: 07/27/2022).
4. Russian business and state-owned enterprises received financial protection from telephone terrorism // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. – 06/01/2021.
5. Pamyatka_Telefonnyj_terrorizm.pdf. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://dszn.ru/uploads/editor/1f/5c/Pamyatka_Telefonnyj_terrorizm.pdf (date of access: 07/27/2022).

SAFETY AND LAW
FEDOSOV Artem Vasiljev ich
Ph.D. in technical sciences, associate professor of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
TAZHETDINOVA Aisulu Azamatovna
magister student of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
TAZHETDINOVA Azaliya Azamatovna
bachelor student of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
YAKHINA Eliza Nailevna
magister student of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
FEDOSOVA Elizaveta Artemovna
bachelor student of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
ANALYSIS OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION TO ENSURE BIOLOGICAL SAFETY
Every year biological technologies are being improved and developed, becoming more and more difficult. Many conduct laboratories various biological tests. Therefore, the issue of legislative regulation of biological safety is becoming more relevant.
The article provides a critical analysis of the regulatory requirements that ensure biological safety in the Russian Federation.
The purpose of the article is to consider legislative requirements at various levels related to biological safety.
Keywords: biological safety, risk, regulatory document, federal norms and rules.
Work bibliographic list
1. Fedosov A. V., Abdrakhmanov N. Kh., Badrtdinova I. I., Khamitova A. N., Muratova R. R. Risk management for ensuring life safety. – 2021. – No. 10 (250). – S. 28-35.
2. Fedosov A. V., Abdrakhmanov N. Kh., Guseva A. S., Akhmetyanov R. R. Possibility of using the results of non-destructive testing to assess occupational risks in the system of labor protection management // Safety of technogenic and natural systems. – 2022. – No. 1. – P. 4-8.
3. Fedosov A. V., Askarova A. A. Modeling of the biological factor in the special assessment of working conditions // Life safety. – 2016.- No. 1 (181). – S. 14-17.
4. Vadulina N. V., Fedosov A. V., Rakhmatullina S. S. Evaluation of the biological factor in the workplace // Oil and gas business. – 2014. – T. 12. – No. 1. – S. 164-167.
5. Fedosov A. V., Abdrakhmanov N. Kh., Tazhetdinova A. A., Ismagilov M. I., Bakirov D. R. Features of the production control over the state of working conditions at oil and gas enterprises. complex. – 2022. – No. 4 (307). – S. 47-53.

SAFETY AND LAW
TOKBAEV Ayub Amerbievich
Ph.D. in economic sciences, lecturer of Internal affairs bodies in special conditions sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Institute for Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
VOSKOBOEV Aleksandr Ivanovich
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor of Tactical and special training sub-faculty of the Rostov Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXTREMISM AND TERRORISM IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS REGION
This article discusses the main regulatory documents defining the concepts of extremism and terrorism, as well as regulating the activities of state bodies in the fight against them. The article also provides data on extremist and terrorist organizations operating in the North Caucasus region.
Keywords: extremism, terrorism, extremist organization, terrorist organization, propaganda of extremist activity, national security.
Work bibliographic list
1. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 31, 2015 No. 683 “On the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation until 2020”.
2. Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of February 12, 1993 No. 3-P on the case of checking the constitutionality of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of October 28, 1992 No. 1308 “On measures to protect the constitutional order of the Russian Federation”.
3. Federal Law No. 114-FZ of July 25, 2002 “On Counteracting Extremist Activities”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://base.garant.ru/12127578/
4. Federal Law of March 6, 2006 No. 35-FZ “On countering terrorism”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_58840/
5. Tokbaev A. A. Modern trends in the development of extremism in social networks // Gaps in Russian legislation. – 2020. – T. 13. – No. 4. – S. 109-112.

SAFETY AND LAW
KASHIRGOV Astemir Khasanovich
lecturer of Organization of law enforcement sub-faculty of the North-Caucasus Institute of Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, major of police
TSYRETOROV Aleksey Ivanovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal process sub-faculty of the East Siberian Institute of the MIA of Russia, captain of police
ISSUES OF COUNTERING TERRORISM AND EXTREMISM IN THE MODERN WORLD
The article examines the current issues of combating terrorism and extremism in the modern world. Based on the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the most promising direction of countering terrorism and extremism is preventive and preventive activity, since it has a proactive effect not only on illegal behavior, but also on the formation and dissemination of the ideology of the above-mentioned c riminal phenomena. In this context, the need is noted for a comprehensive assessment of the potential of special subjects, for example, such as the media, within the framework of the system of countering terrorism and extremism, and the further use of their capabilities in terms of forming a legitimate worldview among the population and certain most vulnerable categories (minors, youth, etc.).
Keywords: terrorism, extremism, illegal behavior, mercenary crimes, counter-terrorism and anti-extremist activities.
Work bibliographic list
1. Bastrykin A. I. Modern ways of countering terrorism and extremism // Actual problems of Russian law. – 2021. – T. 16. – No. 6 (127). – S. 167-170.
2. Budanov S. A., Kolesnikov R. V. Youth extremism: features of the structure of the personality of a criminal // Bulletin of the Voronezh Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2022. – No. 1. – P. 139-145.

SAFETY AND LAW
MAGOMEDOV Murad Nasrullaevich
senior lecturer of Internal affairs activities in special conditions sub-faculty of the North-Caucasian Institute for Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel of police
ABAZOV Islam Sultanovich
senior lecturer of Internal affairs activities in special conditions sub-faculty of the North-Caucasian Institute for Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel of police
DIGITALIZATION AS A FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXTREMISM-TERRORISM IDEOLOGY
The article reveals the impact of digitalization on the spread of extremist-terrorist ideology. Modern extremist-terrorist groups and organizations carry out anti-constitutional actions in the virtual space, simultaneously spreading hatred and digital violence against Russian citizens who have an active civic position and protect the foundations of the constitutional order. The rapid development of the Internet, media offers and social networks have led to a massive increase in extremist-terrorist communication among users. This was explained in the use of the capabilities and resources of the global network by extremists and terrorists to propagate aggressively violent ideas in order to involve the so-called sympathizers in their ranks. And this is not surprising, since law enforcement practice notes that at all times aggressive groups used all available means to promote their ideas to the broad masses and violently confront their opponents.
Keywords: digitalization, extremism, terrorism, the Internet, social networks, digital platforms, counteraction.
Work bibliographic list
1. Abidov R. R. Globalization of the information space as a resource base for cyberterrorism // Gaps in Russian legislation. – 2021. – T. 14. – No. 4. – S. 116-119.
2. Barseghyan A. A., Kerner E. A. The problem of digitalization of terrorism in the CIS // Post-Soviet Studies. – 2020. – T. 3. – No. 4. – S. 315-322.
3. Konev D. A. Digital technologies and crime // Yurist-Pravoved. – 2021. – No. 2 (97). – S. 224-228.
4. Tkhazeplov T. M. The Internet as one of the ways to involve individuals in extremist activities // Journal of Applied Research. – 2022. – T. 1. – No. 3. – S. 81-84.
5. Khaydarov R. J. Digitalization of society as a key factor in ensuring the cybersecurity of states in the period of globalization // Proceedings of the A. Bakhovaddinov Institute of Philosophy, Political Science and Law of the National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan. – 2022. – No. 1. – S. 98-103.
6. Tsrimov A. A., Kuchmezov A. N. The origin of terrorism and forms of its manifestation to the present day // Gaps in Russian legislation. – 2021. – T. 14. – No. 4. – S. 27-30.
7. Cherkesov A. Yu. Globalization as an environment conducive to the spread of information extremism and terrorism // Gaps in Russian legislation. – 2021. – T. 14. – No. 4. – S. 49-52.

SAFETY AND LAW
MANUKYAN Aline Romanovna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor of State and civil law disciplines sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Institute for Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, colonel of police
SOME ASPECTS OF PREVENTING THE SPREAD OF THE IDEOLOGY OF TERRORISM AND EXTREMISM IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
The relevance of this topic is dictated by the danger of extremism and terrorism and the need to teach the younger generation to resist these negative phenomena. Just as important is the desire to improve and supplement prevention methods with new information. The proposed article presents some directions for organizing the work of educational institutions in the direction of preventing the spread of the ideology of terrorism and extremism, including the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Keywords: prevention, distribution, educational institutions, terrorism, extremism, ideology
Work bibliographic list
1. Adoevtseva I. V. Prevention of extremism and terrorism in the children’s and youth environment, harmonization of interethnic relations in education l organization.
2. Medvedeva S. A., Shumilova R. A. Effective practices for preventing the spread of the ideology of extremism and terrorism in educational organizations: a practical guide / V. P. Perfilov et al. – Yaroslavl: GAU DPO YAO IRO, 2021. – 82 p.
3. On counteracting extremist activity: Federal Law No. 114-FZ of July 25, 2002 (last edition). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: ATP “ConsultantPlus”.

SAFETY AND LAW
TOKBAEV Ayub Amerbievich
Ph.D. in economic sciences, lecturer of Internal affairs bodies in special conditions sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Institute for Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
HRYKOV Ivan Sergeevich
lecturer of Fire training and activities of internal affairs bodies in special conditions sub-faculty of the V. V. Lukyanov Oryol Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
TOPICAL ISSUES OF ENSURING ANTI-TERRORIST SECURITY AT TRANSPORT FACILITIES
This article discusses the main problems in the field of anti-terrorist security in the transport infrastructure of Russia. The main directions of countering and minimizing terrorist acts in transport are analyzed and proposed. The interaction of various departments to ensure transport security is also noted.
Keywords: terrorism, terrorist activity, terrorist act, transport, transport infrastructure, interaction.
Work bibliographic list
1. Training manual for law enforcement officers of the CIS member states. – M .: VNII of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2005.
2. RIA Novosti website: [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://ria.ru/spravka/20140124/990669937.html#ixzz3aCTscYpw
3. Federal Law No. 23.07.2013 No. 208-FZ “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation on Anti-Terrorist Protection of Facilities”.
4. Federal Law No. 15-FZ dated February 3, 2014 “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation on Ensuring Transport Security”.
5. Magazine “Security Systems”. – 2014. – No. 1.

SAFETY AND LAW
TARCHOKOV Beslan Alekseevich
Ph.D. in economic sciences, Head of Internal affairs in special conditions sub-faculty of the North Caucasian Institute for Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, colonel of police
THE MAIN TYPES OF CRIMINAL ENCROACHMENTS IN THE FIELD OF BANK LENDING
The problems of building a system for combating crimes in the field of lending have not lost their relevance in recent years. To regulate this area in the Criminal Code there are a number of articles, for the violation of which there is criminal liability. Criminal statistics indicate that the biggest risk is credit. The reduction of this risk depends on many factors, and first of all, it varies quite noticeably depending on the banks themselves, since each of them has its own credit strategy. Among other things, no commercial bank can ignore the credit policy of the state, which in turn is also a factor influencing the possibility of credit risks. In this study, attempts have been made to consider the following types and forms of crime against the interests of creditors, such as bank fraud, delay or non-return of received credit funds, various forgeries, and illegal receipt of a state targeted loan.
Keywords: banking system, bank lending, credit risk, fraud, crime, counteraction.
Work bibliographic list
1. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation No. 63-FZ dated June 13, 1996. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_law_10699/
2. Zhikina K. M. Some issues of legislative regulation of fraud in the field of lending // In the collection: Scientific space: current issues, achievements and innovations. Collection of scientific papers based on the materials of the XXX International Scientific and Practical Conference. – Anapa, 2021. – S. 50-55.
3. Klepitsky I. A. Theft of non-cash money: a simple answer to a simple question // Criminal law. – 2020. – No. 5. – P. 78-87.
4. Meshcheryakova E. P. Criminal liability for credit fraud // Synergy of Sciences. – 2022. – No. 70. – P. 244-273.
5. Savostyanova O. V. Fraud in the sphere of bank lending as an actual problem of the modern banking system // In the collection: Scientific revolutions: the essence and role in the development of science and technology. Collection of articles of the International scientific-practical conference. – Ufa, 2022. – S. 71-73.
6. Tutatchikov P. E. Fraud in the sphere of lending // Scientific knowledge of the present. – 2020. – No. 10 (46). – P. 9-12.

SAFETY AND LAW
SHOGENOV Zaur Arturovich
lecturer of Organization of law enforcement activities sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Institute of Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, major of police
PKHITIKOV Ruslan Batyrovich
lecturer of Law enforcement organization sub-faculty of the North Caucasus Institute for Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, major of police
PROBLEMS OF DETECTING EXTREM IST COMMUNITIES IN SOCIAL NETWORKS AND WAYS OF COUNTERING THEM
In this scientific work, the problems of timely detection of extremist communities that actively use social networks to involve new participants in their ranks are considered. The article outlines possible methods of countering extremist activities, ways to suppress their illegal activities, in order to protect society, the state and individual citizens from possible negative consequences from the criminal activities of various extremist communities that are now actively using social networks to achieve their criminal intentions.
Keywords: extremist communities, internet space, internet resource, cyber-fixed, cyber-satellites, cyber-bullying, cyber-distancing, cyber-satellites, cyber attack.
Work bibliographic list
1. Berezhnaya A. I., Yatsyshina Yu. V., Yusifzade D. N. O. War and hatred in the network: legal foundations and problems of countering Internet extremism // Original research. – 2020. – T. 10. – No. 6. – S. 355-367.
2. Tkhazeplov T. M. Internet as one of the ways to involve persons in extremist activities // Journal of Applied Research. – 2022. – T. 1. – No. 3. – S. 81-84.
3. Mishin A. M. Problems of countering extremism on the Internet // Eurasian legal journal. – 2020. – No. 2 (141). – S. 389-390.
4. “On counteracting extremist activity”: Federal Law No. 114-FZ of July 25, 2002. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/
5. Pavlinova E. Yu. Problems of countering extremism in the Internet // Law and power. – 2019. – No. 2. – P. 50-53.
6. Gedugoshev R. R. Conceptual foundations that determine the extremist environment and terrorism in the context of globalization // Gaps in Russian legislation. – 2021. – T. 14. – No. 4. – S. 104-107.
7. Tarchokov B. A. On countering the threats of cyberterrorism in the global information space // Public Service and Personnel. – 2021. – No. 1. – P. 148-150.

SAFETY AND LAW
SHULGIN Andrey Aleksandrovich
lecturer of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
MAKARENKO Andrey Ivanovich
lecturer of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
THE CONCEPT OF THE ORIGINS OF TERRORISM AS A PREREQUISITE TO A SUCCESSFUL FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM
This article discusses the legal nature of terrorism. The phenomenon of terrorism is analyzed from a political, economic and socio-psychological point of view; much attention is paid to the theoretical and legal characteristics of this phenomenon. The analysis shows that the use of the concept of “Terrorism”, regardless of the reasons, turns the fight against terrorism into an ideological tool, presented in aggregate as a growing threat to human rights
Keywords: security, terrorism, terror, democratic process.
Work bibliographic list
1. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of April 1, 1996 No. 440 “On the concept of the transition of the Russian Federation to sustainable development”.
2. Reagan R. Frankly speaking. Selected Speeches / Per. from English. – M .: News, 1990. – 397, [1] p., 8 p. ill.
3. Brzezinski and Kissinger: “iron” advisers to the White House // Radio Sputnik Belarus. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://sputnik.by/20170529/bzhezinskij-i-kissinger-zheleznye-sovetniki-belogo-doma-1029020256.html (date of access: 22.08.2022).
4. Sicarii // Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [in 30 volumes] / Ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. – 3rd ed. – M .: Soviet encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
5. Zealots // Material from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B (date of access: 08/22/2022).

STATE AND LAW
ABUKAROVA Meiram Uzerovna
senior lecturer of Criminal law and state legal disciplines sub-faculty of the Dagestan State University of National Economy
RUSSIA IN THE PROCESS OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION: BEHAVIORAL APPROACH, LEGAL ASPECTS
The world economy is a complex, multicomponent system that obeys certain rules and regulations. Initially, its appearance was due to the fact that there was such a situation in the world that the problems taking place in a particular country are reflected in many parts of the world, acquiring an international character. For example, such negative processes as inflation, unemployment in one state will scrupulously begin to affect the global economic situation. It should also be noted that any processes taking place in society are somehow connected with economic facets, one way or another everything rests on deflation, therefore not only processes directly related to the economy, but also such processes, or rather, demographic problems or even worse environmental problems in one country cause a loud, so to speak, “resonance” in other countries and not only in nearby ones. Keywords: world economy, integration, deflation, world economy
Keywords: world economy, integration, deflation, world economy, world processes, multicomponent system, foreign trade, state monopoly, international economic relations, international division o f labor, imitation of world trends.
Work bibliographic list
1. Takazova M. T. International economic integration and problems of its development in Russia // Modern problems of science and education. – 2013.
2. Ushakova N. B. International economic integration: evolution and boundaries of the concept // Economics and Entrepreneurship. – 2015.
3. Khasaya NM Theoretical aspects of modern economic integration // Questions of Economics and Management. – 2020. – No. 3 (25). – S. 13-18.

STATE AND LAW
ANDRYUKHINA Irina Yurjevna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor of State and municipal administration sub-faculty of the Western branch of the RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation
KARAMA Larisa Lvovna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor, Head of State and municipal administration sub-faculty of the Western Branch of the RANEPA under the President of the Russian Federation
IMPROVING APPROACHES TO THE ORGANIZATION OF STAFFING OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES AND LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT
The article discusses the problems of improving the staffing of public authorities and local self-government, for which the authors propose to replicate the experience of Russian enterprises in the real sector of the economy, successfully using the methods of business games and situational tasks in the selection of personnel to fill vacant positions. The authors substantiate the need to introduce the personnel services of the assessment center into practice and provide an algorithm for its operation.
Keywords: personnel policy, state and municipal administration, public authorities, local self-government bodies, assessment centers.
Work bibliographic list
1. Moskvitina N. V. Personnel policy and personnel audit. – Irkutsk: IGU Publishing House, 2018. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: www.isu.ru.
2. Wikipedia. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: Assessment Center – Wikipedia (wikipedia.org).
3. Bayteryakov S. V., Baryshnikova A. V., Kopytok V. K. Expert note. Personnel policy in the civil service: current problems and necessary changes. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cpur.ru/research_pdf/R_civil_servants_reforms_2021.pdf.

STATE AND LAW
KASHIRGOV Astemir Khasanovich
lecturer of Organization of law enforcement sub-faculty of the North-Caucasus Institute of Advanced Training (branch) of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, major of police
ORGANIZATIONAL AND LEGAL BASES OF THE EXECUTIVE POWER SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
For our country at this stage, it is very important to reform the state management system as a guarantee of effective public policy and it is very important to be able to adjust the work of the Government here. The Government is responsible for compliance with the provisions of the Constitution, international treaties, federal laws, presidential decrees. He is responsible for organizing their compliance and takes measures in case of violation. It directs and controls the activities of ministries and ministers. To exercise its powers, the Government may create various territorial bodies and representative offices and appoint their heads. Having studied the structure of federal authorities, we can say that the legislation on the definition of powers and the structural structure of federal authorities has many gaps and only the elimination of these shortcomings will allow effective federal management of executive authorities.
Keywords: government, executive power, federal bodies, constitution, federal assembly, government of the Russian Federation.
Work bibliographic list:
1. Federal constitutional law dated November 6, 2020 No. 4-FKZ “On the Government of the Russian Federation” // Consultant Plus: comp. ref. legal system. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru.
2. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of March 9, 2004 No. 314 “On the system and structure of federal executive bodies” // Rossiyskaya Gazeta of March 11, 2004 No. 48, of March 12, 2004 No. 50.
3. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of January 21, 2020 No. 21 “On the structure of federal executive bodies” // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation of January 27, 2020 – No. 4. – Art. 346.

STATE AND LAW
IGNATJEVA Oksana Nikolaevna
Ph.D. in sociological science, associate professor of State management sub-faculty of the Institute of History and State Management of the Bashkir State University
SIZONENKO Zarina Leronovna
Ph.D. in sociological sciences, associate professor of State management sub-faculty of the Institute of History and State Management of the Bashkir State University
KRAYNOVA Elena Nikolaevna
senior lecturer of State management sub-faculty of the Institute of History and State Management of the Bashkir State University
LOCAL INITIATIVES AS A RESOURCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIVIL SOCIETY
The authors of the article consider that through the support of local initiatives, municipal authorities receive additional resources to solve social and economic problems. The development of the inst itute of local initiatives to a certain extent depends on the level of development of the municipality, as well as the social satisfaction of the population with decisions on the most important issues of local importance. The initiative, as a rule, arises in the most problematic area of public life and requires a quick response. Local initiatives are based on non-standard approaches, complement the existing development regulation mechanism and involve the use of unrealized regional resources with minimal financial support.
Keywords: local initiatives, civil society, municipal government, local self-government.
Work bibliographic list
1. Federal Law No. 131-FZ of October 6, 2003 (as amended on December 30, 2021) “On the General Principles of Organizing Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_44571/ (date of access: 05.05.2022).
2. Bychkova E. I. Problematic issues of increasing the activity of citizens’ participation in the implementation of the law-making initiative. – Text: electronic // Constitutional and municipal law. – 2016. – No. 5. – P. 42-44. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=25995078 (date of access: 09/05/2022).
3. Guz N. A. Participatory budgeting: foreign experience and Russian practice. – Penza: Science and education, 2017. – 198 p. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=29765204&pff=1 (date of access: 08/25/2022).
4. Sukhorukov D. V. Structural and functional specificity of the urban environment as a factor of socio-cultural development / Text: electronic // ALMA MATER (Higher School Bulletin). – 2018. – No. 6. – P. 116-120. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=35167890 (date of access: 08/25/2022).
5. Shurygina E. S. Report on the state of local government in the Russian Federation / Edited by E. S. Shurygina. – 2nd ed., revised. and additional – M.: Prospekt, 2019. – 240 p. – ISBN 978-5-98597-310-5.

PEDAGOGY AND LAW
NIGMATULLINA Irina Vladimirovna
Ph.D. in sciences, associate professor of Philosophy, history and law sub-faculty of the Ufa branch of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
RASSOLOVA Irina Yurjevna
Ph.D. in sciences, associate professor of Philosophy, history and law sub-faculty of the Ufa branch of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
MUDARISOV Ramil Zufarovich
Ph.D. in historical sciences, professor of Philosophy, history and law sub-faculty of the Ufa branch of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
BURGANOVA Arina Akhiyarovna
student of the 4th course of the Ufa branch of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
THE MAIN TRENDS IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION IN MODERN RUSSIA
The article attempts to comprehend the cardinal changes taking place in the sphere of higher education in Russia. This is due to many factors: Russia’s withdrawal from the Bologna system, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the process of globalization in the modern world, the deteriorating international situation and internal socio-economic problems. The conclusion is made about the need for the development of classical state universities, regional educational complexes, campuses, distance learning. The main thing is to provide a person with many opportunities for self-development and self-education throughout life.
Keywords: competence, qualification, professionalism, Bologna system, humanism, continuing education, computerization of education.
Work bibliographic list
1. Electronic magazine “Kommersant” – Russian education – 06/02/2022, interview with Minister Valery Falkov “There will be both bachelors and masters.” [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: Komersant/ru|ljs|5381815/ (date of access: 09/27/2022).
2. What are the requirements for a person the Fourth industrial revolution. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: kakie-trebovaniya-predyavlyet-k–szloveku-szetvertaya-promushlennaya-revolyuzsiya/ (date of access: 09/27/2022).
3. R. V. Gurfova, M. V. Alikaeva, T. A. Nalchadzhi, I. Yu. No. 12 – 1. – S. 20-24.
4. Current trends in the socio-economic development of the regions. – State Social and Humanitarian University; ed. A. A. Ugryumova. – Kolomna, 2017. – 209 p.

PEDAGOGY AND LAW
PANOVA Olga Sergeevna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, professor of Physical training sub-faculty of the Volgograd Academy of the MIA of Russia
ZINNATOV Roland Rifatovich
senior lecturer of Physical training sub-faculty of the Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
SPORTS LAW IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LEGAL DEVELOPMENT AND IMPROVEMENT
The paper presents an analysis of the legal regulation of the sports industry of the Russian Federation. The authors indicate the ne ed to improve the regulatory framework of sports law, and its codification. At the same time, the gaps of legal regulation in the current legislative acts are revealed. Recommendations are given for their elimination by studying the theoretical basis of sports legal relations, as well as the practical activities of the subjects of the allocated area of law. The legislative list of powers of the subjects of the sports sphere is analyzed for comparison with their current activities and assessment of compliance with the general competence.
Keywords: sports law, physical culture, sport, branch of law, sports science, physical training, the sports industry.
Work bibliographic list
1. Babin A. V., Zinnatov R. R., Matveev A. S., Moral and patriotic education of youth in the modern world of physical culture and sports // In the collection: Problems and prospects for the development of physical culture and sports in educational institutions. Collection of materials of the VI All-Russian scientific-practical conference. Managing editor S. T. Aslaev. – 2020. – S. 10-12.

PEDAGOGY AND LAW
SMIRNOVA Maya Ivanovna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of Humanitarian and social-economical disciplines sub-faculty of the Crimean branch of the Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF INFORMATION OVERLOAD ON THE INFORMATION CULTURE OF STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF RUSSIA
The article is dedicated to the problems of formation of information culture of cadets and students of higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in conditions of information overload. The concept of information overload is analyzed, its negative impact on the information culture of a personality in conditions of information war is studied, the means of preventing threats to cultural and professional deformations are considered, and ways to counteract its harmful consequences are proposed.
Keywords: information, information war, information overload, information resource, psychological impact.
Work bibliographic list
1. Pronina L. A. Information culture as a factor in the development of the information society. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/informatsionnaya-kultura-kak-faktor-razvitiya-informatsionnogo-obschestva (date of access: 08/31/2022).
2. Price D. J. Little Science, Big Science. – N.Y: Columbia University Press, 1963.
3. Kapitsa P. L. Experiment. Theory. Practice. – M.: Nauka, 1987. – S. 196-197.
4. Facts and only facts: information overload. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://lpgenerator.ru/blog/2014/01/07/fakty-i-tolko-fakty-informacionnaya-peregruzka/ (date of access: 08/31/2022).
5. Ruff J. (2002). Information Overload: Causes, Symptoms and Solutions. Harvard Graduate School of Education’s Learning Innovations Laboratory (LILA). Information Overload: Causes, Symptoms and Solutions.pdf. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://workplacepsychology.net/2011/05/18/information-overload-when-information-becomes-noise/ (Accessed 08/31/2022).
6. Information overload, why it matters and how to combat it. [Electronic resource]. – Access Mode: https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/information-overload-why-it-matters-and-how-to-combat-it (Accessed 8/31/2022).
7. Selina M. V. Information overload. Varvara Chumakova on how to survive in the modern media environment. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://iq.hse.ru/news/215584230.html (date of access: 08/31/2022).
8. Information culture as a solution to modern information problems. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://sites.google.com/site/dianatinatkina2/proekt (Accessed 31.08.2022).

PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW
KOGAN Olga Stanislavovna
Ph.D. in medical sciences, professor of International relations, history and oriental studies sub-faculty of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
LIFANOVA Marina Vladislavovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal law and process sub-faculty of the Institute of Law of the Bashkir State University; associate professor of International relations, history and oriental studies sub-faculty of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
CHEKRYZHOV Aleksey Vladimirovich
senior lecturer of International relations, history and oriental studies sub-faculty of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PERSONALITY AND PROBLEMS OF CONFLICT FOR LEGAL PROFESSIONALS
One of the factors determining the importance of psychology for jurisprudence is the need to use psychological knowledge to resolve issues of dispute resolution and conflict situations in the practical work of lawyers arising in investigative practice, operational investigative and other law enforcement activities.
For professionals in the field of jurisprudence, it is necessary to have a clear understanding and interpretation of psychological phenomena related to such concepts as motive, purpose, guilt, state of affect, etc.
One of the areas of psychology of jurisprudence is the study of psychological features associated with communication interactions in the professional activities of an investigator, judge, lawyer and other law enforcement officer. At the same time, the psychological characteristics of participants in legal relations are studied: victims, suspects, accused, witnesses, including using psychodiagnostic methods and tests. The psychological state of law enforcement officers is also taken into account in order to prevent chronic burnout and functional overload.
Knowledge of psychology for jurisprudence is also necessary in solving a number of issues of psychological support of the educational process in the practice of higher legal education: career guidance and professional psychological selection of candidates for study, adaptation of students and cadets to the conditions of academic and service activities, development of professionally significant personality qualities of future lawyers, preparation of graduates for independent professional activity. In addition, knowledge of the psychological foundations of conflictology is of great importance for law staff.
Keywords: psychology of jurisprudence, conflictology, conflict, settlement of disputable and conflict situations.
Work bibliographic list
1. Antsupov A. Ya., Shipilov A. I. Conflictology. – 6th ed., Rev. and additional – Moscow [and others]: Peter, 2015. – 525 p.
2. Vasilyuk F. E. Life world and crisis: typological analysis of critical situations // Psychological journal. – 1995. – No. 3. – S. 90-101.
3. Grishina NV Psychology of conflict. 2nd ed. – St. Petersburg: Peter, 2008. – 544 p.
4. Deutsch M., Shikman S. Conflict: socio-psychological perspective // Social conflict: modern research: Abstract collection. – M.: ISAI, 1991. – S. 70-74.
5. Dmitriev A. V. Conflictology: Textbook. – M.: Gardariki, 2000. – 320 p.
6. Emelyanov S. M. Conflictology: textbook and workshop for academic baccalaureate. – 4th ed., Rev. and additional – M .: Yurayt Publishing House, 2018. – 322 p.
7. Kitaev-Smyk L. A. Psychology of stress: psychological anthropology of stress. – M.: Acad. project, 2009. – 943 p.
8. Myers D. Social psychology [transl. from English. Z. Zamchuk]. – 7th ed. – M. [and others]: Peter, 2011. – 793 p.
9. Rean A. A., Kolominsky Ya. L. Social pedagogical psychology. – St. Petersburg, 1999. – 416 p.
10. Savrasova S. V. Means of successful resolution of interpersonal conflicts in adolescence // Bulletin of science and education. – 2020. – No. 25-1. – S. 98-101.
11. Sorokina E. G. Conflictology in social work: textbook. allowance for students. higher textbook establishments. – 2nd ed., erased. – M.: Publishing Center “Academy”, 2010. – 208 p.
12. Sorokotyagin IN Psychology of jurisprudence as an independent discipline // Psychopedagogy in law enforcement agencies. – 2005. – No. 1 (23). – S. 97-98.
13. Horney K. Neurotic personality of our time. Introspection. – M.: Progress, 1993. – 478 p.

SOCIOLOGY AND LAW
RAKHMATULLINA Zilya Borisovna
Ph.D. in sociological sciences, associate professor of Social work sub-faculty of the Bashkir State University
KOVROV Vladimir Fedorovich
Ph.D. in sociological sciences, associate professor of Sociology and youth work sub-faculty of the Bashkir State University
THE PROBLEM OF LONELINESS OF ELDERLY PEOPLE AND APPROACHES TO ITS SOLUTION
The article examines the problem of loneliness of elderly people, highlights the main causes of loneliness and suggests some approaches to providing timely support to overcome loneliness of older people. The authors substantiate the position that retirement, a change in social status, the loss of relatives, friends, former contacts of communication, radically changes their lifestyle, and well-being is not for the better. The article focuses on the fact that it is the rupture of social ties and the loss of social communications that are the basis of loneliness of older people. The identified problem of loneliness of elderly people leads us to understand that the development of a system of social services for older people is required, which involves not only increasing the resources of social services and training specialized specialists, but also new capacities and appropriate financing of this area.
Keywords: loneliness, elderly people, retirement, aging, communication, health.
Work bibliographic list
1. The Ministry of Labor reported that more than a quarter of Russians are older than working age. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://tass.ru/ekonomika/11802399 (accessed 09/08/2022)
2. Centenarians were counted in Bashkiria. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://ufa.rbc.ru/ufa/01/10/2020/5f7568859a79474d946df8dd https://ufa.rbc.ru/ufa/01/10/2020/5f7568859a79474d946df8dd. (Accessed 12.09.2022)
3. Rakhmatullina Z.B., Kovrov V.F. Socio-economic problems of the elderly and approaches to their solution // Modern humanitarian research. 2020. No. 6. S. 54-57.
4. Psychological diseases of the elderly in Russia: World Health Organization [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-of-older-adults (Accessed 08.09.2020)
5. Rakhmatullina Z. B., Koroleva N. L. Information technologies in the life of older people // Development strategies of Russia and social work: All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation: Materials of reports and messages, November 12-14, 2019 / Southern Federal University [editor: A. V. Metelitsa, E. V. Serdyukova, L. S. Detochenko and others]. Rostov-on-Don; Taganrog: Southern Federal University Press, 2019. P. 89-91. (245 p.)
6. Rakhmatullina Z.B., Kovrov V.F. The project “Bashkir longevity” within the framework of the Russian concept of active longevity // Questions of the Humanities. 2022. No. 3 (120). pp. 26-29.

LANGUAGE AND LAW
MAKAYEVA Guzal Zaynagievna
associate professor of Foreign languages sub-faculty of the Institute of Economics and Management of the Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering
MAKAYEV Khanif Fakhretdinovich
associate professor of Foreign languages sub-faculty of the Institute of International Relations of the Kazan Federal University
STUDYING THE TERMS OF THE LEGAL SPHERE IN THE COGNITIVE ASPECT AS A GUARANTEE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE STUDENT’S CRITICAL THINKING
In this work, taking into account the theory of cognitive linguistics, some possibilities of working with legal terminology to contribute to the development of students’ critical thinking skills are considered. Definitions of the concepts “cognitive approach”, “critical thinking” are given. An attempt is made to show and implement the practical connection of linguistic research with didactic tasks. The results of the study can make a certain contribution to both pedagogical and linguistic science.
Keywords: cognitive, linguistics, term, student, critical thinking, didactic task.
Work bibliographic list
1. Vakhrameeva V. V. Terms of the same name in the English sublanguages of science and technology: dis. … cand. philol. Sciences: 10.02.04. – Omsk, 2003. – 143 p.
2. Grinev-Grinevich S. V. Terminology. – M.: Academy, 2008. – 304 p.
3. Kerber E. V. Linguistic features of German-speaking economic terminology: monograph / Nauch. ed. L. K. Kondratyukova; Ministry of Education and Science of Russia, OmSTU. – Omsk: Publishing House of OmGTU, 2013. – 148 p.
4. Makaev Kh. F., Sakaeva L. R., Yakhin M. A., Makaeva G. Z., Gulkanyan M. K. Word formation in the field of physics and its influence on common vocabulary. 5th International Interdisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts // SGEM. – 2018. – Vol. 5. – Issue. 36. – C. 711-718.
5. Makaeva G. Z., Makaev Kh. F., Merzlyakova L. Kh. Emphasis in general professional legal terms of the English language with-ee at the end of a word // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2021. – No. 12 (163). – S. 484-485.
6. Novodranova VF Terminological explosion in the 90s of the XX century. // Scientific and technical terminology. – M., 2000. – S. 68.
7. Reformatsky A. A. What is term and terminology (1959/1961) [Text] / A. A. Reformatsky // History of Russian terminology. Classics of terminology: essay and reader / V. A. Tatarinov. – M .: Moscow Lyceum, 1994. – S. 299-314.
8. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://didacts.ru/termin/kognitivnyi-podhod.html.
9. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://methodological_terms.academic.ru/643/COGNITIVE_APPROACH.
10. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical-thinking.

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
BIKMETOV Evgeniy Yurjevich
Ph.D. in sociological sciences, professor of Digital technologies in economics and management sub-faculty of the Ufa State Aviation Technical University
KUZNETSOVA Elena Vladimirovna
Ph.D. in sociological sciences, associate professor of Digital technologies in economics and management sub-faculty of the Ufa State Aviation Technical University
LARTSEVA Svetlana Aleksandrovna
Ph.D. in economical sciences, associate professor, Acting Head of digital technologies in economics and management sub-faculty of the Ufa State Aviation Technical University
RUVENNY Igor Yaroslavovich
Ph.D. in economical sciences, associate professor of Digital technologies in economics and management sub-faculty of the Ufa State Aviation Technical University
KEY STRATEGIC DECISIONS IN MARKETING MANAGEMENT
The article examines the key strategic decisions of marketing oriented management from the standpoint of a systemic, functional, behavioral, integrated approach. Theoretical and methodological substantiation of the development of interrelated strategies of segmentation, differentiation and customer orientation as an expression of strategic management thinking and action is carried out.
Keywords: marketing management, strategic thinking, strategic decisions, segmentation, differentiation, customer orientation.
Work bibliographic list
1. Bikmetov E. Yu., Ruvenny I. Ya. Strategic management thinking: problems of formation and means of evaluation // Innovative technologies for managing the socio-economic development of regions of Russia. Materials of the XII All-Russian scientific-practical conference with international participation. Ufa: UFITs RAN, 2020, pp. 94-99.
2. Kotler P. Marketing Management. 15th edition. Prentice Hall, 2015. 821 p.
3. Yankelovich D., Meer D. Rediscovering Market Segmentation // Harvard business review. 2006 Vol. 84(2). P. 122-131.
4. Kirillova L. K. Market segmentation: evolution and development directions in the context of marketing digitalization // Economics and Entrepreneurship. 2022. No. 1 (138). pp. 868–871.
5. Rebrikova N. V. Segmentation of the goods market according to the characteristics of consumers // Economics. Business. Banks. 2020. No. 9 (47). pp. 47-57.
6. Timokhina G. S., Prokopova L. G., Gribanov Yu. G., Zaitsev S. A., Murtuzalieva T. V. Study of approaches to segmentation of wealthy consumers in the market of banking services // Marketing and Marketing Research. 2022. No. 2. S. 86-103.
7. Smith W. R. Product Differentiation and Market Segmentation as Alternative Marketing Strategies // Journal of Marketing. 1956 Vol. 21. P. 3–8.
8. Beane T. P., Ennis D. M. Market segmentation: a review // European Journal of Marketing. 1987. No. 32 (5). P. 20-42.
9. Porter E. M. Competitive strategy: Methods of analysis of industries and competitors / per. from English. Moscow: Alpina Business Books, 2005. 454 p.
10. Zeithaml V., Bitner M. Services Marketing. N.Y.: McGraw-Hill, 1996. 370 p.
11. Abratt R., Russel J. Relationship marketing in private banking in South Africa // International Journal of Bank Marketing. 1999 Vol. 17. P. 5–19.
11. Shani D., Chalasani S. Exploiting niches using relationship marketing // Journal of consumer marketing. 1992. No. 3. P. 33–42.
12. Ryzhkovsky BN When does a client vote with money? // Company management. 2005. No. 7. S. 42-45.
13. Bikmetov E. Yu., Kasimova E. R., Kuznetsova E. V., Ruvenny I. Ya. Reference marketing as an innovative communication technology of interaction with consumers // Business. Education. Right. Vestn. Volgograd in-ta business. 2015. No. 2 (31). pp. 25-31.

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
ZAYTSEV Aleksey Gennadjevich
Ph.D. in economical sciences, associate professor, professor of Industrial economics sub-faculty of the G. V. Plekhanov Russian University of Economics
GOLIKOV Igor Olegovich
Ph.D. in technical sciences, associate professor of Power supply sub-faculty of the N. V. Parakhin Orel State Agrarian University
POLTORYKHINA Svetlana Valerjevna
Ph.D. in of economical sciences, associate professor, Head of Finance and credit sub-faculty of the Naberezhnye Chelny branch of the V. G. Timiryasov Kazan Innovative University (IEML)
KHAPILINA Svetlana Ivanovna
postgraduate student of the N. V. Parakhin Orel State Agrarian University
APPLICATION OF TOOLS TO IMPROVE ECONOMIC SECURITY BASED ON AN IN-STITUTIONAL APPROACH TO THE ANALYSIS OF INNOVATIVE TRANSFOR-MATIONS IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX
The article considers the processes accompanying the provision of economic security through the prism of food security and innovative transformations in the agro-industrial com-plex. The mission of the state policy in the field of promoting food security is characterized. The key institutional factors hindering the development of innovations in the functioning of agribusiness enterprises are described. Contradictions are established in the functioning and innovative development of the agro-industrial complex.
Keywords: economic security, food security, agro-industrial complex, agro-innovative system, agro-food system.
Work bibliographic list
1. Andreeva S. V. Economic security of agricultural enterprises: textbook. allowance. – Samara: Samara State University of Economics, 2019. – 116 p.
2. Derunova E. A. Formation of methodological tools for the study of regional innovative agrosystems. Bulletin of the Saratov University. New series. Series Economics. Control. Right. – 2019. – T. 19. Issue. 4. – S. 400-408.
3. Kadomtseva M. E. Influence of institutional factors on the formation of the strategy of innovative development of agricultural enterprises // Information security of regions. – 2014. – No. 3. – P. 94-100.
4. Kamyshanchenko E. N., Mazurek A. M. Transformation of the agro-industrial complex as a result of the use of innovative and state mechanisms – strategic development priorities and smoothing the socio-economic level of the Belgorod region // Food policy and security. – 2015. – No. 2 (1). – S. 19-32.
5. Polbitsyn S. N. Theoretical and methodological approaches to the formation of an agro-innovation system: author. dis. … doc. economy Sciences: 08.00.05. – Yekaterinburg, 2015. – 43 p.

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
KAISAROVA Valentina Petrovna
Ph.D. in economical sciences, associate professor of Management and planning of socio-economic processes sub-faculty of the Saint Petersburg State University
ERMOLINA Marina Anatoljevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of World politics sub-faculty of the Saint Petersburg State University
ECONOMIC AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GOALS IN THE FIELD OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN THE RUSSIAN REGIONS
The methodological approach to determining the goals of sustainable development in three components (economic, social and environmental) in the regions of Russia in accordance with the amicable agreement of the Agenda of the region in the field of sustainable development until 2030 requires careful consideration in the scientific base and consideration of the consideration of research results level. The results of the study include the rationale for the importance of implementing the UN SDGs, including the task of ensuring environmental sustainability, achieving a balance with other factors in future development.
Keywords: sustainable development, socio-economic development, environmental component of the SDGs, regional de velopment, regions of Russia.
Work bibliographic list
1. Guseinova E. D., Ermolina M. A. Problems of legislative technique in the environmental code of the subject of the Russian Federation // Eurasian legal journal. – 2021. – No. 3 (154). – S. 119-121.
2. Kirillov S. N., Pakina A. A., Tulskaya N. I. Assessment of sustainable development at the regional level: the example of the Republic of Tatarstan [Text] // Bulletin of the Volgograd State University. Series 3: Economy. Ecology. – 2017. – No. 4 (41). – P. 6.
3. On the protection of the natural environment: Law of the RSFSR of December 19, 1991 No. 2060-1 (as amended on July 10, 2001, as amended on December 30, 2001) // Consultant Plus SPS.
4. Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: UN Resolution of 25.09.2015 A/RES/70/1. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://sdgs.un.org/ru/2030agenda (date of access: 09/04/2022).
5. Sidorova T. Yu. Implementation of the concept of sustainable development in the Russian Federation // Siberian Legal Bulletin. – 2018. – No. 4. – P. 15.
6. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On the national goals and strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2024” // ATP “Consultant Plus”.
7. Shugurov M. V. International legal foundations for the transition to sustainable development // Bulletin of the Saratov State Law Academy. – 2013. – No. 2 (91). – S. 162.
8. Allen R. How to save the world: strategy for world conservation. Hardcover – June 1, 1980.
9. Brundtland G. H. World commission on environment and development // Environmental policy and law. – 1985. – T. 14. – No. 1. – P. 26.
10. Take Action for the Sustainable Development Goals. [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/ (accessed 04.09.2022).

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
NAMINOVA Kermen Vladimirovna
expert on creation and development business, IP Naminova K.V.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SCALING A STARTUP
The article presents an analysis of the essence of business scaling, shows how it differs from enterprise growth. The frequent mistakes of entrepreneurs when creating a startup and its development are highlighted. Recommendations are formulated on how to properly scale a business, why it should be done and what mistakes should be avoided.
Keywords: increase in revenues, scale of operations, expenses, business strategy, personnel, clients.
Work bibliographic list
1. Aleksandrin A. V. Actual indicators of value creation in the system of value-oriented management // Economics and business: theory and practice. – 2020. – No. 4. – P. 5-10.
2. Alexandrova E. N., Teplov A. S. Efficiency of venture investment management // International Journal of the Humanities and Natural Sciences. – 2022. – No. 4-4. – S. 14-18.
3. Sataev P. A. Recommendations for the development of a startup taking into account significant factors. Bulletin of the St. Petersburg State University of Economics. – 2022. – No. 3 (135). – S. 184-193.
4. Kuzmina T. I. Systematization of factors affecting the formation of business ecosystems // MNIZh. – 2020. – No. 1-2 (91). – P.23-26.
5. Mason C., Brown, R. Entrepreneurial ecosystems and growth oriented entrepreneurship. [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: https://www.oecd.org/cfe/leed/entrepreneurial-ecosystems.pdf.

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
NIZAMOVA Gulnara Zakievna
Ph.D. in economical sciences, senior lecturer of Economics and management at the enterprise of oil and gas industry sub-faculty of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
GAREEVA Zemfira Anisovna
Ph.D. in economical sciences, senior lecturer of Economics and management at the enterprise of oil and gas industry sub-faculty of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
KHALITOV Ruslan Ildarovich
magister student of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
ANALYSIS OF THE LIQUEFIED GAS MARKET IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article analyzes the liquefied gas market in the Russian Federation using economic and mathematical modeling tools. The results of this analysis can be used in the practice of oil and gas companies when developing strategic development plans.
Keywords: analysis, market, liquefied gas, production, correlation and regression analysis, oil and gas company.
Work bibliographic list
1. Aaker D., Kumar V., Day D. Marketing research. – M.: Piter, 2004. – 840 p.
2. Ayvazyan S. A., Mkhitaryan V. S. Applied statistics and foundations of econometrics. – M.: UNITI, 1998. – 1022 p.
3. Vlasova M. L. Sociological methods in marketing research: textbook. allowance for universities. – M.: Ed. House of State University Higher School of Economics, 2006. – 710 p.
4. Gareeva Z. A., Nizamova G. Z., Almukhametov I. N. The use of regional price analysis in procurement activities // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2019. – No. 12. – pp. 386-388
5. Dougherty K. D. Introduction to econometrics: TRANS. from English. – M: INFRA-M, 1999. – XIV, 402 p.
7. Kulaichev A.P. Methods and means of complex statistical data analysis: textbook. allowance. – 5th ed., revised. and additional – Moscow: INFRA-M, 2018. – 484 p. – (Higher about Education: Bachelor’s degree). – www.dx.doi.org/10.12737/25093. – ISBN 978-5-16-012834-4. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://znanium.com/catalog/product/975598.
8. Melikyan O. M. Consumer behavior: textbook. – 5th ed., Sr. – Moscow: Dashkov i K°, 2020. – 280 p.: ill. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://biblioclub.ru/index.php?page=book&id=112324 . – Bibliography: p. 237-239.
9. Musina D. R., Nizamova G. Z., Gaifullina M. M. Pricing on the world natural gas market // Oil and gas business. – 2018. – No. 2. – P. 188-208.
10. Nizamova G. Z., Musina D. R. Analysis of the factors of innovative development of regions // Economics and Management. – 2021. – No. 6. – P. 54-59.

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
NOVIKOVA Ekaterina Vitaljevna
Ph.D. in economical sciences, associate professor of Commodity science and customs affairs sub-faculty of the I. S. Turgenev Orel State University
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF IMPORT SUBSTITUTION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE OREL REGION)
This article explores the current topic related to the policy of import substitution in the regions, the stimulating measures on the part of the state are touched upon. The dynamics and commodity structure of exports and imports in the Orel region are analyzed. Attention is paid to the directions of development of export-oriented industries in the region, namely the grain industry.
Keywords: import substitution, industry, export, import, region, Orel region.
Work bibliographic list
1. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 15, 2014 No. 328 “On approval of the state program of the Russian Federation “Development of industry and increasing its competitiveness” (as amended and supplemented) [Electronic resource]. https://kodeksy-ru.com/norm_akt/source-%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C %D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE/type-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0% B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5/328-15.04.2014.htm
2. Kovarda V.V., Laptev R.A., Gololobova M.A. Prospects for the development of import substitution in Russia: a regional aspect // Bulletin of the Altai Academy of Economics and Law. – 2019. – No. 10-3. – S. 45-50.
3. Gatiyatulin Sh.N., Orlov A.V. Problems of import substitution in Russia and ways to resolve them // Forum. Series: Humanitarian and economic sciences. – 2022. – No. 3. – P. 8-12.
4. Decree of the Oryol Regional Council of People’s Deputies dated December 21, 2018 No. 31/823-OS “On Approval of the Strategy for the Socio-Economic Development of the Oryol Region until 2035”. [Electronic resource]. https://www.consultant.ru/regbase/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc&base=RLAW127&n=58299#u55DDHTgD1PJXxo11
5. Foreign trade of subjects of the Central Federal District: Oryol region [electronic resource]. https://ctu.customs.gov.ru/metodik/vneshnyaya-torgovlya-sub-ektov-czfo/orlovskaya-oblast-
6. Regions of Russia. Socio-economic indicators. 2021:stat. Sat. / Rosstat. – M., 2021. – 1112 p.
7. Oryol region in numbers. 2010, 2015, 2018-2020: brief stat. Sat. / Territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Oryol region. – Eagle, 2021. – 190 p.

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
IGNATJEVA Oksana Nikolaevna
Ph.D. in sociological science, associate professor of State management sub-faculty of the Institute of History and State Management of the Bashkir State University
SIZONENKO Zarina Leronovna
Ph.D. in sociological sciences, associate professor of State management sub-faculty of the Institute of History and State Management of the Bashkir State University
KOVSHECHNIKOVA Veronika Aleksandrovna
senior lecturer of Foreign languages of the humanitarian faculties sub-faculty of the Philological Faculty of the Bashkir State University
THE CURRENT STATE OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE ACTIVITIES OF PUBLIC AUTHORITIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN
The article is dedicated to the development of digital transformation of economic sectors, social sphere and public administration of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The authors note certain successes of public authorities in the development of the digital economy in the region, especially the social results obtained, which are associated with an increase in the quality of life of citizens, improving the environment for the development of commercial and non- profit organizations, providing conditions for more productive activities. At the same time, there are a number of acute problems that hinder the effective implementation of the strategy for the development of digital public administration in the republic.
Keywords: internet infrastructure, public services, public administration, IT projects, digital transformation, digitalization of industries.
Work bibliographic list
1. Official website of the Ministry of Digital Development of Public Administration of the Republic of Bashkortostan. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://it.bashkortostan.ru/ (date of access: 09/15/2022).
2. Official site of the Bashkir register of social cards. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://brsc.ru/customers/education/about (yes and accessed: 04/15/2022).
3. Decree of the Head of the Republic of Bashkortostan dated March 9, 2022 No. UG-100 “On the Control Center of the Republic of Bashkortostan”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0200202203170002 (date of access: 05/11/2022).

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
KHALIKOVA Elvira Anvarovna
Ph.D. in economical sciences of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
KANTOR Olga Gennadjevna
Ph.D. in physics and mathematics sub-faculty, professor of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
ERGASHEVA Shakhlo Turgunovna
Ph.D. in economic sciences, professor of the Tashkent State Economical University
GUSEYNOVA Nailya Zaminovna
magister student of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University, magister student of the Tashkent State Economical University
MONITORING OF KEY INDICATORS AS A TOOL FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF FINANCIAL FLOWS IN THE COMPANY
The presented article discusses the conceptual foundations of financial flow management based on the integration of the key functions of financial management – planning, accounting and analysis using a database and tools for its visualization and analytics.
The main emphasis is placed on the methodology of key performance indicators in the financial flow management system, including the “plan-fact” analysis of the performance of business plan indicators. On the example of an oil and gas company of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the approbation of the methodology considered is shown and how corrective management decisions can be made by the enterprise management.
Keywords: financial flows, key performance indicators, plan-fact analysis, business plan, financial results.
Work bibliographic list
1. Robert S. Kaplan, David P. Norton. Balanced scorecard. CJSC “Olimp-Business”. Moscow, 2003. 210 p.
2. Khalikova E.A., Arutyunyan B.Kh. Modern model of cash flow management in the company // Eurasian legal journal. 2017. No. 5 (108). pp. 382-385.
3. Business plan data [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.ung.uz/?ysclid=l8mtdtc3y377321763/

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
SAITBATALOVA Venera Tuhfatovna
senior lecturer of Theory and history of state and law sub-faculty of the Sibai Institute (branch) of the Bashkir State University
CHARACTERISTICS OF LEGAL PROBLEMS OF REGULATION OF PRODUCTION AND SALE OF ORGANIC PRODUCTS
The article deals with the problems of production and sale of organic products. One of the problems is the lack of compensation for the costs of purchasing certification of products, as well as the legislation has not developed a single list of analyzes for organic products. An important is the lack of a unified register that would contain information about the problem producers of organic substances for soil improvement and organic fertilizers. The author believes that one of the solutions will be the development of a comprehensive program of measures to prevent the falsification of organic products.
Keywords: organic products, national standard, regulatory regulation, certification, law.
Work bibliographic list
1. Belyakova Z. Yu. Formation of the organic sector of food products in Russia. Part 1. Development prospects // Dairy industry. – 2018. – No. 10. – P. 30-32.
2. Klimova M. L. Organic agriculture. International experience of legal regulation // Dairy industry. – 2018. – No. 5. – P. 46-47.
3. Kostrova Yu. B., Shibarshina O. Yu. To the question of the development of certification of organic products in the Russian Federation // Stolypinskiy vestnik. – 2020. – No. 3. – P. 85-89.
4. Kostrova Yu. B., Martynushkin A. B. The problem of development of the market for organic products in the Russian Federation // Bulletin of Michurinsky State Agrarian University. – 2020. – No. 1 (60). – S. 252-255.

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
DOBRYAKHINA Olesya Pavlovna
postgraduate student of the N. M. Fedorovskiy Transpolar State University
IMPLEMENTATION OF CITIES DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION MEGAPROJECTS: FEATURES AND PROBLEMS (THE CASE OF MOSCOW)
The article is dedicated to the problems of implementing megaprojects of cities digital transformation. As an example, the large-scale project “Smart City 2030”, implemented in Moscow, is considered. The general characteristics of this megaproject are given, the specifics of the development of the city’s IT infrastructure are analyzed, and the main problems of digitalization are highlighted. Based on the results of the analysis of the identified problems, basic recommendations for improving the efficiency of the implementation of the megaproject are proposed.
Keywords: megaproject, digital transformation, digitalization, smart city, Moscow.
Work bibliographic list
1. Erokhina O. V. “Smart Moscow”: a new concept for the development of the capital // Bulletin of the Financial University. Humanitarian sciences. – 2020. – No. 3. – P. 34-39.
2. Kuznetsov N. Moscow is turning into a smart city and a center of financial technologies. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://inosmi.ru/social/20171117/240786809.html (date of access: 21.08.2022).
3. Makarov P. Yu. Factors formation of the region’s intellectual capital // Social sciences. – 2015. – No. 3 (35). – S. 114-123.
4. Moscow is a smart city. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.tadviser.ru/index.php (date of access: 21.08.2022).
5. “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation”: Ministry of Digital Development, Communications and Mass Media of the Russian Federation. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://digital.gov.ru/ru/activity/directions/858/ (date of access: 08/21/2022).
6. Marr B. MIT Names Top 10 Breakthrough Technologies For 2018. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2018/02/21/here-are-the-top-10-breakthrough-technologies-for-2018/#6dbb619d5d25 (Accessed: 21.08. 2022).
7. Sassen S. 2019. The Global City: London, New York, Tokyo. 2nd ed. – Princeton: Princeton University Press. – 240 r.
8. The Top7 Intelligent Communities of the Year. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.intelligentcommunity.org/top7 (Accessed: 08/21/2022).
9. Woyke E. A smarter smart city. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610249/a-smarter-smart-city/ (accessed 21.08.2022).
References
1. Eroxina O. V. “Umnaya Moskva”: novaya koncepciya razvitiya stolicy // Vestnik Finansovogo universiteta. Humanitarian`e science. 2020. No. 3. S. 34-39.
2. Kuzneczov N. Moskva prevrashhaetsya v umny`j gorod i v centr finansovy`x texnologij. [E`lektronny`j resources]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://inosmi.ru/social/20171117/240786809.html (data obrashheniya: 08/21/2022).
3. Makarov P. Yu. Faktory` formirovaniya intellektual`nogo kapitala regiona // Obshhestvenny`e nauki. 2015. No. 3 (35). S. 114-123.
4. Moskva – smart city. [E`lektronny`j resources]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.tadviser.ru/index.php (data obrashheniya: 08/21/2022).
5. “Cifrovaya e`konomika RF”: Ministerstvo cifrovogo razvitiya, svyazi i massovy`x kommunikacij Rossijskoj Federacii [E`lektronny`j resurs]. – Rezhim dostupa: https://digital.gov.ru/ru/activity/directions/858/ (data obrashheniya: 08/21/2022).
6. Marr B. MIT Names Top 10 Breakthrough Technologies For 2018. [E`lektronny`j resources]. – Regim dostupa: http://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2018/02/21/here-are-the-top-10-breakthrough-technologies-for-2018/#6dbb619d5d25 (data obrashheniya: 21.08. 2022).
7. Sassen S. 2019. The Global City: London, New York, Tokyo. 2nd ed. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 240 r.
8. The Top7 Intelligent Communities of the Year. [E`lektronny`j resources]. – Rezhim dostupa: http://www.intelligentcommunity.org/top7 (data obrashheniya: 08/21/2022).
9. Woyke E. A smarter smart city. [E`lektronny`j resources]. – Rezhim dostupa: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610249/a-smarter-smart-city/ (data obrashheniya: 08/21/2022).

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
BOROVOY Evgeniy Mikhaylovich
Ph.D. in science philosophicals, associate professor (HAC), associate professor of Philosophy and history sub-faculty of the Siberian State University of Telecommunications and Informatics
POST-TRUTH PHENOMENON AS A TOOL FOR FORMING ORDINARY CONSCIOUSNESS
The phenomenon of post-truth, which has been taken root in modern society, is a significant factor in exacerbating social contradictions and undermining social values due to its enormous influence on the formation of the ordinary consciousness of society. This article discusses the concept of post-truth and its main mechanisms, the role of the philosophy of postmodernism in the process of spreading this phenomenon, as well as its consideration as a tool for the formation of public everyday consciousness.
Keywords: post-truth, truth, postmodern philosophy, mass media, citizenship, patriotism, historical memory.
Work bibliographic list
1. Matthew, d’Ancona Post-Truth: The New War on Truth and How to Fight Back. – 1st ed. – London: Ebury Digital, 2017. – 164 p.
2. Oxford Learner’s Dictionaries post-truth adjective. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/post-truth (Accessed: 08/19/2022)
3. Aliferenko I.V. Definition and study of the phenomenon of post-truth in scientific disciplines. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://moluch.ru/archive/310/70200/ (accessed 19.08.2022)
4. Glukhova A.V. Post-factual democracy and post-truth politics: how to protect reality // Personality, society, power: past and present: materials of the XII regional scientific conference. – Voronezh: ID VSU, 2018. – P. 368-373
5. Grachev M.V., Evstifeev R.V. The concept of “destruction of the truth” in a digital society (analytical review). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kontsept-razrusheniya-pravdy-v-usloviyah-tsifrovogo-obschestva-analiticheskiy-obzor/viewer (accessed 08/19/2022)
6. Kovalenko V.D. Post-truth: subjectivity and postmodernism. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://politonomia.ru/files/PostTruthInModernWorld.pdf#page=100 (accessed 19.08.2022)
7. Kostyrev A.G. Post-politics in post-truth networks // Polis. Political studies. – 2021. – No. 2. – P. 64-75
8. Kurbatova A.G. Historical memory is a clash of stereotypes and post-truth. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://ivran.ru/f/Central_Eurasia_2020_1.pdf.pdf#page=64 (accessed 20.08.2022)
9. Luchinsky Yu.V. “Government of Lies”: The “Post-Truth” Phenomenon by Steven Tesich. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_35410039_81770608.pdf (accessed 19.08.2022)
10. M.V. Neocordocentrism as the core of spiritual ecology – [Electronic resource] URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/neokordotsentrizm-kak-serdtsevina-duhovnoy-ekologii/viewer (accessed 19.08.2022)
11. Polagutina L.V. Social and ethical aspects of post-truth in the network society. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://politonomia.ru/files/PostTruthInModernWorld.pdf#page=173 (accessed 08/19/2022)
12. Rostova N.N. Philosophical analytics of the post-truth idea. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/filosofskaya-analitika-idei-postpravdy/viewer (accessed 02/19/2022)
13. Fotieva I.V., Semilet T.A. Post-truth phenomenon in modern media communication. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://sibphil.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/402/323 (accessed 08/19/2022)
14. Shatin Yu.V. Post-truth as a rhetorical phenomenon in the modern media space. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/postpravda-kak-ritoricheskiy-fenomen-v-sovremennom-mediaprostranstve/viewer (Accessed 08/19/2022)
15. Shushpanova I.S. “Post-truth” in social reality: risks and threats. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Irina-Shushpanova-2/publication/331025371_Post-truth_in_Social_Reality_Risks_and_Threats/links/6034e3f2a6fdcc37a8469f53/Post-truth-in-Social-Reality-Risks-and-Threats.pdf ( accessed 20.08.2022)

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
BUTENKO Anna Konstantinovna
Ph.D. in science philosophicals, senior lecturer of Theory of law and state sub-faculty of the Barnaul Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
PROBLEMATIC ISSUES OF THE ORIGIN AND GENESIS OF HISTORICAL CONSCIOUSNESS
Article is devoted to the analysis of the basic points of view of Russian and foreign researchers on one of the most debatable questions study of historical consciousness – time of its origin and genesis of historical consciousness. The author pays special attention to the presence in mythology of ideas about time, through which he argues for the existence of historical consciousness in the period of the primitive communal system.
Keywords: historical consciousness, genesis, mythology, mythological time, traditions, rituals, historiography.
Work bibliographic list
1. Elchaninov V.A. Actual problems of historical consciousness. – Barnaul: AltGU Publishing House, 2004. – 111 p.
2. Losev A.F. Ancient mythology. – M., 1957. – 620 p.
3. Meletinsky E.M. Poetics of myth. – M.: Eastern Literature, RAS, 2000. – 407 p.
4. Panyukov A.I. Historical consciousness: essence, structure, development trends: dissertation for the degree of candidate of philosophical sciences. – Krasnoyarsk, 1995. – 153 p.
5. Rakitov A.I. historical knowledge. – M.: Political literature, 1982. – 303 p.
6. Shor Yu.M. Essays on the theory of culture. – L.: LGITMIK, 1989. – 158 p.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
VINOGRADOVA Natalya Viktorovna
Ph.D. in science philosophicals, associate professor of Philosophy, history and social engineering sub-faculty of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
TUKAEVA Rosa Abdulkhaevna
Ph.D. in science philosophicals, associate professor of Philosophy and social disciplines sub-faculty of the S. M. Kirov St. Petersburg State Forestry University
SPACE ETHICS K. E. TSIOLKOVSKY: RATIONALISM AND HUMANISM
The article is dedicated to the work of the brilliant Russian scientist and philosopher K. E. Tsiolkovsky. The authors analyze the socio-ethical views of the thinker, based on his ideas about the harmony and perfection of the Universe, in which an infinite number of spirits-atoms live, faith in the human mind and progress. At the same time, attention is drawn to some contradictions in understanding how to achieve a perfect future, where every person can be happy.
Keywords: ethics, philosophy, universe, atom, spirit, mind, harmony, matter, happiness
Work bibliographic list
1. Tsiolkovsky K. E. Space philosophy. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.tsiolkovsky.org/en/nauchnoe-nasledie/
2. Tsiolkovsky K. E. Love for oneself, or true self-love. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.tsiolkovsky.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/63-tsiolkovsky-lyubov-k-samomu-sebe-ili-istinnoe-sebyalyubie.pdf.
3. Tsiolkovsky K. E. Ethics or the natural foundations of morality. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.tsiolkovsky.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/166-tsiolkovsky-etika-ili-estestvennye-osnovy-nravstvennosti.pdf.
4. Tsiolkovsky K. E. Features of my life. [Elect crown resource]. – Access mode: https://www.tsiolkovsky.org/ru/biografiya/
5. Tsiolkovsky K. E. Rights and obligations of a person. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.tsiolkovsky.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/107-tsiolkovsky-prava-i-obyazannosti-cheloveka.pdf.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
GALIAKHMETOV Ravil Nurgayanovich
Ph.D. in science philosophicals, associate professor of Personnel management sub-faculty of the Krasnoyarsk Institute of Railway Transport (branch) of the Irkutsk State University of Railway Transport
PAGULYCH Valeriya Andreevna
magister student of the Institute of Pedagogy Psychology and Sociology (IPPS) Siberian Federal University
PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONFLICT NATURE OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION
The article deals with the peculiarities of conflict in interpersonal communication through the prism of philosophy. Special attention in the process of research is paid to the philosophical understanding of the category of contradiction, unity, value. The value of communication between people in the process of their integration into society and being in it is also denoted. Particular emphasis is placed on the epistemological aspect of the conflict nature of interpersonal communication.
Keywords: communication, conflict, society, individual, interest, interaction, value, philosophy, unity.
Work bibliographic list
1. Dobronravova U. V. The logical project of the philosophy of the new time: the birth of the individual and the social contract // Bulletin of the Chelyabinsk State University. – 2022. – No. 5 (463). – S. 106-115.
2. Bodrukhin VN, Bodrukhina IN Interpersonal conflicts: causes and resolution // Interial. – 2019. – No. 2 (6). – S. 109-111.
3. Sklyarova A. M. Neo-Freudism, humanistic philosophy and psychology about the dehumanization of personality // Information-Communication-Society. – 2021. – T. 1. – S. 97-104.
4. Kholodova A. A. Personality and personal experience in modern philosophy // Humanitarian and socio-economic sciences. – 2019. – No. 6 (109). – S. 24-29.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
Gorbachev Sergey Borisovich
Ph.D. in political sciences, associate professor of Philosophy and cultural studies sub-faculty of the Bashkir State University
TO THE QUESTION OF THE NEED FOR AUTARKY OF THE STATE IN MODERN CONDITIONS
The article is devoted to the problem of ensuring the autarky of the state in modern conditions. With the development of the globalization process at the end of the 20th – beginning of the 21st century, the prevailing opinion became that in the conditions of increasing interdependence of countries, autarky is impossible and unnecessary. Recent events, primarily the so-called “sanctions policy” of the West, have shown that ensuring the autarchy of the state can become a matter of its survival.
Keywords: state, autarky, globalization, civilization.
Work bibliographic list
1. Alekseev N.N. Russian people and state. M.: Agraf, 1998. 640 p.
2. Wallerstein I. World-system analysis: Introduction / Per. N. Tyukina. M.: Territory of the Future, 2006. 248 p.
3. Vakhitov R.R., Gorbachev S.B. On the events in Belarus: the transformation of society against the backdrop of geopolitics // On the eternal and transient: a collection of scientific articles. Issue 11 / Rev. ed R.H. Lukmanov. Ufa: RIC BashGU, 2020, pp. 6-9.
4. Gorbachev S.B. The ideological foundations of Wahhabism and the threat of its spread in Russia // Indigenous peoples of modern Russia: ethno-linguistic, legal, socio-cultural and spiritual problems: materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference dedicated to the International Year of Indigenous Languages declared by the UN in 2019 (Ufa, April 26 2019) / rev. ed. L.A. Itkulov. Ufa: RIC BashGU, 2019, pp. 96-99.
5. Gorbachev S.B. The main ways to solve the global environmental problem // United Nations and global problems of mankind in the XXI century: collection of materials of the International Scientific and Practical Conference (Ufa, November 15-16, 2019) / Ed. ed. R.V. Nigmatullin. Ufa: RIC BashGU, 2019, pp. 131-136.
6. Gorbachev S.B. The problem of state sovereignty in the modern world // Eurasian legal journal. 2020. No. 1 (140). pp. 471-473.
7. Gorbachev S.B. Implementation of Western Geostrategy in the Middle East as a Policy of Double Standards // Economics and Management: Scientific and Practical Journal. 2021. No. 3 (159). pp. 187-190.
8. Gorbachev S.B. Subjective foundations of classical Eurasianism // On the eternal and transient: a collection of scientific articles. Issue 12 / Rev. ed R.H. Lukmanov. Ufa: RIC BashGU, 2021, pp. 22-24.
9. Message of the President to the Federal Assembly. January 15, 2020. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/62582 (accessed 05/09/2022).

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
ELIZAROV Mikhail Vladimirovich
Ph.D. in science philosophicals, associate professor of International relations, history and oriental studies sub-faculty of the Institute of Ecosystems of Business and Creative Industries of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL ORIGINS OF THE IDEA OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN RUSSIA AND IN EUROPE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
This paper delineates the cultural and historical background that influenced the genesis and evolution of the idea of human rights in the Russian and European cultural tradition. The purpose of the study is to identify the reasons why the idea of human rights in Russia has always lagged behind and developed more slowly than in the West. The methodology of the paper is based on an organic combination of the philosophical approach, general scientific and special research methods. In particular, the historical method and the method of comparative analysis are used to carry out a systematic analysis of the intellectual, cultural and historical origins of the idea of human rights in Russia and Europe, taking into account the Greco-Roman, Byzantine and Germanic influences. Based on the conducted research, the author suggests that the idea of human rights has always been alien to the mindset of Russians. The influence of nomadic people groups on ethnocultural development of Russia, coupled with the traditional autocratic form of rule that had passed from Byzantium to Rus’, has formed a definable mindset of the Russian people, causing serious challenges and difficulties in promoting the idea of human rights. In order to maintain unity and order over such huge areas, Russia has always required a strong (sometimes even oppressive) government with the subordination of all life to the state interest that naturally didn’t contribute to the adoption of human rights as a comprehensive concept . And yet, a great spiritual culture, represented by the outstanding Russian writers, poets and artists of the “golden age”, created the conditions necessary for the development of the human rights idea that eventually helped Russia to become a full-fledged (maybe even a spiritually superior) partner of the European community, though not without sacrifice.
Keywords: Russia, Europe, civilization, human rights, spiritual culture, East-West dichotomy, legal consciousness, mindset.
Work bibliographic list
1. Alekseev N. N. Russian people and state. – M.: “Agraf”, 1998. – 635 p.
2. Belinsky V. G. Letters: three volumes / Ed. and note. E. A. Lyatsky. T. 1: [1829-1839]. Letter to D.I. Ivanov dated August 7, 1837 – St. Petersburg: type. M. M. Stasyulevich, 1914. – P. 92.
3. Berdyaev N. A. The fate of Russia. – M.: “Philosophical Society of the USSR”, 1990. – 240 p.
4. Lossky N. O. Terms of absolute goodness. – M.: Politizdat, 1991. – 367 p.
5. Pushkin A. S. Collected works: in ten volumes. T.6. Criticism and journalism / Note. Y. Oksman. – M .: State Publishing House of Fiction, 1962. – 590 p.
6. Collected works of N. I. Kostomarov. Historical monographs and researches. – Prince. 5. T. 12. – St. Petersburg: “Society for the benefit of needy writers and scientists”, 1903-1906. – 827 p.
7. Solovyov E. Yu. The past interprets us (Essays on the history of philosophy and culture). – M.: Politizdat, 1991. – 430 p.
8. Surovtseva E. V. Freedom as a phenomenon of Russian culture in history and modernity // Bulletin of the Chelyabinsk State University. – 2014. – No. 11 (340). – S. 51-58.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
ELKHOVA Oksana Igorevna
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, associate professor, professor of Philosophy and cultural studies sub-faculty of the Bashkir State University
KUDRYASHEV Aleksandr Fedorovich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, professor, professor of Philosophy and cultural studies sub-faculty of the Bashkir State University
POSSIBILITIES OF USING EMOTION ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE PROCESS OF LEARNING
This paper assesses the possibilities and prospects for the use of emotion artificial intelligence in the educational process. The authors note that artificial intelligence technologies are confidently entering the field of education, becoming an innovative step towards a new educational system of a higher quality level. As a result, students receive more solid knowledge than of those studying under the traditional system. Using the capabilities of emotion artificial intelligence can significantly improve the quality of knowledge acquisition by users. Emotion artificial intelligence prepared accordingly, generates adapted interventions given the nature and directionality of changes in the current state of the user, as a result, educational information becomes interesting, emotionally colored and, accordingly, its assimilation will be more reliable than with the usual way of presenting material.
Keywords: philosophy, emotion artificial intelligence (Emotion AI, emotional artificial intelligence, emotional intelligence, affective computing), virtual reality, learning process.
Work bibliographic list
1. Elkhova O. I. Index of virtuality: philosophical justification // Bulletin of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series: Humanities and social sciences. – 2021. V. 21. – No. 3. – P. 99-107.
2. Elkhova O. I., Kudryashev A. F. The creative ability of artificial intelligence // Creativity Studies. – twenty 17. – T. 10. – No. 2. – S. 135-144.
3. Keri A. Pekaar, Dimitri van der Linden, Arnold B. Bakker & Marise Ph. Born Emotional intelligence and job performance: The role of enactment and focus on others’ emotions // Human Performance. – 2017. – 30:2-3. – R. 135-153.
4. Magdin M. Evaluating the Emotional State of a User Using a Webcam. // International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence. – 2016. – 4 (1). – R. 61-68.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
ZUBKOV Sergey Aleksandrovich
Ph.D. in science philosophicals, associate professor of Philosophy and religious studies sub-faculty of the A. G. and N. G. Stoletov Vladimir State University
ECOPHILIC IMAGES OF VEDIC PHILOSOPHY
The article examines the connection of the ecophilic Vedic philosophy, which originated in India and is now widely spread beyond its borders. Support is given to the sacred scriptures of India. The theme of the sacralization of nature as a whole and its various objects is revealed: animals, plants, rivers, lakes, mountains. The connection of ecophilic images of Vedic philosophy with modernity, with the processes of globalization, with global problems is revealed.
Keywords: ecophilicity, Vedic philosophy, theology, sacralization.
Work bibliographic list
1. Adamchik M. V. Eastern philosophy. – Minsk: Harvest Publishing House, 2006. – 320 p.
2. Basil as a dietary supplement. – [Electronic resource] – Access mode: http://cgon.rospotrebnadzor.ru/content/ostalnoe/bazilik-kak-bad (date of access: 07/30/2022).
3. Goddess of the Earth Prithivi (Bhumi) – Mother-Nurse of all living beings. – [Electronic resource] – Access mode: https://www.oum.ru/yoga/vedicheskaya-kultura/boginya-zemli-pritkhivi-bkhumi-mat-kormilitsa-vsekh-zhivykh-sushchestv/ (date of access: 07/30/2022 ).
4. Boreyko V. E. A breakthrough in environmental ethics. – K.: Logos, 2013. – 168 p.
5. Boreyko V. E. Philosophers of animal protection and environmental protection. – K.: Logos, 2012. – 180 p.
6. Basham A. Civilization of Ancient India. – Yekaterinburg: U-Factoria Publishing House, 2007. – 496 p.
7. Dmitriev R.V. Supporting frame of settlement and economy of modern India. – M.: Publishing house MAKS Press, 2014. – 156 p.
8. Kremo Michael A., Mukunda Goswami. Divine nature. – M.: BBT Publishing House, 2004. – 121 p.
9. Zubkov S. A. Criteria of religious ecophilicity // Proceedings of the Irkutsk State University. Series “Political Science. Religious Studies”. – 2019. – Volume 28. – S. 92-100. – Doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2019.28.92.
10. Rosen S. Vegetarianism in World Religions: Transcendental Diet – M.: Philosophical Book Publishing House, 2013. – 176 p.
11. Satsvarupa dasa Gosvami. Essays on Vedic Literature. – M.: BBT, 2008. – 160 p.
12. A land of contrasts: why a tree is worshiped in India. – [Electronic resource] – Access mode: https://realnoevremya.ru/articles/125732-o-svyaschennom-indiyskom-kustarnike-tulasi (date of access: 07/30/2022).
13. Timoshchuk A. S. Aesthetics of the Vedic culture. – Vladimir: Publishing House of the All-Russian Institute of Justice of the Ministry of Justice of Russia, 2003. – 112 p.
14. Timoshchuk A. S. Ecology in Vedic culture // Laws of the ecological sphere of society: Proceedings of the VIII International Fair of Ideas, 33rd Academic Symposium. – Nizhny Novgorod: Ed. Gladkova O. V., 2005. – S. 223-224.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
IZMAILOVA Dzhamilya Ibragimovna
Ph.D. in science philosophicals, associate professor of Philosophy sub-faculty of the Mikhail Tugan-Baranovskiy Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade
ISSUES OF GENDER SELF-DETERMINATION IN THE PROBLEM FIELD OF BIOETHICS: SOCIAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECT
The article is devoted to the study of issues of gender self-determination of a person in the context of modern bioethics and social philosophy. The axiological and sociocultural grounds for the study of gender issues in the context of social philosophy are determined. The analysis of the genesis and evolution of the concepts of “gender” and “gender identity” is carried out, their conceptual content is determined. A comparative analysis of the understanding of gender diversity through the prism of bioethics and social philosophy has been carried out, the sociocultural and evolutionary prospects of mankind in the context of gender identities have been determined.
Keywords: bioethics, gender, gender identity, gender self-determination, gender diversity.
Work bibliographic list
1. Balditsyna E. I., Baklanov I. S., Baklanova O. A. Features of the study of gender identity in modern social theory // Woman in Russian society. – 2019. – No. 2. – P. 43–51.
2. Watson D., Seidl H. The evolution of views on gender identity: a disorder or a “new” normal? // Ros. psychiatric magazine. – 2017. – No. 5. – No. 33–39.
3. Isaev D. D. A systematic approach to the problem of gender identity // Pediatrician. – 2012. – T. 3, No. 4. – S. 37-40.
4. Klyotsina I. S. Gender socialization. – St. Petersburg: Alteyya, 2004. – 92 p.
5. Lomova T. E. Stereotypes in the gender attitudes of modern Russian youth: thesis …. candidate of cultural studies. – M .: Publishing house of the RSL, 2005. – P. 15.
6. Dictionary of gender terms / Ed. A. A. Denisova / Regional public organization “East-West: Women’s Innovation Projects”. – M.: Information XXI century, 2002. – 256 p.
7. Tishchenko P. D. Biotechnological re-de-construction of the human in man and the problem of responsibility: the casus of sexuality // Bioethics and humanitarian expertise: a comprehensive study of man and virtualistics. Issue. 3 / Ros. acad. Sciences, Institute of Philosophy; Responsible ed. F. G. Maylenova. – M.: IFRAN, 2009. – 236 p.
8. Genderqueer and Non-Binary Genders (English) / Christina Richards, Walter Pierre Bouman, Meg-John Barker (eds.). – London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. – 306 p.
9. Reilly-Cooper R. Gender is not a spectrum. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://aeon.co/essays/the-idea-that-gender-is-a-spectrum-is-a-new-gender-prison (access date: 09/25/2022).
10. Richards Ch., Bouman W. P., Seal L. et al. Non-binary or genderqueer genders // Intern. Rev. Psychiatry. – 2016. – No. 28 (1). – P.p. 95–102.
11. Seidl H. Gender Related Behavior Scale. 2004.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
KABAKHIDZE Ekaterina Lvovna
Ph.D. in science philosophicals, associate professor of Linguistics, translation studies and intercultural communication sub-faculty of the Faculty of Foreign Languages and Area Studies of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
MEDIEVAL DISPUTE ON UNIVERSALS: ANCIENT PAST, PHENOMENOLOGICAL PRESENT AND COGNITIVE FUTURE
The article presents an overview of approaches to the issues of universals in the philosophical and historical perspective and its intrinsic connection to language, consciousness and thinking process on the basis of Plato’s dialogue “Lesser Hippias”, “Cratylus”, Aristotle’s essay “Categories” as well as scholastic treaties by Thomas Aquinas and other medieval philosophers analyzed from the standpoint of the contemporary cognitive science and concepts in the modern philosophy. Special attention is attributed to genus-species relations which reveal the categorical architecture of consciousness.
Keywords: universals, consciousness, Plato, concept, eidos, realists, nominalists
Work bibliographic list
1. Aquinas Thomas. Sum Theology. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://azbyka.ru/otechnik/konfessii/summa-teologii-tom-1/ (date of access: 06/02/2022).
2. Aristotle. Categories. – M .: State socio-economic publishing house, 1939. – P. 54.
3. Gadamer H.-G. Truth and method. – M., 1988. – S. 527.
4. Kubryakova E. S. In search of the essence of language: Cognitive research / Institute of Linguistics RAS. – M.: Znak, 2012. – P. 46.
5. Plato. Hippias the Greater. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode https://classics.nsu.ru/bibliotheca/plato01/gippb.htm (date of access: 06/01/2022).
6. Plato Dialogues. – M .: Publishing house AST. 2020. – S. 183.
7. Sokolov VV Medieval philosophy: Proc. A guide for philosophy. fak. and departments of un-comrade. – M .: Higher school, 1979. – S. 147.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
MUSLIMOVA Larisa Faniljevna
Ph.D. in science philosophicals, associate professor of Philosophy, history and social engineering sub-faculty of the Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
THE ABSOLUTE BEGINNING OF HUMAN AS A SUBJECT OF RESEARCH OF PHILOSOPHY
The presented article deals with the problem of the spiritual development of a person, the formation of moral ideals. The author examines the epistemological analysis of the categories of spirituality, the absolute beginning, defining their ontological significance. The relevance of the study of spiritual development is due to many problems of the present society, the replacement or loss of categories of a higher, absolute order, ideals and values. Attention is focused on the need to actualize the problem of the spiritual development of a person in a real society.
Keywords: Absolute beginning, spirituality, spiritual development of a person.
Work bibliographic list
1. Thompson M. Eastern philosophy / Per. from English. Y. Bondareva. – M.: FAIR-PRESS, 2001.
2. Isaeva N.V. Shankara and Indian Philosophy. – M.: Nauka, 1991. – S. 38.
3. Self-liberation through seeing with naked awareness. St. Petersburg: Cultural Center “Uddiyana”, 2001.
4. Plato. Phaedo, Pir, Phaedrus, Parmenides / Ed. ed. A.F. Losev, V.F. Asmusa, A.A. Tahoe-Godi. M.: Thought, 1999. – P.158.
5. Borgosh J. Thomas Aquinas. – M.: Thought, 1975.
6. E. Meister. About detachment. – M.; St. Petersburg: University book, 2001.
7. Aminova A.R. Ontological aspect of transcending. – Ufa: RIO BashGU, 2006.
8. Schelling F.V.J. philosophy of revelation. T. 1. – St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2000.
9. Heisenberg V. Physics and Philosophy. Part and whole. – M.: Nauka, 1989.
10. Averyanov A.N. Systemic knowledge of the world. – M.: Politizdat, 1985.
11. Lukyanov A.V. The idea of “pure love” metacriticism. – Ufa: RIO BashGU, 2001.
12. Khaziev V.S. Philosophical essays (ideological basis of tolerant consciousness). – Ufa: Kitap Publishing House, 2008.
13. Vygotsky L.S. Thinking and speech. – M., 1934.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
LOBANKOVA Inna Petrovna
Ph.D. in culturological sciences, associate professor of Philosophy, history and social engineering sub-faculty of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
PROTO-TOWN CULTURE OF EURASIA: SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL ASPECT
The article considers the process of formation of the proto-town culture on four levels of an objectness being: a thing (artifact), an activity (symbol), a sign (word), the limit universal (passionary energy) on the example of the archaeological Indo-Iranian monument of Arkaim. The of becoming the Indo-Iranian ethnos comes from the spirit, word, ideal structures, passionarity, showing the cultural code of the people. The movement of the objectness form here is apofatically from energy to objectness. The philosophical scheme of the hermeneutical circle proves the priority of the energy-passionary spiritual culture of Arkaim over its subject form.
Keywords: proto-town culture, passionarity, objectness, energy.
Work bibliographic list
1. Gumilyov L. N. Ethnogenesis and biosphere of the Earth. – M.: Iris-press, 2011. – 560 p.
2. Zdanovich G. B. The idea of the house of the Aryans of the Rigveda and the residential complex of the settlement I am Arkaim / Gloria Bibliospherae (Ariadne’s Thread). Acad. int. scientific Sat. – Sofia, 2016. – S. 415-426.
3. Zdanovich G. B. Arkaim. Archeology of fortified settlements: monograph: in 2 books. Book. 1: Dwellings and living space / G. B. Zdanovich, T. S. Malyutina, D. G. Zdanovich / ChelGU; Chelyab. state reserve “Arkaim”. – Chelyabinsk: ChelGU Publishing House, 2020. – 450 p.
4. Losev A. F. Thing and name. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://hghltd.yandex.net/yandbtm?text.
5. Nevelev A. B. Being of man: the dialectic of objectivity and energy // Vestnik ChelGU. – 2012. – No. 15. – P. 30-34.
6. Jaspers K. Philosophy. Book one. Philosophical orientation in the world / Per. A. K. Sudakova. – M.: “Kanon+”, 2012. – 384 p.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
MARYUSHKO Anna Valerjevna
postgraduate student of Philosophy, history and social engineering sub-faculty of the Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
SYNERGETIC AND VIRTUAL ASPECTS OF PUBLIC LEGAL ORDER AND LEGAL CONSCIOUSNESS: A SOCIAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS
The article explores the synergetic and virtual aspects of public law and order. Virtual reality in this regard is included in the close context of legal reality. The rule of law acts as the substantive basis of social relations and has special preventive properties. At the same time, public order and legal consciousness often operate with probabilistic models of the formation of social relations. The author explores the factor of chance, which turns out to be included in the process of legal regulation of property relations, exchange and distribution. But chance can be used in lawmaking if it creates innovation.
Keywords: synergetics, public order, virtual reality, virtuality, chance, property, legal regulation, legal consciousness.
Work bibliographic list
1. Ilyin I. A. The general doctrine of law and the state // Ilyin I. A. Works: in 10 volumes. T. 4. – M., 1994.
2. Vetutnev Yu. Yu. About legal chance and legal chaos // Journal of Russian law. – 2003. – No. 7.
3. Sorokin VV The concept of evolutionary transformation of legal systems in the transition period. – Barnaul, 2002.
4. Shundikov KV The factor of chance in the legal life of society // Legal policy and legal life. – 2013. – No. 2.
5. Elkhova O. I. Real and virtual: criteria for distinction // Spirituality: traditions and problems: interuniversity scientific collection / Ed. ed. A. V. Lukyanov. – Ufa: RIC BashGU, 2011.
6. Heim M. Metaphysics of virtual reality // Possible worlds and virtual realities. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.ido.rudn.ru/ffec/philos/chtest/g12/hiem_m.html (date of access: 03.03.2011).
7. Maslow A. Motivation and personality. – St. Petersburg: Eurasia. 1999.
8. Solovieva L. N. Oduses of the digital existence of a person of the information age // Society: philosophy, history, culture. – 2022. – No. 4.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
PISAREVA Anna Vladimirovna
senior lecturer of Philosophy sub-faculty of the M. Tugan-Baranovsky Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade
SOCIOCULTURAL ASPECTS IN THE SYNERGISTIC NATURE OF SELF-GOVERNMENT
The article analyzes the views on the social nature of self-government, considers the fundamental vectors of the possible development of self-government as one of the basic components of the existence of society as a system, identifies the role of socio-cultural aspects in the processes of self-government and their significance in the synergistic nature of self-organization.
Keywords: self-government, social synergetics, social system, passionarity, sociocultural factors.
Work bibliographic list
1. Davydenkova A. G., Tufanov A. O. Institutionalization of the socio-cultural and economic life of society: socio-philosophical aspects. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/institutsionalizatsiya-sotsiokulturnoy-i-ekonomicheskoy-zhizni-obschestva-sotsialno-filosofskie-aspekty/viewer
2. Kagan M. S. “Synergetics and cultural studies” / Synergetics and methods of science. – St. Petersburg: Nauka, 1998. – 439 p.
3. Knyazeva E. N., Kurdyumov S. P. Fundamentals of synergetics. – St. Petersburg: “Aletheya”, 2002.
4. Kashirin V. I., Kashirina O. V. “Synergetics in the context of the teaching of Russian philosophy about time: the concept of the culture of time” / Synergetic paradigm. Social synergy. – M.: Progress-Tradition, 2009. – 688 p.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
OLESHKOVA Anna Mikhailovna
Ph.D. in historical sciences, associate professor of Humanitarian and social economical sub-faculty of the Nizhny Tagil Social Pedagogical Institute (branch) of the Russian State Professional Pedagogical University
GROUP IDENTITY AS A CONSTRUCT AND PROTOTYPE (BASED ON INTERNET COMMUNICATION MATERIALS)
The concept of “identity” is considered from the standpoint of critical discourse analysis and cognitive approach. Identity is a synthesis of representation and constructionism (the influence of ideology), on the one hand, and sensory experience (body experience), on the other hand. The study of identity is conducted with two different aspects taken into account: in the first, the social component is considered as a dominant one (the theory of the Frankfurt school, Vodak, van Dyck), in the second, the emphasis is placed on physicality, understanding the body simultaneously as a physical structure that is a medium for cognitive processes, and a living phenomenological entity (Merleau-Ponty, Erickson, Lakoff, Roche). The prospects of methodological synthesis of critical studies of discourse and cognitive approach on the materials of Internet communication are presented. The importance of including modern empirical material in the field of philosophical analysis is indicated, since it is the latter that has the possibility of interdisciplinary synthesis of disciplines that historically arose later than philosophy itself: sociology, political science, cultural studies, psychology. It is also important to emphasize the need for scientific cooperation between philosophy and linguistics, taking into account the experience of linguistic analysis of discourse on examples of specific empirical material.
Keywords: identity, discourse, power, constructionism, critical discourse analysis, prototype, categories, embodied cognition, Internet commentary.
Work bibliographic list
1. Berger P., Lukman T. Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise on the Sociology of Knowledge. – M.: Academia-Center, Medium, 1995. – 334 p.
2. Vasilyeva M. V. Representation of cultural identity on the Internet: dis. … cand. philosopher. Sciences. – St. Petersburg, 2017. – P. 54.
3. Vodak R. Relationship “discourse – society”: a cognitive approach to critical discourse analysis // Political Linguistics. – 2006. – No. 19. – P. 107-116.
4. Vodak R. Politics of fear. What does right-wing populist discourse mean? / Per. from English. – X .: Publishing House “Humanitarian Center” / Kochergina E. N., Gritchina O. V., 2018. – 404 p.
5. Gabibullaeva N. F. G. The concept of “ideology” and discourse within the framework of critical discursive analysis // Baltic Humanitarian Journal. – 2020. – T. 9. – No. 3 (32). – S. 237-240.
6. Germasheva T. M. Virtual linguistic personality in the space of blog-discourse // Bulletin of the Adyghe State University. Series 2: philology and art history. – 2014. – No. 2 (140). – S. 36-40.
7. Dyck T. A. van. Discourse and power: Representation of dominance in language and communication. – M.: LIBROKOM, 2013. – 344 p.
8. James W. Psychology. – M.: Pedagogy, 1991. – 368 p.
9. Kozlov S. V. Social constructionism of P. Berger and T. Lukman on the role of legitimation in the social construction of reality // Modern Science. – 2020. – No. 1-2. – S. 182-186.
10. Lakoff J. Women, fire and dangerous things: What the categories of language tell us about thinking. Book I: The Mind Out of the Machine / Per. from English. I. B. Shatunovsky. – M.: Gnosis, 2011. – 512 p.
11. Merleau-Ponty M. Phenomenology of perception. – St. Petersburg: “Juventa” “Nauka”, 1999. – 122 p.
12. Ticher S., Meyer M., Wodak R., E. Vetter. Methods of text and discourse analysis / Translated from German. – H.: Publishing House of the Humanitarian Center, 2017. – 356 p.
13. Khodanovich VN Problems of ideology in the philosophy of the Frankfurt School // Modern problems and ways of their solution in science, production and education. – 2016. – No. 1 – S. 102-110.
14. Erickson E. Identity: youth and crisis: Per. from English / Common. ed. and foreword. Tolstykh A. V. – M .: Progress Publishing Group, 1996. – 344 p.
15. Benwell B., Stokoe E. Discourse and identity. Edinburgh, 2006. – 328 p.
16. Lafoff G. Don’t think of an elephant! Know your values and frame the debate. – Chelsea Green Publishing. – 124p.
17. Tajfel H., Turner J. The social identity theory of intergroup behavior // Psychology of Intergroup Relations / Ed. by S. Worchel, W. Austin. – Chicago, 1986. – P. 7-24.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
RAVOCHKIN Nikita Nikolaevich
Ph.D. in science philosophicals, associate professor, chief researcher of the Medical Systems Digital Anthropology Laboratory of the Siberian State Medical University
MODERN WORLD MULTITEMPORALITY: PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS
The article presents a philosophical analysis of the multitemporality of the modern world. The problem of time perception for intellectual search is represented. To reveal the stated goal, the author refers to the works of foreign classics and modern thinkers. The vectors of transformation of the perception of time to the current state of the world are established. In conclusion, a list of aspects is given, the disclosure of which forms modern multitemporality in a complex way.
Keywords: multitemporality, society, person, time, memory.
Work bibliographic list
1. Lorenz K. Out of time? Critical Reflections on Presentism by Francois Artoga // Logos. – 2021. – T. 31. No. 4. – S. 31-64
2. Marx K., Engels F. Works. T. 45. – M.: Politizdat, 1975. – 636 p.
3. Morfino V. To scratch the Marxist tradition against wool // Logos. – 2021. – T. 31. No. 4. – S. 137-170.
4. Rancière J. The concept of anachronism and the truth of the historian // Sociology of power. – 2016. – No. 2. – P. 203-223.
5. Rovelli K. Term of time. – M.: Corpus, 2020 [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://bookzip.ru/reader/4941/4/ (Accessed 07/07/2022)
6. Helge J. Mnozhes temporal time and stratigraphy of history // Logos. – 2021. – T. 31. No. 4. – S. 95-118.
7. Bloch E. Non-contemporaneity and Obligation to its Dialectic // Heritage of Our Times. – L.: Polity Press, 1991. – P. 104-116.
8 Collingwood R.G. The Idea of History. – Oxford: Clarendon press, 1951. – 339 p.
9. Foucault M. The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences. – L: Tavislock, 1970. – 386 p.
10. Koselleck R. Zeitschichten. Studien zur Historik. – Fr.a.M.: Suhrkamp, 2003. – P. 150-177
11. Pomian K. L’ordre du temps. P.: Gallimard, 1984. – 384 p.
12. Zerubavel E. Time Maps: Collective Memory and the Social Shape of the Past. – Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003. – 430 p.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
TIMOFEENKO Veronika Andreevna
Ph.D. in science philosophicals, associate professor of Economics and humanitarian and legal disciplines sub-faculty of the A. P. Chekhov Taganrog Institute (branch) of the Rostov State University of Economics (RINE)
SERDYUKOVA Yuliya Aleksandrovna
PhD in Law, associate professor, Head of Economics and humanitarian and legal disciplines sub-faculty of the A. P. Chekhov Taganrog Institute (branch) of the Rostov State University of Economics (RINE)
SAMOYLOVA Irina Nikolaevna
Ph.D. in science philosophicals, associate professor, Deputy Dean of the Faculty of Law of the A. S. Griboedov Moscow University
PHILOSOPHICAL AND SOCIAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE INSTITUTION OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY OF MINORS
In the presented article, the author considers the philosophical and legal modern features of the institution of criminal liability of minors, the legal nature, special norms for fixing the liability of minors in Russian criminal law at the present stage of development of jurisprudence. Under the conditions of system analysis, the state and development of juvenile delinquency in the regional aspect is determined. The study is of a practical nature and consists in the possibility of applying the highlighted results in the practical field of activity of teachers and law enforcement agencies.
Keywords: juvenile delinquent, analysis, responsibility, philosophy of law, society, transitive state.
Work bibliographic list
1. Code of Ethics and Official Conduct of the Faculty of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Rostov State Economic University (RINH). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://rsue.ru/prepodavatelyam/dokumenty/kodeks_etiki.pdf
2. Abdulaeva M.I. Theory of State and Law: A Textbook for Higher Educational Institutions // Ed. M.I. Abdulaev. M.: Magistr-Press, 2012.
3. Gorbatova M.K., Domnina A.V. Theoretical approaches to the content of professional legal consciousness // Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod University. N.I. Lobachevsky. 2013. No. 2 (1). S. 235.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
FROLOVA Irina Vasiljevna
Ph.D. in science philosophicals, professor of Russian history, historiography and source studies sub-faculty of the Institute of History and State Management of the Bashkir State University
FROLOV Konstantin Andreevich
postgraduate student of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
EMOTIONAL TURN IN MODERN LINGUISTICS: PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTION
The article analyzes the concept and phenomenon of emotional turn, which characterizes modern social and humanitarian science, from the position of social philosophy. Using the example of linguistics, the main characteristics of this process are considered, their cultural specificity and connection with communicative practices are emphasized.
Keywords: emotional turn, social and humanitarian science, modern linguistics, psychologization of knowledge.
Work bibliographic list
1. Alba-Juez L., Larina T.V. Language and emotions: a discursive-pragmatic approach // Vestnik RUDN University. Series: linguistics. – 2018. – No. 1. – P. 20.
2. Vezhbitskaya A. Comparison of cultures through vocabulary and pragmatics. – M.: Languages of Slavic culture, 2001.
3. Rozhkov A. Yu. “Emotional turn” in historical science: basic concepts and approaches // Voice of the past. Kuban historical journal. – 2014. – No. 3-4. – S. 101-106.
4. Simonova OA “Emotional turn” in sociology: the development of theory and individual research areas. (analytical review) // Social and humanitarian sciences. Domestic and foreign literature. Series 11: Sociology. Abstract journal. – 2016. – No. 3. – P. 105-130.
5. Larina Tatiana (2015). Culture-Specific Communicative Styles as a Framework for Interpreting Linguistic and Cultural Idiosyncrasies // In International Review of Pragmatics. – Vol. 7(5). Special Issue: Communicative Styles and Genres, P. 2015. – P. 195-215.
6. Schwarz-Friesel, Monika. language and emotion. The cognitive linguistic perspective. In Emotion in Language. U. Ludke (ed.). Amsterdam, John Benjamins. – P. 157-173.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
DIAROV Vitaliy Olegovich
competitor of Phil osophy and political sciences sub-faculty of the Faculty of Philosophy and Sociology of the Bashkir State University
ONTOLOGY OF EVOLUTIONARY EPISTEMOLOGY
Evolutionary epistemology is a naturalistic epistemology that emphasizes the role of natural selection and consists of two main functions. In the first function, selection creates and maintains the reliability of our sensory and cognitive mechanisms and the “correspondence” between them and the world. The second function recognizes trial and error learning and the development of scientific theories as a selection process. The most important aspects of epistemology, its essence, as well as ontology and epistemology are revealed and analyzed in this work.
Keywords: ontology, philosophy, evolution, determination, epistemology.
Work bibliographic list
1. Kasavin I. T. Constructivism: declared programs and unresolved problems // Epistemology and Philosophy of Science. – 2008. – No. 1. – P. 13.
2. Kudryashev A. F. Levels of being in Fichte’s philosophical doctrine // Fichte and the end of the twentieth century: “I” and “Not-I”. – Ufa, 2002. – 351 p.
3. Shnol S. E. Is there enough time for Darwinian evolution? // Nature. – 1990. – No. 11. – S. 23-26.
4. Kudrin B. I. Metaphysics of technology // Technocenosis as an existing being and the science of technical reality. – Abakan, 1998. – S. 12-15.
5. Dawkins R. The most grandiose show on Earth. Evidence for evolution. – M.: Astrel: CORPUS, 2012. – S. 10-13.
6. Scott M. Campbell and Paul W. Bruno The Science, Politics, and Ontology of Life-Philosophy. – London: Bloomsbury, 2013. – P. 224.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
SEREGIN Aleksey Anatoljevich
postgraduate student of Complex humanities (subject-subject relations) (graduate department) sub-faculty of the Russian State Social University; Editor of the main editorial office of information and analytical programs of NTV TV Company
THE EXISTENTIAL PHILOSOPHY OF SOLIDARITY AND CONFLICT
The article describes in detail the most important principles of existential philosophy, such as freedom, borderline experience, essence and existence, the reasons and conditions for the emergence of existentialism, shows the main errors and misconceptions in understanding and comprehending existential thought. The differences between religious and atheistic existential ideas are explained, the concepts of solidarity and conflict are interpreted within the framework of existential philosophy.
Keywords: existence, existential philosophy, conflict, solidarity, atheistic and religious existentialism.
Work bibliographic list
1. Adorno T. Negative dialectics. – M .: Publishing house “Scientific world”, 2003. – S. 534.
2. Bakhtin M. M. Author and hero in aesthetic activity. – M.: Art, 1979. – S. 7-180.
3. Kierkegaard S. Fear and Trembling. – Translation by N. V. Isaeva and S. A. Isaev. – M .: ʺRespublikaʺ, 1993. – S. 109.
4. Sartre Jean Paul. Man under siege. – Publishing house Vagrius, 2006. – P. 320.
5. Trofimova E. V. Existential-religious problems in the film hermeneutics of Lars von Trier // Culture and civilization. – 2021. – Volume 11. – No. 1A. pp. 93-105.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
ABRAROVA Zinira Foatovna
Ph.D. in science philosophicals, associate professor, Head of Social work sub-faculty of the Bashkir State University
Lukmanova Yuliya Shafkatovna
Ph.D. in science philosophicals, associate professor of Social work sub-faculty of the Bashkir State University
PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE STATE FAMILY POLICY IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FAMILY AND THE STATE
Unfortunately, the study of the problem of the modern family in Russian philosophy does not have an established theoretical tradition. At the same time, there is a sufficient number of scientific papers devoted to the demographic catastrophe and the disintegration of the family as a whole. Therefore, the clarification and analysis of the causes of these processes are undoubtedly relevant. The article demonstrates that the state needs to protect the institution of the family, thereby developing family policy. A lot depends on the development of family policy: 1) economic development of the state, 2) development of the gene pool of the nation, 3) formation of labor capital, reproduction of the population.
Keywords: family Philosophy, family, family policy, family relations, state, demographic policy.
Work bibliographic list.
1. Berdyaev N. The meaning of creativity // Family: a book for reading. Book. 2 / Comp. I.S. Andreeva, A.V. Gulyga. M., 1990. 2. Rozanov V.V. In a world of uncertainty and uncertainty. M., 1995.
3. Divorce in numbers: divorce statistics in Russia. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.planeta-zakona.ru/blog/razvod-v-tsifrakh-statistika-razvodov-v-rossii.html/
4. Adaeva A.R. Family policy in Russia: directions and actual problems of implementation // Actual research. 2021. No. 27 (54). pp. 17-19. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://apni.ru/article/2697-semejnaya-politika-v-rossii-napravleniya

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
SABEKIYA Raushana Beisenovna
Ph.D. in science philosophicals, professor of General h history and philosophical disciplines sub-faculty of the Sterlitamak branch of the Bashkir state University
ASKAROVA Gulnara Beisenovna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor of Psychological and pedagogical education sub-faculty of the Sterlitamak branch of Bashkir State University
SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION OF BEING AND GENDER SCENARIOS IN A GLOBALIZED WORLD
The article substantiates the evolutionary role of sexual dimorphism as a source of self-development of being alive. Proceeding from the thesis that it is sexual differentiation that provides the task of reproduction and self-preservation of the human race, the semantic connection of the ideology of gender democracy with the deconstruction of the values of morality, religion, family and marriage is asserted. It is proven that modern gender scenarios, divorced from biological sex, serve to implement the scenario of transhumanism and depopulation of the planet’s population.
Keywords: sex, gender, sexual dimorphism, gender scenario, gender democracy, transhumanism.
Work bibliographic list
1. Armen A.S. Deconstruction of gender identity and its reflection in the cultural space of postmodern society // Culture and Civilization (Donetsk). 2019. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/dekonstruktsiya-gendernoy-identichnosti-i-ee-otrazhenie-v-kulturnom-prostranstve-postmodernistskogo-obschestva (date of access: 09/10/2022).
2. Gladilina A.P. Androgynization and erasure of gender boundaries in modern society [Text] // Bulletin of the Kazakh-American Free University: scientific journal, 5th edition. Ust-Kamenogorsk, 2010. S. 113-117.
3. Kon I.S. Child and society: (Historical and ethnographic perspective) [Text]. M.: Nauka, 1988. 270 p.
4. Krymets L.V. Gender Aspects of Social Management in the Context of Educational Space [Text] // Bulletin of the Russian Philosophical Society. 2014. No. 1 (69). pp. 67-69.
5. Dictionary of gender terms // Ed. A.A. Denisova // Regional public organization “East-West: Women’s Innovation Projects” [Text] M.: Information XXI century, 2002. 256 p.
6. Bem, S.L. Theory and measurement of androgyny: A reply – to … critiques. Journal if Personality and Social Psychology. 1979, vol. 37. R. 1050.