EURASIAN LAW JOURNAL №11(198)2024

CONTENT OF NUMBER AND SUMMARIES OF ARTICLES

CONTENT OF NUMBERSUMMARIES OF ARTICLES

PERSONA GRATA
T. E. Rozhdestvenskaya:
Financial market: current issues of public law regulation
Interview with Tatyana Eduardovna Rozhdestvenskaya, Ph.D. in Law, professor, professor of Financial law sub-faculty of the O. E. Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), Honorary Worker of Education of the Russian Federation

INTERNATIONAL LAW
BALICHEVSKIY Dmitriy Nikolaevich
postgraduate student of International law sub-faculty, Diplomatic Academy of the MIA of Russia
CURRENT TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL REGIME FOR THE UTILIZATION OF SPACE RESOURCES
The article discusses the current trends in the formation of the international legal regime for the use of space resources. It is stated that the 1967 Outer Space Treaty remains a reliable principled basis for the future international regime of space resources, and the UN is a suitable platform for dialogue. The author believes that in the short term it would be most expedient for states to agree on the basic international legal principles for future activities in the field of space resources development and exploitation, which would lay a solid foundation for further harmonization of the international legal regulation system. Russia should also actively promote its national interests in the field of space resources on international platforms and by amending its national legislation. Moreover, it makes sense to strengthen co-operation on this issue with friendly states on integration platforms.
Keywords: space resources, in situ mining of space resources, national appropriation, UN Committee on Space, Legal Subcommittee, 1967 Outer Space Treaty, Artemis Accords.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Abashidze A. Kh., Chernykh I. A. Space resources in the focus of increased attention of humanity // Observer 2020. No. 11. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kosmicheskie-resursy-v-fokuse-povyshennogo-vnimaniya-chelovechestva (date of access: 10/25/2024).
2. Vylegzhanin A. N., Yuzbashyan M. R., Alekseev M. A. International legal prospects for the use of natural resources of the moon and other celestial bodies // GIAB. 2021. No. 3-1. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/mezhdunarodno-pravovye-perspektivy-ispolzovaniya-prirodnyh-resursov-luny-i-drugih-nebesnyh-tel (date of access: 10/25/2024).
3 . Kalinin E. P. Scientific review of projects for the study and development of mineral resources of the Moon and other natural celestial bodies // Bulletin of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2017. No. 2. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nauchnyy-obzor-proektov-po-izucheniyu-i-osvoeniyu-mineralno-syrievyh-resursov-luny-i-drugih-estestvennyh-nebesnyh-tel (date of access : 25.10.2024).
4. Kolosov Yu. M. Legal regime of natural resources of the Moon and other celestial bodies // International legal foundations of subsoil use // Responsible editor Vylegzhanin A. N. M .: NORMA, 2007.
5. Kirsanov A.K., Vokhmin S.A., Kurchin G.S., Volkov E.P. Mining in Space: A Review of Modern Research and Development // Mining Industry. 2024. No. 4. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://mining-media.ru/ru/article/newtech/18894-dobycha-poleznykh-iskopaemykh-v-kosmose-obzor-sovremennykh-issledovanij-i-razrabotok (date of access: 10/25/2024).
6. Lavrov S. V. The World at a Crossroads and the System of International Relations in the Future // Russia in Global Affairs. 2019. No. 5. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://globalaffairs.ru/articles/ mir-na-perepute-i-sistema-mezhdunarodnyh-otnoshenij-v-budushhem/ (date of access: 25.10.2024).
7. Extraction of space resources: assessment of the possibilities and prospects for resource extraction outside the Earth // Ed. I . N. Myslyaeva, M. R. Akhmedova. M: KURS, 2022. 192 p.
8. Tolstykh V. L. Reform of space law // Actual problems of Russian law. No. 5. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://aprp.msal.ru /jour/article/view/2719/1689 (date accessed: 25.10.2024).
9. Yuzbashyan M.R. International legal foundations for solving economic problems of space use: abstract of dis. … Cand. of Law . Moscow, 2009. 31 p.
10. Coffey S. Establishing a Legal Framework for Property Rights to Natural Resources in Outer Space // Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law. 2009. Vol. 41. P. 119-147.
11. Handbook of Space Law by Frans von der Dunk with Fabio Tronchetti (Ed.). Edward Elgar Publishing. 2015. 1136 p.
12. Gorove S. Limitations on the Principles of Freedom of Exploration and Use in Outer Space: Benefits and Interests // Proceedings of the Thirteenth Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space. 1971. P. 74-78.
13. Hobe S. Current and Future Development of International Space Law; Kopal V. Comments and Remarks / Proceedings of the United Nations / Brazil Workshop on Space Law: Disseminating and Developing International and National Space Law: The Latin America and Caribbean Perspective. UNITED NATIONS. New York. 2005. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.unoosa.org/pdf/publications/st_space_28E.pdf (accessed date: 10.25.2024).
14. Williams M. The Exploration and Use of Natural Resources in the Law of the Sea and the Law of Outer Space // Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Colloquium on the Law of Outer Space. 1988. P. 198.

INTERNATIONAL LAW
GOVERDOVSKAYA Tatyana Vladimirovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, Acting Head of State legal disciplines and international law sub-faculty, V. N. Tatishchev Astrakhan State University
KHURCHAK Nikolay Mikhaylovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, Vice-rector, Sakhalin State University, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
REALIZATION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF NON-INTERFERENCE IN THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF A SOVEREIGN STATE WHEN APPLYING A RESERVATION ON PUBLIC POLICY
The article deals with the issues of interpretation of the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of a sovereign state not only in international acts of various legal forces, but also in the decisions of the UN International Court of Justice. The attention of the authors is focused on the complexity of defining issues and problems related exclusively to the internal competence of sovereign states in the rapidly globalizing world. The authors pay special attention to the application of the public policy clause as a tool for the implementation of the principle of non-intervention. Despite the fact that traditionally the public policy clause is associated to a greater extent with private law, the authors draw attention to the practice of enshrining such an institution in international acts affecting the sphere of public law.
Keywords: principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of a sovereign state, public policy clause, international treaty, national interest, public interest.
Article bibliography
1. Goverdovskaya T. . V., Dakhina A. A., Trizno T. A. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation as a guarantor of legality, law and order and constitutional security in the country. [Text]. – Astrakhan: Sorokin R. V., 2024. – 160 p.
2. Shikhov V.A. Monroe Doctrine: content and formation of Principles [Text] // MNIZH. – 2017. – No. 12-2 (66). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/doktrina-monro-soderzhanie-i-formirovanie-printsipov (date of access: 07.22.2024).

INTERNATIONAL LAW
SMIRNOVA Maya Ivanovna
Ph.D.in pedagogical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of Humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines sub-faculty, Crimean branch, Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, Simferopol
THE RIGHTS OF THE DEAF AS SOCIO-CULTURAL MINORITY IN THE WORLD LEGAL SPACE
The article is devoted to the issues of granting rights to deaf citizens in obtaining equal opportunities for social and cultural inclusion. The main international normative and legal documents governing the implementation of the rights of people with hearing disabilities, the attitude towards the deaf as a socio-cultural minority are analyzed. The basic models of attitude towards the disabled in the world community are described. of deaf people as a cultural and linguistic group are characterized.
Keywords: deaf, people with hearing impairments, disabled person, socio-cultural minority, social and cultural development, equal rights, life activities, deaf culture, Sign Languages.
Article bibliography
1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (adopted at the third session of the UN General Assembly by resolution 217 A (III) of December 10, 1948). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://base.garant.ru/10135532/ (date of access: 09/16/2024).
2. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https ://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/conventions/pactecon.shtml (date of access: 18.09.2024).
3. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (New York, 16 December 1966) .). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://base.garant.ru/2540295/ (date of access: 09/18/2024).
4. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv /conventions/disability.shtml (date of access: 28.08.2023).
5. Korosteleva N. A. Social model of disability as a basis formation of a tolerant attitude towards disabled people // Bulletin of the Chelyabinsk State Pedagogical University. -2012. – No. 8. – P. 81-94.
6. Romanov P. V., Yarskaya-Smirnova E. R. Disability Policy: Social Citizenship of Disabled People in Contemporary Russia. – Saratov: Nauchnaya Kniga Publishing House, 2006. – 260 p.
7. Hall J., Tinklin T. Disabled Students and Higher Education / Translated from English// Journal of Social Policy Research. – 2004. – Vol. 2. No. 1. – P. 115-126.
8. FactsSheet. The social model of disability. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.inclusionlondon.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/FactSheets_TheSocialModel.pdf (date of access: 21.09.2024).
9. Declaration on the Rights of Persons Belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.un.org/ru/documents/decl_conv/declarations/minority_rights.shtml (date of access: 21.09.2024).
10. WFD position paper on the Complementary or diametrically opposed: Situating Deaf Communities within ‘disability’ vs ‘cultural and linguistic minority’ constructs. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https:// www.wfdeaf.org (date of access: 21.09.2024).
11. Convention on the Rights of the Child (New York, November 20, 1989). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://base.garant.ru/2540422/ (date of access: 30.09.2024).

INTERNATIONAL LAW
SYPCHENKO Alla Viktorovna
Ph.D. in historical sciences, professor of Professional disciplines sub-faculty, Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
CONTRIBUTION OF RUSSIAN RESEARCHERS TO THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AS A SCIENCE
The article is devoted to the analysis of the activities of Russian international scholars, identifying their contribution to the formation and development of the science of international law. The main stages of the genesis of international law are considered, the scientific works and ideas of Russian international scholars that comprise them are analyzed, and the fundamental provisions that formed the basis of international legal norms are highlighted. The topic under study is relevant both scientifically and politically, as it emphasizes the consistency of Russia’s activities in maintaining international peace and developing international law, which is extremely important in the context of international modern transformations.
The author summarizes the main provisions of the study and concludes that it was Russian international scholars who put forward fundamental ideas, concepts and doctrines that determined the formation of international law as a science and the vector of its development. At the same time, the enormous contribution of Russian researchers to the system of international law (F. F. Martens, N. M. Korkunov), to the development of the science of international law (V. E. Grabar), to the spatial theory of state territory (V. A. Nezabitovsky, M. N. Kapustin), to the international court (L. A. Kamarovsky), etc. is emphasized. It is shown that the contribution of domestic scientists to the formation and development of the science of international law is an integral part of the fundamental principles of international law and theoretical research, on the basis of which to this day not only problems of an international nature are studied, but also legal regulation is carried out at the international level.
Keywords: international law, science, genesis, Russian researchers, international scholars.
Article bibliographic list
1. Grabar V. E. Materials for the history of literature on international law in Russia (1647 – 1917) / Scientific ed., author of biographical essay and compiler of bibliographer. W. E. Butler; Responsible ed. and author of foreword. V. A. Tomsinov. – Moscow, 2005.
2. Gurvich G. D. Introduction to the general theory of international law. Lecture notes. Issue. 1. – Prague, 1923.
3. Zolotnitsky V. T. Abbreviation of natural law, selected from various authors for the benefit of Russian society by Vladimir Zolotnitsky. – St. Petersburg, 1764.
4. Kamarovsky L. A. On the international court. – M., 1881.
5. Kachenovsky D. I. Course of international law. – Kharkov, 1863.
6. Levashev P. A. On the primacy and chairmanship of European sovereigns and their ambassadors and ministers. – St. Petersburg, 1792.
7. Martens F. F. Modern international law of civilized peoples / Ed. L. N. Shestakov. Vol. 1, 2. – M., 1996.
8. International law. General part: Textbook / ed. R. M. Valeeva, G. I. Kurdyukova. – “Statut”, 2011.
9. Taube M. A. Eternal Peace or Eternal War? (Thoughts on the League of Nations). – Berlin, 1922.
10. Telesnin V. V. What is International Law. – M., 1914.
11. Shafirov P. P. Reasoning. What legal reasons did His Royal Majesty Peter the Great, Tsar and Sovereign of All the Russias… for starting the war against King Charles XII of Sweden in 1700… – M., 1717. – 128 p.

INTERNATIONAL LAW
TALIMONCHIK Valentina Petrovna
Ph.D. in Law, professor of International law sub-faculty, A. I. Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University
CONSIDERATION OF DISPUTES RELATED TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY BY THE WIPO CENTER FOR ARBITRATION AND MEDIATION
The purpose of the research undertaken in the article is to determine the most effective procedures of the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center for resolving disputes related to information technology. The research used methods of comparison, analysis, formal logical and problem-theoretical methods. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center considers disputes related to information and communication technologies and can potentially consider disputes related to information and communication systems, since it complies with all the requirements for resolving such disputes: the availability of expedited procedures; the involvement of experts and expert witnesses; confidentiality. The most effective procedures are expert determination and expedited arbitration.
Keywords: WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center, disputes related to information technology, UNCITRAL, mediation, arbitration, expedited arbitration, expert determination, domain name dispute resolution, expert, confidentiality.
Article bibliographic list
1. Agalarov V.K. Domain disputes: reasons, participants and methods of resolution // Trends in the development of science and education. – 2019. – № 53-2. – P. 20-22.
2. Belousov A. V. Domain disputes in Russia. Commentary on the Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation dated 11.11.2008 № 5560/08 // Bulletin of the Supreme Arbitration Court Russian Federation. 2009. No. 2. P. 145-155.
3. Vasilyeva D. A. WIPO Arbitration and Mediation Center: Interim Measures // Legal Problems of Scientific Progress. Materials of the meetings of the International School of Young Lawyers / Ed. V. . I. Lafitsky. – M.: ID “Jurisprudence”, 2010. – P. 140-144.
4. Golovatsky R. Jurisdiction of intellectual property disputes to international commercial arbitration // Corporate lawyer. – 2011. – No. 4 . – P. 61-64.
5. Danilenkov A. International domain disputes in the mirror of the Russian legal system // Business and Law. – 2013. – No. 3 (434). – P. 46-63.
6. Dorotenko D.A. Such different domain disputes. about compensation // Bulletin of Economic Justice of the Russian Federation. – 2019. – No. 10. – P. 192-206.
7 . Egorova M. Domain disputes: correct formulation of claims // Intellectual property. Copyright and related rights. – 2011. – No. 11. – P. 14-21.
8. Krobka N. N. WIPO activities to resolve disputes in the field of intellectual property // Scientific notes of the Crimean Federal University named after V. I. Vernadsky. Legal sciences. – 2020. – T. 6 (72). – No. 1. – P. 334-349.
9. Lavrentiev A., Nikitin K. Revised WIPO Rules // Corporate Lawyer. – 2014. – No. 10. – P. 63-64.
10. Razbegaev P. V. Domain disputes: problems of execution of court decisions // Copyright. Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Intellectual Property and the Russian Authors’ Society. – 2017. – No. 4. – P. 77-86.
11. Rozhkova M. A. , Afanasyev D. V. Domain disputes: selected aspects // Law in the Internet sphere. Collection of articles. Series. “Analysis of modern law” / Ed. M. A. Rozhkova. – M.: Publishing house “Statut”, – 2018. – P. 224-245.
12. Boog C., Menz J. Arbitrating IP Disputes: the 2014 WIPO Arbitration Rules // Journal of Arbitration Studies. – 2014. – Vol. 24. – Iss. 3. – P. 105-124.
13. Campbell D., Ban C., editors. Legal Issues in the Global Information Society. – New York: Oceana Publications Inc., 2005. – 758 p.
14. Chesterman S. We, the Robots?: Regulating Artificial Intelligence and the Limits of the Law. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. – 300 p.
15. De Castro I., Panagiotis C. The Operation of the World Intellectual Property Organization Arbitration and Mediation Center // Singapore Academy of Law Journal. – 2012. – No. 24. – P.1059-1081.
16. Kovac M. Judgment-Proof Robots and Artificial Intelligence A Comparative Law and Economics Approach. – London: Springer/Palgrave Macmillan, 2020. – 153 p.
17. Landolt P., Garcia A. Commentary on WIPO Arbitration Rules. – Geneva: WIPO. 2017. – 105 p.
18. Murray A. Information Technology Law: the law and society. – Oxford: Oxford university press. – 2010. – 596 p.
19. Rowland D., Macdonald E. Information technology law. 3rd ed. – Abingdon: Cavendish Publishing Ltd., 2005. – 573 p.

INTERNATIONAL LAW
BOGATYREVA Olga Vasiljevna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor of Humanitarian sciences sub-faculty, Moscow International University
DZYUBAN Valeriy Valerjevich
Ph.D. in historical sciences, Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor, professor of Humanitarian disciplines sub-faculty, Russian Customs Academy
ZAKOPYRIN Vladimir Nikolaevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Administrative and financial law sub-faculty, Academy of Law and Management of the FPS of Russia
MONGOLIA IN THE GEOPOLITICAL CONFRONTATION BETWEEN RUSSIA AND THE WEST: THE INTEGRATION ASPECT
In recent years, the world has witnessed the revival of the geopolitical confrontation between the United States and Russia/China, which is reflected in a new round of tension, designated as the “New Cold War”. Although this concept resembles the classic “Cold War” of the 20th century, it still has significant differences and is characterized by the absence of a unified ideology, but at the same time includes the struggle for influence in various spheres: for access to resources, markets, technologies, for control over key transport routes, for influence in international organizations and in regional conflicts. The “New Cold War” is also characterized by a multipolar world, where the United States is facing the increasing influence of China, which is striving to take the place of the main force in the Asia-Pacific region. The rise of China, based on its economic growth, turns it into the largest economic and military force in the world, provoking a redistribution of forces on the world stage, causing concern to the United States, which is accustomed to the role of a world leader The decline in U.S. influence caused by military and economic setbacks, including the setbacks in Afghanistan and the 2008 financial crisis, reinforces their desire to maintain hegemony. In this context, Russia plays a special role, which is trying to restore its influence in the post-Soviet space and consolidate its status as a great power.
Keywords: BRICS, China, Mongolia, Russia, Cold War.
Article bibliographic list
1. Bratersky M.V. Origins of the new Cold War: the main features of the systemic conflict of the 21st century // APE. – 2020. – No. 1. – P. 15-31.
2. Bredikhin A. V. Cultural cooperation on the path of Mongolia’s integration into the SCO // Issues of national and federal relations. – 2023. – V. 13. No. 6 (99). – P. 2633-2639.
3. Bredikhin A. V. Migration of Russians to Mongolia: historical and sociological aspect // Population. – 2024. – V. 27. No. 1. – P. 153-165.
4. Wang J. The Beginning and End of the Development of Taiwan’s Modern Democratic Protest Movement // Archont. – 2023. – No. 5 (38). – P. 99-103.
5. Demberel K. Mongolia in a Dilemma: SCO or “Silk Road” // Observer. – 2021. – No. 3 (374). – P. 108-115.
6. Ren H. Current state and prospects of economic interaction between Russia and China // Archon. – 2024. – No. 1 (40). – P. 86-91.
7. Rodionov V. A. “Soft power” of small countries: the experience of Mongolia // Bulletin of the KIGI RAS. – 2022. – No. 2. – P. 228-243.
8. Togusakov O. A., Baltabaev J. R. Eurasian integration // Arkhont. – 2024. – No. 3 (42). – pp. 19-26.

INTERNATIONAL LAW
GORDEEV Artem Alexandrovich
postgraduate student, Diplomatic Academy of the MFA of Russia
THE GENESIS OF THE IMPACT OF RESTRICTIVE MEASURES ON STATE COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF AGRICULTURE: THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ASPECT
The article considers the cooperation of states in the sphere of agriculture at the universal level in the conditions of sanctions and unilateral restrictive measures. The article substantiates the close connection of cooperation of states in the sphere of agriculture with ensuring food security. The author argues that unilateral restrictive measures cannot be identified with international legal sanctions and that they contradict the existing international law. The article traces that all types of restrictive measures, including international legal sanctions in the agricultural sphere often contradict the principle of proportionality (proportionality). The author concludes that the existing system of universal international legal regulation of cooperation between states in the field of agriculture and food security is ineffective and the Russian Federation is proposed to strengthen bilateral and regional cooperation with friendly states, in particular within the EAEU, SCO, BRICS.
Keywords: restrictive measures, international sanctions, unilateral restrictive measures, food security, state co-operation in the field of agriculture, principle of proportionality, FAO, UN Security Council.
Article bibliography
1. Vaypan G. V. The principle of proportionality in modern international law: diss. … candidate of legal sciences. – Moscow, 2017. – 436 p.
2. Vasilenko V. A. International legal sanctions. – Kyiv: Vishcha School, 1982. – 229 p.
3. Vlasov V. A.Development of organic agricultural production as one of the promising areas of food supply in the context of food sanctions: global and Russian experience // Epoch of Science. – 2017. – No. 12. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/razvitie-proizvodstva-organicheskoy-selskohozyaystvennoy-produktsii-kak-odno-iz-perspektivnyh-napravleniy-prodovolstvennogo (date of access: 15.10.2024).
4. Voynikov V. V. Anti-Russian sanctions (restrictive measures) of the EU: relationship with international law // Modern Europe. – 2022. – No. 6 (113). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/antirossiyskie-sanktsii-ogranichitelnye-mery-es-sootnoshenie-s-mezhdunarodnym-pravom (date of access: 15.10.2024).
5. Voronin B. A. Agrarian law of modern Russia: problems of interaction with international law // AON. – 2014. – No. 4. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/agrarnoe-pravo-sovremennoy-rossii-problemy-vzaimodeystviya-s-mezhdunarodnym-pravom (date of access: 15.10.2024).
6. Glotov V. I., Nemtsov Yu. I. Economic sanctions as an element of hybrid war // Financial studies. – 2019. – No. 1 (62). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ekonomicheskie-sanktsii-kak-element-gibridnoy-voyny (date of access: 15.10.2024).
7. Eremina A. E. Economic sanctions: concept, typology, features // Post-Soviet continent. – 2019. – No. 4 (24). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ekonomicheskie-sanktsii-ponyatie-tipologiya-osobennosti (date of access: 15.10.2024).
8. Kabanova E. E. Prospects of the Russian agricultural complex under sanctions // Economic development of Russia. – 2023. – No. 4. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/perspektivy-rossiyskogo-selskohozyaystvennogo-kompleksa-v-usloviyah-sanktsiy (date of access: 15.10.2024).
9. Kritsky K. V. Sanctions and unilateral restrictive measures in modern international law: dis. … Cand. of Law. Sciences. – Moscow, 2019. – 186 p.
10. Lavrov S. V. The World at a Crossroads and the System of International Relations in the Future // Russia in Global Affairs. – 2019. – No. 5. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://globalaffairs.ru/articles/mir-na-perepute-i-sistema-mezhdunarodnyh-otnoshenij-v-budushhem/ (date of access: 15.10.2024).
11. Lebedeva TS, Tropina DV International legal regulation of the sale of agricultural products // Agrarian and land law. – 2022. – No. 1 (205). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/mezhdunarodno-pravovoe-regulirovanie-realizatsii-selskohozyaystvennoy-produktsii (date of access: 15.10.2024).
12. Lebedev AA Sanctions – an instrument of economic warfare // Observer – Observer. – 2022. – No. 11-12. – P. 394-395. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sanktsii-instrument-ekonomicheskoy-voyny (date of access: 15.10.2024).
13. Panov F. Yu. International legal basis for the introduction of unilateral restrictive measures of the EU // Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law. – 2022. – No. 1. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/mezhdunarodno-pravovye-osnovy-vvedeniya-odnostoronnih-ogranichitelnyh-mer-es (date of access: 15.10.2024).
14. Petrenko E. G. Legal regulation and scientific approaches to the concept of “Sanction” // Scientific journal of KubSAU. – 2015. – No. 111. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/pravovoe-regulirovanie-i-nauchnye-podhody-k-ponyatiyu-sanktsiya (date of access: 15.10.2024).
15. Potemkina O. Yu. Restrictive measures adopted by the EU Council against Russia // European Union: facts and comments. – 2022. – Issue. 107. – P. 84-87. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/eufacts120228083.
16. Shugurov M. V. International legal regime for technology transfer for sustainable agriculture: content and program and strategic framework (the article was prepared within the framework of the scientific project No. 17-03-00400 supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research) // International Law. – 2017. – No. 4. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/mezhdunarodno-pravovoy-rezhim-peredachi-tehnologiy-v-tselyah-ustoychivogo-vedeniya-selskogo-hozyaystva-soderzhanie-i-programmno (date of access: 15.10.2024).
17. Pape R. A. Why Economic Sanctions Do Not Work // International Security. – Volume 22. – Issue 2 (Autumn 1997). – Рp. 90-136. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://web.stanford.edu/class/ips216/Readings/pape_97%20(jstor).pdf (date of access: 15.10.2024).

INTERNATIONAL LAW
KUTSUROV Odyssey Yurjevich
postgraduate student of International law sub-faculty, Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
BELOUSOVA Anastasiya Alexandrovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of International law sub-faculty, Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
CURRENT PROBLEMS OF ENSURING AND PROTECTING THE RIGHTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES TO LANDS, TERRITORIES AND RESOURCES
Indigenous peoples retain a strong spiritual connection with the territory of their traditional residence, so the effective exercise of the right to lands, territories and natural resources is of great importance to them.
At the universal level, the rights of indigenous peoples to own, use, develop or control lands, territories and resources are guaranteed and confirmed in a number of international legal documents, but, unfortunately, certain difficulties remain in the implementation of these rights in practice . This is due, among other things, to the fact that most of the provisions that enshrine the rights considered in this article are advisory in nature, which limits the means of protecting these rights when they are violated. But, despite this, attempts to protect them are being made at the regional level, in particular, by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights.
The article examines current issues of ensuring and protecting the rights of indigenous peoples to lands, territories and resources and concludes that the international community needs to continue cooperation in order to secure the rights of indigenous peoples to lands, territories and resources at the universal level, as well as to develop effective mechanisms for the protection of these rights.
Keywords: international law, human rights, land rights, indigenous peoples, collective rights.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Abashidze A. Kh. Inter-American system for the protection of human rights and the problem of protecting the rights of indigenous peoples // Moscow Journal of International Law. – 2004. – No. 1. – P. 55-75.
2. Alisievich E. S. Promotion and protection of the rights of vulnerable groups in international law [Text]: textbook. – M.: RUDN, 2012. – 431 p.
3. Ananidze F. R. International legal issues of protecting the rights of indigenous peoples: diss. … candidate of legal sciences: 12.00.10 – Moscow, 1996. – 190 p.
4. Babin B. . V. The right to development as a global law: international and national dimensions // International law. – 2013. – No. 2. – P. 67-84.
5. Volkova N. V. Protection of cultural rights of certain groups of the population: International legal aspects // Bulletin of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia. Series: Legal Sciences. – 2013. – No. 1. – P. 154-161.
6. Garipov R. Sh. Protection of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples within the Framework of the Inter-American System of Human Rights Protection // Electronic Supplement to the Russian Law Journal. – 2010. – No. 1. – P. 25-28.
7. Zhukova E. V. The right to traditional nature management of indigenous peoples as an object of legal regulation // Works of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences. – 2010. – No. . 5. – P. 153-163.
8. Kopylov M. N., Solntsev A. M. Environmental rights in the system of internationally recognized human rights // State and Law. – 2010. – No. 3. – P. 23-32.
9. Kryazhkov V. A. Indigenous Peoples of the North in Russian Law. – M.: Publishing House “Infra-M”, 2010. – 560 p.
10. International protection of human rights: textbook / A. Kh. Abashidze, A. I. Abdullin, E. S. Alisievich [et al.]; edited by A. Kh. Abashidze. – 2nd edition, revised and enlarged . – M.: RUDN, 2020. – 510 p.
11. International legal foundations for the protection of minorities and indigenous peoples: textbook / A. Kh. Abashidze, F. R. Ananidze, A. M. Solntsev. – M.: RUDN, 2015. – 572 p.
12. Nurmukhametova E. F. Environmental rights of peoples: concept, essence, types // Moscow journal of international law. – 2001. – No. 3. – P. 183- 198.
13. Parra Vera O., Tarre Moser P. Review of the case law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights for 2015 // International Justice. – 2016. – No. 2 (18). – P. 3-16.
14. Human Rights and the Challenges of the 21st Century / A. Kh. Abashidze, E. S. Alisievich, A. A. Belousova [et al.]. – 2nd edition, revised and supplemented. – M.: Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), 2020. – 412 p.
15. Anaya J. Indigenous peoples’ participatory rights in relation to decisions about natural resource extraction: the more fundamental issue of what rights indigenous peoples have in lands and resources // Ariz. J. Int’l & Comp. L. – 2005. – T. 22. – P. 7-17.
16. Anaya S. J., Grossman C. The case of Awas Tingni v. Nicaragua: a step in the International Law of Indigenous Peoples // Ariz. J. Int’l & Comp. L. – 2002. – T. 19. – P. 1-15.
17. Feiring B. Indigenous peoples’ rights to lands, territories and resources // International Land Coalition, Rome. – 2013. – T. 94. – P. 12-21.
18. Oloka-Onyango J. Heretical Reflections on the Right to Self-Determination: Prospects and Problems for a Democratic Global Future in the New Millennium // Am. U. Int’l L. Rev. – 1999. – T. 15. – P. 151-208.
19. Smis S., Cambou D., Ngende G. The Question of Land Grab in Africa and the Indigenous Peoples’ Right to Traditional Lands, Territories and Resources // Loy. LA Int’l & Comp. L.Rev. – 2012. – V. 35. – P. 493-534.

INTERNATIONAL LAW
MAMEDOVA Rubaba Ashraf
doctoral student, Baku State University
INTEGRATING ECHR JURISPRUDENCE AND INTERNATIONAL LEGAL INSTRUMENTS: A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO HUMAN TRAFFICKING PROTECTION
This article explores the integration of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) with international legal instruments, such as the Palermo Protocol and the Council of Europe Convention, to create a comprehensive framework for combating human trafficking. It emphasizes the importance of a multi-faceted approach that includes prevention, victim protection, prosecution, and international cooperation. The ECHR’s human rights protections are complemented by the specific anti-trafficking measures outlined in the Palermo Protocol and the Council of Europe Convention, which provide detailed strategies for reducing trafficking vulnerabilities, supporting victims, and enhancing cross-border cooperation. By synthesizing these legal instruments, states can develop more effective responses to human trafficking, ensuring a victim-centered approach and strengthening efforts to address the transnational nature of the crime.
Keywords: human trafficking, European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), Palermo Protocol, victim protection, international cooperation.
References
1. European Convention on Human Rights. Strasbourg, 1950. Article 3, 4.
2. European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). Rantsev v. Cyprus and Russia (2010), Application No. 25965/04. Strasbourg: European Court of Human Rights. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.echr.coe.int (accessed: 1 October 2024).
3. European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). Van der Mussele v. Belgium, Application No. 8919/80, Judgment of 23 November 1983, paras. 33-34.
4. GRETA. 4th General Report of the Group of Experts on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings (Council of Europe, 2019), 15-17. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://rm.coe.int/greta-2019-4-general-report/168098e62d (accessed: 2 November 2024).
5. International Labor Organization (ILO). 2014 Protocol to Convention No. 29 on Forced Labor. Geneva: International Labor Organization, 2014. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=1000:12100:0::NO::P12100_INSTRUMENT_ID:312174 (accessed: 12 November 2024).
6. United Nations. Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery, 1956. Accessed 3 November. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.ohchr.org.
7. United Nations. Slavery Convention, 1926. Treaty Series, Vol. 60, p. 254. Accessed 12 October 2024. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.ohchr.org.
8. United Nations. Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery, 1956. Accessed 12 November 2024. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.ohchr.org.
9. European Union. Directive 2011/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2011 on Preventing and Combating Trafficking in Human Beings and Protecting Its Victims. Official Journal of the European Union, L 101/1. Accessed 30 October. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://eur-lex.europa.eu.
10. European Commission. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee, and the Committee of the Regions on a New EU Strategy to Combat Human Trafficking. COM (2021) 171 final. Accessed 7 November. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://ec.europa.eu.
11. United Nations. Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime (UN Doc. A/55/383). United Nations. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treaties/CTOC/.
12. Council of Europe. Directive on Residence Permits for Third-Country Nationals Who Are Victims of Trafficking. 2004. Accessed 1 October. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.coe.int.
13. Council of Europe. Convention on Action Against Trafficking in Human Beings (CETS No. 197). 2005. Accessed 10 November. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/conventions/treaty/197.

INTERNATIONAL LAW
SCOBILEVA Irina Vyacheslavovna
student of the 4th course of the bachelor’s degree in the field of study 40.03.01 “Jurisprudence”, Law School, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok
MAKHONIN Danila Dmitrievich
student of the 4th course of the bachelor’s degree in the field of study 40.03.01 “Jurisprudence”, Law School, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok
USACHEV Alexander Sergeevich
magister student of the 1st course in the field of training M6124-40.04.01usdop “Legal support of the activities of public authorities and representation in court”, Law School, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS ON MUTUAL PROTECTION AND PROMOTION OF CAPITAL INVESTMENTS AS A KEY ELEMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS
The article considers international agreements on mutual protection and promotion of capital investments as an important mechanism contributing to the development of international economic relations. Particular attention is paid to the role of these agreements in creating a legal framework that protects the interests of foreign investors and contributes to the increase of foreign direct investment in recipient countries. The article presents normative and legal acts of the Russian Federation regulating the relations arising in connection with the implementation of investments on the basis of the agreement on the protection and promotion of capital investments. The influence of the geopolitical situation on the development of investment activity is also analyzed.
Keywords: international agreements on mutual protection and promotion of capital investments, international economic relations, world economy, investment activity, investment climate, capital investments, recipient countries, geopolitical situation, Special Military Operation (SMO).
Article bibliography
1. The 1985 Seoul Convention Establishing the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (ratified by Resolution Supreme Council of the Russian Federation of December 22, 1992 No. 4186-1). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1900505 (date of access: 06.09.2024).
2 . Washington Convention of 1965 on the Procedure for the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Foreign Persons. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1902243 (date of access: 20.09.2024).
3. Federal Law “On investment activities in the Russian Federation carried out in the form of capital investments” dated 25.02. 1999 No. 39-FZ.
4. Federal Law “On the Protection and Promotion of Capital Investments in the Russian Federation” dated 01.04.2020 No. 69-FZ.
5. Federal Law “On Foreign Investments in the Russian Federation” dated 09.07.1999 No. 160-FZ.
6. Resolution of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation of December 22, 1992 No. 4186-1 “On the ratification of the Convention on the Establishment of a Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency.”
7. Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 13, 1995 No. 1016 “On the Comprehensive program for stimulating domestic and foreign investment in the economy of the Russian Federation” (as amended on December 27, 1995).
8. Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation: List of agreements between the Government of the Russian Federation and governments of foreign states on the encouragement and mutual protection of capital investments. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.economy.gov.ru/material/departments/d11/investicionnye_soglasheniya/perechen_soglasheniy_mezhdu_pravitelstvom_rf_i_pravitelstvami_inostrannyh_gosudarstv_o_pooshchrenii_i_vzaimnoy_zashchite_kapitalovlozheniy/ (date of access: 06.09.2024).
9. Petrova G. V. International private law: a textbook for universities. – Moscow: Publishing house Yurait, 2024. – Pp. 174-185.
10. Shevchenko L. M. History of attracting foreign investment in the economy of the Russian Federation // Bulletin of TSU. – 2008. – No. 5 (61). – Pp. 44-49.
11. Makshantseva Yu. S. International methods of legal protection of foreign investments // Bulletin of OSU. – 2011. – No. 3 (122). – Pp. 78-82.
12. Tass.ru: article “PACE supported the use of frozen assets of the Russian Federation to help Ukraine” dated 16.04.2024. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://tass.ru/ekonomika/20565279 (date of access: 09/06/2024).
13. Tass.ru: article “Switzerland unblocked assets linked to Russia worth 290 million francs” dated 04/23/2024. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://tass.ru/ekonomika/20622719 (date of access: 10/01/2024).
14. SAKHALIN.KP.RU: article “An investor from China will invest 20 billion rubles in the development of production on Sakhalin” dated 09/12/2023. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.sakhalin.kp.ru/online/news/5448932/ (access date: 10/01/2024).

INTERNATIONAL LAW
TUZOV Nikolay Ivanovich
postgraduate student of the course International Legal Sciences full-time education, Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy
RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN INTERNATIONAL LAW
The scientific article is devoted to the analysis and review of the principles and trends of legal regulation of religious education in the international space. In the article, religious education is considered as a way to prevent radicalization and extremism as a result of spiritual improvement of society. Religious education is considered as one of the guarantees of the implementation of fundamental human rights and freedoms, as well as a way to develop international educational interaction between cultures, supporting dialogue, cooperation and development of humanitarian contacts. This scientific study includes the quintessence of elements of international development of education, offering an understanding of the complex, but mandatory spiritual and moral development of society.
Keywords: international education, religious education, legal regulation, international agreements, educational initiatives, spiritual and moral development.
Article bibliography
1. Kozyrin A. N. Religious education in the EAEU states: national and international levels of legal regulation // Yearbook of Russian educational legislation. – 2021. – No. 16. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://repository.rudn.ru/ru/records/article/record/91274/
2. Lukashuk I. I. International law. General part: textbook for students of law faculties and universities // Rus. acad. sciences, Institute of State and Law, Academician of Law University. 3rd ed. – 2005. – 432 p.
3. Mikheev R. I., Vladimirov D. A. The role of religion in preventing antisocial phenomena // Religion and Law. – 1999 – No. 2. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://lawlibrary.ru/article1047106.html?ysclid=m02s4ctb5l1936361265.
4. Metlik I. V. Spiritual and moral education and the formation of civic identity of students in a modern Russian school // Nizhny Novgorod education. – 2011. – No. 4. – P. 91-97. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/duhovno-nravstvennoe-vospitanie-i-formirovanie-grazhdanskoy-identichnosti-uchaschihsya-v-sovremennoy-rossiyskoy-shkole
5. Nikiforova A. A. International legal regulation of the right to education // E-Scio. – 2021. – No. 11 (62). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/mezhdunarodno-pravovoe-regulirovanie-prava-na-obrazovanie.
6. Pogasiy A.K. Lectures on legal religious studies: a tutorial // KFU. – 2021. – 304 p. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://kpfu.ru/staff_files/F_1360580320/LEKCII_PO_YuR._RELIGIOV.___dlya_el._biblioteki__1_pdf.
7. Ponkin I.V. Legal foundations of the secularity of the state and education. – M., 2003. – 416 p. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.state-religion.ru/files/laicite1.pdf.
8. Rakhimzhanova A.K., Ashkerbekova G.M., Kashavova Zh.Zh. Problems of moral and spiritual education: ways of their solution. Problems and prospects of development of education // VI International scientific conf. – 2015. – P. 13-15. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01008027712?ysclid=m02rf9p3pe122589566.

INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LAW
BUIVOL Elizaveta Andreevna
4th year undergraduate student, Faculty of Law, I. T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar
GLINSHIKOVA Tatyana Vadimovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of International, private and business law and entrepreneurial law sub-faculty, I. T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar
TKACHENKO Slavyana Dmitrievna
4th year undergraduate student, Faculty of Law, I. T. Trubilin Kuban State Agrarian University, Krasnodar
THE CONCEPT OF “LEGAL BIOTECHNOLOGY” IN INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LAW
International private law relations are characterized by a high degree of freedom, which is manifested in the ability of the parties to choose the applicable law and the jurisdictional body. The rules of Art. 1210 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, which establishes the choice of the applicable law, have certain features, as a result of which difficulties arise in contractual and judicial practice. Such an ambiguous issue is the ability to choose the applicable law to a part of the contract, which is called “legal biotechnology” in the doctrine. The problem lies in the absence of a definition of a part of the contract in the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, which significantly complicates the parties’ ability to implement in practice the provisions of paragraph 4 of Art. 1210 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. As a result, jurisdictional bodies are forced to ignore incorrect agreements of the parties and determine the applicable law on the basis of conflict of laws rules. This situation can be avoided by including a definition of a part of the contract in the law .
Keywords: conflict of laws rule, international contracts, competent legal order, legal biotechnology, international treaty.
Article bibliography
1. Rubanov A. A. Theoretical foundations of international interaction of national legal systems. – M.: Nauka, 1984. – P. 48.
2. Tolstykh V. L. International private law: conflict regulation. – SPb.: Legal Center-Press, 2004. – P. 68.
3. Glinshchikova T.V. Problems of determining the applicable law to an international factoring agreement // Humanitarian, socio-economic and social sciences. – 2015. – No. 4. – P. 135-137.
4. Decision of the ICAC at the RF CCI dated 16.06.1994 in case No. 57/1994 // Rosenberg M.G. International treaty and foreign law in the practice of the international commercial arbitration court. – M ., 2008. – P. 28-29.
5. Kanashevsky V. A. Foreign economic transactions: main regulators, their relationship and interaction: author’s abstract. diss. … doctor of legal sciences. – M., 2009. – P. 30.

INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LAW
ZAGNETIN Vladimir Nikolaevich
postgraduate student, St. Petersburg State University.
CROSS-BORDER INSOLVENCY: CONCEPT AND SPECIFICS
The term “cross-border insolvency” is analyzed and its advantages in comparison with the similar term (international insolvency) are pointed out. In terms of understanding the nature of cross-border insolvency it is concluded that its key characteristic is the complication by a foreign element, which makes it incorrect to understand cross-border insolvency as bankruptcy of transnational corporations or as bankruptcy proceedings. It is stated that since cross-border insolvency by its nature is an insolvency complicated by a foreign element, its presence may consist of: (1) the presence of foreign creditors, debtor, foreign participants/founders of the debtor (manifestation of the foreign element in the subject); (2) location of the debtor’s property in different jurisdictions (manifestation of a foreign element in the object); (3) initiation of insolvency proceedings against one debtor in two or more states (manifestation of a foreign element in the object) .
Keywords: cross-border bankruptcy, cross-border insolvency, UNCITRAL.
Article bibliography
1. Anufrieva L. P. International private Law: In 3 volumes. Volume 3. Cross-border bankruptcies. International commercial arbitration. International civil procedure: Textbook. – M.: BEK Publishing House, 2001.
2. Commercial (entrepreneurial) law: textbook. – 3rd ed., revised and enlarged. – M.: Norma. 2008.
3. Lidzhanova A. E. Cross-border insolvency (bankruptcy): problems of legal regulation // Startup. – 2015. – No. 4.
4. Mokhova E. V. Cross-border insolvency (bankruptcy) // Insolvency (bankruptcy): training course. V. 2 / Ed. by Karelina S. A. – M.: Statut, 2019.
5. Sobina L. Yu. Recognition of foreign bankruptcies in international private law. – M.: Statut, 2012.
6. Stepanov V. V. Problems of cross-border insolvency // Moscow Journal of International Law. – 1998. – No. 3.
7. Doetsch D. A. Hammer A. L. Observation on Cross -Border Insolvencies and Their Resolution in the NAFTA Region: Where Are We Now? // United States – Mexico Law Journal. – 2002. – № 10.

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW
DOVGAN Kseniya Evgenjevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, competitor, Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia; associate professor, Institute of Law, Altai State University, Barnaul
SUBJECT OF FRAMEWORK LEGAL REGULATION: CONCEPT AND CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES
The article analyzes the features of using the method of framework legal regulation. It is established that with the help of a set of legal norms, the volume of the content of the legal relationship changes, which affects the degree of certainty of the subject of legal regulation. The features of the concept, characteristics and technical and legal features of securing the subject of the framework legal regulation have been revealed.
Keywords: framework legal regulation, method of legal regulation, uncertainty, legal technique, rule -making.
Article bibliographic list
1. Alekseev S. S. Problems of the theory of law: a course of lectures: in 2 volumes. Volume 1. – Sverdlovsk, 1972. – 360 p.
2. Alekseev S. S. Collected Works. In 10 volumes. Volume 3: Problems of the Theory of Law: Lecture Course. – M.: Statut, 2010. – 781 p.
3. Bratus S. N. Subject and the system of Soviet civil law. – M.: Gosyurizdat, 1963. – 197 p.
4. Vlasenko N. A. Reasonableness and certainty in legal regulation. – M., 2014. – 154 p.
5. Vlasenko N. A. Categories « uncertainty” and “certainty” in the study of modern law // Legal science and practice: Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2017. – No. 1 (37). – P.8-15.
6. Dovgan K. E. Theory of framework legal regulation. – Moscow: Publishing House “Yurlitinform”, 2023. – 168 p.
7. Dovgan K. E. Transformation of the practice of developing framework legal regulation in the Russian Federation // Bulletin of Surgut State University. – 2022. – No. 3 (37). – P. 80-85.
8. Dovgan K. E. Polysemy in the mechanism of framework legal regulation // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2023. – No. 2 (177). – P. 66-67.
9 . Lazarev V. V. Definition of the sphere of legal regulation// News of higher educational institutions. Jurisprudence. – 1980. – No. 5. – P. 64-71.
10. Moskalkova T. N. CIS: history and prospects. – M.: Publication of the State Duma (electronic), 2021. – 179 p.
11. General Theory of Law and State: textbook / Ed. V. V. Lazarev. – M., 2001. – 520 p.
12. Cherdantsev A. F. Logical-linguistic phenomena in law, legal science and practice. – M., 2012. – 320 p.

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW
MATANTSEV Dmitriy Alexandrovich
Ph.D. in Law, Associate Professor of State law disciplines sub-faculty, Academy of Management of the MIA of Russia
TYPES AND SUBJECTS OF OFFICIAL INTERPRETATION OF LAW
The article is devoted to the study of the types of official interpretation of law and the definition of the range of subjects authorized to provide mandatory clarification of legal regulations. The author critically assesses the need for the existence of an authentic interpretation of law in the conceptual range of the theory of law, since in this case interpretative activity is mixed with norm-making. Along with the interpretation of law by higher courts, special attention is paid to the interpretative powers of various departments. Based on the analysis of the provisions defining the competence of the Ministry of Education and Science, the Ministry of Labor, the Federal Antimonopoly Service, the Federal Tax Service, the Federal Customs Service of Russia, a limited range of subjects of departmental official interpretation of law is noted.
Keywords: official interpretation of law, authentic interpretation, legal interpretation, delegated interpretation, clarification of law.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Bredikhin A.L., Protsenko E.D. Official interpretation of law in the Russian Federation // Bulletin of the Volga Institute of Management. – 2021. – Vol. 21. No. 5. – P. 13-20.
2. Egorov A. V. Changing the law as a form of its authentic interpretation // Law. – 2022. – No. 5. – P. 14 -36.
3. Korkunov N. M. Lectures on the General Theory of Law. – M.: Yurait, 2024. – 352 p.
4. Nersesyants V. S. General Theory of Law and State: textbook. – M.: Norma-INFRA-M, 2012. – 560 p.
5. General Theory of State and Law. Academic Course in Three Volumes. Volume 2. Law / Ed. M. N. Marchenko. 3rd ed., revised and enlarged – M.: Norma, 2007. – 816 p.
6. Draft federal law “On normative legal acts in the Russian Federation” (initiative bill). – M.: Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, 2013. – 70 p.
7. Radko T. N. Reader on the Theory of State and Law / Under the general editorship of I. I. Lizikova. 2nd ed. – M.: Prospect, 2009. – 720 p.
8. Fargiev I. A. Special law on the interpretation of law is the call of the times! // Justice. – 2020. – Vol. 2. No. 2. – P. 29-48.

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW
SALNIKOV Viktor Petrovich
Ph.D. in Law, professor, professor, St. Petersburg Military Order of Zhukov Institute of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Honorary Worker of Higher Professional Education of the Russian Federation
MASLENNIKOV Dmitriy Vladimirovich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, professor, professor, F. M. Dostoevsky Russian Christian Humanitarian Academy, St. Petersburg
PROKOFJEV Konstantin Georgievich
senior lecturer of General humanitarian disciplines and theory and history of state and law sub-faculty, Institute of Business Career, Moscow
SEMENOV Igor Vladimirovich
postgraduate student, F. M. Dostoevsky Russian Christian Humanitarian Academy, St. Petersburg
MORAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF EURASIANISM IN RUSSIAN RELIGIOUS PHILOSOPHY
The geopolitical, historiosophical, political and legal doctrine of the Eurasians has a clearly expressed religious and moral dimension, which is associated with its acceleration in Russian religious philosophy. This is especially significant in relation to the ideas of F. M. Dostoevsky, the complex of which is rightly characterized as pre-Eurasianism. Dostoevsky’s teaching on the historical destiny of Russia, consisting in its expression of the spiritual and moral meaning of being, is transformed in the ideology of the Eurasians into the doctrine of the “state of truth” and its legal foundations, developed by N. N. Alekseev on the principles of the phenomenological method.
Keywords: Eurasianism, state, law, morality, Dostoevsky, Danilevsky, Alekseev.
Article bibliography
1 . Avdeeva L. R. The Problem of “Russia and Europe” in the Views of N. Ya. Danilevsky and K. N. Leontiev // Bulletin of Moscow University. – Series 7: Philosophy. – 1982. – No. 3.
2. Alekseev N. N. The idea of the state. 2nd ed. / Ed. V. P. Salnikov, Yu.A. Sandulov. Series: Classics of the History and Philosophy of Law. – SPb.: Lan, 2001. (The World of Culture, History, Philosophy).
3. Alekseev N.N. Fundamentals of the Philosophy of Law / Ed. . V. P. Salnikov, Yu. A. Sandulov. Series: Classics of the History and Philosophy of Law. – St. Petersburg: Lan, 1999 (The World of Culture, History, Philosophy).
4. Alekseev N. N. On the Way to future Russia (The Soviet system and its political possibilities). – Paris, 1927. – 75, [5] p.
5. Bazhov S. I. Problems of culture and civilization of the philosophical and historical concept of N. Danilevsky // Social philosophy in Russia in the 19th century: Collection. – M.: Institute of Philosophy of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1985. – 134 p.
6. Bastrykin A. I., Ismagilov R. F., Salnikov V. P. The Idea of Good in the Works of F. M. Dostoevsky and Its Influence on development of the philosophy of law (on the 200th anniversary of F. M. Dostoevsky) / Introduction by Professor A. Alexandrov. 2nd edition, revised, supplemented; Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation. – St. Petersburg: University Foundation, 2023. – 456 p. . (Series: “Science and Society”).
7. Bastrykin A. I., Ismagilov R. F., Salnikov V. P. The creative legacy of F. M. Dostoevsky in modern European philosophy: the search for ways to overcome spiritual alienation human // Legal science: history and modernity. – 2020. – No. 6. – P. 170-177.
8. Bezobrazov V. P. Danilevsky and his “Russia and Europe” // Russian Bulletin. – 1872. – T. 101. No. 9.
9. Galaktionov A. A. Organic theory as a methodology of the sociological concept of N. Ya. Danilevsky // Russian sociology: Collection. – St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg University, 1993.
10. Danilevsky N. Ya. Russia and Europe / Composition. N. Sarkitova; comment. V. Klimanova, N. Sarkitova. – M.: TERRA – Book Club, 2008. – 704 p.
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17. Zakhartsev S. I., Maslennikov D. V., Salnikov V. P. Theoretical and Methodological Foundations of the Philosophy of Law of F. M. Dostoevsky as an Ideologist of “Pre-Eurasianism” // The Rule of Law: Theory and Practice. – 2019. – No. 2 (56). – P. 17-24.
18. Zakhartsev S. I., Salnikov V. P. A remarkable work about Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky has been published. Review of the book by Metropolitan Hilarion (Alfeyev) “The Gospel of Dostoevsky. – M .: Publishing House “Poznanie”, 2021. – 232 p. ” // Legal Science: History and Modernity. – 2021. – No. 8. – P. 177-193.
19. The Idea of Freedom. Law. Morality (Classical and Postclassical Philosophy of Law): Monograph / Ed. by Dr. of Law S. I. Zakhartsev; I. A. Ananskikh, I. N. Gribov, S. I. Zakhartsev, N. V. Zorina, I. R. Ismagilov, O. A. Klimenko, O. Yu. Lezhneva, S. F. Mazurin, B. V. Makov, D. V. Maslennikov, A. K. Mirzoev, P. A. Petrov, E. A. Polivko, K. G. Prokofiev, O. V. Pyleva, V. P. Salnikov, M. V. Salnikov, F. O. Chudin-Kurgan. – M .: Yurlitinform, 2020 .– 288 p.
20. Lesevitsky A. V. Eurasian concept of F. M. Dostoevsky // Society and Ethnopolitics: materials of the Seventh International scientific and practical Internet conference. Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Siberian Institute of Management / Under the scientific ed. L. V. Savinova. – Novosibirsk: Siberian Academy of Public Administration, 2015. – P. 284-291.
21. Lesevitsky A. V. F. M. Dostoevsky as a Predecessor of Eurasianism: Monograph. – Perm: OT i DO, 2013. – 156 p.
22. Maslennikov D. V., Mineeva T. G., Romanovskaya V. B., Salnikov V. P. Spiritual Consistory in the Contradiction of the Idea of God and the Idea of the State // Bulletin of St. Petersburg University; history. – 2022. – Vol. 67. No. 1. – P. 62-74. DOI 10.21638/11701/spbu02.2022.104.
23. Maslennikov D. V., Salnikov V. P., Berdnikov I. V. The Idea of God in the Works of F. M. Dostoevsky // The Idea of God and the Image of Theology in the Philosophical Discourses of Mature Modernism and Postmodernism. Bogatyrev D. K., Bogatyreva L. V., Bilchenko E. V., Gutorov V. A., Dokuchaev I. I., Maslennikov D. V., Nikonenko S. V., Pertsev A. V., Preobrazhenskaya K. V., Protopopov I. A., Salnikov V. P., Soloviev A. P., Berdnikov I. V., Khromtsova M. Yu. Collective monograph. Under the general editorship of D. V. Maslennikov. – SPb.: RHGA, 2023. – P. 220-259.
24. Novgorodtsev P. I. Introduction to the Philosophy of Law. The Crisis of Modern Legal Consciousness / Ed. V. P. Salnikov, Yu. A. Sandulov. Series: Classics of the History and Philosophy of Law. – SPb.: Lan, 2000. (The World of Culture, History and Philosophy).
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27. Seitov M. M. “Pre-Eurasianism” by F. M. Dostoevsky: Origins and Artistic Embodiment: Diss. … Cand. Philological Sciences. – Magnitogorsk, 2010. – 178 p.
28. Soloviev S. A. From Danilevsky to Spengler: Development of a Civilizational Approach to the Typology of States // The World of Politics and Sociology. – 2015. – No. 10. – P. 76-79.
29. Stepashin S. V. Priorities for Eurasian Integration and Ensuring Its Competitiveness // Intellectual Property Law. – 2020. – No. 4. – P. 7-9.
30. Sultanov K. V. Social philosophy of N. Ya. Danilevsky: conflict of interpretations. – SPb.: SPGTU, 2001. – 247 p.
31. Philosophical and legal knowledge: current problems. Monograph / Under the general editorship of V. P. Salnikov; Ananskikh I. A., Vinogradova E. V., Vikhrov A. A., Gutman M. Yu., Zakhartsev S. I., Zorina N. V., Ignatieva S. V., Ismagilov R. F., Kiyko A. Yu., Klimenko O. A., Krizhanovskaya G. N., Lysenkov S. G., Maslennikov D. V., Mirzoev A. K., Morozov A.I., Novozhilov S.A., Petrov P.A., Prokofiev K.G., Salnikov V.P., Salnikov M.V., Salnikov S.P., Starovoitova O.E., Tretyakov I.L., Utyuganov A.A., Khabibulin A.G. – St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Military Order of Zhukov Institute of Troops National Guard of the Russian Federation, University Foundation, 2022. – 417 p.
32. Frolova E. A. Moral philosophy of law by P. I. Novgorodtseva: Monograph. – M.: Prospekt, 2023. – 160 p.
33. Khabrieva T. Ya., Lukyanova V. Yu. Eurasian integration: features of dynamics // Business and power in Russia: regulatory environment and law enforcement practice / Shokhin A. N., Bashirov M. F., Borisov S. R., Vorobyov M. A., Galperin M. L., Efremenkov I. N., Zhigalov S. V., Ivanov A. A., Ivanov E. A., Ivanova V. S., Kalganova L. A., Kirillina V. N., Komshukova O. V., Kotelevskaya I. V., Ledyaev V. G., Leksin V. N., Lozhevsky I. A., Lukyanova V. Yu., Nazarov A. G. and others. – M.: Higher School of Economics, 2017. – Pp. 69-81. – in book 380, [1] p.: port., table.
34. Spengler O. The Decline of the Westernworld. Essays on the morphology of world history. In 2 volumes / Translated from German by I. I. Mikhalkova. – M.: Academic Project, 2009. – 648-764 p. – (Sociocultural technologies).

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW
SELIMOVA Anara Maratovna
Ph.D. in Law, lecturer, associate professor of Theory of state and law sub-faculty, North Caucasus Institute, All-Russian State University Of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Makhachkala
PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
This article examines the problem of legal regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of modern society, emphasizing that this topic remains relevant not only in the 21st century, but also throughout the history of technological development. The main idea of the article is that the lack of clear legal norms and definitions related to artificial intelligence poses a risk to the protection of human rights and security in the context of its integration into various spheres of life. , the article raises important questions about the need to develop a comprehensive legal regulation of artificial intelligence, which is a key condition for Thus its safe integration into everyday life and protection of citizens’ rights. Information technologies based on artificial intelligence radically change various processes in the life of society, they generally affect the way of life, the format of education and development of people. AI is an integral part of the modern information society. AI simplifies various types of labor-intensive, time-consuming long-term work, modernizes the most important areas and spheres of life.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, digital economy, technology, robotics, information society.
Article bibliography
1. Novikov F. A. Symbolic artificial intelligence: mathematical foundations of knowledge representation: a textbook for universities. – M .: Publishing house Yurait, 2020. – 279 p.
2. Strategy for the Development of the Information Society in the Russian Federation for 2017-2030: Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 9, 2017 No. 203 // SPS Consultant Plus (date of access: 10/12/2024).
3. Program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation”, approved. by Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 28, 2017 No. 1632-r (no longer in effect) // Official Internet Portal of Legal Information. http://www.pravo.gov.ru, 08/03/2017. (date of access: 10/12/2024).
4. National Strategy for the Development of AI for the Period up to 2030: Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 10.10.2019 No. 490. // SPS Consultant Plus (date of access: 10/12/2024).
5. Neznamov A., Naumov V. Draft Model Convention on Robotics and Artificial Intelligence. Rules for the Creation and Use of Robots and Artificial Intelligence. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://robopravo.ru/modielnaia_konvietsiia, 11/05/2021 (access date: 10/12/2024).

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW
SEKRETARYOV Roman Viktorovich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, associate professor of Civil law disciplines sub-faculty, Vladivostok State University
THE POLITICAL AND LEGAL ASPECT OF THE ACTIVITIES OF RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES
The article examines the legal status of religious organizations in the United States. It presents current research by foreign authors, as well as current judicial practice of the Supreme Court of the United States on disputes, the subject of which were certain aspects of state-confessional relations. The author comes to the conclusion that, despite the significant number of US citizens who adhere to Christian views, this has a very insignificant impact on the domestic and foreign policy of the United States.
Keywords: religious associations, freedom of science, freedom of religion, state-confessional relations, secularization, U.S. law, judicial precedent.
Article bibliography
1. Sekretarev R. V. The influence of the religious factor on the socio-political life of the USA: specialty 09.00.13 “Philosophical anthropology, philosophy of culture”: abstract of a dissertation for the degree of candidate of philosophical sciences. – Blagoveshchensk, 2007. – 22 p.
2. Quadagno, J., & Rohlinger, D. (2009). The religious factor in the U.S. Welfare state politics. In K. Van Kersbergen & P. Manow (Eds.), Religion, class coalitions and the welfare state (pp. 236–265). – New York: Cambridge University Press DOI:10.1017/CBO9780511626784.010. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291958976_The_religious_factor_in_US_Welfare_state_politics.
3. Jo Renee Formicola Recalibrating U.S. Catholic Church–State Relations: The Effects of Clerical Sexual Abuse // Journal of Church and State. – 2016. – Volume 58. – Issue 2.- P. 307-330. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcs/csu108.
4. Pavolini E., Béland D., & Jawad R. (2017). Mapping the relationship between religion and social policy // Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy. – No. 33(3). -R. 240-260. doi:10.1080/21699763.2017.1363801. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-international-and-comparative-social-policy/article/abs/mapping-the-relationship-between-religion-and-social- policy/718CD57B050F97B9B4CAE72801BE9B94.
5. Cremer T. (2021) Nations under God: How Church–State Relations Shape Christian Responses to Right-Wing Populism in Germany and the United States. Religions, 12, 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12040254 URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/12/4/254.
6. Yüksel Ü. & Büyükbaş H. (2023), Religious Freedom in The USA: Separation Between Church and State, Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 65, 67-72, doi: 10.18070/erciyesiibd.1213140. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode : https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/2806899.
7. Chemerinsky, Erwin (2021) “No, It Is Not a Christian Nation, and It Never Has Been and Should Not Be One” // Roger Williams University Law Review. – Vol. 26. – Iss. 2. – Article 5. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://docs.rwu.edu/rwu_LR/vol26/iss2/5.

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW
SELIVERSTOV Danila Mikhaylovich
student of the 2nd course, North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol
THE WILL OF THE LEGISLATOR THROUGH THE PRISM OF JUDICIAL PRACTICE
Analyzing judicial acts, one comes to understand that in different periods of time, in similar categories of cases, the decisions of judges may differ both in the descriptive and motivational part and in the operative part. This variety of judicial acts often indicates that the accents of the law enforcement officer are placed differently depending on the specific case and circumstances, with regard to the relationship between legal relations and relevant legal norms. The main task of a law enforcement officer is not only the correct interpretation of the law, but also its application, taking into account the changing socio-economic realities and needs of society. In this article, the author reveals the issue of legal certainty of the rule of law, considering its importance in ensuring stability and predictability of law enforcement practice. Codification of the most important definitions used by the legislator is an important step towards streamlining the legal system. Examples from the practical life of a law enforcement officer show that the absence of clearly defined legislative structures can lead to negative consequences: from difficulties in understanding and applying norms to creating legal gaps, which negatively affects the legal awareness of citizens and trust in the judicial system. The ambivalence of the established norms sometimes allows their arbitrary application, which in turn leads to legal uncertainty and a decrease in legal protection for citizens. Considering the above, the issue of the need to review and clarify legislative norms in order to achieve a higher level of legal clarity and predictability in judicial practice becomes particularly relevant. The relevance of the research presented in the publication lies in the fact that legal uncertainties and the vagueness of legislation create significant barriers to the realization of citizens’ rights. In conditions where the norms of the law can be interpreted in different ways, there is a risk of arbitrary application of the norms by law enforcement agencies. This, in turn, leads to legal insecurity and, as a result, to a decrease in the level of trust in justice. These legal gaps make it difficult to protect the rights and legitimate interests of citizens. Citizens often face situations when not only the law itself, but also the court as its law enforcer does not provide adequate legal protection of their obligations or rights.
The article touches not only on theoretical aspects, but also on practical examples illustrating how vagueness and uncertainty in laws can lead to different interpretations and, as a result, to contradictory court decisions. Thus, the law enforcement system needs constant analysis and improvement in order to ensure a more fair and objective administration of justice. From the theoretical and practical analysis of the scientific problem under consideration, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to develop a single normative act that could eliminate the formality of normative provisions at the stage of drafting laws, thereby increasing the level of legal construction and the quality of laws adopted.
Keywords: legal certainty, legal construction, rule of law, codification, definition, judicial practice, the law enforcement officer, limits of judicial discretion, subjective element in law enforcement, decision-making, lawful decision of the judge.
Article bibliography
1. Information “Constitutional and legal protection of entrepreneurship: current aspects (based on decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in 2018 – 2020)” (approved by the decision of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated 12/17/2020) // ConsultantPlus. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_374913/76d6e371c9956235c4b329710ca52f5fdf91f8c9/ (date of access: 11/12/2023).
2. Review of judicial practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation for the first quarter of 2012 // Official website of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.vsrf.ru/documents/practice/15107/ (date of access: 11/12/2023).
3. Report on the work of courts of general jurisdiction for the consideration of civil and administrative cases in appellate order from 2023. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.cdep.ru/index.php?id=79&item=7041 (date of access: May 2024).
4. Report on the work of courts of general jurisdiction in considering civil and administrative cases in the appellate procedure” from 2022. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.cdep.ru/index.php?id=79&item=7645 (date of access: May 2024).
5. Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of 27.05.2008 No. 8-P “On the case of verifying the constitutionality of the provision of part one of Article 188 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in connection with the complaint of citizen M.A. Aslamazyan” // ConsultantPlus. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_77402/?ysclid=lnyf4jag88253059963 (date of access: 11/12/2023).
6. Verdict of the Kanash District Court of the Chuvash Republic // Kanash District Court of the Chuvash Republic. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://kanashsky–chv.sudrf.ru/modules.phpname=sud_delo&srv_num=1&name_op=doc&number=13361691&delo_id=4&new=4&text_number=1
7. Draft Federal Law On Regulatory Legal Acts in the Russian Federation // Electronic Fund of Legal and Regulatory-Technical Documents. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/420243605?ysclid=lnwqskp7t719152986&section=text (date of access: 11/14/2023).
8. The prosecutor explains: Legality of requests from the police and other law enforcement agencies // Official website of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://epp.genproc.gov.ru/web/mmtp/activity/legal-education/explainitem=48650705 (date of access: 11/12/2023).
9. Decision of the Leninsky District Court of Stavropol // Judicial and regulatory acts. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://sudact.ru/regular/doc/Uzitu6Puxqds/
10. Sultanov A. R. Legal certainty in supervisory proceedings of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation and the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation // Law and Politics. 2007. No. 5. P. 30-39.

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW
AKHMEDZHANOVA Rezeda Rushanovna
postgraduate student of Theory of law and state sub-faculty, Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
PREVENTING HARM: THE INSTITUTION BETWEEN PROTECTION OF RIGHT AND SAFEGUARDING A RIGHT
Harm as any diminution or destruction of any good is a “cross-cutting” category for jurisprudence, and causing harm is the basis for the application of coercive measures. The author analyzes the institution of preventing the infliction of harm known to every branch of Russian legislation in the context of attributing it to measures of protection of rights or safeguarding rights. Consistently disclosing the differences between the protection of the right and the safeguarding the right, the author concludes that the existing concepts do not allow us to make an unambiguous conclusion about the belonging of the institution of prevention of harm to one of the categories.
Keywords: harm, legal liability, protection of right, safeguarding a right, risk of harm, preventive measures.
Article bibliography
1. Antonova E. A. Legal essence of prevention of harm // Proceedings of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences. – 2011. – No. 2. – P. 89-100.
2. Vedyakhin V. M., Shubina T. B. Protection of rights as a legal category // Theory of state and law. – 1998. – No. 1 (220). – P. 67-79.
3. Gavrilov E. P. Commentary on the Law on Copyright and Related Rights. – M., 1996. – 489 p.
4. Malein N. S. Protection of individual rights by Soviet legislation. – M., 1985. – 128 p.
5. Malinovsky A. A. Harm as a legal category // Jurist. – 2006. – No. 2. – P. 4-7.
6. Matuzov N. I. Legal system and personality. – Saratov, 1987. – 214 p.
7. Matuzov N. I., Malko A. V. Theory of state and law: textbook. – M.: Publishing housem “Delo” RANEPA, 2017. – 528 p.
8. Ostapyuk N. V. Concept and forms of protection of civil rights. Features of notarial protection of civil rights // Jurist. – 2006. – No. 5. – P. 20-23.
9. Tarkhov V. A. Civil law: General part: course of lectures. – Cheboksary, 1997. – 326 p.
10. Tarkhov V. A. Protection of property rights of workers under Soviet civil legislation: Abstract. dis. … doctor of legal sciences. – M., 1966. – 31 p.

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW
BALABKIN Dmitriy Alexeevich
magister student of the Higher School of Law and Forensic Technical Expertise of Humanitarian Institute, St. Petersburg Polytechnic University of Peter the Great
ABROSIMOV Ilya Sergeevich
magister student of the Higher School of Law and Forensic Technical Expertise of Humanitarian Institute, St. Petersburg Polytechnic University of Peter the Great
MARTINCHUK Nikita Alexandrovich
magister student of the Higher School of Law and Forensic Technical Expertise of Humanitarian Institute, St. Petersburg Polytechnic University of Peter the Great
LEGAL AWARENESS AS A FUNDAMENTAL FACTOR OF THE RULE OF LAW
The article discusses issues related to the place and role of legal awareness in the formation and development of the rule of law, as well as the relationship between legal culture and legal awareness. The authors conclude that in order for the new principles to develop a positive attitude towards the law, it is necessary to pay great attention to legal education as a source of the formation of the law on culture and legal consciousness. Proper legal education leads to the development of the state – citizens who understand their rights become more active in the budgetary plan.
Keywords: legal awareness, legal culture, education, consciousness, upbringing.
Article bibliography
1. Akimova T. I. Legal education as one of the factors in the formation of legal consciousness // Formation of personality through legal education: a collection of articles of the Interregional scientific and practical conference. – 2003. – P. 39-45.
2. Petrazhitsky L. I. Introduction to the study of law and morality. Fundamentals of emotional psychology [Text] / Prof. L. I. Petrazhitsky. – 3rd ed. – SPb.: Yu. N. Erlich, 1908.
3. Pochtar T. M. Legal education in pedagogical universities: questions of methodology and methods: dis. … candidate of legal sciences: 12.00.01. – M.: 2001.
4. Semitko A. P. Russian legal culture: mythological and socio-economic sources and prerequisites // State and law. – 1992. – No. 10. – P. 64-67.

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW
BUTYUGOV Georgiy Pavlovich
postgraduate student, Institute of Law, Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
THE RIGHT TO APPEAL IN THE SYSTEM OF INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS AS ONE OF THE WAYS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
The article considers a brief history of the emergence of the right to appeal, analyzes the relationship between the right to appeal to government agencies and the right to appeal to the court. The right to appeal has existed in the Russian state for a long time and originates from the institution of “petitioners”. The article examines the evolution of this institution from the 16th century to the 21st century. Among others, the author considers the question of the correlation of the right to appeal to state bodies with the right to appeal to the court (the right to judicial protection). Special attention is paid to the role of the right to appeal in ensuring citizens’ interaction with authorities and the ability to influence decision-making affecting their interests. The article is of interest to researchers in the field of constitutional law, human rights and civil society, as well as to anyone interested in the implementation of citizens’ rights and freedoms.
Keywords: the right to appeal, the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
Article bibliographic list
1. Zorkin V. D., Lazarev L. V. Commentary on the Constitution of the Russian Federation. – Moscow: Legal Publishing House Norma, 2013.
2. Documents of the History of the Great French Revolution. Vol. 1. Ed. A. V. Ado. – M.: Moscow University Publishing House, 1990.
3. Borisenko V. I., Chernysheva E. N. Independent federal bodies of state power of Russia // Social and humanitarian knowledge. – 2015. – No. 8.
4. Tretyakov I. A. The place of the constitutional right to appeal in the system of fundamental rights and freedoms of man and citizen // Jurist-Pravoved. – 2010. – No. 2 (39).
5. Khafizova A. I. The right of citizens to appeal. – Text: direct // Law: history, theory, practice: materials of the III Int. scientific conf. (St. Petersburg,July 2015).

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW
ERMOLAEV Oleg Igorevich
adjunct, Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, Legal Adviser of the Legal Department of the MIA of the Republic of Bashkortostan
CONDUCTING LEGAL EXPERTISE OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ACTS IN THE OFFICIAL ACTIVITIES OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF RUSSIA, AS A WAY TO PROTECT AGAINST INTERFERENCE IN THE INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Based on the results of the analysis of the powers vested in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, legal regulation aimed at preventing interference in the internal affairs of states, measures taken by the Russian Federation to counter interference in its internal affairs, the procedure for conducting a legal examination of international treaties in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is investigated, followed by establishing the relationship between this procedure and methods of protection against interference in internal affairs the affairs of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: legal expertise, interference in the internal affairs of the state, international legal act, international treaty, the state.

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW
KITAEV Alexander Alexandrovich
postgraduate student of Constitutional and administrative law sub-faculty, Faculty of Law, Perm State National Research University
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LEGAL CATEGORIES OF IMMUNITY, PRIVILEGE, AND BENEFIT IN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR FUNCTIONAL PURPOSE
When regulating issues of legal immunity of a parliamentarian, it is necessary to limit this institution to certain limits. The institution of parliamentary immunity should serve a specific purpose, namely, ensuring the activities of a member of the legislative (representative) body, and the scope of this institution should be relatively narrow in order to prevent the exception from turning into a rule that undermines the principle of equality of citizens before the law and the court.
Legal science studies various aspects of law and legal relations. In addition to the concept of “immunity”, it also considers other exceptions from the general status of an individual, such as “privilege” and “benefit”. These categories may seem similar, but they have their own characteristics and are applied in different situations. It is important to understand the difference between them in order to avoid confusion and misapplication of legal norms.
The importance of considering this issue is due to the fact that many legal scholars, speaking about parliamentary immunity, interpret it as a certain type of “privilege” or “benefits”. It seems that such an approach is incorrect for a number of reasons.
The article is devoted to disclosing the content of the concepts of immunity, privilege and benefit and analyzing their relationship with each other.
Keywords: legal categories, immunity, privileges, benefits, comparative analysis, functional purpose, theoretical and legal analysis, problems of interpretation, conceptual features.
Article bibliography
1. Ozhegov S. I., Shvedova N. Yu. Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language: 80,000 Words and Phraseological Expressions / Russian Academy of Sciences. Vinogradov Institute of the Russian Language. – 4th edition, supplemented. M .: OOO ” ELRIS Publishing House, 2003. 944 p.
2. Large explanatory dictionary of the Russian language / Ed. S. A. Kuznetsov. SPb.: Norint, 2003.
3. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia: [In 30 volumes] / Edited by A. M. Prokhorov. 3rd edition. Moscow: Sov. encyclopedia, 1969- 1978 @@ The Great Soviet Encyclopedia: Alphabetical Index of Names to the Third Edition. A-Z. Moscow: Sov. Encyclopedia, 1981.
4. Bestuzhev-Lada I. V. Power, Democracy, Privileges: Materials of the Round Table » // Questions of Philosophy. 1991. No. 7.
5. Baranov V. M. Incentive norms of Soviet socialist law / Ed.: Baitin M. I. Saratov: Saratov Publishing House. University, 1978. 147 p.
6. Malko A. V., Sumenkov S. Yu. Legal immunity: theoretical and practical aspects // Zhurn. rus. prava. 2002. No. 2. P. 16-23 .
7. Malko A. V., Morozova I. S. Privileges as a specific type of legal benefits // Jurisprudence. 1999. No. 4. P. 143-156
8. Malko A. V. Legal immunities / / Jurisprudence. 2000. No. 6.
9. Malko A. V. Privileges in law: general theoretical aspect // News of higher educational institutions. Jurisprudence. 1996. No. 1. P. 37-47.
10. Dahl A. I. Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language: selected articles / Joint ed. by V. I. Dahl and I. A. Baudouin de Courtenay; [scientific ed. L. V. Belovinsky]. – M.: OLMA Media Group, 2009.
11. Dictionary of foreign words. – 15th ed., corrected. M.: Russian language, 1988. 608 p.
12. Bondar N. S., Kapranova Yu. V. Constitutional dimensionand equality of citizens of the Russian Federation. Moscow, 2008. Pp. 16-19.
13. Sumenkov S. Yu. Privilege as a political and legal category // Law and Politics. 2002. No. 5.
14. May. Sir Thomas Erskine. Treatise on the Law. Privileges Proceedings and Usage of Parliament 16th edition. London, 1957.
15. Koen Muylle. “Rechten van de mens en parlementaire immuniteiten: toont Luxemburg de weg aan Straatsburg?”, in André REZSÖHAZY et Marc VAN DER HULST (dir.), Parlementair recht en grondrechten – Le droit parlementaire et les droits fondamentaux, Bruges, die Keure, 2010.
16. Shenkman M. L. Talking About Speech or Debate: Revisiting Legislative Immunity // Yale L. & Pol’y Rev. 2013. T. 32. P. 351.
17. Jousten A. Les immunités parlementaires: témoins d’un temps révolu? //Seminar of medical studies at the invitation of the CERCRID (Centre for critical research on the dollar), CNRS UMR 5137, from Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne. 2018.
18. Chetvernin V. A. Constitution of the Russian Federation. Problematic commentary. Moscow, 1997. Page 109.
19. Small encyclopedic dictionary. Vol. 2, Issue 4: Soil Hyssop. St. Petersburg: Brockhaus-Efron, 1909.
20. Ozhegov S. I. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language: about 100,000 words, terms and phraseological expressions / Ed. L. I. Skvortsov. 26th ed., corrected. and add. M.: Onyx [et al.], 2009.
21. Verdussen M. “Article 59”, in The Belgian Constitution: Laws and Entities: Essay (from the dir. of M. VERDUSSEN), op. cit., P. 174.
22. Watrice A., Bonbled N. The Belgian parliamentary immunity: analysis and resolution of the issue of irresponsibility and inviolability regulations. P. 165.
23. Agaev F. A., Galuzko F. A. Immunities in Russian criminal proceedings. M., 1998. P. 105.

THEORY OF STATE AND LAW
КUSHKHOVA Zayrat Anatolyevna
postgraduate student, Yessentuki Institute of Management, Business and Law, assistant judge of the Surgut City Court
LEGAL TECHNOLOGY AS A MEANS OF ACHIEVING LEGAL COOPERATION BETWEEN THE BRICS COUNTRIES
The international organization BRICS is becoming increasingly popular and attracts the attention of legal scholars around the world in the modern international political and economic sphere.
The article examines: the legal nature of a group of nine states – Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, the United Arab Emirates, Ethiopia, Egypt and Iran and trends in the development of international relations in the BRICS countries using legal techniques.
An analysis of the legal system of the BRICS allied countries is carried out and the issue of identifying the legal nature of interaction between the BRICS countries is considered.
The author proposes the creation of a working group to develop a unified approach to the unification of legislative and legal acts, which will ensure mutual legal assistance in cases (criminal, civil and family), and simplify the procedure for recognizing foreign judicial acts of the BRICS countries.
Keywords: legal technique, legal system, comparative legal analysis, BRICS countries, unification, judicial act.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Ignatov A. A. BRICS summit in Johannesburg: More New Mechanisms and Fewer Specific Decisions // RUDN Bulletin. Series: International Relations. – 2019. – No. 1. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sammit-briks-v-yohannesburge-bolshe-novyh-mehanizmov-i-menshe-konkretnyh-resheniy (date of access: 22.11.2024).
2. Alekseev S. S. General Theory of Law: textbook. – 2nd ed., revised. and additional – M .: TK “Velby”, 2008. – 576 p.
3. Vysotskaya A. M. The relationship between the Russian legal system and the Romano-Germanic legal family // Issues of Russian Justice. – 2023. – No. 24. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sootnoshenie-rossiyskoy-pravovoy-sistemy-i-romano-germanskoy-pravovoy-semi (date of access: 22.11.2024).
4. Cherdantsev A. F. Theory of State and Law. – M.: Yurait-M, 2002. – P. 410, 416-417.
5. Sabirov E. R. Unification of judicial acts as a condition for the unity of the judicial system // Management consulting. – 2012. – No. 3 (47). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/unifikatsiya-sudebnyh-aktov-kak-uslovie-edinstva-sudebnoy-sistemy (date of access: 22.11.2024).
6. Anufrieva L. P. BRICS: on the legal nature and principles of cooperation // Actual problems of Russian law. – 2019. – No. 12 (109). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/briks-o-pravovoy-prirode-i-printsipah-sotrudnichestva (date of access: 22.11.2024).

HISTORY OF THE STATE AND LAW
GNETOVA Lyudmila Valentinovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of General history, classical disciplines and law sub-faculty, K. Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University, associate professor of Economics and law sub-faculty, Pavlovsky branch, N. I. Lobachevsky Nizhny Novgorod National Research State University
GULYAEVA Tatyana Borisovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Civil and international law sub-faculty, Nizhny Novgorod Institute of Management, branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation
MERKUSHOVA Ekaterina Sergeevna
student, K. Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University
NOSKOVA Kseniya Sergeevna
student, K. Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University
THE CHARITY OF ILLEGITIMATE AND HOMELESS CHILDREN IN RUSSIA IN THE MIDDLE OF THE XVIII – EARLY XIX CENTURIES
The article discusses the main ways of caring for illegitimate and homeless children in Russia in the XVIII – XIX centuries. The authors analyze the peculiarities of the situation of illegitimate children in foster homes in various regions of Russia during the period under study. Numerous examples of the attitude of the church, the state and society towards such children are given. At the end of the study , categorical conclusions are drawn on the topic of the study.
Keywords: illegitimate, homeless, foundling, charity, foster homes, patronage.
Article bibliography
1. Puteren M. D. “On the methods of caring for illegitimate and homeless children in Russia and abroad” – St. Petersburg: Printing House of the House of Care for Minors and Homeless Children, 1893.
2. To care for and teach: how Peter the Great saved homeless children. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://nstarikov.ru/prizret-i-obuchit-kak-petr-velikij-besprizornikov-spasal-110447?ysclid=m2dnah2e7862927513.
3. Foundling homes of Catherine II. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://vuzlit.com/564259/vospitatelnye_doma_ekateriny?ysclid=m2dnij5ild53704103.
4. Without clan and tribe. How the first orphanages appeared in Russia. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://spb.aif.ru/society/education/bez_rodu_i_plemeni_kak_v_rossii_poyavilis_pervye_vospitatelnye_doma?ysclid=m2dnngoakj236329238.
5. Orphanage. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://dzen.ru/a /ZuO1CSZxhUjzxSJX?ysclid=m2dnt69ctl618276792.
6. Art. 544 and 545 of the Code of Laws Volume XIII Book 1 Institutions and statutes of the Orders of Public Welfare on institutions under its jurisdiction. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.consultant.ru/edu/student/download_books/book/svod_zakonov_rossijskoj_imperii_tom_xiii/?ysclid=m2fnpeglfw436004201.
7. Activities of public welfare orders. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https: //studme.org/386408/meditsina/deyatelnost_prikazov_obschestvennogo_prizreniya?ysclid=m2fnu7gyrl638615140.
8. Infant mortality and the history of maternal and child health care in Russia and the USSR. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.demoscope .ru/weekly/2010/0433/analit03.php.

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
ISHMUKHAMETOV Samat Rustamovich
postgraduate student of Theory of state and law sub-faculty, assistant of International and integration law sub-faculty, Institute of Law, Ufa University of Science and Technology
TO THE HISTORY OF THE FORMATION OF LEGAL BASIS FOR COUNTERING TERRORISM BY STATES
The article is devoted to the study of the process of formation of legal foundations for countering terrorism in the international arena, starting from the end of the XIX century and up to the middle of the XX century. The author focuses on the difficulties associated with attempts to develop a unified definition of terrorism that takes into account the diversity of political and legal contexts. Key stages in the development of international co-operation in the fight against terrorism, including the development of the first international agreements and legal instruments, as well as the participation of individual states in these processes, are examined. The study demonstrates a gradual shift from national measures to integrated international approaches, emphasizing the importance of collective efforts to effectively counter terrorism. Special attention is paid to analyze the problems of unification of legislative norms and challenges related to international cooperation in extradition and legal regulation of terrorism. In conclusion, the article emphasizes that despite the difficulties and contradictions, the concepts and norms developed have become the basis for further development of international counter-terrorism legislation.
Keywords: history, state, terrorism, cooperation, convention, extradition, League of Nations.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Gorbunov Yu. S. On the definition of the concepts of “Terror” and “Terrorism” // Journal of Russian Law. 2010. No. 2 (158). P. 31-40.
2. Gugasari E. S. Interstate cooperation in the field of countering terrorism: a retrospective aspect // Philosophy of Law. 2012. No. 6 (55). P. 38-42.
3. Dikaev S. U. Terror, terrorism and terrorist crimes. St. Petersburg, 2006. 448 p.
4. Karimov R. R., Karimova G. Yu. Formation of the concept of “international terrorism”: history and modernity // Legal state : Theory and Practice. 2011. No. 2 (24). P. 58-60.
5. Miletsky V. P. International terrorism: political and legal dimension of the theory and practice of counteraction // All-Russian Criminological Journal. 2017. No. 1. P. 180-189.
6. Nigmatullin R.V. On the history of the formation of the institution of extradition in Russian legislation // Russian investigator. 2005. No. 6. P. 59-62.
7. Nigmatullin R. V. Cooperation of States in Combating Crimes of an International Nature in the 20th Century and the Beginning of the 21st Century: (Historical and Legal Aspect). Moscow: Jurist, 2006. 335 p.
8. Sarkisyan M. A. Conceptual Vision of Crime international terrorism in the science of international law // Bulletin of RUDN. Series: Legal sciences. 2003. No. 1. P. 55-66.
9. Chernyadyeva N. A. Current state and trends in the development of international legal combat against terrorism: diss. … Doctor of Law. sciences: 12.00.10. Moscow, 2018. 540 p.
10. Khormach I. A. “International terrorism”, the League of Nations and the position of the USSR in 1934-1938 // Russian history. 2017. No. 1. P. 62-79.

HISTORY OF THE STATE AND LAW
Kurzenin E. B.
THE EVOLUTION OF BUSINESS TRUST IN ENGLAND AND THE USA IN THE 19TH-20TH CENTURIES (HISTORICAL AND LEGAL ANALYSIS)
The article examines the creation and features of the trust institution in England and the United States.Particular attention is paid to the influence of business trusts on the evolution of legal forms of business in England and America, which is underestimated in the legal literature. The author emphasizes the origin and evolution of business trusts and their features in comparison with other types of trusts common in the countries of the Anglo-Saxon legal family.
Keywords: trust, business trust, Anglo-Saxon legal family, American law, trust management.
Article bibliography
1. Davydov V. S. Trust and trust management as an institution for protecting business in modern Russia // Accounting and control. – 2020. – No. 1 (51). – P. 47-56.
2. Kondrashova Yu. A. History of trust – trust property // Bulletin of the Moscow State Linguistic University. – 2007. – No. 534. – P. 67-77.
3. Papushina E. I. Trust in Anglo-American and Continental Law // Scientific Works. Russian Academy of Law Sciences. Volume Issue 18. – M.: Limited Liability Company “Izdatelstvo” Yurist “, 2018. – P. 383-387.
4. Yasus M. V. Trust management and trust as legal methods of transferring property into management: diss. …Ph.D. legal Sci. – St. Petersburg, 2000. – 183 p.
5. Harris R. A new understanding of the history of limited liability: an invitation for theoretical reframing // Journal of Institutional Economics. – 2020. – No. 16 (5). – P. 643-664. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137420000181.
6. Harris R. Industrializing English Law: Entrepreneurship and Business Organization, 2000.
7. Margaret M. Blair, Locking in Capital: What Corporate Law Achieved for Business Organizers in the Nineteenth Century, 51 UCLA L. Rev. 387, 419 (2003).
8. Morley J. The common law corporation: the power of the trust in Anglo-American business history // Columbia Law Review. – 2016. – Vol. 116. – P. 2145-2197.

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
MONGUSH Aelita Mikhaylovna
assistant of Theory of Law and State, Institute of Law, Patrice Lumumba Peoples Friendship University of Russia
TUVAN ETHNOGENESIS: HISTORICAL AND ENCYCLOPEDIC ANALYSIS
The content of the work is a comprehensive analysis of Tuvan society, covering almost all aspects of Tuvan life. The author makes an attempt to find the source data where the self-name of tuvans could come from. The article examines the origin of the tuvan people. An analysis of the development of Tuvan statehood is given, as well as the factors that influenced this process. The author notes the independence and autonomy of Tuvan statehood, up to the entry into the subjects of the Russian Federation. A brief justification is given for the reasons for choosing the form of the protector and the connection of the Tuvan people with Russia. The author presents the works of domestic and foreign scientists: geographers, historians, ethnographers, who noted the special features of the culture and life of the Tuvans. The work briefly outlines the main aspects of Tuvan society such as religion, tuvan language, symbols.
Keywords: Tuva, tuvinians, tuvan people, yriankhians.
Article bibliography
1. Bicheldey K. A., Mongush B. B. State symbols of Tuva. Coat of arms, flag and anthem, banknotes and postal signs. Kyzyl, 2019. 5 p.
2. Bichurin N. Ya . (Iakinf) Collection of information about the peoples who lived in Central Asia in ancient times. T. I-III. M.-L., 1951-1953. P. 107.
3. Budugechi T. B. Artistic heritage of the Tuvans . M., 1995. 13 p.
4. Rodevich V. S. Essay on the Uryankhai Region (Mongolian Yenisei River Basin). St. Petersburg, 1910.
5. Potanin G. N. Essays on Northwestern Mongolia . St. Petersburg, 1881. 101 p.
6. Gumilev L. N. The Dinlin problem. Reconsideration of the hypothesis of G. E. Grumm-Grzhinmailo in light of new historical and archaeological materials. // Bulletin of the All-Union Geographical Society of the USSR. 1959 . T. 91. No. 1. P. 17-26.
7. Devlet N. A. Petroglyphs on the bottom of the Sayan Sea. M., 1998.
8. History of Tuva. T. 1. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 2001. 218 p.
9. Katanov N. F. Experience in studying the Uriankhai language with an indication of its main family relations to other languages of the Turkic family. Kazan, 1903. 52 p.
10. Malov S. E. Yenisei writing of the Turks. M.-L., 1952. 8 p.
11. Materials on the history of Russian-Mongolian relations. Russian-Mongolian relations. 1607-1636. Sat. documents. M.: Publishing House of Eastern Literature, 1959. pp. 196-199.
12. Palmbach A. A. On the classification features of territorial dialects of the Tuvan language. UZ TNIYALI, vol. 13. Kyzyl, 1968. 232 p.
13. Radlov V. V. Samples of folk literature of the Turkic tribes. T. 9. Dialects of the Uriankhai, Abakan Tatars and Karagas. St. Petersburg, 1907. 658 p.
14. Rashid ad-Din. Collection of Chronicles. History of the Mongols. Translated by I. N. Berezina, Vol. 1. Pp. 332-334, 339-344.
15. Rashid ad-Din. Collection of Chronicles. History of the Mongols . Trans. L. A. Khetagurova. M.-L., 1952. P. 156.
16. Shoigu S.K. Tuva depter. Uryankhai region: crossroads of opinions. M., 2007. 167 p.
17. Sat Sh. Ch. Formation and development of the Tuvan national literary language. G. Kyzyl, 1973. 20 p.
18. The Secret History of the Mongols. Trans. S. A . Kozina. M., 2002. P. 123.
19. Decree of Emperor Yinzhen Lifanyuan on the citizenship of the Uryankhs // Russian-Chinese relations in the 18th century. Materials and documents. T. 2. 1725-1727. M., 1990 . P. 285-286.
20. Usinsk region // Notes of the Krasnoyarsk subdivision of the VSORGO. 1914. Vol. II, issue 1. F. Kon. Coll. Works, Vol. III, ed. 2nd. M., 1936.
21. He Qiu-tao. Shuofan Beicheng. Chapter 5. On the Uriankhai Tribes. Beijing, 1877.

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
PAVLOV Oleg Vitaljevich
postgraduate student of Theory and history of state and law sub-faculty, Taganrog Institute of Management and Economics
INFLATIONARY WAVES. ANALYSIS OF THE EXPERIENCE OF ANCIENT ROME
The text examines the historical development of economic policy and the use of monetary instruments in Ancient Rome. Spoiling money, or, as it is often called, “sawing off”, was one of the key problems of money circulation in Ancient Rome. This phenomenon included a decrease in the content of precious metals in coins, which negatively affected their purchasing power. In this article, we will look at how the legal system of Ancient Rome tried to regulate the spoilage of money, how this process affected the economy and what measures were taken to maintain stability. The author emphasizes the importance of proper management of monetary policy to prevent economic crises and calls for the selection of a suitable ideology corresponding to the national mentality to achieve economic success in Russia.
Keywords: national currency, coin, denarius, Roman Empire, economic growth, USA.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Moiseev S. R. Inflation in economic history // Digest Finance. – 2004. – No. 2 (110). – P. 48-55.
2. Krasavina L. N. Monetary reform of 1992-1993 and inflation regulation in Russia: theoretical basis // Finance: theory and practice. – 2003. – No. 3. – P. 5-13
3 . Anikin A. V. Youth of Science. – M., 1985.
4. The Great Economic Dictionary / edited by A. N. Azriliyan. 7th ed., suppl. – M.: Institute of New Economics, 2000 .
5. Dmitrieva O., Ushakov D. Demand-pull inflation and cost-push inflation: causes of formation and forms of distribution // Questions of Economics. – 2011. – No. 3.
6. Ershov M. V. Monetary sphere and the economic crisis // Analytical Bulletin of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. – 2000. – № 13.
7. Zamulin O., Styrin K. How to distinguish between cause and effect? // Questions of Economics. – 2012. – № 1.
8. Marx K. Towards a Critique of Political Economy. – M.: State Publishing House of Political Literature, 1951.
9. Rubchenko M. Without loans, without roads, without medicine // Expert. – 2009. – No. 9 (468).
10. Sukharev A. N. . Exchange value of gold: paradoxes of historical patterns // Financial analytics: problems and solutions. – 2010. – No. 4 (28).
11. The figures are taken from the Telegram channel: [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://t.me/proeconomics.

HISTORY OF STATE AND LAW
STEPANENKO Alexey Sergeevich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, associate professor, Head of Humanitarian and socio-economic sciences sub-faculty, Director of the East Siberian branch, Russian State University of Justice, Irkutsk
HISTORICAL RETROSPECTIVE OF APPROACHES TO DEFINING THE RULE OF LAW
The article offers a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of the concept of the rule of law, from its insight to modern interpretations. The author examines various historical stages in the development of the idea of the rule of law, highlighting the key philosophical and legal approaches that shaped its understanding in different eras. Particular attention is paid to the influence of socio-economic and political factors on the transformation of the concept, as well as the role of outstanding thinkers and lawyers in its formation. The most important characteristics of the rule of law are identified, such as the rule of law, protection of human rights and freedoms, and the independence of the judiciary. The article also analyzes the modern practice of implementing the principles of the rule of law in various legal systems, identifying both universal and specific national features.
Keywords: rule of law, state building, theory of state and law, concepts of the origin of the state.
Article bibliography
1. Alekseev R . A. Evolution of the concept of the rule of law in the history of political and legal thought // Bulletin of MGOU. Series: History and political sciences. – 2023. – No. 2. – P. 83-88.
2. Baranov A. V. Theory of State and Law: textbook. – Tomsk, 2020. – P. 720.
3. Isaev I. A. Social Contract and Law // History of State and Law. – 2019. – No. 17. – P. 3-9.
4. Bashirina E. N., Urazova L. U., Abramov I. R. Economic ideology as a historical experience of the state // Discussion. – 2024. – № 6 (127). – P. 13-18. – DOI 10.46320/2077-7639-2024-6-127-13-18. – EDN XPYSFR.
5. Suslov Yu. E., Suslov E. Yu., Zhukov M. V. Sustainable Development Management: The Human Dimension // Human Progress. – 2024. – Vol. 10. No. 1. – P . 9. – DOI 10.34709/IM.1101.9. – EDN JLXNHX.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
MIZHAREVA Natalya Vladimirovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty, St. Petersburg Law Academy
TO THE ISSUE OF THE CONCEPT OF INTERACTION BETWEEN SUBJECTS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITY IN LAW-MAKING PRACTICE (PROCESS)
The scientific article highlights the legal problematic arising due to the absence at the federal level of the Russian Federation of a federal law ‘On State Legal Policy in the Russian Federation’ or a federal law ‘On State Policy in the Russian Federation’ containing general definitions in this sphere. At present, such changes would make it possible to improve Russia’s constitutional legal policy and resume lawmaking activities. At the moment, there is not even a draft of such a new law. The very concept of public authority is read in a completely new way.
The renewal of the regulatory framework of public authority in the Russian Federation in the early 2020s affect the interaction between representative bodies of municipalities and legislative bodies at the federal and regional levels. That is why the interaction of subjects of public authority in law-making practice (process) has received its further evolution. An increasingly prominent elite role in the regions-subjects is assigned to their Charters (basic laws).
The result of our analysis has shown that the implementation of any short-term, long-term and large-scale strategies is possible only if there is a common understanding of tasks and goals at the level of the state body and at the level of each particular subject. At present, one of the spheres of joint activities of legislative (representative) bodies of state power of the subjects of the Russian Federation and representative bodies of municipalities continues to be the regional lawmaking process.
In our opinion, at any of the stages of law-making practice (process) the determining factor is consensus in the concepts of all its participants. The article also provides a retrospective analysis of the study of this category.
Keywords: law-making practice (process), public policy, the Constitution of Russia, subjects of public authority.
Article bibliographic list
1. The Constitution of the Russian Federation (adopted by popular vote on 12.12.1993 with amendments approved during the all-Russian vote on 01.07.2020) // Constitution of the Russian Federation: official website. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.constitution.ru (date of access: 29.10.2024).
2. Federal Law of May 24, 1999 No. 99 – FZ “On the State Policy of the Russian Federation Regarding Compatriots Abroad” // SZ RF. − 31.05.1999. − No. 22. − Art. 2670.
3. Avakyan S. A. Ensuring Personal Security as a Task of Public Authority and Society // State Authority and Local Self-Government. − 2024. − No. 1. − P. 3-9 @@ Avakyan S. A. Constitutional Law of Russia: Study Course: Study Guide. In 2 volumes. Vol. 1 / S. A. Avakyan. 7th ed., revised. and add. − Moscow: Norma: INFRA-M, 2023. − 864 p.
4. Rules of the Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Karelia, approved. by Resolution of June 21, 2018 No. 734-VI ZS // SZ RK. − June 21, 2018. − No. 6. − Art. 1202.
5. Rules of the Legislative Assembly of the Zabaykalsky Krai, approved. by Resolution of September 22, 2010 No. 263. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.zaksobr-chita.ru (date of access: October 29, 2024).
6. Rules of the Perm City Duma, approved. its Decision of March 27, 2012 No. 50 “On Approval of the Regulations of the Perm City Duma”. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://docs.cntd.ru/document (date of access: 10/29/2024).
7. Regulations of the Council of Deputies of the city of Murmansk, approved. by the Decision of November 01, 2011 No. 41-554 // Vecherniy Murmansk. – 11/01/2011. – No. 211.
8. Murychev K. V. The system of representative authorities in the Russian Federation: Abstract of Cand. of Law. Sciences. − M., 2009. − P. 7.
9. Chernaya E. S. Mitrokhina T. M. Functionality of the regional parliament
in modern Russia // Power. − 2011. − No. 8. − P. 34.
10. Shcherbakova N. V. On the issue of the essence of representative power // Problems of popular representation in the Russian Federation: collection of articles / Ed. S. A. Avakyan. − M.: Publishing house of Moscow University − 1998. − P. 29-33.
11. Kuznetsova S. N. Representative body as a subject of local government // Territory of science. − 2016. − No. 3. – P. 167-173.
12. Law of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) // Il Tumen Publication. − 12/24/2004. − No. 51.
13. Kosmina I. A. Constitutional and legal foundations for the interaction of local government bodies and executive bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation: on the example of St. Petersburg: Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Law) Dissertation. − SPb., 2010. – 23 p.
14. Law of the Russian Federation on Amendment to the Constitution of the Russian Federation of March 14, 2020 No. 1-FKZ “On Improving the Regulation of Certain Issues of the Organization and Functioning of Public Authority” // SZ RF. − 03/16/2020. − No. 11. − Art. 1416.
15. Federal Law of December 21, 2021 “On General Principles of Organization of Public Authority in the Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation” // Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation. − December 27, 2021. − No. 52 (Part I). − Art. 8973.
16. Sergeeva O. Yu., Mizareva N. V. State regulation of the Russian
1. IT industry in the context of the digital economy // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2022. − No. 3 (166) − P. 479-480.
17. Rybakov O. Yu. Russian legal policy in the field of protection of individual rights and freedoms: theoretical issues: author’s abstract. dis. … doctor of law. sciences. – Saratov, 2005. – 366 p.

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
GAYNETDINOVA Gulnaz Semigullovna
Senior Lecturer, Public Law Sub-Faculty, Chuvash State University; postgraduate student, Cheboksary Cooperative Institute (branch) Russian University of Cooperation
COUNTERING THE INVOLVEMENT OF YOUNG PEOPLE IN TERRORIST ACTIVITIES IN RUSSIA AND CERTAIN FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Every terrorist attack is a tragedy. Terrorist acts have profound consequences that affect the entire society. Young people are increasingly involved in terrorist activities; Taking this fact into account, states are striving to develop effective methods to prevent or minimize them. The article analyzes approaches to countering the recruitment of youth into terrorist organizations in some Council of Europe countries. Summarizing the experience of some foreign countries, the author tries to propose modernizing the most effective methods of combating this phenomenon.
Keywords: terrorism, counter-terrorism, radicalization, youth recruitment.
Article bibliography
1. Concept of counteracting terrorism in the Russian Federation: concept of the President of the Russian Federation from 05.10.2009 // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. – No. 198. – 20.10.2009.
2. About the Strategy national security of the Russian Federation: Decree of the President of 02.07.2021 No. 400 // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. – 2021. – No. 27 (Part II). – Art. 5351.
3. Comprehensive plan to counter the ideology of terrorism in the Russian Federation for 2024–2028: approved by the President of the Russian Federation on December 30, 2023 // the document was not published.
4. Brief description of the state of crime in the Russian Federation of the ZVA January-August 2024 – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://xn--b1aew.xn--p1ai/reports/item/55225633/
5. On the commission of terrorist crimes by the Kyiv regime (Report of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://mid.ru/ru/foreign_policy/doklady/1969025/#2.%C2%A0%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C%20%D0 %A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B%20%D0%BA%20%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%8 0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D 0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%20%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%83%20%D0%B2%20%C2%AB%D0%9A% D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%20%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%20%D0%A5%D0% BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%C2%BB%20%D0%B2%20%C2%A0%D0%B3.%C2%A0%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5.
6. Chronicle of the meeting of the State Duma on February 21, 2024. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://api.duma.gov.ru/api/transcriptFull/2024-02-21.
7. Council of Europe Counter-Terrorism Strategy (2023-2027). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://search.coe.int/cm#{%22CoEIdentifier%22:[%220900001680a9ad67%22],%22sort%22:[%22CoEValidationDate%20Descending%22]}.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
BIRYUKOVA Evelina Robertovna
senior lecturer, Vladimir Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
THE PERSONNEL OF THE CIVIL SERVICE AS A CONDITION FOR ITS EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PENAL ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM): QUESTIONS OF THEORY
In the article, the author examines issues related to the personnel of the civil service (using the example of the penal enforcement system). He emphasizes that one of the conditions for the effective functioning of the civil service is a qualitatively selected staff. The personnel units of the penal enforcement system are responsible for the organization of certification of civil servants and professional development, professional retraining and advanced training of employees, and are also responsible for properly selected high-quality personnel. The effectiveness and efficiency of its activities will depend on the correct identification of a competent employee to perform specific functions.
Keywords: civil service, civil servant, personnel, personnel technologies, education, selection, employee, penal enforcement system, efficiency.
Article bibliography
1. Svirina A. V. Personnel technologies in personnel management of the civil service // Power. – 2011. – No. 7. – P. 122-125.
2. Cherepanov V. V. Fundamentals of the civil service and personnel policy. – M., 2006. – 166 p.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
BUTENKO Anna Konstantinovna
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, associate professor of Theory and history of law and state sub-faculty, Barnaul Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL REGIMES
The article is devoted to the analysis of the problems of legal regulation of special administrative and legal regimes. The difficulties of legal regulation of special administrative and legal regimes, noted by the author, are largely due to the lack of a single legally fixed definition, the blurring of the boundaries of special administrative and legal regimes, and their complexity. The positive influence of the theoretical development of the problem for solving practical tasks is noted, related to the legal regulation of the above-mentioned regimes. The article suggests effective ways to improve the mechanisms of legal regulation of special administrative and legal regimes.
Keywords: special administrative and legal regimes, legal regulation, public administration bodies, public safety, subjects of law, regime, restrictions, extraordinary circumstances, administrative and legal norms, administrative and legal relations, “situational legislation”, an integrated approach.
Article bibliographic list
1. Agabalaev M. I. Administrative-legal regime for ensuring public safety of the Russian Federation: monograph. – Moscow: RTA, 2012. – 190 p. – ISBN 978-5-9590-0344-9. – Text: electronic // Lan: electronic library system. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://e.lanbook.com/book/74118.
2. Bubnov S. V., Rastyapin Yu. V. Activities of internal affairs bodies to ensure special administrative-legal regimes // Criminological journal. – 2023. – No. 3. – P. 36-39.
3. Korotkikh A. G. Administrative-legal regulation of public safety: concept and features // Bulletin of the Voronezh State University. – 2012. – No. 2. – P. 275-290.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
DIBIROV Yusup Saibulaevich
senior lecturer of Administrative, financial and customs law sub-faculty, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala
ON THE QUESTION OF THE TYPES AND NATURE OF RELATIONS BETWEEN THE NORMS OF THE LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ON ADMINISTRATIVE OFFENSES
The article is devoted to the scientific study of the types, as well as the specifics of the relationships between the legal norms of administrative and tort legislation. The author reveals the features of intra-industry and inter-industry relations of administrative tort norms, namely hierarchical, coordination, subordination. The study touches on the links between the regulatory and conflict of laws norms on the one hand and with the norms of specific regulation on the other, revealing the fact that there is no administrative tort norm in the legislation on administrative offenses, which would establish the primacy between the general and special norm.
Keywords: administrative and tort legislation; hierarchical, coordination, subordination relations; regulatory, conflict of laws norms; norms of specific content.
Article bibliography
1. Alekseev S. N. Collisions in the implementation of conciliation procedures of the legislation on administrative offenses // Legal technique. – 2017. – No. 11. – P. 372-373.
2. Kargin K. V. Redundancy and defectiveness of notes in articles of the Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses // Journal of Russian Law. – 2019. – No. 2. – P. 106-116.
3. Kisin V. R., Khadisov G. Kh. Collisions of the sub-institute of administrative liability of vehicle owners // Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2020. – No. 6. – P. 247-252.
4. Makareiko N.V. Collisions of the Institute of Administrative Responsibility // Legal Technology. – 2017. – No. 11. – P. 492-497.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
DOROSINSKAYA Anna Mikhaylovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Administrative and financial law sub-faculty, Crimean branch, Russian State University of Justice, Simferopol
IVANOVA Olga Gennadjevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Administrative and financial law sub-faculty, Crimean branch, Russian State University of Justice, Simferopol
PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF ESTABLISHING THE STATUS OF A TRANSLATOR IN ENFORCEMENT PROCEEDINGS
The participation of other persons assisting in the execution of the requirements contained in the writ of execution, which includes the translator, undoubtedly affects the legality, timeliness, quality and compliance with reasonable time limits of enforcement proceedings. Clear legislative regulation of the status of the subjects of enforcement proceedings in question is necessary due to the huge number of appeals against enforcement actions and measures of compulsory execution due to the illegality of their production. Elimination of gaps in the current legislation would ensure the protection of the rights and freedoms of the participants in enforcement proceedings, both on the part of the claimant and the debtor, and on the part of the persons fulfilling the requirements contained in the writ of execution .
Keywords: enforcement proceedings, bailiff, translator, rights, duties, responsibility, enforcement actions, enforcement measures.
Article bibliography:
1 . Shcherbinina I. V., Aleksandrova E. M. Legal regulation of the activities of a court interpreter // Court Administrator. – 2021. – No. 2. – P. 21-24.
2. Borisov A. N. Commentary on the Federal Law from October 2, 2007 No. 229 Federal Law “On Enforcement Proceedings” (article by article). 3rd ed., revised and supplemented. – M.: Justitsinform, 2023. – 816 p.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
ZVYAGINA Alena Vladislavovna
senior researcher of the Department for the study of the problems of employment of convicts and economic problems of the functioning of the Penitentiary System of the Center for the Study of Problems of Management and organization of the execution of Sentences in the Penal System of the Federal Penitentiary Institution “Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service”
ANALYSIS OF ADMINISTRATIVE VIOLATIONS OF THE FOREST LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE HARVESTING OF WOOD
Based on the analysis of protocols on administrative responsibility, the article examines the main violations of the forestry legislation of the Russian Federation committed during timber harvesting (using the example of logging activities carried out by institutions of the penal system of the Russian Federation). The volumes of timber harvesting and sales of forest products by the relevant institutions of the penal system of the Russian Federation are given. The total number of violations of forestryThe legislation of the Russian Federation during timber harvesting was determined. The measures of administrative liability for relevant offenses are analyzed. A typology of violations of the established requirements of the forestry legislation of the Russian Federation during timber harvesting is proposed.
Keywords: administrative offenses, logging activities, forest legislation of the Russian Federation, penal system of the Russian Federation.
Article bibliographic list
1. Mutovin S. I., Pyzhev A. I. Economic efficiency of forestry activities of institutions of the penitentiary system of Russia // Journal of the Siberian Federal University. Series: Humanities. – 2021. – Vol. 14. No. 12. – P. 1933-1938.
2. Pavlova L. V. Legal aspects of forest management by institutions with special conditions of economic activity of the penal system // Man: crime and punishment. – 2015. – No. 3 (90). – P. 25-31.
3. Togushchakov V. V. Forestry complex of the penal system: reality and prospects // Crime and Punishment. – 2020. – No. 7. – P. 16-19.
4. Togushchakov V. V. Logging and reforestation carried out by correctional institutions of the forestry complex of the penal system of the Russian Federation // Bulletin of the criminal executive system. – 2022. – No. 10 (245). – P. 58-64.
5. Togushchakov V. V. Conducting reforestation work by institutions engaged in felling forest stands within the framework of the requirements of Article 62 of the Forest Code of the Russian Federation // Bulletin of the criminal executive system. – 2021. – No. 9 (232). – P. 75-78.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
ZYRYANOV Igor Valerjevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, professor of Administrative law and administrative activities of the department of internal affairs sub-faculty, Crimean branch, Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, Simferopol, colonel of police
BILOKON Viktor Petrovich
senior lecturer of Administrative law and administrative activities of the department of internal affairs sub-faculty, Crimean branch, Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, Simferopol, lieutenant colonel of police
KORENYUGIN Vitaliy Valerjevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Administrative law sub-faculty, Rostov Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
THE MAIN DIRECTIONS OF IMPROVEMENT OF INDIVIDUAL PREVENTIVE ACTIVITY OF DISTRICT POLICE OFFICERS
In the article, the authors consider the legal basis of individual preventive activities of district police officers. Individual preventive work of the UUP is one of the forms of preventive impact, however, the peculiarities of its law enforcement, practical and legal gaps significantly reduce the quality. The analysis of the peculiarities of the implementation of individual preventive work of the district police commissioner is carried out and the main directions for improving individual preventive management are proposed.
Keywords: local police commissioner, preventive conversation, legal propaganda, improvement of the legal framework, administrative area, individual preventive activities.
Article bibliography
1. Zabroda D. G. Classification of forms of service of district police commissioners // Scientific notes of the Crimean Federal University named after V. I. Vernadsky. Legal sciences. – 2021. – V. 7 (73). No. 4. – P. 130-135.
2. Interfax.ru – The head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation announced the dismissal of 5 thousand employees from the department in July. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.interfax.ru/russia/915654 (date of access: 09.09.2024).
3. KommersantЪ – The Ministry of Internal Affairs reported a shortage of 100 thousand employees, mainly in combat units. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/6267569 (date of access: 09.09.2024).
4. Chelpanova M. M. Interaction of the district police officer with other services and units of the Internal Affairs Directorate for the prevention of offenses // In the collection: Actual problems of the activities of the district police officer at the present stage. All-Russian scientific and practical conference: collection of scientific papers. – Moscow, 2022. – P. 133-141.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
KERAMOVA Saida Nazirovna
senior lecturer of Administrative and financial law sub-faculty, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala
YARAKHMEDOV Shamil Ruslanovich
magister student of the Department of Civil Law, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala
PROBLEMS OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF FOREIGN CITIZENS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF A STATE OF EMERGENCY AND MARTIAL LAW
The article examines the problems of the legal status of foreign citizens on the teterritory of Russia during a state of emergency and martial law, as well as its features. The limits of restrictions on the rights and freedoms of foreign citizens and stateless persons on the territory of Russia during a state of emergency and martial law are highlighted. The provisions of the federal laws “On the Legal Status of Foreign Citizens in the Russian Federation” dated July 25, 2002 No. 115-FZ and “On Martial Law” dated January 30, 2002 No. 1-FKZ are analyzed. A conclusion is made about the need to improve the stay of foreigners in Russia, including legislation in this area.
Keywords: rights and freedoms, legal status, compensation for damage, social guarantees, state of emergency, martial law, federal laws. international treaties, foreign citizens residing in Russia.
Article bibliographic list
1. Ambartsumov S. S. Problems of the legal status of foreign citizens and stateless persons in the Russian Federation // Young scientist. – 2022. – No. 11 (406). – P. 79-82.
2. Dolgushina M. A., Akopov L. V. Administrative and legal status of a foreign citizen on the territory of the Russian Federation // Economy and Society. – 2015 . – No. 6 (19). – P. 745-751.
3. Ziborov O. V., Kharlamov S. O. Peculiarities of the legal status of foreign citizens and stateless persons during the introduction of a state of emergency on the territory of the Russian Federation or in some of its localities // Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2019. – No. (6). – P. 17-21.
4. Kovalev V. V. Rights and obligations of a person and citizen in a state of emergency and martial law // Modern scientific thought. – 2013. – No. 3. – P. 123-128.
5. Sushchinskaya S. I. Comparative legal analysis of the administrative and legal status of a citizen of the Russian Federation and a foreign citizen on the territory of the Russian Federation // Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2014. – No. 4. – P. 130-134.
6. Shilov A. I. Restrictions on civil rights during the introduction of martial law on the territory of the Russian Federation or in its individual localities // Young scientist. – 2020. – No. 10 (300). – pp. 210-213.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
KULAKOV Nikolay Andreevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Administrative law sub-faculty, St. Petersburg University of the MIA of Russia
PAUK Natalya Nikolaevna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, Deputy Head of Administrative activities of internal affairs bodies sub-faculty, St. Petersburg University of the MIA of Russia
USMANOVA Diana Rafaelevna
Ph.D. in Law, lecturer of Administrative activities of internal affairs bodies sub-faculty, St. Petersburg University of the MIA of Russia
PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF AUTHORS OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES AS AN ELEMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE
The article discusses the problems of legal regulation in the field of science and scientific and technical activities. The authors substantiate that the legal nature of the results of scientific activity in the Russian legal field remains insufficiently defined. The regulation of a complex of relations related to the protection of those results of scientific activity that are simultaneously recognized as objects of intellectual rights is sufficiently developed. At the same time, not all the results of scientific activity are protected from the legislative point of view of intellectual property legislation. As a result of the study, the authors formulated legal and organizational proposals aimed at protecting the personal non-property rights of authors of scientific discoveries.
Keywords: science, scientific and technical activity, scientific discovery , intellectual property, personal non-property rights
Article bibliographic list
1. Murzin D. V. Problems of legal regulation of scientific activity as a creative activity // Russian Law Journal. – 2019. – No. 4. – P. 167.
2. Salitskaya E. A. Scientific discovery as an object of legal protection // Bulletin of civil law. – 2015. – No. 4. – P. 54.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
PETROVSKAYA Miroslava Ivanovna
Ph.D. in Law, senior lecturer of Constitutional and administrative law sub-faculty, North-West Institute of Management, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg
INTERNATIONAL LEGAL BASIS OF THE RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF A FORCED MIGRANT
The article examines the status of a forced migrant through the prism of basic international legal acts that enshrine fundamental rights and freedoms. Forced migration is considered as a complex socio-political phenomenon that requires a special administratorative and legal approach to regulation. According to the author, basic international legal acts are a guideline for legal regulation and implementation of state policy in the field of forced migration.
Keywords: forced migration, political asylum, refugee, temporary asylum, migration, human rights and freedoms, national security.
Article bibliography
1. Andreytso S. Yu. Problems of implementing migration policy in Russia: human rights, labor, forced illegal migration // Bulletin of the St. Petersburg Law Academy. – 2022. – No. 2 (55). – P. 69-72.
2. Egorova E. N., Gukepshev A. A. Legal regulation of forced migration in the post-Soviet space: problems and development prospects // Migration law. – 2023. – No. 2. – P. 17-20.
3. Petrovskaya M. I. The category of forced migration in Russian law and migration policy // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2020. – No. 12. – P. 132-133.
4. Petrovskaya M. I. The content of public administration in the field of forced migration in Russia: administrative and legal aspect // Jurist. – 2021. – No. 1. – P. 44-53.
5. Petrovskaya M. I. Administrative and legal regulation of public administration in the field of forced migration in the Russian Federation: dissertation … candidate of legal sciences. Lomonosov Moscow State University. – Moscow, 2024. – 233 p.
6. Rogulsky D. A. Cultural and ideological problems in the sphere of adaptation and integration of migrants // Migration law. – 2024. – No. 1. – P. 32-36.
7. Perrushu R. International migration law: glossary of terms // Geneva: International Organization for Migration (IOM). – 2005.
8. Khabibulin A. G., Mursalimov K. R. Prevention of migration crime: law-forming aspect // Migration law. – 2024. – No. 1. – P. 12-14.
9. Blair C., Grossman G., Weinstein J.M. Forced Displacement and Asylum Policy in the Developing World. April 5, 2021. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3565557; http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3565557.
10. Venables E., Whitehouse K., Spissu C. Roles and responsibilities of cultural mediators // Forced migration review. – 2021. – Is. 66. – P. 27.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
RUDENKO Artem Valerievich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, Head of Administrative and financial law sub-faculty, Crimean branch, Russian State University of Justice, Simferopol, Honored Lawyer of the Republic of Crimea
EVSIKOVA Elena Vitaljevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor, Head of Administrative and financial law sub-faculty, Crimean branch, Russian State University of Justice, Simferopol, Honored Lawyer of the Republic of Crimea
GASANOVA Tamilla Ilgarovna
student of the 5th course, Crimean branch, Russian State University of Justice, Simferopol
ADMINISTRATIVE RESPONSIBILITY OF NUDISTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA: THEORETICAL AND LEGAL RESEARCH
This article is devoted to the study of the question of the social, psychological and legal essence of such a phenomenon as “nudism”. The meaning and understanding of the category of “nudism” is investigated from the perspective of legal theorists, legislators and law enforcement officers, as well as issues and problems of law enforcement practice in the implementation of legal relations in the field of “nudism”. Based on the study of this problem, the authors came to the conclusion about the need for legislative regulation and consolidation of legal relations in the field of “nudism”. The article suggests the author’s position on solving the indicated problem
Keywords: administrative offenses, administrative responsibility, legal relations in the field of nudism, the Republic of Crimea.
Article bibliography
1. “Nudist beaches of Crimea: list and description of places”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://allbeaches.ru/nudistskie-plyazhi-kryma-spisok-i-opisanie-mest/ (date of access: 11.10.2024).
2. “Naturism – a healthy lifestyle for the whole family” // Naturist club “Healthy family”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://naturism.su/books/11-nudizm-pro-i-contra.html (date of access 10/12/2024).
3. “Who were the Adamites? The history of the nudist Christian sect” // Diary of history. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://diaryrh.ru/istoriya-hristianstva/kem-byli-adamity-istoriya-nudistskoj-hristianskoj-sekty (date of access: 10/12/2024).
5. “The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia: walking the streets naked is not an offense.” – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://legalpress.ru/view/1881 (date of access: 10/12/2024).
6. “In Russia, they proposed expanding the definition of petty hooliganism in the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. The appearance in a naked and semi-naked form is proposed to be interpreted”to be regarded as hooliganism.” [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://runews24.ru/society/06/09/2023/327db795098a061a694fb0f03afa4859 (date of access: 10/12/2024).
7. Pestov R. A. Problems of legal regulation of various aspects of administrative tort // Science. Thought: electronic periodical journal. – 2017. – V. 7. No. 3-1. – P. 86-92.
8. “Should nudists be banned from relaxing on public beaches?” [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://gorod24.online/crimea/news/299762-nujno_li_zapretit_nudistam_otdyihat_na_obschestvennyih_plyajah.html (date of access: 09/08/2023).
9. Law of the Republic of Crimea of June 25, 2015 No. 117-ZRK/2015 “On administrative offenses in the Republic of Crimea” // Bulletin of the State Council of the Republic of Crimea. – 2015. – No. 6. – Part 2.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
SAIDOV Farhad Zirofovich
Ph.D. in Law, student of the 2nd Faculty, Academy of Management of the MIA of Russia
HASAN Hasan Hunar Ameen
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Business management sub-faculty, College of Business, Charmo University, Republic of Iraq
SHAMRIN Maksim Yurjevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Administrative law and process sub-faculty, O. E. Kutaf-in Moscow State Law University (MSLA)
IMPROVING THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE OMBUDSMAN FOR CHILDREN’S RIGHTS IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC AND IRAQ
A comprehensive analysis has been conducted of the administrative and legal mech-anism for protecting minors’ rights in the Kyrgyz Republic and the Republic of Iraq. Leading international experience in this field has been examined. The necessity of legislatively establishing the status of a specialized Children’s Rights Ombudsman institution in the Kyrgyz Republic as a key element in the child rights protection system is substantiated. Special attention is paid to study the specific features of child rights protection mechanisms in Iraq, including the activities of state institutions and international organizations. Based on the analysis conducted, conceptual proposals have been formulated to improve the existing mechanisms for protecting children’s rights in the countries under consideration, taking into account modern challenges and international standards.
Keywords: children’s rights ombudsman, administrative and legal status, Kyrgyz Republic, Iraq, children’s rights, protection of minors’ rights, international standards, UNICEF, The Save the Children Fund.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Bogdanova N. A. System of science of constitutional law. – M.: Lawyer, 2001. – 254 p.
2. Large legal dictionary / Ed. A. Ya. Sukhareva, V. E. Krutskikh. – M .: INFRA-M Publishing House, 2004. – 587 p.
3. Voevodin L. D. The Contents of the Legal Status of an Individual in the Science of Soviet State Law // Soviet State and Law. – 1965. – No. 2. – P. 42-50.
4. Dotdaeva O. N. On the Concept and Structure of Constitutional-Legal Status // Works of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences. – 2013. – No. 2. – P. 25-39.
5. Korabelnikova Yu. L. Comparative Legal Analysis of the Status of the Ombudsman in Modern Democratic States // Law – a Phenomenon of Civilization and Culture / Ed. M. V. Nemytina. – M.: RUDN University Press, 2019. – P. 163-171.
6. Kolobova T. V. Administrative and legal status of the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Russian Federation in a constituent entity of the Russian Federation: author’s abstract. dis. … candidate of legal sciences. – Voronezh, 2021. – 26 p.
7. Matuzov N. I. Personality. Rights. Democracy. Theoretical problems of subjective right. – Saratov: Saratov Law University Press, 1972. – P. 189-205.
8. Reznik V. Forms of family relations and their reflection in legislation / Family law in Sweden // Svensk & Rysk Juridik AB, 2016. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.sweamarket.se/files/FamilySweden.pdf (date of access: 12/10/2023).
9. Reznik V. Review of legislation on children’s rights in Sweden // Svensk & Rysk Juridik AB, 2016. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.srjuridik.se/resources/barnratt.pdf (date of access: 12/10/2023).
10. Sungurov A. Yu. Ombudsman Institute: Evolution of Traditions and Modern Practice (Experience of Comparative Analysis). – St. Petersburg: Norma Publishing House, 2005. – P. 86-87.
11. Tim Whewell “Norway’s Barnevernet: They took our four children. then the ba-by” // BBC News. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-36026458 (date accessed: 10.12.2023).
12. Shamrin M. Yu. Improving the legislation on the status of the Commissioner for Children’s Rights: theoretical aspect // Bulletin of Tula State University. Economic and legal sciences. – 2013. – No. 3. – P. 225-233.
13. Shamrin M. Yu. Administrative and legal status of the Commissioner for Children’s Rights in Jamaica: historical- theoretical aspect // Administrative law and process. – 2019. – No. 5. – P. 69-74.
14. Shamrin M. Yu. Administrative and legal status of the children’s ombudsman in Russia // Administrative law and process. – 2020. – No. 7. – P. 76-79.
15. Shamrin M. Yu., Migacheva E. V. Institute of the Commissioner for Human Rights in the Russian Federation // Actual problems of Russian law. – 2022. – No. 1. – P. 41-48.
16. Shvets L. Danish child protection specialist: “The state interferes in family affairs if the child is ill” // The Village, January 13, 2015. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.the-village.ru/village/city/direct-speech/172391-spetsialist-po-zaschite-detey-danya-o-tom-u-kogo-i-kak-v-skandinavii-zabirayut-detey-i-kuda-detey-otpravlyayu (date of access: 12/10/2023).
17. Shchetinin B. V. Citizen and the socialist state // Soviet state and law. – 1975. – No. 2. – P. 4.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
TSELISHCHEV Anton Alexandrovich
lecturer of Theory and history of state and law sub-faculty, Mari State University, Yoshkar-Ola
ON THE ISSUE OF LEGALIZING PRIVATE MILITARY COMPANIES AS COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS EXERCISING CERTAIN STATE POWERS
In this article, the author concludes about the actual existence of private military companies and the lack of proper legal regulation in Russia. In this regard, attempts at appropriate legislative regulation are described, and the trend towards the need to legalize this area is noted, given its current relevance. The author makes an assumption about the reasons for the rejection of relevant bills when they are adopted, and proposes an original version of the simplified legalization of private military companies, which allows avoiding the adoption of a special law, while introducing private military companies into the legal field of Russia.
Keywords: private military company, government agency, government authority, delegation of authority, legal status, non-governmental organization, military services.
Article bibliography
1. Ovcharov A. V. Private military companies in Russia // Bulletin of the East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2018. – No. 3. – P. 84-93.
2. Korolkova E. E. On the concept of “private military and security companies” and the types of services they provide in armed conflicts // Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod University named after N. I. Lobachevsky. – 2018. – No. 2. – P. 141-145.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
SHCHEGLOVA Elena Valerievna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor, Dagestan State University, branch in Kizlyar
HUMAN RIGHTS POTENTIAL OF COMMISSIONS FOR JUVENILE AFFAIRS AND PROTECTION OF THEIR RIGHTS
This article examines the role and functions of juvenile commissions in the context of the protection of children’s rights. The author analyzes the human rights potential of these commissions, their ability to effectively respond to violations of the rights of minors and ensure their protection. Special attention is paid to the legislative framework governing the activities of the commissions, as well as the practical aspects of their work. The author also offers recommendations on strengthening the human rights function of the commissions, including improving interagency cooperation and professional development of specialists working in this field.
Keywords: administrative offenses, prevention, minors, executive authorities.
Article bibliography
1. Gorin M.A., Derevskova V.M. Problems of bringing to administrative responsibility under Part 1 of Art. 20.25 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation in connection with non-payment of fines under the decisions of the commission on minors and the protection of their rights // Collection of articles. Irkutsk Law Institute. – 2022. – Issue 13. – P. 49-55. – EDN OXDCHT.
2. Dzhakhieva E. G., Surkhaeva H. G. Features of the consideration of cases of administrative offenses committed by minors // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2021. – No. 10 (161). – P. 149-151. – EDN ZLIOPB.
3. Donich D. Yu. Commission on Minors and the Protection of Their Rights as a Subject of Prevention of Juvenile Legal // Modern Science. – 2020. – No. 8-1. – P. 133-136. – EDN YPCVFL.
4. Malakhova N. V. Some Features of the Consideration of Cases of Administrative Offenses Committed by Minors // Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2020. – No. 6. – P. 185-187. – DOI 10.24411/2073-0454-2020-10349.
5. Arslanbekova R. A., Abdulmutalimova Z. M., Marianov A. A. Commission on Juvenile Affairs as a Subject of Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency // Kazan Science. – 2014. – No. 11. – P. 162-164. – EDN TELOZL.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
BABAYAN Emma Karlenovna
postgraduate student of Administrative law and process sub-faculty, O. E. Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)
CONTROL BY ARBITRATION COURTS IN THE SPHERE OF ACTIVITIES OF EXECUTIVE AUTHORITIES AND THEIR OFFICIALS
This article examines the role of arbitration courts in controlling the activities of executive authorities and their officials in the field of administrative jurisdiction. The main focus is on the procedures for reviewing administrative-legal disputes in arbitration courts and their importance in maintaining constitutional norms and principles of the rule of law.
The article also provides an analysis of the specifics of arbitration control in the field of administrative activities, including a review of precedents and trends in resolving disputes between executive authorities and individuals/legal entities. Special attention is paid to the significance of arbitration court decisions and their impact on optimizing the work of executive authorities, taking into account the precedential value of sources of Russian administrative law.
The conclusion of the article outlines the prospects for the development of the arbitration court control system in the field of administrative-legal activities. Attention is given to the issues of improving legislation and judicial practice with the aim of increasing the efficiency of justice in this area. Potential directions for development are analyzed, and important aspects that should be considered when shaping further reforms in this field are identified.
This article will be useful for researchers, practitioners, and all interested parties who wish to deepen their knowledge and understanding in the field of arbitration court control over the administrative-legal activities of executive authorities and their officials.
Keywords: arbitration courts, executive authorities, activities of executive authorities, officials, administrative-legal activities, dispute resolution, control over activities, constitutional norms, precedents, legal enforcement, reforms, administrative jurisdiction.
Article bibliography
1. Shchepalov S. V., Zaitsev D. I. Administrative and judicial discretion in Russian science: problems of correlation // Bulletin of Tomsk State University. Law. 2022. No. 46. P. 107-118. doi: 10.17223/22253513/46/8
2. Anisiforova M. V., Mashugina E. V., Andreianov M. V. Theory and practice of using electronic evidence in proceedings on administrative offenses: monograph / Under the scientific editorship . A. P. Shergina. M.: INFRA-M, 2020. 119 p.
3. Gartina Yu. A. Arbitration manager in bankruptcy proceedings: theoretical and legal problems // Science. Society. State. 2022. No. 3 (39). P. 3-12.
4. Goleshchikhin V. S. Project of a new codification of administrative-tort legislation: problems of terminology, structuring defects and other shortcomings // Actual problems of Russian law. 2023. Vol. 18. No. 2 (147). P. 34-49.
5. Grudtsyna L. Yu. Digital Future of Law: On the Issue of Additive Technologies // Journal of Russian Law. 2021. No. 7. P. 5-14.
6. The Institute of Insolvency (Bankruptcy) in the Legal System of Russia and Foreign Countries: Theory and Practice of Law Enforcement: monograph / Ed. S. A. Karelina, I. V. Frolov. Moscow: Yustitsinform, 2020. 360 p.
7. Nikitin E. O., Lyutikova E. S. Independence of arbitration managers during insolvency (bankruptcy) procedures // Economic justice in the Russian Far East. 2021. No. 4 (23). P. 45-50.
8. Rogacheva O. S. Effectiveness of the norms of administrative-tort law: monograph. Voronezh: Publishing House of Voronezh State University, 2011. 356 p.
9. Sasykin K. Yu. Problems of the interest of arbitration managers in bankruptcy cases. Creditor’s View // Current Issues of State and Law. 2022. No. 3. P. 381-393.
10. Sokolov A. Yu., Lakaev O. A. A Critical Look at the Draft Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses and the Procedural Code Russian Federation on administrative offenses // Administrative law and process. 2020. No. 8. P. 44-51.
11. Tesis D. D. Mechanisms for ensuring the independence of an arbitration manager // Bulletin of arbitration practice. 2021. No. 6. P. 90-96.
12. Ulezko A. When an arbitration manager is recognized as an interested party: the view of the courts // Legal work in a credit institution. 2020. No. 1 (63). P. 53-57.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
KULAKOV Nikolay Andreevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Administrative law sub-faculty, St. Petersburg University of the MIA of Russia
TEMNIKOV Alexey Yuryevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate Professor of Administrative activities of internal affairs bodies sub-faculty, St. Petersburg University of the MIA of Russia
VINOGRADOVA Svetlana Lidievna
senior lecturer of Administrative activities of internal affairs bodies sub-faculty, St. Petersburg University of the MIA of Russia
SEPARATE AREAS FOR IMPROVING ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL REGULATION IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE
The article discusses the problems of administrative and legal regulation in the field of science and scientific and technical activities. As a result of the research conducted, the authors have formulated a number of directions for improving administrative and legal regulation in this area. In particular, the right direction for management reform is a multiple increase in the share of autonomous scientific laboratories among the direct recipients of budgetary funds allocated to support science. In addition, further more active implementation of the grant financing system for research activities is needed.
Keywords: science, scientific and technical activity, research institutes, grants, self-government.
Article bibliography
1. Arakelian K. E., Akulinin F. V., Zenin A. E., Kravtsova Yu. A. Problems of development of the grant system in Russia // Scientific works of the Free Economic Society Russia. – – 2011. – Vol. 149. – P. 97.
2. Blankov A. S., Toporkova M. K. On some problems of legal regulation of the organization and functioning of higher education // Administrative law and process. – 2020. – No. 2. – P. 68.
3. Rykova I. N. Approaches to determining the effectiveness of research activities in Russia // Research Financial Institute. Financial Journal. – 2013. – No. 3. – P. 73.

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
PETROVSKAYA Miroslava Ivanovna
Ph.D. in Law, senior lecturer of Constitutional and administrative law sub-faculty, North-West Institute of Management, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg
ON THE ISSUE OF BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FORCED MIGRATION
The article examines the basic conceptual characteristics of forced migration at the current stage of development of public law science and practice. Forced migration is considered as a special type of migration movement, characterized by a forced nature, under the influence of certain objective circumstances. The main approaches to the scientific study of forced migration are formulated.
Keywords: forced migration, refugee, forced migrant, voluntary migration, human rights.
Article bibliography
1. Andreytso S. Yu., Soboleva M. M. Directions for improving the protection of individual groups of foreign citizens: labor, forced, illegal migrants // Journal of Legal and Economic Research. – 2021. – No. 3. – P. 34-41.
2. Andreytso S. Yu. Problems of implementation of migration policy in Russia: human rights, labor, forced illegal migration // Bulletin of the St. Petersburg Law Academy. – 2022. – No. 2 (55). – P. 69-72 .
3. Andreytso S. Yu. On the issue of some aspects of protecting the rights of foreign citizens in Russia: problems of forced and illegal migration // Law. Right. State. – 2024. – No. 2 (42). – P. 58 -60.
4. Kvacakhia R. G. The concept of forced migration // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2018. – No. 1 (116). – P. 42-45.
5. Petrovskaya M. I. Institute refugee as an object of state administration in Russia: problems of administrative and legal regulation // Law and Politics. – 2023. – No. 11. – P. 69-80.
6. Petrovskaya M. I. Administrative and legal regulation of public administration in the field of forced migration in the Russian Federation: dissertation … candidate of legal sciences. Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov. – Moscow, 2024. – 233 p.
7. Petrovskaya M. I. Basic approaches to administrative and legal regulation of public administration in the field of forced migration in Russia // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2023. – No. 7. – P. 111-113.
8. Rogulsky D. A. Cultural and ideological problems in the sphere of adaptation and integration of migrants // Migration law. – 2024. – No. 1. – P. 32-36.
9. Perrush R. International migration law: glossary of terms. – Geneva: International Organization for Migration (IOM). – 2005.
10. Khabibulin A . G., Mursalimov K. R. Prevention of migration crime: law-forming aspect // Migration law. – 2024. – No. 1. – P. 12-14.

ARBITRATION PROCESS
NAZARALIEV Nariman Timurovich
master student of the 2nd course, master’s program “Problems of civil and arbitration procedural law”, Institute ofLaw, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala
THE ESSENCE AND LEGAL NATURE OF THE DECISION OF THE ARBITRATION COURT
The article examines the problems of the activities of the arbitration court in the administration of justice is to make a legal and reasoned decision, to transfer the case from controversial to indisputable. All activities in the administration of justice are aimed at making a judicial decision, which crowns all the activities of the court. The actions of the court, performed when initiating a case, preparing the case for consideration and the actual consideration of the case, are aimed at achieving this goal. The judicial decision contains a solution to all stated claims. In it, the court as a court exercises its powers, exercised on behalf of the state.
Keywords: arbitration process, features, legal nature, court decision, activity, court, problem, justice
Article bibliographic list
1. Avdeenko N. I. Mechanism and limits of regulatory impact of civil procedural law. – Leningrad: Publishing house of Leningrad University, 1969. – P. 50 .
2. The Great Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ed. by A. M. Prokhorov. – M., 1997
3. Civil Procedure of Russia / Ed. by M. A. Vikut, I. M. Zaitsev. – M., 1998. – P. 248.
4. Abramov S. N., Beldyugin V. N., Granberg V. G., Kleinman A. F., et al. Civil Procedure. Textbook / Ed.: Kleinman A. F. . – M.: Legal Publishing House of the People’s Commissariat of Justice of the USSR, 1940. – P. 215.
5. Efremova T. F. New Dictionary of the Russian Language. Explanatory and Word-Formation. – M.: Russian Language, 2000
6. Ivanov O. V. On the issue of the essence and content of a decision in a civil case // Problems of civil law and procedure. Works of the Irkutsk University. Legal series. – 1970. – Vol. 78. – Issue. 10. – Part 2. – P. 101.
7. Kleinman A. F. The latest trends in Soviet science of civil procedural law. – M., 1967.
8. Malyshev K. Course of civil proceedings: In 3 vol. T. I. – St. Petersburg, 1875. – P. 406. [Electronic resource]. – SPS “Consultant Plus” (date of access: 09/20/2024).
9. Ozhegov S. I. Explanatory Dictionary Russian language: about 100,000 words, terms and phraseological expressions / Ed. L. I. Skvortsov. 27th ed., corrected. – M.: Onyx, 2011. – P. 511.
10. Essays on civil procedural law: Experience of systematization of the RSFSR and USSR legislation on judicial system and civil proceedings / Prof. V. A. Krasnokutsky. – Kineshma: Iv. – Voznesensk . gubunciy p-nyh islands, 1924. – [4], 170, [2] p.
11. Reshetnikova I. V., Yarkov V. V. Civil Procedure: A Brief Course. -M., 2000. – P. 200.
12. Starikov A.K. Court decision in civil proceedings: theoretical and legal foundations // Scientific almanac. – 2016. – No. 4-1 (18). – P. 405-407 .
13. Abova T. E., Abrosimova E. B., Borovsky M. V., Bulakovsky S. V., et al. Judicial power. Scientific publication / Ed.: Petrukhin I. L. – M .: OOO “TK Velbi”, 2003. – 720 p. – P. 678. (author of this part of the paragraph – L. V. Tumanova).
14. Avdyukov M. G. Court decision. – M.: Gosyurizdat, 1959.
15. Zeider N. B. Court decision in a civil case. – M.: Legal Literature, 1966. – P. 30.
16. Chechot D. M. Court decision in Soviet civil proceedings – the most important act of socialist justice. Abstract of Cand. Dis. jurid. sciences. – L., 1953. – 10 p.
17. Levshin L. V. The essence and significance of a court decision in Soviet civil proceedings. Abstract of a PhD thesis. – M. , 1953. – 12 p. – P. 6.
18. Vas’kovsky E. V. Textbook of civil procedure / Ed., with preface: Tomsinov V. A. – M.: Zertsalo, 2003. – 464 p. .
19. Ushakov D. N. Large explanatory dictionary of the modern Russian language. – M.: Alta-Prin, 2005. – VIII. – P. 764.
20. Foinitsky I. Ya. Course of criminal proceedings: V. 2 v. T. I. – M., 1902. – P. 154. [Electronic resource].-SPS “Consultant Plus” (Accessed: 20.09.2024).
21. Chechina N. A. Legal norm and judicial decision // Russian yearbook of civil and arbitration process. 2002-2003. – St. Petersburg: Publishing House of St. Petersburg state. un-t. 2004. – № 2.
22. Chechina N. A. Court decision as an act of state power // Questions of the Soviet state and law. Scientific notes of Leningrad University. – L.: Leningrad Publishing House. University, 1954. – No. 182. – Issue. 5. – P. 149.
23. BuIow O. Gesetz und Richteramt S. – I., 1885. – S. 3-4.

MUNICIPAL LAW
ABULADZE Tea
master’s of legal studies, Sukhum State University
GENERAL TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA
The article examines the formation of municipal entities in the post-Soviet space from the early years of state independence, using Georgia as a case study. It also explores the uniqueness of certain municipal formations and the special statuses of some cities.
The issue of municipal structure in Georgia remains relevant and, to some extent, painful, as the country has not yet achieved a clear understanding of the model of local governance, despite more than 20 years of independence. In recent decades, Georgia has gone through difficult times both economically and politically. Each time there was a change in power, the legislation was altered. Initially, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Georgia aimed to adopt an Anglo-Saxon model of state organization, which necessitated periodic adjustments and improvements to the legislation.
Georgia is particularly interesting in its structure, especially in that the country operates under two constitutions: one is the Constitution of Georgia, and the other is the Constitution of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, which is an autonomous republic within Georgia. This situation is noteworthy, particularly considering that the area of Georgia is 69,700 km², while the Autonomous Republic of Adjara covers 2,899 km².
This article provides a detailed analysis of the development of the state structure and municipal entities in Georgia within the post -Soviet space.
Keywords: Charter, AAP, UNDP, EU.
Article bibliography
1. Evolution of public administration in the post-Soviet countries.
2. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://chaertemartvashi.ge/files/Local-Governance-Georgia-1994-2014.pdf
3. Chikhladze L. T. Formation and development of local government and local self-government in the Republic of Georgia.
4. Local Self-Government Code of Georgia dated 05.02.2024
5. Constitution of Georgia.
6. Law on the Procedure for Resolving Issues of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Republic of Georgia.
7. [Electronic resource] . – Access mode: https://matsne.gov.ge/ru/document/view/30346?publication=36
8. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://matsne.gov.ge/ ru

CIVIL LAW
BOYARSKAYA Yuliya Nikolaevna
Ph.D.in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Civil law sub-faculty, Saratov State Academy of Law
BALABANOV Andrey Arkadjevich
Ph.D. in agricultural sciences, Vice-Rector for integrated safety, associate professor of Pedagogy and valueology sub-faculty, North-Eastern State University, Magadan
ON THE ISSUE OF LEGAL REGULATION OF RELATIONS REGARDING THE USE OF UNMANNED VEHICLES
In the Russian Federation, the evolution of the functioning of the transport system is one of the priority areas of state policy. Trends in the world economy and law – digitalization, robotics, as well as the growing needs of international and local customers require an immediate response, namely, the development of the transportation market in the direction of creating new types of innovative and technological solutions, such as the introduction of unmanned vehicles into civil circulation. However, today there is a problem of improving existing, as well as the formation of new regulatory legal acts governing relations on the use of unmanned vehicles.
An analysis of domestic and foreign regulatory material and scientific literature has shown that the term ” “unmanned vehicle” (“pilotless aircraft”) is not applicable to regulating relations related to the production and use of such transport.
Keywords: unmanned vehicle, unmanned aircraft, autonomous vehicle, highly automated vehicle, fully automated vehicle.
Article bibliography
1. Ananyeva A. A. Provision of services for dispatch control of unmanned vehicles as a means of achieving a balance between the needs of digital transformation of the transport complex and consumer protection / / Russian justice. – 2022. – No. S1. – P. 46-56.
2. Boyarskaya Yu.N. Civil liability for damage caused by an unmanned vehicle // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2024. – No. 7 (194). – P. 163-165
3. Boyarskaya Yu. N. Unmanned air transportation: problems and features legal regulation // Jurist. – 2023. – No. 12. – P. 59-62.
4. Vavilin E. V. Unmanned vehicles: from terminology to new legal regimes // Business and law. – 2023. – No. 8 (559). – P. 3-21.
5. Vavilin E. V. Liability for damage caused by an unmanned vehicle // Business and Law. – 2023. – No. 10 (561). – P. 3–11.
6. Korolev A. S. Ryazanov D. V. Modern approaches to understanding the concept of autonomy of technical systems // International Journal of Open Information Technologies. – 2022. – No. 12. – P. 110-115.
7 . Kshitij Tiwari, Nak Young Chong Utilizing robots: Robots to assist with monitoring // Multi-robot Exploration for Environmental Monitoring. – 2020. – P. 19-29.
8. Parasuraman, R. and Riley, V., Humans and automation: Use, misuse, disuse, abuse // Human factors. – 1997. – № 39 (2). – P. 230-253.
9. Yasir Saleem, Mubashir Husain Rehmani, Sherali Zeadily Integration of Cognitive Radio Technology with unmanned aerial vehicles: Issues, opportunities, and future research challenges // Journal of Network and Computer Applications. – 2015. – No. 50. – P. 15-31.

CIVIL LAW
GALUSHIN Pavel Viktorovich
Ph.D. in technical sciences, associate professor of Information and legal disciplines and special equipment sub-faculty, Siberian Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, Krasnoyarsk
FILIPSON Kseniya Yurjevna
lecturer of the Vocational Training Center of the MIA of Russia in the Zaporozhye region
ON THE RECOGNIZING CRYPTOCURRENCY MINING AS AN ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY
This article discusses the possibility of classifying cryptocurrency mining as an entrepreneurial activity. It provides an overview of modern legal scientific literature on this issue with a detailed analysis of the arguments put forward by the authors.
Despite the fact that a number of researchers believe that mining is not an entrepreneurship, it can be concluded that the position in favor of recognizing mining as an entrepreneurial activity is better discussed both from the point of view of compliance with Russian legislation and from the point of view of a correct understanding of the technical and algorithmic essence of the mining process.
The article also provides a methodology for calculating mining costs in natural form and in cash, as well as possible income from this type of activity. This methodology can be used in the process of administrative and criminal proceedings when considering cases of electricity theft for the purpose of cryptocurrency mining and illegal entrepreneurship.
Keywords: cryptocurrency, mining, entrepreneurial activity, property , income.
Article bibliography
1. Babak P. V., Kirillova T. K., Pinin I. E. Security of cryptocurrencies // Information technologies and mathematical modeling in the management of complex systems. – 2024. – No. 2 (22). – P. 30-38. – EDN NYDHBU.
2. Galushin P. V., Filipson K. Yu. On the issue of ownership of cryptocurrency (using Bitcoin as an example) // Problems of information support for law enforcement agencies: collection of articles from the 7th All-Russian scientific and practical conference , Belgorod, May 22, 2020 / Editorial board: Amelchakov I. F., Ozerov I. N., Akapyev V. L., Prokopenko A. N., Nasonova V. A. – Belgorod: Belgorod Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation Federation named after I.D. Putilin, 2020. – P. 170-176. – EDN BVLHVY.
3. Goncharenko A. A. Legal status of cryptocurrency and mining in modern Russian legislation // Current issues of public law: Proceedings of the XIX All-Russian scientific conference of Students and young scientists, Yekaterinburg, November 12-13, 2020. Volume Issue 19. – Yekaterinburg: Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ural State Law University”, 2020. – P. 615-620. – EDN JBOOYN.
4. Egorova M. A., Belitskaya A. V. Mining cryptocurrencies in Russia and in the world: concept and legal regulation // Bulletin of the O.E. Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL). – 2020. – No. 4 (68). – P. 129-136.
5. Kuzhikov V. N. Some issues related to the legalization of mining in Russia // Bulletin of the Academy of Management and Production. – 2022. – No. 4. – P. 156-159.
6. Maksurov A. A. Mining as a legal and information category // Actual problems of economics and law. – 2018. – Vol. 12. No. 2. – P. 256-265. – DOI 10.21202/1993-047X.12.2018. 2.256-265. – EDN XQVSZN.
7. Chereshneva I. A. On the issue of legal qualification of mining // Law and Politics. – 2019. – No. 9. – P. 48-55. – DOI 10.7256/2454-0706.2019.9.30750. – EDN ZDIDOB.
8. Yakovlev O. K. Legal qualification of mining // Actual problems of economic law: from business law to the law of the digital economy: Coll. scientific. art. / Under ed. E. N. Abramova. – SPb.: St. Petersburg State University of Economics, 2021. – P. 86-91.

CIVIL LAW
DADAYAN Elena Vladimirovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty, Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University
STOROZHEVA Anna Nikolaevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty, Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University
LICENSING ISSUES OF THE ENTITY’S ACTIVITIES: A SEPARATE LEGAL ASPECT
This article, using a specific example from judicial practice, shows that there are situations when the courts interpret licensing legislation ambiguously. For example, in one of the cases, the courts interpreted the licensing legislation in a rather interesting way, namely, when considering the issue of approving the regulation on the procedure, terms and conditions for the sale of the debtor’s property, which is and is not the subject of a pledge, they considered that a potential purchaser of property at an auction must meet the licensing requirements imposed on the operator of an industrial safety facility. In this regard, the appellate court changed the form of the auction for the sale of the property of the bankrupt debtor, considering that the auction for the sale of the debtor’s property should be held in the form of a competition, in which only certain entities that have licenses for the operation of explosion and fire and chemically hazardous industrial facilities of I, II, III hazard classes can participate. Moreover, the cassation court supported the findings of the lower court. In this article, we will try to understand the findings of the courts and present our vision for a resolution of this issue.
Keywords: license, licensing requirements, industrial safety facility, bankrupt, debtor, operator, tender regulations, civil circulation.
Article bibliography
1. Determination of the Arbitration Court of Krasnoyarsk Krai dated 11.05.2022 in case No. A33-36598-13/2019. [Electronic resource] . – Access mode: https://kad.arbitr.ru (date of access: 08/28/2024).
2. Resolution of the Third Arbitration Court of Appeal dated 04/25/2024 in case No. A33-36598/2019k13. [Electronic resource] . – Access mode: https://kad.arbitr.ru (date of access: 08/28/2024).
3. Resolution of the Arbitration Court of the East Siberian District F02-2777/2024 in case No. A33-36598/2019 dated 06/25/ 2024. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://kad.arbitr.ru (date of access: 08/28/2024).

CIVIL LAW
KOBCHIKOVA Elena Vasiljevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil law sub-faculty, Kazan (Privolzhie) Federal University
GARAEVA Gelyusa Khadievna
Ph.D. in Law, senior lecturer of Civil law sub-faculty, Kazan (Privolzhie) Federal University
TESTAMENTARY REFUSAL IN ROMAN PRIVATE LAW
Based on the primary sources of Roman private law, primarily the Codification of Justinian, this article analyzes the provisions of Roman private law regarding the most important institution of Roman and modern inheritance law – testamentary waiver (legate). Based on the materials of the Corpus iuris civils, it is proved that such a legal phenomenon as a testamentary waiver (legate) has passed a centuries-old path of development in Roman law, as a result of which it was formed as a full-fledged institution of the continental legal family.
Keywords: Roman private law, legate, testamentary refusal, testator, heir, fide commissions.
Article bibliography
1. Dernburg G. Pandects. Volume III (Books IV and V). Family and Inheritance Law / Translated from the latest German edition by A. G. Goykhbarg and B. I. Elkin; edited by A. S. Krivtsov – St. Petersburg: publication of the legal book warehouse “Pravo”, 1911. – 496 p.
2. Digests of Justinian / Trans. from Latin; ed. L. L. Kofanov. T. V. Polut. 1. – Moscow: Statut, 2004. – 584 p.
3. Digests of Justinian / Trans. from Latin; ed. . L. L. Kofanov. T. VI. Polut. 2. – Moscow: Statut, 2005. – 728 p.
4. Laws of the Twelve Tables / Rus. Academy of Sciences, Institute of General History, Center for Romance Studies ; Comp. and translation by L. L. Kofanov; Responsible. editor V. I. Ukolov. – Moscow: IVI, 1996. – 228 p.
5. Selected Novellas of Justinian. Trans. and comment. V. A. Smetanina. – Ekaterinburg. UrSU, 2005. – 340 p.
6. Codex Iustinianus: Trans. from Latin / Responsible. editor A. V. Kopylov; [trans. from Latin A. V. Shchegoleva; phil. editor . A. I. Solopov]; Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov, Faculty of Law, Scientific and Educational Center “Roman Private Law”. – Moscow: Statut, 2021. – 372 p.
7 . Kopylov A. V. Legates, fideicommissums and gifts in case of death in Roman private law. – Moscow: Publishing house “Gorodets”, 2021. – 176 p.
8. Monuments of Roman law: Laws of the XII tables. Institutions of Gaius. Digest of Justinian. – Moscow: Zertsalo, 1997. – 608 p.
9. Julius Paul. Five Books of Sentences to His Son. Fragments of Domitius Ulpian / Trans. from Latin by L. M. Shtaerman; responsible editor and compiler L. L. Kofanov. – Moscow: Zertsalo, 1998. – 285 p.

CIVIL LAW
LINNIKOV Alexander Sergeevich
Ph.D. in Law, lawyer of the Moscow Region Bar Association “Linnikov and Partners”, chairman of the Board of the Association of Participants in the payment services Market “Non-profit Partnership “National Payment Council”
CONTROL OF THE PARTIES TO THE BANK ACCOUNT CONTRACT
The article considers features of civilizational control carried out by parties to a bank account agreement. The normative prerequisites of legal regulation of control functions of parties to the bank account contract have been defined. It was established that public legal control, unlike civilizational, is mandatory, based on a normative legal act and aimed at protecting public order. The objection of public-law control, as a rule, occurs in the form of refusal to perform certain operations at the request of the client.
The author’s conclusions are based on an analysis of current legislation, jurisprudence and existing doctrinal approaches to the problem under consideration.
Keywords: civil-legal control, bank account contract, control and supervision activities, management.
Article bibliography
1. Solomin S.K., Solomina N.G. Legal nature of the contract for comprehensive banking services to individuals // Law and Economics. 2022. No. 12. P. 12-19.
2. Frolova E. E. Risk-oriented approach in the formation of risk management policy by an organization // Human Rights Defender. 2016. No. 2. P. 1.
3. Frolova E. E. Combating the legalization of proceeds from crime as an independent area of state financial control in the sphere of money circulation. Monograph. Irkutsk, 2010. 127 p.

CIVIL LAW
MARKS Yuliya Aliljevna
Ph.D. in political sciences, associate professor of Civil law and process sub-faculty, Tula Institute (branch), All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia)
SUBSIDIES FOR HOUSING AND UTILITIES: LAW, DOCTRINE, ENFORCEMENT
The scientific article is devoted to the study of subsidies for housing and utilities as a type of social support measure for citizens. The author points out the insufficient systematization of the legislation in force in this area, the lack of uniform approaches to understanding the legal nature of subsidies for housing and utilities, as well as the poor theoretical development of existing problems.
As one of the reasons for subsidizing payments for housing and utilities, the author names the low efficiency of management companies and providers of housing and communal services, as well as the deterioration of the public utilities system. To solve this problem, it is proposed to enshrine at the legislative level the requirement for mandatory audits and verification of the economic activities of management companies and suppliers of housing and communal services.
Keywords: objects of civil legal relations, real estate, residential premises, social support, subsidies for payment of residential premises and utilities, housing and communal services.
Article bibliographic list
1. Krasheninnikov P. V. Housing law. 12th ed., revised and enlarged. – M .: Statut, 2020. – 432 p.
2. Machulskaya E. E. Problems of formation of basic concepts of social security law // Social and pension law. – 2023. – No. 3. – P. 12-18.
3. Farrakhutdinov I. F. Consideration of mechanisms for providing subsidies and compensations for payment of housing and communal services // International scientific journal “Symbol of Science”. – 2021. – No. 12-2. – P. 17-19.
4. Tsyganova L. Yu. On the issue of mismanagement of housing // Housing law. – 2020. – No. 10. – P. 67-76.
5. Shakhova, E. S. Retrospective analysis of the institution of payment for housing and communal services: a practical aspect in the context of a pandemic / E.S. Shakhova // Actual problems of Russian law. – 2021. – No. 3. – P. 76-84.

CIVIL LAW
NEKRASOV Mikhail Alexandrovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Theoretical and public law disciplines sub-faculty, Institute of State and Law, Tyumen State University
TARKHANOVA Alexandra Vladimirovna
bachelor of the 3rd course, direction of “Law”, Institute of State and Law, Tyumen State University
YASKOV Rodion Borisovich
student of the 3rd course, direction of the “Judicial and Prosecutorial Activities”, Institute of State and Law, Tyumen State University
MACHINE-READABLE LAW: THE CONCEPT, RISKS AND PROSPECTS OF APPLICATION IN THE CIVIL TURNOVER OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The development of machine-readable law is currently at the stage of initial development. The article examines the main risks and challenges associated with the introduction and use of machine-readable law, such as information security and legal uncertainty. In addition, potential benefits are identified, such as simplification and acceleration of transactions, protection of the interests of the parties and the development of electronic commerce. The study of the essence and prospects of the application of machine-readable law will contribute to the effective implementation and use of this technology in the civil turnover of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: machine-readable law, civil law, digitalization, legal regulation, machine-readable norms.
Article bibliography
1. Vashkevich A. M., Duyunov A. Automation of law: Legislation. Public law enforcement. Contracts and private law norms. Restrictions: Concept. – M .: Simploer, 2019. – 19 p.
2. Concept of development of machine-readable law technologies. Ministry of Economic Law. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.economy.gov.ru/material/file/792d50ea6a6f3a9c75f95494c253ab99/31_15092021.pdf
3. Ponkin I. V. The concept of machine-readable and machine-executable law: relevance, purpose, place in RegTech, content, ontology and prospects // International Journal of Open Information Technologies. – 2020. – No. 9. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kontsept-mashinochitaemogo-i-mashinoispolnyaemogo-prava-aktualnost-naznachenie-mesto-v-regtehe-soderzhanie-ontologiya-i-perspektivy (date of access: 13.10.2023).
4. Rodionova O. M. Law and digital technologies // Bulletin of the Saratov State Law Academy. – 2019. – No. 6. – P. 85-89.
5. Shepeleva O. S., Suchkova M. A., Bogapova A. V. et al. Issues of regulation of the digital economy: Analytical report / Foundation “Center for Strategic Research”. – M., 2019. – 491 p.

CIVIL LAW
SAVCHENKO Svetlana Antonovna
Ph.D. in Law, professor, Head of Civil law disciplines sub-faculty, Institute of Business Career in the Tyumen Region, senior lecturer, Tyumen State University
ISSUES OF OPERATION OF HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES AND PROTECTION OF MONUMENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF CIVIL LAW
The aim of the proposed work is to study the correlation of norms, rules, and laws summarized in codes of law enforcement practice in the structure of civil law. A special feature of this work is the study of the problem in two unrelated areas, the operation of hydraulic structures and the protection of monuments, including natural ones. The author expresses the hope that these testimonies are relevant for highlighting problems that present a fresh perspective on the implementation of norms related to the operation of civil law. To judge and highlight the problems related to the stated problem, the author used the following methods: analytical, inductive and theoretical methods. The paper presents an extensive set of facts, norms, and provisions from the structure of civil law, in its general understanding, for this format. We are modestly confident that these tasks have been solved to some extent, and we also believe it is necessary to continue research in this direction.
Keywords: trade, hydraulic structures, monuments of natural and cultural heritage, environmental protection, property rights.

CIVIL LAW
YASTREMSKIY Ivan Anatoljevich
Lawyer of the Leningrad regional bar association, branch of the Law Firm “Pelevin and Partners”
TYPES OF LEGAL LIABILITY FOR USING THE PATIENT’S IMAGE BEFORE AND AFTER PLASTIC SURGERY WITHOUT HIS CONSENT
It is revealed that criminal, administrative, and civil liability is provided for the use of a patient’s image without his consent. It is noted that one of the most important duties of plastic surgery clinics is to protect their patients, which includes protecting their right to privacy. A citizen whose image was published and used without his consent has the right to apply to the court with a demand to remove this image, prohibit its further distribution, and compensate for moral damage. It was revealed that in these cases there are problems in determining the proper defendant and confirming the fact of placing and using the image without the consent of the plaintiff. Attention is drawn to the fact that the image of a citizen does not have a normative definition.
Keywords: patient, consent, photograph, image, publication, surgeon, clinic, medical secrecy, responsibility.
Article bibliography
1. Bukalerova L. A., Ostroushko A. V. Information containing photographs (images) of a person requires criminal law protection // Legal issues of communication. 2017. No. 1.
2. Grishaev S. P., Nikolaeva A. A. Commentary on the legal regulation of the use, protection and defense of a citizen’s image // Access from the reference and legal system “GARANTEE”, 2016.
3. Gushchina Ya. E. Protection of a citizen’s image on the Internet // Law and society: history, problems, prospects. Materials of the XXVI Interuniversity International Scientific and Practical Conference of Students and Postgraduates Dedicated to the 70th Anniversary of Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University. Krasnoyarsk, 2022.
4. Mazaev D. V. Protection of a citizen’s image on the Internet // Bulletin of the Saratov State Law Academy. 2016. No. 6 (113).
5. Mikryukov V. A. On the differentiated consent of a citizen to the publication and use of his own image // Law and Economics. 2013. No. 2.
6. Pavlinov A. A. Criminal liability for violation of privacy // Gaps in Russian legislation. Law journal. 2013.
7. Patient’s consent to the use of his image. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.zdrav.ru/articles/102066-qqe-16-m01-soglasie-patsienta-na-ispolzovanie-ego-izobrajeniya?ysclid=lrn5q4vkxn781282577.
8. Stupina S. A. Certain issues of protection of a citizen’s right to an image // The era of science. 2018. No. 16.
9. Styazhkina S. A. Criminal-legal protection of a person’s private life // Bulletin of the Udmurt University. Series “Economics and Law”. 2019.T. 29. No. 4.

CIVIL LAW
KONOVALOV Aleksey Sergeevich
postgraduate student, Institute of Law, Patrice Lumumba Peoples Friendship University of Russia
ISSUES OF CIVIL LAW REGULATION OF DIGITAL ASSETS IN RUSSIA: LEGAL NATURE AND ESSENCE OF DIGITAL RIGHTS AS AN OBJECT OF CIVIL LEGAL RELATIONS
The article deals with the issues related to the legal nature and essence of digital rights. The main purpose of the work is to analyze the Russian legislation on digital rights and to determine the place of these rights in the general system of civil rights objects. The author presents the existing conceptual approaches to the understanding of digital rights in the Russian doctrine. The issue of the essential correlation between cryptoassets (digital assets) and digital rights is touched upon. The article concludes that the attempts of the Russian legislator to regulate cryptoassets have not the desired result. At the same time, the article notes the importance of the development of the Russian regulatory framework applicable to the turnover of digital assets.
Keywords: digital rights, digital assets, cryptoassets, legal regulation, utilitarian digital rights, digital financial assets.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Civil law: textbook: in 3 volumes / Ed. A. P. Sergeeva. – Ed. 2nd, revised and additional – Moscow: Prospect, 2021. Vol. 1. – 1040 p.
2. Kress V. V. Digital rights, digital financial assets, digital currency and cryptocurrency: problems of legal content and interaction // Economy. Law. Society. – 2023. – Vol. 8. No. 4 (36). – Pp. 66-71. – DOI 10.21686/2411-118X-2023-4-66-71. – EDN EKSTWN;
3. Kress V. V. Civil law regime of virtual (digital) rights // Economy. Law. Society. – 2024. – Vol. 9. No. 1 (37).
4. Kress V. V. On the concept of virtual (digital) property as an object of civil rights // Education. Science. Scientific personnel. – 2024. – No. 1.
5. Novoselova L., Gabov A., Savelyev A., Genkin A., Sarbash S., Asoskov A., Semenov A., Yankovsky R., Zhuravlev A., Tolkachev A., Kamelkova A., Uspensky M., Krupenin R., Kisly V., Zhuzhalov M., Popov V., Agranovskaya M. Digital rights as new object of civil law // Law – 2019. – No. 5. – P. 31-54.
6. Sannikova L.V., Kharitonova Yu.S. Legal essence of new digital assets // Law. – 2018. – No. 9. – P. 86-95.
7. Efimova L. G. Digital assets and rights to them in the context of changes in civil and banking legislation // Banking law. – 2021. – No. 5. – P. 7-20.
8. Pashchenko I. Yu., Potapenko S. V. Digitalization of civilturnover: utilitarian digital rights and investment // works on intellectual property. – 2024. – Vol. 48. No. 1.
9. Krysanova-Kirsanova I. G., Guk V. A., Zvezdkina A. S. Certain aspects of digital rights characteristics // Civil service and personnel. – 2024. – No. 2.

CIVIL LAW
LINNIKOV Alexander Sergeevich
Ph.D. in Law, lawyer of the Moscow Region Bar Association “Linnikov and Partners”, chairman of the Board of the Association of Participants in the payment services Market “Non-profit Partnership “National Payment Council”
CONTROL OF THE PARTIES TO THE NOMINAL ACCOUNT CONTRACTS AND PUBLIC DEPOSIT ACCOUNT
The article considers the features of civil-law control carried out by the parties to the contracts of the nominal account and the public deposit account. The normative prerequisites of legal regulation of control functions of parties to these types of contracts have been defined, the nature of control functions, features of their implementation and protection have been established.
The author’s conclusions are based on an analysis of current legislation, jurisprudence and existing doctrinal approaches to the problem under consideration.
Keywords: civil-legal control, contract of nominal account, control and supervisory activity, public deposit account.
Pristateiny bibliographic list
1. Ruchkina G. F. Legal support for insurance of financial risks of business entities // Bulletin of the Saratov State Law Academy. 2014. No. 3 (98). P. 46-52.
2. Tokmakov M. A. The relationship between a nominal account and an escrow account and some features of their legal regulation // Banking law. 2017. No. 3. P. 25-29.
3. Grabko O. V. Concept and specific features of civil law control // Laws of Russia: experience, analysis, practice. 2018. No. 9. P. 60-68.
4. Aleksanova Yu. A. Nominal account agreement: some issues of legal regulation and application // Laws of Russia: experience, analysis, practice. 2018. No. 6. P. 45-49.
5. Baibak V. V., Ivanov O. M., Karapetyan A. G., et al. Loan, credit, factoring, deposit and account: article-by-article commentary to Articles 807-860.15 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation / Ed. A. G. Karapetyan. Moscow: M-Logos, 2019. 1282 p. (author of the commentary – A. G. Karapetyan).
6. Belov V. A. What has changed in the Civil Code?: practical. manual. Moscow: Yurait, 2014. 183 p.
7. Belikova K. M., Gabov A. V., Gavrilov D. A., et al. Coordination of economic activity in the Russian legal space: monograph / Ed. M. A. Egorova. M.: Justitsinform, 2015. 656 p. (author of the paragraph – M. A. Egorova).
8. Abramova E. N. Special bank account: legal nature and classification // Law and Economics. 2016. No. 7. P. 46-54.
9. Rozhdestvenskaya T. E., Guznov A. G., Efimova L. G. Private banking law: textbook. M.: Prospekt, 2020. 776 p. (author of the chapter – L. G. Efimova). See also about this: Alekseeva D. G., Guznov A. G., Efimova L. G. and others. Banking law: a textbook for bachelors / Responsible. ed. L. G. Efimova, D. G. Alekseeva. 2nd ed., revised. and additional M.: Prospect, 2019. 608 p.
10. Badulina E. V., Bandurina N. V., Borisenko A. A., et al. Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Financial Transactions. Article-by-article commentary to chapters 42-46 and 47.1 / Ed. by P. V. Krasheninnikov. M.: Statut, 2018. 400 p. (author of the commentary – G. L. Tsukanova).
11. Belitskaya A. V. Protection of a specialized company from bankruptcy // Entrepreneurial law. Supplement “Law and Business”. 2015. No. 4. pp. 36-40.
12. Krokhina Yu. A. Nominal account: problems of doctrinal identification, judicial practice and development prospects in the digital economy // Banking law. 2023. No. 1. P. 27-42.
13. Aleksanova Yu. A. Nominee account agreement: some issues of legal regulation and application // Laws of Russia: experience, analysis, practice. 2018. No. 6. P. 45-49.
14. Krokhina Yu. Controversial issues of the legal nature of the escrow account agreement // Banking law. 2021. No. 4. P. 7-16.
15. Vasilevskaya L. Yu. Nominee account and escrow account agreements: general and specific in legal regulation // Civil law. 2017. No. 3. P. 3-5 @@ Vasilevskaya L. Yu. Features of the legal structure of the pledge of obligatory rights // Actual problems of Russian law. 2017. No. 6. P. 90-98.
16. Belitskaya A. V. Concept and legal basis of project financing // Jurist. 2015. No. 11. P. 31-36.
17. Temnikova N. A. Alimony for minor children: on the issue of ownership of funds // Family and housing law. 2022. No. 6. P. 25-27.
18. Ostanina E. A. Institute of legal representation from the point of view of protecting civil turnover // Law. 2020. No. 10. P. 77-94 @@ Khvatova M. A. Legal relations with the participation of minors in the banking sector // Banking law. 2020. No. 1. P. 38-43.
19. Vaskin V.V., Matveev A. G. Payment for real estate under a sale and purchase agreement: legal regulation and practice // Bulletin of arbitration practice. 2020. No. 2. Pp. 27-36.
20. Matyanova (Gubenko) E. S. Escrow account and nominal account as elements of the conditional deposit (escrow) structure // Financial law. 2019. No. 5. Pp. 27-32.
21. Rozhdestvenskaya T. E., Guznov A. G., Efimova L. G. Private banking law: textbook. Moscow: Prospect, 2020. 776 p. @@ Efimova L. G. Bank deposit and bank account agreements: monograph. Moscow: Prospect, 2018. 432 p. @@ Alekseeva D. G., Guznov A. G., Efimova L. G., et al. Banking Law: a textbook for bachelors / Ed. L. G. Efimova, D. G. Alekseeva. 2nd ed., revised and enlarged. Moscow: Prospect, 2019. 608 p.
22. Sarbash S. V. Liability for breach of obligations under bank account agreements (selected comments to Chapter 45 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) // Bulletin of Civil Law. 2018. No. 5. pp. 50-83.
23. Gleba O. V. Real estate transactions: the problem of choosing a safe payment method // Bulletin of arbitration practice. 2023. No. 1. P. 19-27.
24. Vitryansky V. Novellas on contracts in the sphere of banking and other financial activities // Business and Law. 2017. No. 11. P. 3-29; No. 12. P. 3-28.
25. Sarbash S. V. Liability for breach of obligations under bank account agreements (selected comments to Chapter 45 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) // Bulletin of Civil Law. 2018. No. 5. P. 50-83.

CIVIL LAW
SARGSYAN Gevorg Mishovich
postgraduate student, Moscow Financial and Industrial University “Synergy”
CRYPTOCURRENCIES AS AN INVESTMENT ASSET AND THEIR REGULATION AS SECURITIES INSTRUMENTS
This article examines the features of securities market legislation that can be applied to regulating cryptocurrency in the Russian Federation. The author explores the positions of scholars regarding investments in cryptocurrency and methods of regulation. Current issues and trends within the circulation of cryptocurrency in the Russian Federation are identified. An analysis and study of the use of cryptocurrency in transactions and how it is regulated in foreign countries have also been conducted.
Keywords: cryptocurrencies, investments, Securities Market Law.
Article bibliography
1. Berniske Chris, Tatar Jack. “Cryptoassets: An Investor-Innovator’s Guide”. – Moscow: McGraw-Hill Education, 2017. – 256 p.
2. Vinya Paul, Michael J. Casey. “The Age of Cryptocurrency: How Bitcoin and Blockchain Are Changing the Global Economic Order”: trans. from English. – Moscow: OOO “Mann, Ivanov and Ferber”, 2017. – 432 p.
3. Muradyan S. V. (2023). Digital assets: legal regulation and risk assessment // Journal of Digital Technologies and Law. – 2023. – No. 1 (1). – P. 123–151.
4. Popper Nathaniel. “Digital Gold: The Incredible Story of Bitcoin”: trans. from English. – M: OOO “I.D. Williams”, 2016. – 316 p.
5. Saveliev A.I. Electronic Commerce in Russia and Abroad: Legal Regulation. – 3rd ed., revised and enlarged. – Moscow: Statut, 2020. – 920 p.
6. RBC Information Portal. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.rbc.ru/crypto/news/6602adf09a794774ae975acf (date of access: 05/09/2024).

CIVIL LAW
SERIKH Danil Naser
master of Law, postgraduate student of Civil law and process and private international law sub-faculty, Patrice Lumumba Peoples Friendship University of Russia
FEATURES OF THE CONCESSION AGREEMENTS USE IN CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS INVOLVING PUBLIC LEGAL ENTITIES
The article examines the specific features of using concession agreements in transactions involving public-law entities. The concept of concession agreements is clarified, including their types, functions, and distinctions from other forms of public-private partnership. The article focuses on identifying the characteristics, challenges, and improvement pathways for the conclusion and implementation of concession agreements with the participation of public-law entities. The author proposes recommendations for legislative development.
Keywords: concession agreements, public-law entities, concession, public-private partnership, entrepreneurship.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Civil Code of the Russian Federation (part one) dated November 30, 1994 No. 51-FZ. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_5142/53408843126f2204aba45a6195da864ff0319198/ (date of access: 01.11.2024).
2. Federal Law of 21.07.2005 No. 115-FZ “On Concession Agreements”. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_54572/ (date of access: 01.11.2024).
3. Egorov O. V. Concession agreement and public-private partnership agreement as a civil-legalcontract // Jurist. – 2024. – No. 4. – P. 26-32.
4. Litvinov D. A., Temnikova N. A. Efficiency of the mechanism of legal regulation of concession agreements in Russian law // Law and Management. – 2024. – No. 6. – P. 54-58.
5. Nemytina M. V., Krasnov A. B. Concession policy of the Soviet state: implementation mechanism // Bulletin of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia. Series: legal sciences. – 2023. – No. 2. – P. 321-337.
6. Rusakova E. P., Falkina G. Yu. Approaches to regulating smart contracts: the EU experience // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2023. – No. 10. – P. 47-51.
7. Frolova E. E., Berman A. M. Methods of expression of the will of the parties in the context of digital transformation: current trends in law enforcement // Law. Journal of the Higher School of Economics. – 2024. – No. 3. – P. 57-83.
8. Kharkova O. M. Concession agreements as a form of public-private partnership // Bulletin of the Academy of Knowledge. – 2023. – No. 4 (57). – P. 324-328.
9. Shavaleeva Ch. M. Public-law entities as an element of the public sector of the economy: role and features of functioning // Bulletin of Economics, Law and Sociology. – 2024. – No. 1. – P. 89-92.
10. Shigonina L. A., Volkova I. Yu. Concession agreements: analysis of legislation and systematicity of law enforcement practice // Scientific notes of the Crimean Federal University named after V. I. Vernadsky. Legal sciences. – 2023. – No. 1. – P. 302-310.

CIVIL LAW
TELNOV Alexey Vladimirovich
Ph.D. in Law, General Counsel of Sberbank Factoring LLC
LEGAL PROTECTION AGAINST DEFAMATION OF REPUTATION OF BODIES AND PERSONS ACTING ON BEHALF OF AND IN THE INTERESTS OF THE STATE IN THE REPUBLIC OF INDIA
The article analyzes the legislation and judicial practice of India concerning the ongoing scientific study of the legal possibilities of bodies and persons acting on behalf of and in the interests of the state, which ensure legal protection of their reputation and, in fact, the reputation of the state from defamation (from the dissemination of false defamatory information). The object of the study was: phenomena of public relations with examples of their legislative regulation in cases of defamation; the procedure for resolving situations related to the dissemination of information that is a controversial defamatory statement of facts or opinions that negatively affect the reputation of the state and public figures directly associated with the state; procedural issues that are resolved by subjects affected by defamation; procedures for initiating legal protection by the said persons of their violated intrinsic benefits and rights from defamation. It is concluded that bodies and persons acting on behalf of and in the interests of India, along with other subjects affected by defamation, have equal rights to protect their reputation from defamation. And in fact, they have equal opportunities to use the legal means provided by the legislation and provisions of judicial practice of India to protect their reputation from defamation, even in the conditions of the proclaimed right to freedom of expression. Successful protection of the reputation of bodies and persons acting on behalf of and in the interests of India, reliably provided by the current legislation of India and provisions of judicial practice, has a positive effect on the level of reputation of the Indian state, as a whole.
Keywords: defamation, India, the state, bodies and persons acting on behalf of and in the interests of the state, legal protection of civil rights, intangible benefits, reputation
Article bibliography
1. Marinchev N. V. (2012). On an integrated approach to the study of the law of Ancient India. Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Law. 2012. No. 1. P. 3.
2. Pchelintseva V. V. General characteristics of the mixed legal system of the Republic of India // Eurasian Union of Scientists. 2020. No. 1-6 (70). pp. 38-39 (DOI: 10.31618/ESU.2413-9335.2020.6.70.566)

CIVIL LAW
TRANKALAN Fedor Ivanovich
postgraduate student of Civil law and process and international private law, Institute of Law, Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
MODERN TECHNOLOGIES IN THE RESOLUTION OF PRIVATE LAW DISPUTES BETWEEN SUBJECTS OF THE RETAIL ELECTRICITY MARKET
The author of the article examines the impact of digitalization on the system of technologies used in the settlement of private law disputes between subjects of the retail electricity market. The author concludes that the introduction of modern innovative technologies makes it possible to reduce financial, time, personnel and other costs aimed at resolving the dispute. It is noted that these technologies contribute to increasing the importance of the pre-trial (claim) stage in resolving the existing conflict and reducing the burden on Russian courts. At the same time, the implementation of such technologies requires an appropriate mechanism of legal regulation, which establishes a legal algorithm for their application in practice. At the initial stage, the use of such technologies by subjects of the retail electricity market is allowed on a voluntary basis. In the future, taking into account the results of their testing and the level of digitalization of the Russian economy and society, it is possible to give modern technologies the status of a mandatory pre-trial stage when considering private law disputes between subjects of the retail electricity market.
Keywords: energy law, digitalization, retail electricity market, subjects of the retail electricity market, private law disputes.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Maksimenko P. N. Retail markets of electrical energy: civil legal aspects. dis. Ph.D. – M., 2023. – 199 p.
2. Ermakova E. P., Protopopova O. V. Pros and cons of digital arbitration // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2023. – No. 8 (183). – P. 177-180. – EDN DHDTRK.
3. Avdyev M. A. Online dispute resolution services: selected cases // Modern management technologies. ISSN 2226-9339. – No. 8 (56). – No. 5601. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://sovman.ru/article/5601/.
4. Kartkhia A.A. Digital corporations in a new quality of management // Civil law. – 2020. – No. 4. – P. 22-26.
5. Altukhov A. V., Kashkin S. Yu. Legal nature of digital platforms in Russian and foreign doctrine // Actual problems of Russian law. – 2021. – No. 7. – P. 86-94.

CIVIL LAW
YASTREMSKIY Ivan Anatoljevich
Lawyer of the Leningrad regional bar association, branch of the Law Firm “Pelevin and Partners”
THE USE BY A PLASTIC SURGEON OF PHOTOGRAPHIC WORKS FROM THE INFORMATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK “INTERNET” WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER AS A VIOLATION OF THE RIGHTS OF THE AUTHOR OF THE RESULT OF INTELLECTUAL ACTIVITY
The article considers photographic works as an object of copyright, subject to legal protection on the Internet. It is concluded that the Civil Code of the Russian Federation establishes requirements only for the process of creating photographs and does not establish any requirements (except for the objective form) for its result. It is proposed that originality should become a requirement for the protection of copyrights to works; a photograph should be considered such if it can be characterized as reflecting the personal approach of the author and being different from others.
Keywords: photography, photographic work, image, copyright, author, Internet, personal data.
Article bibliography
1. Baklanova N.A., Burdakova M.A., Agibalova E.N. Legal protection of photographic works on the Internet. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/pravovaya-zaschita-fotograficheskih-proizvedeniy-v-seti-internet?ysclid=lrtkwolex1749573424.
2. Gaiduk V. P. Using photographs taken from the Internet : legal risks, practice, recommendations // IP. Copyright and related rights. 2022. No. 6 // SPS “Consultant Plus”.
3. Kovalenko Yu. A. Actual problems of protecting a citizen’s image on the Internet / / Law. Society. State: collection of scientific papers of students and postgraduates / Ed. E. V. Trofimov. St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg Institute, 2021.
4. Krivogin M. S. Features of legal regulation of biometric personal data // Law. Journal of the Higher School of Economics. 2017. No. 2.
5. Kubyshkin A. I. Problems of protection of photographic works and works obtained by methods similar to photography on the Internet // Matters of Russian and International Law. 2018, Vol. 8. Is. 7A.
6. Lushina V. E. Illegal use of photographs of citizens posted on the Internet // Bulletin of the Magistracy. 2015. No. 3 (42).
7. Politsyna A. A., Dmitriev R. O. Photographic works and methods of their protection // Skif. Questions of student science. 2019. No. 2 (32).
8. Rozhkova M. A. Civil Code of the Russian Federation. Article-by-article commentary to Chapters 6-12 (Statute, Moscow, 2014).
9. Rozhkova M., Isaeva O. Legal protection of photographs in the digital age: Russian regulation. SHS Web of Conferences 109, 01032 (2021).

CIVIL PROCEDURE
KULIK Tatyana Yurievna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Civil procedural and labor law sub-faculty, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don
ON THE ISSUE OF THE COMPETENCE OF ARBITRATION COURTS IN CASES INVOLVING NOTARIES
The right to judicial protection, guaranteed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, can be properly implemented only if the person who applies for judicial protection has a clear idea of the court whose competence includes consideration of the dispute. Procedural branches of law, being branches of public law, contain sufficiently developed legal mechanisms that allow persons whose rights and legitimate interests have been violated to determine the court to which they must apply for the protection of their rights. However, with respect to some cases, uniformity of approaches has not yet been developed, which hinders the achievement of the objectives of justice. One of such debateable issues, both in theory and in practice, remains the consideration of cases involving notaries. Currently, such cases can be considered by both courts of general jurisdiction and arbitration courts. Despite the seemingly certain norms of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation and the Arbitration Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, in practice it is often difficult to effectively exercise one’s right to judicial protection. In the article, the author analyzes the practice of applying the norms of procedural legislation governing the consideration of cases involving notaries.
Keywords: notarial activity, arbitration court, notarial acts, competence, disputes arising from the activities of notaries, jurisdiction.
Article bibliographic list
1. Bespalova V. R. Legal nature of judicial review in civil proceedings // Arbitration and civil procedure. – 2022. – No. 5 . – P. 3-6.
2. Anisimov A. A., Bevzenko R. S., Belov V. A. et al. Commentary on the legislation of the Russian Federation on notaries (article by article) / Ed. D. Ya. Maleshina. – M.: Statut, 2018. – 719 p.
3. Shestalo S. S. Concept and types of judicial review // SPS ConsultantPlus. – 2024 (date of access: 10/25/2024).

CIVIL PROCEDURE
MOGILEVSKIY Grigoriy Alexandrovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Civil law sub-faculty, Army general I. K. Yakovlev Novosibirsk order of Zhukov of the Military Institute of the National Guard of the Russian Federation, associate professor of Civil law disciplines sub-faculty, Siberian State University of Railway Engineering
BYKOVSKAYA Elena Anatoljevna
Ph.D. in historical sciences, associate professor, Head of Civil and criminal law sub-faculty, Siberian State University of Railway Engineering
MINYAYLENKO Nikolay Nikolaevich
Ph.D. in Law, professor, professor of Civil process sub-faculty, St. Petersburg Institute (branch), All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Honorary worker of higher professional education of the Russian Federation
AMICABLE AGREEMENT OF THE PARTIES AS ELEMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF CONCILIATION PROCEDURES IN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS
Based on a brief analysis of the regulatory legal framework, doctrinal sources and law enforcement (judicial) practice, the publication examines the concept, procedural and legal nature of the settlement agreement and its importance as an element of the system of conciliation procedures in the administration of justice in civil cases. Along with this, the lawful conditions for its conclusion by the parties in a civil case, the procedural form of registration and approval by the court, as well as the novelties of the legal mechanism for its execution are considered.
Keywords: conciliation procedures, system, element, amicable agreement, concept, legal nature, meaning, legal basis, doctrinal approaches, law enforcement practice, conclusion, form, legal consequences, enforcement.
Article bibliographic list
1. Aftakhova A. V. Conciliation procedures and settlement agreement in civil proceedings: theoretical aspects and features of law enforcement // Bulletin of Tver State University. – 2019. – No. 1 (57). – P. 160 .
2. Krasheninnikov P. V. Civil procedural law: textbook [in 2 volumes] Volume 1. General part. 2nd ed., revised and enlarged. – M.: Statut, 2022. – P. 263.
3. Vlasov A. A. Civil procedure: textbook and practical training for universities. 10th ed., revised. . and add. – M.: Publishing House Yurait, 2024. – P. 233.
4. Mokhov A. A., Vorontsova I. V., Semenova S. Yu. Civil procedure (civil procedural law) of Russia: textbook . – M.: Contract, 2017. – P. 109.
5. Ismailova K. A., Alieva A. B. Textbook on the discipline “Civil Procedure”. – M.: Statut, 2020. – P. 107.
6. Bespalov Yu. F. Commentary on the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation (article by article; 3rd ed., revised and supplemented). – M.: Prospect, 2020. – P. 62.

CIVIL PROCEEDINGS
OMAROV Masum Masudovich
magister student, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala
RAMAZANOVA Zarema Magomedrasulovna
magister student, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala
ELECTRONIC EVIDENCE AS AN INDEPENDENT TYPE OF EVIDENCE IN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS
The article examines certain issues of the use of electronic evidence, problems of legislative regulation of electronic evidence in the civil process, legislative classification of evidence as electronic, as well as the properties of electronic evidence and their direct impact on judicial practice, problems of using electronic evidence in courts of general jurisdiction and arbitration courts, this article examines the issue of classifying electronic evidence as written evidence in the civil process. At the present stage of development of scientific and technological progress and the introduction of digital technologies, the question of the place of electronic evidence as an independent type of evidence in the civil process plays an important role, the need to establish and consolidate electronic evidence in the current legislation. Ways to resolve issues of legislative regulation of electronic evidence that arises during the study are considered.
The opinions of various legal scholars and legal scholars in this area are being studied; due to their specificity, electronic evidence has its own properties and characteristics, thanks to which they can be distinguished from written and physical evidence.
Keywords: electronic evidence, written evidence, electronic document, digital graphic records, civil process, arbitration process, civil process, means of evidence.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Civil process: textbook for universities / M. Yu. Lebedev [et al.]; edited by M. Yu. Lebedev. – 14th ed., revised. and add. – Moscow: Yurait Publishing House, 2025. – P. 138-145.
2. Practice of application of the Arbitration Procedural Code of the Russian Federation / I. V. Reshetnikova [et al.]; editor-in-chief I. V. Reshetnikova. – 5th ed., revised and enlarged. – Moscow: Yurait Publishing House, 2024. – P. 300-306.
3. Zigalov I. A. Electronic evidence in civil proceedings: problems of application and provision // Civil law and process. – 2019. – No. 5 (2). – P. 136-138.
4. Kozhich I. S., Rogacheva V. N. Audio and video recordings as a means of evidence in civil proceedings // Scientific leader.– 2022. – No. 24 (69).
5. Bonner A. T. Electronic justice: reality or a newfangled term? // Bulletin of civil procedure. – 2018. – No. 1. – P. 22-38.
6. Zhurkina O. V. Electronic evidence: concept and features // Russian Justice. – 2020. – No. 9. – P. 44-46.
7. Emaltynov A. R. Some problems of assessing electronic evidence in the system Electronic justice // Arbitration and civil procedure. – 2021. – No. 5. – P. 31-35.

CIVIL PROCEDURE
ORDASHOVA Anisat Shayikhmagomedovna
magister student, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala
AKHMEDOVA Djamilya Magomedovna
competitor of Civil process sub-faculty, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala
THE RELATIONSHIP OF THE PRINCIPLE OF COMPETITION WITH THE PRINCIPLE OF DISPOSITIVITY IN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS
The article provides a comparative analysis of dispositivity and competitiveness as principles of civil proceedings. The problem of the certainty of these fundamental ideas in legal science is noted. Attention is drawn to the unity of dispositivity and competitiveness, expressed in the orientation of these principles to protect the rights of the individual in the conduct of legal proceedings and in a fair study of the factual circumstances of the case. It is noted that dispositivity and competitiveness combine the qualitative characteristics of the principles of law and, at the same time, the method of legal influence; they are implemented into the norms of law, forming a special institution in the legal system. Both categories presuppose the initiative and activity of the subjects of the process necessary to achieve their goals. Competitiveness is an important factor in the implementation of dispositivity, as well as dispositivity is a guarantee of the implementation of competitiveness.
Keywords: principles of civil proceedings, adversarial nature, dispositivity, activity of the court , presentation of evidence.
Article bibliographic list
1. Aliyeskerov M.A. Adversarial nature of civil proceedings and the essence of substantive legal relations established by the court // Scientific works. Russian Academy of Legal Sciences: Works of members of the Russian Academy of Legal Sciences (RAYUN) and materials of the XXIII International scientific and practical conference, Moscow, November 23–25, 2022. – Moscow: Publishing group “Yurist”, 2023. – P.400-404.
2. Bukina V. S. Principles of Soviet civil procedural law (theoretical issues of the concept and system): dissertation for the degree of candidate of legal sciences. – Leningrad, 1975. – 167 p.
3. Gukasyan R. E. Problems of interest in Soviet civil procedural law. – Saratov, 1970.
4. Dokuchaeva T. V. Civil procedural doctrine of truth in Russia in the late XIX – XX centuries (Historical and legal research): specialty 12.00.03 “Civil law; business law; family law; international private law”: dissertation for the degree of candidate of legal sciences / Dokuchaeva Tatyana Vasilievna. – Moscow, 1999. – 181 p.
5. Salei N. N. On some problems of implementing the adversarial principle in civil proceedings // Prineman scientific readings: Collection of scientific papers of the XIII International scientific and practical conference, Grodno, April 7, 2023. – Grodno: Educational institution “BIP – University of Law and Social and Information Technologies”, 2023. – P. 255-259.
6. Samsonov V. V. Adversarial nature in civil procedural law: specialty 12.00.03 “Civil law; business law; family law; international private law”: dissertation for the degree of candidate of legal sciences. – Saratov, 1999. – 146 p.

CIVIL PROCEDURE
KHANAPIEVA Anisat Khanapievna
magister student, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala
AKHMEDOV Dzhalil Akhmedovich
senior lecturer of Civil process sub-faculty, Dagestan State University, Makhachkala
PROTECTION OF EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article examines educational rights in the Russian Federation, including the right to education, accessibility of education, and equality of educational opportunities. Key international and Russian regulatory acts governing the protection of educational rights are described. A historical overview of the development of legislation in this area is presented, with a focus on the reforms of the 1990s and 2000s. Current issues such as the violation of the right to accessible and quality education, discrimination in the educational sphere, and the protection of the rights of children with special educational needs are analyzed. State and public measures for the protection of educational rights, as well as development prospects in the context of digitalization and distance learning, are considered. The conclusion offers recommendations for improving the situation and overcoming existing problems.
Keywords: educational rights, right to education, accessibility of education, equality of opportunities, discrimination, inclusive education.
Article bibliography
1. Zhukov A.P. On the issue of the system of legislation on administrative responsibility for offenses in the field of education // Legal policy and legal life. – 2014. – No. 4. – P. 144-150.
2. Maslennikova L. N., Sobenin A. A. On the results of the scientific and practical conference “Issues of protecting the rights of citizens using digital technologies in criminal proceedings” // Actual problems of Russian law. – 2023. – No. 8 (153). – P. 179-190.
3. Popova I. N. Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”: upbringing and socialization of minors // Public education. – 2014. – No. 7 (1440).
4. Sosnovskaya L. R. Constitutional right to education and its protection in modern Russian legal proceedings // VEPS. – 2019. – No. 2. – P. 81-84.
5. Tereshchenko E. A., Ivanchenko E. A., Zaseev E. A. Protection of the right to education by the prosecutor’s office of the Russian Federation and compliance with federal legislation by educational organizations of the North Caucasus Federal District // Legal policy and legal life. – 2019. – No. 4. – P. 132-145.

FAMILY LAW
MALINOVA Anna Grigorjevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Civil law sub-faculty, O. E. Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSLA)
NON-PROPERTY INTERESTS OF THE FAMILY AS AN OBJECT OF LEGAL REGULATION
The article discusses the problematic issues of the civil law understanding, widely used in the legal vocabulary of the concept of “non-property interests of the family”. It is clearly shown that the absence of a generally recognized doctrinal definition of this concept is due to the lack of a legislative definition of the generic concept, which is the word “interest”. In this regard, the main doctrinal points of view on the definition of the meanings of this concept are considered in sufficient detail. Given that 2024 has been declared the Year of the Family in Russia, the paper also shows that insufficient attention is paid to this important circumstance in modern legal research.
Keywords:interest, non-property interest, rights, subjective rights, belonging, subject of law, alienability, inalienability, family.
Article bibliography
1. Helvetius. The True Meaning of the System of Nature. – Moscow: Novaya Moskva, 1923. – 163 p.
2. Civil Law: textbook: in 3 volumes. Vol. 2 / I. A. Andreev, I. Z. Ayusheeva, A. S. Vasiliev [et al.]: edited by S. A. Stepanov. – Moscow: Prospect; Yekaterinburg: Institute of Private Law, 2011. – 712 p.
3. Civil Law Protection of Personal Interests. – Moscow: Legal Literature, 1969. – 256 p.
4. Deborin A. Preface // Helvetius. The True Meaning of the System of Nature. – M.: Novaya Moskva, 1923. – 163.
5. Em V. S., Berdnikov V. V. Introductory article // Passek E. V. Non-property interest and force majeure in civil law. – M.: Statut, 2003. – 399 p. (Classics of Russian civilistics).
6. Ilyin I. A. General doctrine of law and state // Ilyin I. A. Collected works. In 10 volumes. Vol. 4. – M.: Russkoe slovo, 1994. – 624 p.
7. Ilyin M. V. Words and meanings. Experience of describing key political concepts. – M.: Russian Political Encyclopedia (ROSSPEN), 1997. – 432 p.
8. Commentary on the Family Code of the Russian Federation (educational and practical) / O. G. Alekseeva, L. V. Zayets, L. M. Zvyagintseva et al.; under the general editorship of S. A. Stepanov. – M.: Prospect, 2018. – 352 p.
9. Makovsky A. L. The Missing Link // Pokrovsky I. A. The Main Problems of Civil Law. – M.: Statut, 1998. – 353 p.
10. Malinova A. G. The Balance of Interests and Its “Hypostases” in Jurisprudence // Russian Law Journal. – 2022. – No. 2. – P. 21-44.
11. Malinova A. G. Are legal definitions of the concepts of “interest” and “legitimate interest” possible? // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2020. – No. 8 (147). – P. 84-85.
12. Malinova A. G. The concept of “legitimate interests” in family law // Russian Law Journal. – 2001. – No. 1. – P. 62-65.
13. Malinova A. G. Public interests: history, theory and arguments against the use of this term in domestic legislation // Russian Law Journal. – 2023. – No. 1. – P. 65-84.
14. Malinova A. G. Juridization of the concept of “quality of life” in disputes over compensation for moral damage // Russian Law Journal. – 2020. – No. 4 (133). – P. 73-79.
15. Malko A. V. Incentives and restrictions in law. 2nd ed. revised and enlarged. – M.: Jurist, 2003. – 250 p.
16. Malko A. V., Subochev V. V. Legitimate interests as a legal category. – St. Petersburg: Legal Center Press, 2004. – 359 p.
17. Mikhailov S. V. Category of interest in Russian civil law. – M.: Statute, 2002. – 205 p.
18. Passek E.V. Moral interest and force majeure in civil law. – M.: Statute, 2003. – 399 p. (Classics of Russian civil law).
19. Passek E. Moral interest in an obligation. – Yuriev: Printing house of K. Matthiesen, 1893. – 217 pp.
20. Devotee of Law: In memory of Nagashbai Shaikenov. In 2 volumes, 2nd ed., revised. and additional T. 1 / Author-stat. L. A. Shaikenova; Preface: Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan I. N. Tasmagambetov; corresponding member NAS RK M. K. Suleimenov. – Astana: Foliant, 2002. – 440 p.
21. Pokrovsky I. A. Basic problems of civil law. – M.: Statut, 1998. – 353 p. (Classics of Russian civilistics).
22. Pukhan I., Polenak-Akimovskaya M. Roman law (basic textbook). Translated from Macedonian. – M.: Zertsalo, 1999. – 448 p.
23. Russian legislation of the 10th–20th centuries. In 9 volumes. Volume 7. Documents of the peasant reform. – M.: Jurid. lit, 1989. – 482 p.
24. Soloviev E. Yu. Legal nihilism and the humanistic meaning of law // Quintessence: Philosophical almanac / Comp.: V. I. Mudragei, V. I. Usanov. – M .: Politizdat, 1990. – 447 p.
25. Philosophy in the Encyclopedia of Diderot and d’Alembert. – M .: Science, 1994. – 720 p.
26. Hirschman A. O. Interests // “Invisible Hand” of the Market / Ed. J. Eatwell, M. Milgate, P. Newman; scientific ed. N. A. Makashev. – M.: Publishing House of the State University Higher School of Economics, 2008. – 388 p.
27. Shaikenov N. A. The category of interest in Soviet law (law as a means of realizing the interests of the individual): author’s abstract. dis. … candidate of legal sciences. – Sverdlovsk, 1980. – 16 p.
28. Shaikenov N. A. Legal support of the interests of the individual. – Sverdlovsk: Ural Publishing House. University, 1990. – 200 pp.

LABOR LAW
SADEKOV Ildar Ravilevich
Lead lawyer of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia)
THE ISSUE OF CONVERGENCE OF LABOR LEGISLATION OF THE EAEU MEMBER COUNTRIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF REGULATION OF EMPLOYER’S CONTROL IN LABOR RELATIONS
The article analyzes the regulation of employer’s control in the jurisdictions of the EAEU member states. The article raises the problem of harmonization of labor legislation of the EAEU member states on the example of regulation of employer’s control. The article shows common points of contact and trends in the regulation of employer’s control in the legislation of the EAEU member states.
Keywords: employer’s control, Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), harmonization of labor legislation.
Article bibliography
1. Duisenov E. E. Some theoretical issues of integration of constitutional legislation in the EAEU countries // Journal of Russian Law. – 2023. – No. 4. – P. 107-121.
2. Korkin A. E. Atypical labor relations: borrowed labor, telework and on-call work: legal nature, foreign legislation and Russian prospects. – M .: Infotropic Media, 2013. – 208 p.
3. Sarpekov R. K., Arystan A. Prospects for the implementation of the institution of borrowed labor in the Republic of Kazakhstan // Bulletin of the Institute of Legislation and Legal Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan. – 2020. – No. 2 (60). – P.37-46.
4. Tomashevsky K. L. Sources of labor law of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (problems of theory and practice): monograph. / K. L. Tomashevsky. – Minsk: International University “MITSO”, 2017. – 560 p.

LABOR LAW
TOMASHEVSKIY Kirill Leonidovich
Ph.D. in Law, professor of Civil and business law sub-faculty, V. G. Timiryasov Kazan Innovation University (IEPU)
PAVLOVA Anastasiya Leontjevna
student of the 3rd course of the Faculty of Law, V. G. Timiryasov Kazan Innovation University (IEPU)
WORK VIA ONLINE APPLICATIONS: LEGISLATION GAPS AND CURRENT JUDICIAL PRACTICE OF RUSSIA
The article deals with problematic issues that arise when resolving civil disputes related to the use of labor through digital labor platforms. The authors analyze the legal basis of work through digital labor platforms, put forward proposals for its regulation in the legislation of the Russian Federation. The article analyzes the decisions of courts of general jurisdiction of various instances concerning violations of socio-economic and labor rights and guarantees of platform employees.
Keywords: labor disputes, platform employment, employment relations, digital labor platforms, platform worker.
Article bibliography
1. Lyutov N. L., Voitkovskaya I. V. Taxi drivers working through online platforms: what are the legal consequences of the “uberization” of labor? // Actual problems of Russian law. – 2020. – Vol. 15. No. 6. – P. 149-159.
2. Motina E. V., Tomashevsky K. L., Chichina E. V. Legal regulation of atypical forms of employment in the context of digitalization and regional integration. – Minsk: Amalfeya, 2024. – 244 p.
3. Platform employment in Russia // Website of the National Research University “Higher School of Economics”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://issek.hse.ru/news/975577465.html (date of access: 10/25/2024).
4. Tomashevsky K. L. Legal aspects of labor protection and measures for platform employees (experience of foreign countries) // Labor law in Russia and abroad. – 2023. – No. 3. – P. 49-52.
5. Chesalina O. V. Labor and legal guarantees for persons employed through online platforms // Herald of the Euro-Asian Law Congress. – 2020. – No. 1. – P. 108-117.
6. Chudinovskikh M. V. Main trends in the development of digital labor platforms in the context of a pandemic // Business. Education. Law. – 2021. – No. 3 (56). – P. 280-284.
7. Realizing decent work in the platform economy: Report V (1). International Labour Conference 113th Session, 2025 // Website of the International Labour Organization. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.ilo.org/sites/default/files/wcmsp5/groups/public/@ed_norm/@relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_909906.pdf (date of access: 25.10.2024).

FINANCIAL LAW
GEYMUR Olga Gennadjevna
Ph.D. in Law, senior lecturer of Theoretical and public law disciplines sub-faculty of the Institute of State and Law, Tyumen State University
KRASNOVA Tatyana Vladimirovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Civil law disciplines sub-faculty of the Institute of State and Law, Tyumen State University
FINANCIAL SECURITY OF THE STATE AT THE CONCLUSION OF MEDIATION AGREEMENTS: REAL AND MYTHICAL RISKS
The article discusses the specifics of including a mediation agreement and the risks of using this legal instrument for illegal purposes. The authors explore the stages of the mediation agreement formalization, the mechanism of countering the laundering of proceeds from crime. Legislative innovations in the field of a mediation agreement notarization are described. Proposals have been made aimed at developing the institution of a mediation agreement and strengthening measures to ensure the financial security of the state when concluding mediation agreements.
Keywords: financial security, mediation agreement, notarization, fictitious agreements.
Article bibliography
1. Balashova I. N. Right to executethe results of mediation: from voluntariness to compulsion // Arbitration and civil procedure. – 2023. – No. 3. – P. 7-12.
2. Kiselev O. A., Golovacheva Yu. A. Enforceability of a mediation agreement // Law and state: theory and practice. – 2021. – No. 4 (196). – P. 182-186.
3. Krasnova T. V. On agreements between parents, spouses and other family members in mediation and family law: proposals for improving legislation // Law and Politics. – 2016. – No. 3. – P. 419-425.
4. Solomeina E. A., Sheremetova G. S. The procedure for notarization of a mediation agreement: analysis of the content of the agreement // Notarial Bulletin. – 2024. – No. 5. – P. 6-17.
5. Hasan B. I., Lopatin A. A. Boundaries of competence and professional risks in working with conflict (on the example of the work of the mediation center of the Law Institute of the Siberian Federal University) // Bulletin of St. Petersburg State University. Series 16: Psychology. Pedagogy. – 2012. – No. 3. – P. 60-64.

FINANCIAL LAW
DOBRIN Daniil Alexandrovich
postgraduate student of Banking and insurance sub-faculty, Orenburg State University
CLASSIFICATION OF FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FUNCTIONING OF THE HOUSING MORTGAGE LENDING MECHANISM UNDER CONDITIONS OF UNCERTAINTY
The article examines the factors influencing the functioning of the mortgage housing lending mechanism under conditions of uncertainty. The study analyzes existing approaches to classifying factors affecting the mortgage housing lending mechanism and presents an original classification that divides factors into external and internal. The aim of the study is to systematize and analyze the factors affecting the mortgage housing lending mechanism as a whole. The results of the research are of practical significance for developing measures to improve the mortgage housing lending mechanism, focusing on ensuring housing affordability for the population and the stability of the banking sector.
Keywords: mortgage, mortgage lending, mortgage housing lending mechanism, banks, factors, risks.
Article bibliography
1. Korosteleva T. S. Regional mortgage: development vector // Regional Economy: Theory and Practice. – 2014. – No. 42 (369). – P. 45-60. – EDN SXKGTD.
2. Tatarinova L. V., Plotnikova V. A. Factors influencing mortgage lending in the Russian Federation // Business. Education. Law. – 2018. – No. 4 (45). – P. 208-216. – DOI 10.25683/VOLBI.2018.45.444. – EDN VLCNYR.
3. Tretyakova I. N., Yablonskaya A. E., Alekhina E. S. Economic conditions and factors determining the development of mortgage lending in the Russian Federation // Bulletin of the Belgorod University of Cooperation, Economics and Law. – 2015. – No. 4 (56). – P. 300-308. – EDN VINETT.

FINANCIAL LAW
OCHIROVA Polina Igorevna
postgraduate student of the 3rd course of the direction “Business and financial Law”, Baikal State University, Irkutsk
STABLECOIN ISSUANCE: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS
In the context of cryptocurrency regulation, jurisdictions of all countries strive to provide investor protection, but all of them apply different legal strategies and tools, and pursue partially divergent objectives. The object of the study is digital currencies. The subject of the study is stablecoins. The aim of the study is a comparative legal analysis of the issue of stablecoins. Stablecoins are crypto-assets whose purpose is to maintain a stable value against a specific asset, pool or basket of assets, they can be divided into two broad categories depending on the nature of the reserve assets. In most cases, the issuance of stablecoins is regulated based on the general laws that govern all cryptocurrencies, but there are very few regulations that specifically address stablecoins. Countries need specific regulations for the actual circulation of stackablecoins as they are, as laws tend to vary somewhat, so regulation is a purely jurisdictional issue.
Keywords: digital currencies, digital assets, issuer, prospectus, cryptocurrency.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Schwarcz S. L. Regulating Global Stablecoins: A Model-Law Strategy // Vand. L.Rev. – 2022. – T. 75. – P. 1729.
2. Nøkleholm B. A., Kviseth G. V. Regulation of Cryptocurrency: An Analysis of the Proposed Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation Emphasizing on the Issuer of Stablecoin: dis. – Handelshøyskolen BI, 2021.
3. Moorkattil X. Blockchain White Paper // Available at SSRN 4176506. – 2022.
4. Kochergin D. Crypto-assets: Economic nature, classification and regulation of turnover //International organizations research journal. – 2022. – T. 17. No. 3. – P. 75-113.
5. Quek B. Monetary authority of Singapore. – 2022.

FINANCIAL LAW
KARTASHOV Alexander Viktorovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Financial law sub-faculty, O. E. Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)
ROZHDESTVENSKAYA Tatyana Eduardovna
Ph.D. in Law, professor of Financial law sub-faculty, O. E. Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)
EXPERIMENTAL LEGAL REGIMES IN THE FINANCIAL MARKET: FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
In modern conditions, the financial market is undergoing fundamental changes due to the development and introduction of new technologies. In order to build a sustainable system of legal regulation of the financial market, the state and society strive to develop approaches that ensure the introduction of innovations, balanced technological development, respect for the rights and legitimate interests of consumers of financial services, and sustainable development of organizations operating in the financial market. To achieve these goals, financial market regulators in various countries have been actively using experimental legal regimes in recent years. The article analyzes the foreign experience of establishing experimental legal regimes in the financial market.
Keywords: Financial market, technologies in the financial market, experimental legal regime
Article bibliography
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4. Zadorozhnaya E. A. Theory of experimental design: a tutorial. – Chelyabinsk: Publishing center of SUSU, 2018.
5. Bacon, Francis (1561-1626). New Organon = Novum organum scientiarum / Francis Bacon of Verulam; ed. and introduction. Art. G. Tymyansky; trans. S. Krasilshchikov. – Leningrad: Sotsekgiz. Leningrad Department, 1935. – P. 17-18.
6. Denson, Thomas & Anderson, Craig. (2023). Experimental Methods. 10.1017/9781009010054.017. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371015474 (date of access: 20.01.2024).
7. Kartashov A. V. Public and legal aspects of digitalization financial market: monograph. – Tula: Publishing house of Tula State University. – 2022. – 291 p.
8. Kartashov A. V. Legal aspects of digitalization of the financial market: monograph. – Tula: Tula State University Publishing House, 2023. – 399 p.
9. Kartashov A. V. Features of licensing fintech banks in European countries // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2023. – No. 12 (187). – P . 279-281.
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FINANCIAL LAW
YUSUPOV Emil Fliurovich
postgraduate student, O. E. Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSLA)
INSTITUTE OF A BONA FIDE ACQUIRER IN DISPUTES OVER THE RECLAMATION OF SHARES ACQUIRED AT ORGANIZED AUCTIONS
The work touches on key aspects of legal regulation and protection of shareholders’ rights in the organized trading market. The article emphasizes the importance of the changes introduced by Federal Law No. 325-FZ, which provides that shares acquired in good faith at organized auctions are not subject to vindication. The author points out that this provision is aimed at strengthening the stability of civil turnover and increasing confidence in trade mechanisms. The paper analyzes the problems of legal regulation of the institution of a bona fide acquirer in disputes over the reclamation of shares purchased at organized auctions and indicates the need for accurate individualization of securities (shares) for effective reclamation, and also suggests ways to solve problems related to the reclamation of assets.
Keywords: bona fide acquirer, institution, stock claim, organized auctions, vindication, securities.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Berzon N.I. Securities market: a textbook for universities. – M.: Yurait Publishing House, 2024. – 514 p.
2. Vasilevskaya L. Yu., Poduzova E. B., Tasalova F. A. Digitalization of civil turnover: problems and development trends (civilistic study): monograph. – M.: Prospect, 2021. – 230 p.
3. Galkin V. I. The problem of achieving a balance of interests in the vindication of real estate from a bona fide purchaser at the suit of a public-law entity // Gaps in Russian legislation. – 2020. – No. 2. – P. 102-107.
4. Novoselova L. A. Protection of a bona fide purchaser from claims of “competing” purchasers // Business and Law. – 2020. – No. 8 (523). – P. 3-9.

TAX LAW
CHEPKASOVA Anastasiya Olegovna
postgraduate student, School of State Audit, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
THE PRINCIPLE OF FAIRNESS IN INTERNATIONAL TAX LAW: NEW CHALLENGES OF DIGITAL AGE
The development of digital technologies significantly affects the traditional principles and standards of international taxation. The purpose of this study is to identify key trends in the changing principle of fairness in international tax law. Due to its multidimensional nature, the transformation of the principle of fairness is revealed in completely different directions and issues. Thus, in order to achieve fair taxation, it is necessary to pay special attention to the development of the theoretical concept of “digital residency” of taxpayers and the practical implementation of the taxation model in a market jurisdiction. The income rights of multinational digital corporations should be distributed in favor of the jurisdictions where the consumers of their digital services are located. Fairness in modern international tax law consists in speeding up the processes of tax administration without violating the confidentiality of taxpayers, as well as in maximizing the automation of the process of collecting and exchanging information between jurisdictions.
Keywords: principle of fairness, international tax law, digitalization, digital nomads, income tax, international taxation.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Andrianova N. G. Deoffshorization as an institution of financial law: main trends in formation and development: dis. …cand. legal Sci. – M., 2022.
2. Anisina K. T., Badmaev B. G., Bit-Shabo I. V., et al. Financial law in the context of the development of the digital economy: monograph / Ed. I. A. Tsindeliani. – M.: Prospect, 2019.
3. Gidirim V. A. Fundamentals of international corporate taxation. – “Author”, 2016. – 794 p. – ISBN 978-5-9908572-2-3.
4. Demin A. V. On the issue of general principles of taxation // Journal of Russian Law. – 2002. – No. 4.
5. Kelina S. G., Kudryavtsev V. N. Principles of Soviet criminal law. – M.: Nauka, 1988.
6. Martyshin O. V. Justice and Law // Law and Politics. – 2000. – No. 12.
7. Mileshenko I. P. Application of the principles of residency and source of income to the taxation of electroniccommerce // Jurist. – 2007. – No. 10.
8. Nersesyants V. S. Philosophy of Law: textbook. 2nd ed. revised and enlarged. – M .: Norma, 2008.
9. Ryabova E. V. Remote work and // Tax expert. – 2021. – No. 12.
10. Ryabova E. V. Digital migration of individuals: legal issues of international taxation // Migration law. – 2021. – No. 2.
11. Smirnov D. A. Principles of Russian tax law: concept, formation, implementation: monograph / edited by Dr. of Law, prof. N. N. Khimicheva. – M.: Yurlitinform, 2011.
12. Stepnov I. M., Kovalchuk Yu. A. Digital challenges and tax fairness // Digital law. – 2020. – Vol. 1, No. 1.
13. Chepkasova A. O. The principle of fairness in taxation of digital nomads // Issues of Russian justice. – 2023. – No. 27.

BUSINESS LAW
SIRAZEEV Ravil Raidovich
Head of the Strategic Planning and Economic Development Department. Government of the Moscow Region
TRENDS AND PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF SUPPORT FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED BUSINESSES: LEGAL ASPECT
The purpose of the study is to reveal innovations in the field of legal regulation of small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs), to identify prospects for the development of legal regulators and the practice of entrepreneurial relations.
As a result of the study, trends in reducing public law restrictions, strengthening preventive mechanisms to prevent risks for entrepreneurs were identified. The introduction of compliance systems to digital platforms for supporting SMEs is proposed. The potential of special digital and financial instruments expanding the opportunities for entrepreneurs to participate in civil circulation is noted. The idea of forming an independent electronic trading platform in Russia, facilitating the entry of SMEs into international markets, is outlined. It was noted that further legal regulation of SME support should be based on the principle of unity and differentiation.
Keywords: small and medium-sized enterprises, SME, civil circulation, support, support measures, compliance, digital platforms.
Article bibliography
1. Allahverdiyev A. Kh. Legal regulation of compliance in trading activities: dis. … Cand. of Law. – Moscow, 2023. – 189 p.
2. Dolda N. I. Prospects for the internationalization of Russian small and medium-sized enterprises using online trading platforms // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2022. – No. 12 (175). – P. 416-418.
3. Zakharova N. V. Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship in developed countries: main features of development // Bulletin of the Russian State University for the Humanities. Series Economy. Management. Law. – 2020. – No. 4. – P. 88-102.
4. Klyuchnevskaya N. Trading on marketplaces: modern trends in judicial practice on disputes between an entrepreneur and an online platform. – Electronic resource. – Access mode: https://www.garant.ru/article/1620205/?ysclid=m31ibkw2q1185915867 (date of access: 05.11.2024).
5. Krupnov Yu. A. On the role of small and medium-sized businesses in the economy of modern Russia // Bulletin of Eurasian Science. – 2024. – V. 16. – No. 1.
6. Mikhailov A. V. Security of entrepreneurial activity: issues of legal regulation methods // Laws of Russia: experience, analysis, practice. – 2024. – No. 6. – P. 9-13.
7. Popondopulo V. F., Petrov D. A. Compliance as a legal instrument for minimizing risks and preventing offenses // Bulletin of the St. Petersburg State University. Law. – 2020. – No. 11. – P. 102-114.
8. Saydasheva M. V., Saydashev R. Z. Novels of legal support for Russian entrepreneurship in the context of restrictive measures // Bulletin of the University named after O. E. Kutafin. – 2023. – No. 8. – P. 29-39.
9. Sirazeev R. R. Features of intersectoral legal means of support for small and medium-sized businesses // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2024. – No. 8 (195). – P. 246-249.
10. Sirazeev R. R. Features of information and legal means of supporting small and medium-sized businesses // Modern law. – 2024. – No. 7. – P. 20-27.
11. Cheparina O. A. Legal risk management in the activities of an economic entity // LegalTech in the field of entrepreneurial activity: Monograph / Responsible. editors I. V. Ershova, O. V. Sushkova. – Moscow: Limited Liability Company “Prospect”, 2023. – P. 184-189.
12. Yunusov I. A., Chumarina G. R. State regulation of the activities of small and medium-sized businesses as an objective necessity // Bulletin of the Russian University of Cooperation. – 2022. – No. 2 (48). – pp. 91-96.

BUSINESS LAW
YUKHTANOVA Anastasiya Sergeevna
postgraduate student of Entrepreneurial and corporate law sub-faculty, O. E. Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)
A MANAGEMENT COMPANY AS A PARTICIPANT OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL ASPECT
The article deals with the issues of the legal position of the management company as a person exercising the powers of the sole executive body. The author provides doctrinal approaches to understanding its status, assessing the legal nature of the contract with it and its liability. The author considers the proposed approaches from the point of view of practical application in the corporate governance framework and offers reliable mechanisms for implementing the considered method of corporate governance through a management company.
Keywords: management company (organization), corporate governance, commercial entity, sole executive body
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Andreev V.K., Laptev V.A. Corporate law of modern Russia: Monograph. – M.: Prospect, 2017. – 352 p.
2. Gutnikov O. V. Contents of corporate relations // Journal of Russian Law. – 2013. – No. 1. – P. 26-39.
3. Dolinskaya V. V. Joint-Stock Law: Basic Provisions and Trends. – M.: Wolters Kluwer, 2006. – 736 p.
4. Laptev V. A. Liability of the Sole Executive Body of a Corporation and its Manager // Journal of Russian Law. – 2023. – No. 3. – P. 31-42.
5. Mogilevsky S. D. Legal basis for the activities of joint-stock companies. – M.: Delo, 2014. – 672 p.
6. Stepanov D. I. Company managing a business entity // Business and Law. – 2000. – No. 10. – P. 66-68.
7. Tychinskaya E. V. Agreement on the implementation of the functions of the sole executive body of a business entity // Ed. L. Yu. Mikheeva. – M., 2012. – 176 p.
8. Part one of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation of November 30, 1994 No. 51-FZ / Rossiyskaya Gazeta. – 1994. – December 8. – No. 238-239.
9. Federal Law of December 26, 1995 No. 208-FZ “On Joint-Stock Companies” / Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. – January 1, 1996. – No. 1. – Art. 1.
10. Federal Law of February 8, 1998 No. 14-FZ “On Limited Liability Companies” / Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. – February 16, 1998. – No. 7. – Art. 785.
11 . Federal Law of August 8, 2001 No. 129-FZ “On State Registration of Legal Entities and Individual Entrepreneurs” / Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, August 13, 2001 – No. 33 (Part I). – Art. 3431.
12 . Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of June 26, 2018 No. 27 “On challenging major transactions and transactions in which there is an interest” / Rossiyskaya Gazeta. – 2018. – No. 145.
13. Definition of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated December 13, 2017 No. 301-ES17-16245 case No. A31- 12051/2015 / SPS Consultant Plus.
14. Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Arbitration Court Courts of the Russian Federation of January 23, 2007 No. 11578/06/ SPS Consultant Plus.

CORPORATE LAW
CHATTAEV Azamat Ruslanovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Constitutional and civil law sub-faculty, Federal State University of Education, Moscow
GORDOPOLOV Yuriy Vladimirovich
Ph.D. in economical sciences, associate professor of Constitutional and civil law sub-faculty, Federal State University of Education, Moscow
ANDREEV Кirill Vladimirovich
magister student of Constitutional and civil law sub-faculty, Federal State University of Education, Moscow
CORPORATE LAW AND ITS IMPACT ON CONTRACTUAL RELATIONS: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
This article considers key aspects of interaction between corporate law and contractual relations, as well as their mutual influence on the activities of modern corporations. It analyzes the role of corporate law in creating conditions for effective contractual work and attempts to identify a number of major problems arising at the intersection of corporate and contract law as independent legal branches, among which the authors highlighted conflicts of interest, legal uncertainty and complexity of performance of obligations. The article offers possible solutions to overcome these problems, including recommendations to improve the regulatory framework, increase the transparency and flexibility of contractual mechanisms, and an attempt to integrate international experience. The results of the study emphasize the importance of understanding corporate processes to optimize contractual practices and ensure legal sustainability in the business environment.
Keywords: corporate law, contract law, contractual relations, corporation, protection of participants’ rights, economic impact, innovations in law, business environment.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Gribanov S. A. Corporate law: theoretical and practical aspects. – Moscow: Yurait, 2020. – 256 p.
2. Kuznetsova I. V. Contractual regulation in corporaterelations // Law and Economics. – 2021. – No. 4. – P. 45-50.
3. Leshchenko A. Yu. The influence of corporate law on the development of contractual relations // Journal of Russian Law. – 2019. – Vol. 30. No. 6. – P. 23-32. DOI: 10.17589/2309–8678-2019-6-23-32.
4. Mikhailov V. V. Corporate law and corporate culture. – St. Petersburg: Piter, 2021. – 180 p.
5. Fedosov I. A. Problems of applying corporate law in contractual practice // Russian justice. – 2022. – No. 11. – P. 12-18.
6. Sheveleva, N. E. Corporate disputes and their impact on contractual relations // Scientific notes. – 2020. – Vol. 52. No. 3. – P. 67-73.
7. Constitution of the Russian Federation: adopted by popular vote
December 12, 1993. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.constitution.ru (date of access: 09/22/2024).
8. Civil Code of the Russian Federation of November 30, 1994
No. 51-FZ. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_5142 (date of access: 09/22/2024).
9. Porokhovnik V. G., Gordopolov Yu. V. Failure to fulfill corporate obligations within the framework of corporate responsibility. – Text: direct // Young scientist. – 2022. – No. 51 (446). – pp. 540-544.

CORPORATE LAW
FEDOTOVA Irina Yurjevna
postgraduate student, Patrice Lumumba Peoples Friendship University of Russia
SOME ISSUES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF MAJOR TRANSACTIONS CARRIED OUT IN BUSINESS ENTITIES: THE EXPERIENCE OF RUSSIA AND PRIDNESTROVIE
The article examines the concept and distinctive features of a major transaction in the legislation of Pridnestrovie and the Russian Federation. Examples from case law have revealed common criteria for the interconnection of major transactions, examined issues related to classifying a transaction as part of the ordinary business activities of a company, as well as questions of terminology. The study of the specifics of regulating this type of extraordinary transactions led to the conclusion that more detailed legal regulation is necessary.
Keywords: major transaction, business entity, related transactions, ordinary business activity, extraordinary transaction, approval of the transaction, property of the company.
Article bibliographic list
1. Shitkina I. S. Transactions of business entities requiring corporate approval. – Moscow: Statut, 2020. – 226 p.
2. Makovskaya A. A. Procedure for approving major transactions by a joint-stock company. – Moscow: Legal Literature, 2016. – 164 p.
3. Sokolova E. S. International accounting and financial reporting standards. – Moscow: Eurasian Open Institute, 2011. – 186 p.

LAND LAW
BELOPLOTOV Anton Olegovich
postgraduate student of Land, urban planning and environmental law sub-faculty, V. F. Yakovlev Ural State Law University, Yekaterinburg
REGISTRY ERRORS IN THE CADASTRAL REGISTRATION OF LINEAR OBJECTS
The article discusses the problematic aspects of the occurrence and elimination of registry errors in the cadastral registration of linear objects. The author substantiates that the correction of a registry error in relation to a linear object affects the rights of the rightholder of the relevant land plot due to the presence, as a general rule, of a limited proprietary right, as well as the current ZOUIT regime in relation to the land plot.
The author highlights the main ways to protect the law when identifying registry errors in the cadastral registration of linear objects.
Keywords: linear object, real estate object, linear amnesty, zones with special conditions for the use of the territory, easement, public easement.
Article bibliography
1. Beloplotov A. O. On the issue of unauthorized construction of linear objects // Eurasian Law Journal. 2024. No. 7 (194). P. 280-283.
2. Gusev A. O. On some features of legal disputes on the correction of registry errors // Information and analytical journal “Arbitration Disputes”. 2020. No. 1. P. 78-102.
3. Gusev A. O. On legal disputes related to the correction of errors contained in the Unified State Register of Real Estate (on a claim to correct a registry error) // Arbitration Disputes. 2024. No. 1. P. 129-151.
4. Zolotova O. A. On the issue of the concept and types of zones with special conditions for the use of territories // Environmental Law. 2020. No. 3. P. 9-13.
5. Motlokhova E. A. Claim for correction of cadastral error as a way to protect property rights // Property relations in the Russian Federation. 2015. No. 7. P. 71-83.
6. Ovchinnikova A. G. Classification of errors in the information of the state real estate cadastre on land plots // News of universities “Geodesy and aerial photography”. 2013. No. 2. P.. 90-95.
7. Totochenko D. A. Disputes related to the correction of cadastral errors // Jurist. 2017. No. 20. P. 31-35.
8. Khamidullin M. T. Development of a land plot occupied by other people’s utility networks // Economy and Law. 2023. No. 4. P. 88-97.
9. Usachev V. Problematic aspects of geodetic (cartographic) support for cadastral registration of real estate // Land Bulletin. 2011. No. 6.

LAND LAW
DVORTSEVAYA Anna Vladimirovna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, Head of Social and humanitarian disciplines sub-faculty, Lugansk branch, Voronezh Institute of MIA of Russia
VOLKOVA Galina Ivanovna
senior lecturer of Social and humanitarian disciplines sub-faculty, Lugansk branch, Voronezh Institute of MIA of Russia
LEGAL ASPECTS OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
The article examines various forms of public participation in environmental protection, examines the state of legal regulation in this area, substantiates the need for public control in the field of the environment, and makes proposals to improve certain aspects of legal support for public participation in the protection and rational use of natural resources, ensuring environmental safety.
Keywords: public, environmental protection, environmental legislation, referendum, public control, public inspectors, public hearings, environmental information, environmental awareness.
Article bibliography
1. Bogolyubov S. A. Actual problems of environmental law. – M.: Yurait, 2021. – P. 498.
2. Vershok I. L. On environmental legal awareness // State and Law. – 2003. – No. 3. – P. 42.
3. Efimova E. I. Development of the institute of “environmental law and responsibility” in environmental and legal studies // Environmental law. – 2012. – No. 5. – P. 162-167.
4. Lall J. Media, communications, culture: Global approach / Translated from English. – K.: KIS. – 2015. – P.32.

ECOLOGICAL LAW
MARTINCHUK Nikita Alexandrovich
magister student, Higher School of Law and Forensic Technical Expertise, Humanitarian Institute, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
OVCHINNIKOVA Darya Dmitrievna
magister student, Higher School of Law and Forensic Technical Expertise, Humanitarian Institute, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
ZHDANOV Mikhail Alexeevich
magister student, Higher School of Law and Forensic Technical Expertise, Humanitarian Institute, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
THE ROLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL INSURANCE AS A WAY TO ENSURE COMPENSATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE: PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS
This article reveals the role of environmental insurance in ensuring compensation for environmental damage in Russia. The problems of the institute’s development are analyzed: the lack of an appropriate legal basis, imperfection of legal regulation, the diversity of types of environmental damage, the lack of a unified approach to assessing insurance risks. The problem of insufficient insurance premiums to cover large-scale payments in case of major accidents is emphasized.
Keywords: environmental insurance, compulsory and voluntary environmental insurance, environmental insurance issues.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Akimova K. S., Afanasyev D. A. Legal regulation of environmental insurance in the Russian Federation // Diary of Science. – 2020. – No. 5 (41). – P. 71-76.
2. Belova T. A. Environmental insurance – as a way to ensure environmental safety // Enigma. – 2020. – No. 28-2. – P. 84-90.
3. Zhochkina I. N., Pugachev O. V. Some theoretical issues of environmental insurance in the Russian Federation // Problems of Economics and Legal Practice. – 2021. – No. 3. – P. 280-284.
4. Magomedova R. M. Some problems of development of the institution of environmental insurance // Legal fact. – 2022. – No. 166. – P. 19-21.
5. Nemtsurova E. M. Problems of development of the mechanism of environmental insurance in the Russian Federation // Colloquium-journal. – 2020. – No. 10-10 (62). – P. 36-39.
6. Ryazanova A. S. Insurance in environmental law: problems and solutions // Jurisprudence in theory and practice: current issues and modern aspects. Collection of articles of the IV International scientific and practical conference. – Penza, 2020. – P. 117-120.

ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
PLACHINDA Mariya Dmitrievna
postgraduate student of Environmental and land law sub-faculty, Faculty of Law, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, senior legal adviser of JSC «SITRONICS»
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR ATMOSPHERIC AIR PROTECTION: EXPERIENCE AND PROSPECTS FOR THEIR IMPLEMENTATION IN RUSSIAN LEGISLATION
This article studies the classification of atmospheric air as an object of legal protection. The main criteria for identifying objects of legal protection are studied, the requirements imposed on certain institutions for the purposes of defining them as an object of legal protection are analyzed, and the most significant principles of protecting atmospheric air as an object of legal protection are highlighted . The key problems that legal regulation of atmospheric air currently faces are highlighted, and ways to solve them are proposed.
Keywords: atmospheric air, legal regulation, foreign legal regulation, responsibility, reduction of emissions into the atmosphere.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Broslavsky L.I. State environmental control in China // Journal of Russian Law. – 2010. – 73 p.
2. Kopylov M. N. The right to development and environmental safety of developing countries (international legal aspects). – M., 2012. – 85 p.

CRIMINAL LAW
BAYGUBATOVA Nadira Rahimbekovna
Ph.D. in Law, junior researcher, Institute of Strategic Analysis and Forecast, B. N. Yeltsin Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University
ESENBEKOVA Аsiya Тashtanbekovna
Ph.D. in Law, assistant professor
ON THE DEFINITION OF THE CONCEPT OF RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM
The article addresses the challenges of defining religious extremism, which is a key aspect in shaping the system of national security and legal regulation. The authors analyze various scientific approaches to the definition and classification of religious extremism in the context of its cross-disciplinary nature. It is noted that the absence of a unified scientific approach complicates the legal qualification of manifestations of extremism. The study highlights the characteristic features of religious extremism and its impact on social and political institutions. Special attention is paid to the legal aspects of combating extremism international practice, taking into account modern trends, such as the emergence of new forms of religious extremism and the legalization of previously prohibited ones, for example, the Taliban movement. The necessity of distinguishing a specific phenomenology as “religious criminal extremism” is substantiated, indicating its typical forms.
Keywords: extremism, religion, national security, religious extremism, problems, extremist ideology, motivation of extremism.
Article bibliography
1. Ryazanov D.S. Religious extremism, religious-political extremism and religious fundamentalism: general, special, singular // Bulletin of the Irkutsk State University. Series: Political Science. Religious Studies. – 2014. – Vol. 7. – P. 177-184.
2. Dvoryanov V. A. Political Extremism in Central Europe // Terrorism and Political Extremism: Challenges and Search for Adequate Responses. – M.: Institute of Political and Military Analysis – 2002. – P. 47-48.
3. Zabiyako A. P. Religious Extremism // Religious Studies. Encyclopedia. Dictionary. – M., 2006. – 1256 p.
4. Yavorsky M.A. Causes and conditions of manifestations of religious extremism in modern Russia // Legal world. – 2008. – No. 11. – P. 22-24.
5. Zabarchuk E.L. Religious extremism as one of the threats to the security of Russian statehood // Journal of Russian Law. – 2008. – No. 6. – P. 3-10.
6. Skvortsova T. A. Religious extremism in the context of state and legal support for national security of modern Russia: diss. … candidate of legal sciences. – Rostov-on-Don, 2004. – 177 p.
7. Petryanin A. V. Counteracting extremist crimes: criminal-legal and criminological aspects: diss. … Doctor of Law. – M., 2014. – 501 p.
8. Nasritdinov E., Esenamanova N. Religious Security in the Kyrgyz Republic. – Bishkek, 2014. – 64 p.
9. Heathershaw D., Montgomery D. The Myth of Islamic Radicalization in republics of Central Asia in the post-Soviet period. Program “Russia-Eurasia”, 2014. – 22 p.
10. Aliev A.K., Arukhov Z.S., Khanbabaev K.M. Religious and political extremism and ethno-confessional tolerance in the North Caucasus. – M., 2007. – 582 p.
11. Satpayev D. A. The problem of the spread of religious extremism: analysis of global trends // Problems of religious extremism in Central Asia: collection of materials from the international conference of the Kazakhstan Institute of Strategic Studies. – Almaty, 2001. – P. 45-46.

CRIMINAL LAW
BICHENOVA Anna Rolandievna
senior lecturer of Criminal law disciplines sub-faculty, Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
KEROPYAN Manushak Oganesovna
cadet of the 4th course, of the 1st platoon, Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
PUBLIC OPINION ON VIOLENT CRIMES AND MEASURES TO COMBAT IT
This article is devoted to the consideration of public opinion on violent crimes and measures to combat it. It presents the types of violent crimes and measures to combat violence, as well as problems related to the prevention and elimination of violent crimes. In addition, the article illustrates the main methods of general prevention of violent crime.
Keywords: violence, psychological consequences, crime prevention, criminal.
Article bibliography
1. Research article: “Correction of the condemned as a measure to prevent violent crimes” // 2021. – P. 3.
2. Article: “Measures to prevent violent crimes” // 2022. – P. 2.
3. Scientific article: Kudryashov A.V. “Theory and practice of combating crime” // 2022. – P. 89-96.

CRIMINAL LAW
VLADIMIROVA OksanaAlexeevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Civil law disciplines sub-faculty, Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
CRIMES AGAINST THE SEXUAL INTEGRITY OF MINORS COMMITTED WITH OR WITHOUT VIOLENCE
The article is dedicated to the study of crimes against the sexual integrity of minors. The author draws attention to the classification of these crimes on the basis of: they were committed with or without violence. In this regard, the analysis of signs of physical as well as mental violence is given. The factor of the helpless condition of a minor and the causes of such a condition are considered. The article contains a detailed study of the normative material, as well as examples of situations from law enforcement practice, statistical data.
Keywords: minor, crime, use of violence, helpless state, sexual integrity .
Article bibliography
1. Ismailov E.E. Some issues on defining the object of rape // Eurasian scientific journal. 2019. No. 3. P. 10.
2. Kornakova S. V. Qualification of violent crimes of a sexual nature committed by minors against minors // Works of the Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2018. No. 1. P. 7.
3. Kruchinina N. V., Babaeva E. U., Smakhtin E. V. Methodology for investigating individual types of crimes against the individual. Tyumen: LitRes, 2017. 503 p.
4. Parshin N. M. Prevention of sexual crimes committed against minors: Dissertation for the degree of candidate of legal sciences. Saratov: Saratov State Law Academy, 2019. 130 p.
5. Shipovskaya V. V. Psychological phenomenon of helplessness // South-Russian Journal of Social Sciences. 2009. No. 1. P. 9.

CRIMINAL LAW
GANTEMIROV Kazbek Rustamovich
Secretary of the court session, Krasnodar Regional Court
THE SUBJECTIVE SIDE OF CRIMES AGAINST OBJECTS OF PATENT RIGHTS: APPROACHES TO DETERMINING GUILT
Purpose: to study formulated scientific approaches to determining guilt in cases of crimes against objects of patent rights aimed at a comprehensive understanding of the mental state of the guilty person.
Methods: the universal method of cognition in the form of a dialectical approach, general scientific methods of cognition, as well as private scientific methods in the form of logical and systematic analysis.
Results: foreign scientists have developed ways to determine the subjective side of crimes against objects of patent rights, which can complement or even develop the domestic science of criminal law within the framework of this research topic. This is the ratio of the damage caused to intent, the ratio of the subject of the crime and illegal actions, the assessment of the likelihood of risks of patent infringement compared with precautionary measures, as well as the identification of the intent to commit a violation rather than provoke it.
Conclusions: determining guilt in cases of crimes against objects of patent rights is a complex issue that requires a deep understanding of the subjective side of these crimes. The analysis of various approaches provides a comprehensive basis for understanding the mental state of the perpetrator, as well as identifies problems and limitations in determining it due to the specifics of the nature of patent law and its combination with the provisions of criminal law. With further elaboration, this topic may be of practical importance for law enforcement and judicial authorities.
Keywords: objects of patent rights, subjective side, guilt, mental state, Article 147 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.
Article bibliographic list
1. On the practice of considering criminal cases by courts on violation of copyright, related, invention and patent rights, as well as on illegal use of a trademark: Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Courts of the Russian Federation of April 26, 2007 No. 14 // SPS “ConsultantPlus”. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_68054/ (date of access: 09/25/2024).
2. Dmitry Karshtedt, Causal Responsibility and Patent Infringement // Vanderbilt Law Review. – Vol. 70. – Iss. 1. – Article 3, 2019. – Рp. 565-649.
3. Jason A. Rantanen, An Objective View of Fault in Patent Infringement // American University Law Review. – Vol. 60. – Iss. 1. – Article 1, 2011. – Рp. 1575-1633.
4. Lynda J. Oswald, The Intent Element of Induction to Infringe under Patent Law: Reflections on Grokster // Mich. Telecomm. & Tech. L.Rev. – Vol. 13. – Iss. 1. – Article 6. – Рp. 225-246.
5. Timothy R. Holbrook, The Intent Element of Induced Infringement // Santa Clara High Tech. L.J. – Vol. 22. – Iss. 3. – Article 2, 2006. – Rp. 399-412.

CRIMINAL LAW
KABAKOVA Ekaterina Sergeevna
lecturer of Forensic science sub-faculty, Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy of the EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk
LITVINOV Roman Viktorovich
lecturer of Forensic science sub-faculty, Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy of the EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk
DOLGUSHINA Lyubov Viktorovna
Ph.D. in chemical sciences, associate professor, Head of Forensic science sub-faculty, Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy of the EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk
PECULIARITIES OF CRIMINAL SITUATION IN CONNECTION WITH THE TRAFFICKING OF WEAPONS ILLEGALLY TRANSFERRED FROM THE SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION (SMO) ZONE
In the context of modern geopolitical realities, the issue of illegal arms trafficking is becoming increasingly relevant. This problem is especially acute against the backdrop of a special military operation, which inevitably increases the risk of illegal weapons proliferation. The situation is complicated by the fact that large volumes of weapons are delivered to the conflict zone, and some of them, being captured, fall into the hands not only of combatants, but also of criminal elements initiating illegal actions and worsening public safety. In addition, when analyzing the problem of illegal arms trafficking in the context of special operations, it is important to take into account the economic, social and political factors that contribute to its aggravation. Military actions often lead to the destruction of infrastructure, forced migration of part of the population and changes in people’s living conditions, can contribute to the weakening of law and order, which in turn can create favorable conditions for the development of the illegal arms market. All this can contribute to the financing of terrorism, the escalation of interethnic and interfaith conflicts.
Keywords: illegal arms trafficking, arms sales, criminal liability, illegal weapons, public safety, prevention, special military operation.
Article bibliographic list
1. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of 13.06.1996 No. 63-FZ (as amended on 08.08.2024).
2. Federal Law of 13.12.1996 N 150-FZ “On Weapons” (as amended on 08.08.2024).
3. Criminal Law of Russia. Special Part. In 2 volumes. Volume 2. Textbook / Ed. O. S. . Capinus. – M., 2015.
4. “SVO weapons flowed to the regions. Non-brothers “gifted” Russia with another problem.” [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://kemerovo.tsargrad.tv/news/oruzhie -svo-poteklo-v-regiony-nebratja-odarili-rossiju-eshhjo-odnoj-problemoj_959862 (date of access: 08.10.2024).

CRIMINAL LAW
KNYAZEVA OLGA VASILJEVNA
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Theory of state and law, international and European law sub-faculty, Academy of the FPS of Russia
ANALYSIS OF STUDIES OF THE PERSONALITY OF CONVICTS IN THEORETICAL SOURCES: CRITICAL EVALUATION AND BRIEF CHARACTERISTICS
Modern penal legislation is aimed at the development of the penal correctional system, as well as the improvement of educational, psychological and social work with convicts. Taking into account these circumstances, it seems necessary to make changes in the existing forms of social work, to introduce new methods and techniques, as well as to improve the methods related to the comprehensive study of the personality of convicts in need of social assistance.
Keywords: society, convict, post-penitentiary period, crime, criminal behavior, prevention.
Article bibliography
1. Goneev A. D. ., Lifintseva N. I., Yalpaeva N. V., Slastenin V. A. Fundamentals of correctional pedagogy: Textbook for students of higher pedagogical educational institutions. – 2nd ed., revised. – M.: Publishing center “Academy”, 2013. – P. 272.
2. Rogovenko Ya. S. Destructive actions of convicts as prerequisites for the commission of group excesses in correctional colonies // Theoretical and practical issues of penitentiary pedagogy and psychology. Collection . scientific article – Cheboksary: Publishing house of ChSU, 2019. – P. 168-172.

CRIMINAL LAW
LAVROV Vladimir Vladimirovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal and criminal-executive law, Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the MIA of Russia
DVORYANOV Ilya Borisovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of International police cooperation and countering crime via the channels of Interpol sub-faculty, All-Russian Institute for Advanced Training of Employees of the MIA of Russia
THE MAINSTREAM DIMENSIONS OF DOMESTIC CRIMINAL POLICY AT THE MODERN STAGE
The article examines those areas of the modern criminal policy that, according to the authors, are becoming the mainstream ones under current conditions due to the fact that they are becoming immensely important in the struggle against various antisocial behaviors in a wide range – from acquisitive crimes to extremism. The authors also suggest some modalities for the use of criminal law remedies in order to achieve the goals of ensuring the rule of law and order in certain areas.
Keywords: mainstream dimensions of criminal policy, criminal law remedies, modality for the use of legal remedies.

CRIMINAL LAW
LARIONOV Alexander Vitaljevich
senior lecturer of Criminal, penal law and the organization of the execution of punishments not related to the isolation of convicts from the society sub-faculty, Perm Institute of the FPS of Russia
IMPROVING PUNISHMENT IN THE FORM OF DEPRIVATION OF THE RIGHT TO HOLD CERTAIN POSITIONS OR ENGAGE IN CERTAIN ACTIVITIES
The article discusses problematic aspects related to issues of legal regulation and the content of punishment in the form of deprivation of the right to hold certain positions or engage in certain activities. The expediency of fixing the punishment in terms of “deprivation of the right to hold certain positions” and the validity of the term “other activity” in the content of the punishment is questioned. A gap in the legislation is the lack of responsibility of convicts for non-compliance with the requirements of the court’s verdict on the prescribed prohibition, which indicates insufficient provision of legal instruments for the execution of punishment. Other problems arising from the application of norms governing the punishment of deprivation of the right to hold certain positions or engage in certain activities are raised and solutions are proposed.
Keywords: criminal punishment, deprivation of the right to hold certain positions or engage in certain activities, sentencing, execution of punishment.
Article bibliography
1. Valeev M. T. Properties of criminal punishment in light of the theory of penalization: dissertation abstract for the degree of candidate of legal sciences. – Tomsk, 2005. – 25 p.
2. Dyadkin D. S. On the problem of formalization of the punishment system // Russian investigator. – 2006. – No. 8. – P. 46-49.
3. Podroikina, I. A. On the issue of the consequences of evading serving criminal sentences // Historical and socio-educational thought. – 2015. – V. 7. No. 6-1. – P. 179-182.
4. Zhikulina A. S., Rakhvalova N. A., Rakhmatulin Z. R. “Maliciousness” as a sign of a crime under Article 314 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation // Modern Science. – 2020. – No. 2-1. – P. 160-165.

CRIMINAL LAW
MIRZAEV Zakir Mukailovich
Ph .D. in Law, associate professor of Legal disciplines sub-faculty, Faculty of Management and Law, R. Gamzatov Dagestan State Pedagogical University, Makhachkala
MIRZAEVA Zeynab Zakirovna
senior lecturer of Legal disciplines sub-faculty, Faculty of Management and Law, R. Gamzatov Dagestan State Pedagogical University, Makhachkala
MUSAEV Kazbek Batyrovich
Ph.D. in Law, senior lecturer of Law disciplines sub-faculty, Dagestan State University, branch in Izberbash
GENERAL ISSUES OF CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR INFANTICIDE
The article examines the main aspects of criminal liability for infanticide, including the legal definition of this crime, its qualifying features and features of law enforcement practice. The factors influencing the qualification of the act as infanticide, such as the mental state, the mother, social conditions and motives for committing the crime, are analyzed.
The article aims to identify gaps in the current legislation and develop recommendations for its improvement to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement and prevention of such crimes.
Keywords: Mother’s murder of a newborn child, neonaticide, filicide.
Article bibliography
1. Zakirov A. R., Sharafullina E. M. The importance of the mental state of a mother accused of murdering a newborn child in a traumatic situation // Symbol of Science. – 2022. – No. 4-2. – [Electronic resource] . – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/znachenie-psihicheskogo-sostoyanie-materi-obvinyaemoy-v-ubiystve-novorozhdennogo-rebenka-v-usloviyah-psihotravmiruyuschey-situatsii (date of access: 02.03.2024).
2. Martynov Yu. Yu. Actual problems of defining the subject, provided for by Art. 106 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation – the murder of a newborn child by a mother // Science Time. – 2016. – No. 3 (27). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode : https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/aktualnye-problemy-opredeleniya-subekta-predusmotrennogo-st-106-uk-rf-ubiystvo-materyu-novorozhdennogo-rebenka (date of access: 27.02.2024).
3. Chochueva Z. A. Some issues of qualification of subjective signs of murder of a newborn child by a mother // Law and Practice. – 2018. – No. 4. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nekotorye-voprosy-kvalifikatsii-subektivnyh-priznakov-ubiystva-materyu-novorozhdennogo-rebenka (date of access: 01.03.2024).
4. Shcherban A. I. On the issue of problems of correct qualification of murder of a newborn child by a mother // Eurasian Union of Scientists. – 2018. – No. 11-3 (56). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/k-voprosu-problem-pravilnoy-kvalifikatsii-ubiystva-materyu-novorozhdennogo-rebenka (date of access: 06.02.2024).

CRIMINAL LAW
OLIFIRENKO Ekaterina Pavlovna
Ph.D. in political sciences, associate professor of Criminal law and process sub-faculty, North Caucasus State Academy, Cherkessk
SPECIFICS OF PROSECUTORIAL SUPERVISION OVER THE IMPLEMENTATION OF LEGISLATION IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL PROJECT “HEALTHCARE” (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE KARACHAY-CHERKESS REPUBLIC)
The article examines the specifics of the implementation of the national project “Healthcare”, the powers and functions of the prosecutor’s office in the sphere of law enforcement during their implementation. The specifics of the stated problem are disclosed by the author using the example of a specific subject of the Russian Federation, the Karachay-Cherkess Republic. The author pays attention to the disclosure of issues of legal regulation of this national project, the identification of problematic aspects of its implementation by the supervisory authority, and coverage of the most common groups of violations. The content of the article also identifies a number of areas for further development and improvement of prosecutorial supervision in healthcare.
Keywords: prosecutorial supervision, prosecutorial authorities, national project, health care, population, health, medical care.
Article bibliography
1. Prosecutor’s supervision of compliance with the rights of citizens to health protection and medical care: scientific and practical manual / N. D. But et al.; Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation; University of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation. – M., 2022. – P. 25.
2. Prosecutor’s supervision of the implementation of laws in the implementation of national projects: information and analytical review. – M.: Research Institute of UP RF, 2021. – P. 14-17.
3. Trukhin A. S. Supervision over the implementation of legislation on the quality and availability of medical care // Legality. – 2014. – No. 7. – P. 17-19.
4. Cheremisina N. V., Ivlev M. I., Talaev D. D. Healthcare of Russia as a factor of national security // Socio-economic phenomena and processes. – 2014. – No. 12. – P. 194.
5. Sheregova F. Kh. Prosecutor’s supervision over the implementation of legislation on the rights of citizens to medical care: abstract of dis. … candidate of legal sciences. – Moscow, 2009. – 31 p.
6. Shibina A. V. Prosecutor’s supervision of compliance with citizens’ rights to health protection: abstract of dis. … candidate of legal sciences. – M., 2018. – 29 p.

CRIMINAL LAW
SAKAEVA Rezeda Ramilevna
lecturer of Civil law disciplines sub-faculty, Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
PROBLEMS OF RUSSIAN PROCUREMENT: CRIMINAL LEGAL ASPECT
The system of state and municipal procurement (contract system for the procurement of goods, works, services to meet state and municipal needs) is one of the areas of functioning of institutions of the Russian Federation, financed from the federal budget, the budget of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, and the municipal budget. Every year, more and more attention is paid to reforming and improving the efficiency of the acquisition of goods, works and services for the needs of state and municipal institutions. In order to strengthen legal liability for crimes in this area, in 2017-2018 the most socially dangerous acts related to violations in the field of procurement were criminalized (Article 200.4-200.6 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation).
However, the practice of qualifying crimes under these articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is practically absent, which indicates the difficulties in the process of proving this category of cases.
Keywords: subject of crime, public procurement, criminal liability for violations in the field of public procurement, contract system, official.
Article bibliographic list
1. Dzharimov S. A. Procurement as an element of effective state regulation of the economy // Today and tomorrow of the Russian economy. – 2010. – No. 34. – P. 57-59.
2. Solostina T. A. Audit in the field of procurement in the development of a new system of state procurement // Bulletin of the Russian New University. Series: Man and Society. – 2019. – No. 3. – P. 73-79.
3. Kostyukov P. S., Korenyak N. N. Methods of combating fraud and corruption in procurement // Modern problems of economic science: Collection of articles / Editorial board: V. Ya. Andrukhova, O. V. Arkhipkin. Volume Issue 3. – Irkutsk: Irkutsk State University, 2017. – P. 119-124/
4. Explanatory note “To the draft federal law “On Amendments to the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and Article 151 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation” The text of the document is presented in accordance with the publication on the website. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://sozd.parlament.gov.ru/
5. Stepanova E. E. Digitalization of public procurement as a way to combat corruption in the procurement sphere // Digitalization of market relations: issues of economics and law: collection of scientific papers of the II All-Russian scientific and practical conference, Moscow, March 25, 2021 / Ed. B. V. Yatselenko; All-Russian State University of Justice (RPA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia) ”. – Moscow: Limited Liability Company “Prospect”, 2021. – P. 39-44.

CRIMINAL LAW
SEYFETDINOVA Ekaterina Irekovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal law and special disciplines sub-faculty, Moscow Humanitarian University
CRIMINAL AND LEGAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMES THAT INFRINGE ON THE INFORMATION SECURITY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The author analyzes the elements of crimes of that infringe on the information security of society and the state. The necessity of criminalizing acts that cause harm in the field of information security is substantiated. Clarifications are provided on the issues of law enforcement of the mentioned compositions. A personal assessment of the existing official doctrines on this issue is given. It is recommended to be guided by the explanations of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on the dissemination of information, the falsity of the disseminated information.
Keywords: public safety, information, dissemination of false information, interests of society and the state, the Internet.
Article bibliography
1. Konin V.V., Korsakov K.A., Sidorenko E.V. Some issues related to crimes aimed at the public dissemination of knowingly false information (Articles 207.1, 207.2, 207.3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) // Siberian criminal procedure and forensic readings. – 2023. – No. 2. – P. 18.
2. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 5, 2016 N 646 “On approval of the Doctrine of Information Security of the Russian Federation”.
3. Trakhov A. I., Beshukova Z. M. Dissemination of knowingly false information (Articles 207. 1 and 207. 2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation): new crimes with a public element. Theory and practice of social development. – 2020. – No. 6 (148). – P. 79.
4. Gordeychik S. A. Criminal liability for public dissemination of knowingly false information // Russian Justice. – 2020. – No. 6. – P. 72.
5. Lutsenko E. P. Criminal liability for fakes under current legislation // Law and Management. – 2022. – No. 10. – P. 146.
6. Balekina V. M. The concept of knowingly false information disseminated under the guise of reliable messages // Administrative and municipal law. – 2022. – No. 2. – P. 8.
7. Malyshev K. S. Features of the criminal-legal assessment of the subject of the crimes provided for in Articles 207.1, 207.2 and 207.3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation // Bulletin of the Ural Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2024. – No. 1 (41). – P. 152.

CRIMINAL LAW
SERKEROV Samur Elmirovich
Ph.D. in Law, Head of Legal disciplines and teaching methods sub-faculty, Faculty of Management and Law, R. Gamzatov Dagestan State Pedagogical University, Makhachkala
ABDULMUTALIMOVA Zamira Magomedovna
Ph.D. in political sciences, associate professor of Legal disciplines and teaching methods sub-faculty, Faculty of Management and Law, R. Gamzatov Dagestan State Pedagogical University, Makhachkala
GASANALIEVA Karavany Magomedramazanovna
competitor of Legal disciplines and teaching methods sub-faculty, Faculty of Management and Law, R. Gamzatov Dagestan State Pedagogical University, Makhachkala
CRIMINAL LIABILITY AS A TYPE OF LEGAL LIABILITY
Criminal liability occupies a special place in the system of legal liability, which is due to the importance of objects protected by criminal law and the specifics of criminal legal impact.
In this article, it can be noted that in recent years a large number of monographic studies have appeared, either directly devotedto the problems of criminal liability, or exploring its essential, formal aspects. This circumstance is explained by the fact that any criminal law problem is somehow connected with criminal liability and its grounds. The article examines the principles specified by the legislator in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, assesses the advantages and disadvantages of their legislative definitions. It also analyzes various legal ideas that can be included in their content.
Keywords: legal liability, offense, criminal liability.
Article bibliography
1. Constitution of the Russian Federation. Adopted by popular vote on 25.12.1993 // SPS “ConsultantPlus”.
2. Criminal Code of the Russian Federation of June 13, 1996 No. 63-F3 (as amended on 2.10.2024) // SPS “ConsultantPlus”.
3. Baichorov S. I. Criminal liability and its grounds // Young scientist. – 2014. – No. 10 (69). – P. 302-305. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://moluch.ru/archive/69/11822/ (date of access: 10.10.2024).
4. Criminal law. Special part: textbook for universities / A. V. Naumov [et al.] – 6th ed., revised. and additional. – Moscow: Publishing house Yurait, 2024. – 564 p. – (Higher education). – ISBN 978-5-534-18550-8 // Educational platform Yurait [website]. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://urait.ru/bcode/535355 (date of access: 10.10.2024).
5. Ageeva E. A. Legal liability in public administration: (social and legal aspect). – SPb.: LSU, 2008. – P. 125.

CRIMINAL LAW
STUPINA Svetlana Alexandrovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Forensic science sub-faculty, Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy of the EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk
ON CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR INFORMATION SUPPORT OR FINANCING OF THE ACTIVITIES OF A FOREIGN AGENT OR A FOREIGN OR INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION IN RESPECT OF WHICH A DECISION HAS BEEN MADE TO DECLARE ITS ACTIVITIES UNDESIRABLE ON THE TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article analyzes the provisions of criminal legislation in terms of responsibility for information support or financing of the activities of a foreign agent or a foreign or international organization, in respect of which a decision was made to recognize its activities undesirable in the territory of the Russian Federation in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation. Special attention is paid to the composition of the crime provided for in Part 2 of Article 284.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. In addition, the possibility of determining the responsibility of foreign agents was considered.
As a result, the author formulated proposals justifying the need to improve criminal policy in terms of countering socially dangerous activities of these individuals and organizations.
Keywords: crime, foreign agents, organizations against which a decision has been made to declare undesirable on the territory of the Russian Federation, financing, information support as a method of crime.
Article bibliographic list
1. Vasilchenko K. V. The prosecutor’s decision to recognize the activities of a foreign or international non-governmental organization as undesirable on the territory of the Russian Federation // Bulletin of the University of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation. – 2022. – No. 6 (92). – P. 87-93.
2. Tereshkov N. V. On the issue of the objective side of financing the activities of an undesirable foreign or international non-governmental organization (Part 2 of Article 284.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) // Criminalist. – 2023. – No. 1 (42). – P. 40-44.
3. Gubko V. A. Criminal and administrative liability for the activities of an organization recognized as undesirable // Criminal Law. – 2022. – No. 9 (145). – P. 10-18.
4. Khlebushkin A. G. Criminal-legal policy of the Russian Federation in the sphere of protection of the foundations of the constitutional system: specialty 12.00.08 “Criminal law and criminology; criminal-executive law”: dis. … doctor of law. sciences. – Saint Petersburg, 2016. – 480 p.
5. Dolgieva M. M., Dolgiev M. M. Administrative prejudice of criminal liability of foreign agents // Bulletin of Tomsk State University. – 2023. – No. 490. – P. 192-197.

CRIMINAL LAW
KHMELEV Sergey Alexandrovich
Ph.D. in Law, lecturer of Preliminary investigation sub-faculty, V. Ya. Kikot Moscow University of the MIA of Russia, retired colonel of police
KHMELEVA Zlatoslava Alexandrovna
senior lecturer of Criminal Law sub-faculty, V. Ya. Kikot Moscow University of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant of police
KHMELEVA Margarita Sergeevna
investigator of the 10th Department of the Investigative Unit Main Directorate of the Main Directorate of the MIA of Russia for Moscow, captain of justice
GROUNDS FOR TERMINATION OF PROCEEDINGS IN CRIMINAL CASES RELATED TO ILLEGAL TRAFFICKING IN WEAPONS, EXPLOSIVES, EXPLOSIVE DEVICES
In the article, the authors analyze the grounds, causes and conditions that contribute to the adoption of decisions to terminate proceedings and criminal prosecution in criminal cases related to illegal trafficking in weapons, explosives, and explosive devices. Based on the analysis of current criminal and criminal procedural legislation, statistical data, as well as materials from judicial and investigative practice, recommendations have been developed to eliminate the reasons for the unreasonable termination of criminal cases and criminal prosecution in the field of illegal trafficking in weapons, explosives and explosive devices.
Keywords: illegal trafficking, weapons, explosives, explosive devices, investigator, suspension, termination, criminal prosecution, investigative actions.
Article bibliography list
1. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 2, 2021 No. 400 “On the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation” // Official Internet portal of legal information. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.pravo.gov.ru (date of access: 04.06.2024).
2. Federal Law of 12.08.1995 No. 144-FZ “On operational-search activities” // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. 1995. No. 33. Article 3349.
3. Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated 11/13/2023 No. 52-P “On the case of verifying the constitutionality of paragraph 2 of the notes to Article 222.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in connection with with a request from the Vichuga City Court of the Ivanovo Region” // Official Internet Portal of Legal Information. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.pravo.gov.ru (date accessed: 06.06.2024).
4 . Statistics. Crime situation in Russia for January-December 2022, 2023. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://мвд.рф/folder/101762 (date of access: 06/24/2024).
5. Popenkov A.V . Compliance with the deadlines for familiarizing the accused with the decision to appoint a forensic examination // Bulletin. State and Law. – 2020. – No. 27. – P. 54-55. – EDN QTALKQ.
6. Nuikin S. Yu. On the legal status and procedural independence of the investigator // Problems of forensic science and criminal proceedings in modern conditions: Collection of articles from the International Scientific and Practical Conference, Moscow, October 25, 2021. – Moscow: IP Chernyaeva Yu. I., 2021. – P. 97-102. – EDN NTGRRC.
7. Resolution of the Arkhangelsk Garrison Military Court on the termination of criminal case No. 123011110005… (criminal prosecution against K.A.S.) dated 05/30/2023 located in the archive of the Arkhangelsk Garrison Military Court.
8. The verdict of the Sengileevsky District Court of the Ulyanovsk Region in criminal case No. 12201730009… dated 06/27/2023 against K.V.P. located in the archive of the Sengileevsky District Court of the Ulyanovsk Region.
9. Resolution on the termination of criminal case No. 12301630048… and criminal persecution of N.A.A. dated 12/26/2023 located in the archive of the UMVD of Russia for the city of Saratov.
10. Appellate ruling of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) No. 22-788/2023 dated 04/27/2023 in case No. 22-788/2023. [Electronic resource ]. – Access mode: https://vs–jak.sudrf.ru, 06.06.2024. (date accessed: 06.06.2024).
11. Resolution on termination of criminal case No. 12301410025 dated 12/28/2023 located in the archive of the OMVD of Russia for the Kingisepp District of the Leningrad Region.

CRIMINAL LAW
SHOGENOVA Fatima Olegovna
Ph.D. in economic sciences, associate professor of Criminal law, process and criminology sub- faculty, Institute of Law of Economics and Finance, H. M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University, Nalchik
MAKHOV Alim Ruslanovich
Ph.D. in Law, senior lecturer of Criminal law, process and criminology sub-faculty, Institute of Law of Economics and Finance, H. M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University, Nalchik
PROBLEMS OF RESEARCH OF THE MECHANISM OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR OF THE PERSON ON THE BASIS OF THE LATEST ACHIEVEMENTS OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, NEUROBIOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY
The study of the mechanisms of criminal human behavior is one of the most complex and urgent problems of modern science. For many years, scientists have sought to unravel the mysteries of the human psyche and understand what makes people commit crimes. With the latest advances in neurophysiology, neuroscience, and psychology, new perspectives for studying this problem are opening up. The article reveals the mechanisms of criminal human behavior based on the latest achievements of neurophysiology, neurobiology and psychology.
The purpose of the article is to analyze the problems of studying the mechanism of criminal human behavior based on the latest achievements of neurophysiology, neurobiology and psychology.
The methodology. The goal is achieved through the use of such methods as: analysis, generalization, observation, experiment, description.
Discussion. Research in the fields of neurophysiology, neuroscience, and psychology allows us to gain a deeper understanding of the causes and mechanisms of human criminal behavior. This knowledge helps us not only to prevent crimes, but also to develop more effective methods of rehabilitation and social adaptation for people in need of help.
Resume. In recent decades, the number of studies devoted to the relationship between neurobiological factors and antisocial behavior has grown exponentially. As a result, criminal behavior has been linked to disorders in various biological systems, such as genetics, hormones, and brain function. The development of innovative methods, such as brain imaging and physiological measurements, may partially explain the growing number of neurobiological studies of criminal behavior. Despite the recent change in the zeitgeist, which has led to a wider acceptance of neuroscience as an additional approach to the study of criminal behavior, neurobiological measurements have not yet played a more significant role in criminological research and practice.
Keywords: criminal behavior, brain, mental disorders, neuro-law.
Article bibliography
1. Avanesov G. A. 10 chapters on motivation and motives. Through the prism sciences of criminology. – M .: Unity-Dana, 2018. – 470 p.
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3. Antonyan Yu. M. , Kudryavtsev V. N., Eminov V. E. Personality of the criminal. – St. Petersburg: Publishing House “Legal Center Press”, 2004. – 366 p.
4. Arutyunova K. R., Sozinova I. M., Aleksandrov Yu. I. Brain foundations of moral assessment of actions // Modern foreign psychology. – 2020. – Vol. 9. No. 2. – P. 67-81.
5. Belichenko R. V. Punishment and humanism of criminal liability of partially sane persons // Bulletin of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2022. – No. 3 (95). – P. 65-69.
6. Bulygina V. G., Isangalieva I. M., Peeva O. D., Remeeva A. F., Lysenko N. E. Modern studies of the neuronal bases making moral decisions // Psychology and Law. – 2023. – Vol. 13. No. 2. – P. 110–126.
7. Veklenko S. V., Belichenko R. V. Vectors of changes in the development of criminal-legal institutions of guilt and sanity, taking into account the positions of modern neurosciences / / Bulletin of the Kaliningrad branch of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2020. – No. 2 (60). – P. 84-87.
8. Gazieva M. V. Modern approaches to the problem of studying stress and stress resistance // World of Science , culture, education. – 2018. – No. 3 (70). – P. 348-350.
9. Didikin A. B., Belyaev M. A. [Review] // Proceedings of the Institute of State and rights of the Russian Academy of Sciences. –2019. – V. 14. No. 1. – P. 215-225. – Review of the monograph: Philosophical Foundations of Law and Neuroscience / Ed. by D. Patterson, M. S. Pardo. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. – 272 p.
10. Igoshev K. E. Typology of the personality of a criminal and motivation of criminal behavior // Gorky: Textbook. – 2009. – 168 p.
11. Orekhova L. S., Pavlenko V. B. Specificity of moral behavior of an individual : analysis of the current state of the problem // Problems of modern pedagogical education. – 2018. – No. 58-1. – P. 342-346.
12. Polubinskaya S. V. Use of neuroscience data in the doctrine of criminal law and judicial practice // Proceedings of the Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences. – 2019. – Vol. 14. No. 5. – P. 9-37.
13. Filipova I. A. Neurotechnologies in Law and Law Enforcement: Past, Present and Future // Law Enforcement. – 2022. – Vol. 6 . No. 2. – P. 32-49.
14. Hjelle A. Ziegler J., Personality Theories. Basic Provisions, Research, and Application: A Textbook. – St. Petersburg: Piter, 2014. – 608 p.
15. Shutochkina A. S., Fastovich G. G. The influence of mental anomalies on criminal behavior of an individual // Universum: economics and jurisprudence: electronic. scientific journal. – 2019. – No. 5 (62). – [Electronic resource] . – Access mode: https://7universum.com/ru/economy/archive/item/7126 (access date: 10/14/2024).

CRIMINAL LAW
KIPKEEV Islam Magomedovich
postgraduate student of Criminal law, criminal process and criminalistics sub-faculty, Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
CURRENT ISSUES OF APPLICATION OF CRIMINAL LAW ON LIABILITY FOR FRAUD USING ELECTRONIC MEANS OF PAYMENT
In the modern world, the use of various electronic means of payment is quite common. This is due to the fact that modern technologies are increasingly aimed specifically at electronic production of operations, which should make human life easier to a certain extent. Thus, each holder of a bank card has the opportunity to withdraw funds from such a card using certain technical means. However, the use of electronic means of payment contributes to a certain number of problems. The problem lies in the fact that no identification is required to withdraw funds from a bank card, which helps attract fraudsters to such means of payment. The purpose of the presented research is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the problems that are associated with the application of the criminal law on liability for fraud, which is committed through the use of electronic means of payment. The article discusses the authors’ positions on the interpretation of the term “electronic means of payment”, as well as its types. The author suggests that it is advisable to recognize gift certificates as a means of electronic payment, which are estimated at the cost of such a certificate. Attention is drawn to the opinion of scientists about the objective side of fraud with the use of electronic means of payment, as well as the qualification of this act. The conclusion is formulated that at present there is a lack of sufficient understanding and effective application of the investigative norm of criminal law, which requires significant reform.
Keywords: electronic means of payment, fraud, bank card, technical means, criminal liability.
Article bibliography
1. Gorbunova L. V. Issues of qualification of thefts using bank cards / / Mari Law Bulletin. – 2016. – No. 1. – P. 45-47.
2. Guzeeva O. S. Qualification of a crime in the field of computer information. – M .: Acad. Gen. Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation, 2016. – 59 p.
3. Esakov G. A. Cash surrogates and liability for theft // Criminal law. – 2015. – No. 1. – P. 48-53.
4. Ivanov V. Yu. The concept of an electronic means of payment in Russian legislation // Banking law. – 2014. – No. 3. – P. 18-24.
5. Karpov A. S. Problems of qualification of fraud using payment cards // Problems science. – 2017. – No. 10. – P. 78-80.
6. Karpov A. S. Problems of qualification of fraud using payment cards // Problems of science. – 2017. – No. 10. – P. 78-80.
7. Korepanova E. A. Payment card – an object or a means of committing fraud? // Bulletin of the Volga University named after V. N. Tatishchev. – 2016. – T. 1. No. 4. – P. 135-140.
8. Lavrushkina A. A. Criminal-legal characteristics of fraud using payment cards // Bulletin of Science and Practice. – 2018. – T. 4. No. 5 . – P. 544-549.
9. Lopashenko N. A. Crimes in the economic sphere: author’s commentary on the criminal law (section VIII of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) (article by article). – M.: Wolters Kluwer, 2006. – 673 With.
10. Musial I. A. Fraud with the use of payment cards // Problems of law enforcement activities. – 2017. – No. 1. – P. 147-152.
11. Peretolchin A. P. Some problems of qualification of fraud with using electronic means of payment // Altai Legal Bulletin. – 2019. – No. 4. – P. 71-77.
12. Petryakova L. A. Fraud using electronic means of payment // Vector of Science TSU. Series: Legal Sciences . – 2020. – No. 1. – P. 34-42.
13. Yuzhin A. A. Criminal-legal characteristics and problems of qualification of fraud using payment cards // Socio-economic phenomena and processes. – 2016. – V. 11. No. 1. – P. 141-145.
14. Yani P. S. Special types of fraud // Legality. – 2015. – No. 8. – P. 47-52.
15. Becker I., Hutchings A., Abu-Salma R., Anderson R., Bohm N., Murdoch S.J., Sasse M.A., Stringhini G. International comparison of bank fraud reimbursement: customer perceptions and contractual terms // Journal of Cybersecurity. – 2017. – Vol. 3. № 2. – P. 109-125.
16. Suha J.B., Nicolaidesb R., Trafford R. The effects of reducing opportunity and fraud risk factors on the occurrence of occupational fraud in financial institutions // International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice. – 2019. – Vol. 56. – P. 79-88.
17. Wei W., Li J., Cao L., Ou Y., Chen J. Effective detection of sophisticated online banking fraud on extremely imbalanced data // World Wide Web. – 2013. – Vol. 16. No. 4. – P. 449-475.

CRIMINAL LAW
TEMIRBEKOV Kemran Arsenovich
postgraduate student, Russian State University of Justice, assistant judge in the Second Cassation Court of General Jurisdiction, Moscow
COUNTERING CYBERCRIME IN RUSSIA AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES: COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS
The article provides a comparative legal analysis of countering cybercrime in Russia and foreign countries. Supranational and domestic regulation of measures to counter cybercrime in Russia and foreign countries is considered. It is noted that the countries of the European Union have significantly succeeded in combating cybercrime. The measures to counter cybercrime that have been developed in recent years in the European Union are disclosed. It is emphasized that the European Union pays great attention to the prevention of cybercrime, since strategically important sectors of the European Union countries suffer from the actions of cybercriminals. France and Germany are the countries of the European Union that are most actively fighting cybercrime at the domestic level. The features of building a system of law enforcement agencies that implement measures to counter cybercrime in France and Germany are revealed. It is indicated that the United States has a great influence on the development of legislation on countering cybercrime in the countries of the European Union. The article analyzes the law enforcement agencies of the United States, which are engaged in ensuring cybersecurity. The specifics of countering cybercrime in the Russian Federation are characterized. It is determined that countering cybercrime in the Russian Federation is more in line with European experience. In conclusion, the author concludes that it is useful for the Russian Federation to borrow from France’s experience in countering cybercrime.
Keywords: EU, Internet, cyberattacks, cybercrime, cybercrime, cyberspace, countering cybercrime, Russian Federation, USA.
Article bibliography
1. Bespalov D. A. Cybercrime // Modern problems of economics, social, humanitarian and legal sciences: theory, methodology, practice: materials of the International scientific and practical conference text electronic publication. – Krasnodar, 2024.
2. Jafarli V. F. Criminological cybersecurity: theoretical, legal and technological Fundamentals: monograph; edited by Doctor of Law S. Ya. Lebedev. – M.: Prospect, 2024.
3. Zhmyrko E. R., Semenov I. A. Problematic aspects of criminal-legal improvement of measures to combat cybercrime // Interdisciplinary approaches in modern science: challenges, achievements and prospects: a collection of articles of the International Scientific – practical conference. – Ufa, 2024.
4. Kraynova N. A. On the concept of the model law of the CIS member states “On combating cybercrime” // Law and digital economy. – 2022. – No. 2 .
5. Mosechkin I. N. Crimes against the security of digital information: concept, types and differentiation of responsibility: monograph. – Kirov: Vyatka State University, 2023.
6. Perina A. S. The Phenomenon of Using Computer Technologies in Committing Crimes against the Individual: Analysis of International Documents and Criminal Legislation of Individual Countries // Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law. – 2022. – No. 5.
7. Polyakov V. V . Structure and content of forensic characteristics of high-tech crimes // Actual problems of Russian law. – 2024. – No. 7.
8. Fatkieva R. R., Sudakov A. S., Dedov D. O. Analysis of network cybercrimes / / International Conference on Soft Computing and Measurements. – 2024. – T. 1.
9. Kharisova Z. I., Elizaryev A. N., Ishmeeva A. S., Gubaidullina I. N. Fundamentals of Providing Information security in the global Internet // Innovative economy: information, analytics, forecasts. – 2024. – No. 2.
10. Shipulin G. F. Prevention of crimes committed using computer networks: diss. … Cand. of Law. – M., 2024.

CRIMINAL LAW
KHISMATOVA Angelika Rustamovna
adjunct of the Faculty of Scientific Training, Pedagogical and Scientific Personnel, V. Ya. Kikot Moscow University of the MIA of Russia
DELINEATION OF INTENTIONAL DESTRUCTION OR DAMAGE, AS WELL AS ILLEGAL EXTRACTION, COLLECTION AND TRAFFICKING OF ESPECIALLY VALUABLE PLANTS AND FUNGI BELONGING TO SPECIES LISTED IN THE RED BOOK OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND (OR) PROTECTED BY INTERNATIONAL TREATIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FROM CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY ON THE OBJECT OF ENCROACHMENT
In the modern world, the conservation of biological diversity is becoming an increasingly urgent task. In order to ensure environmental safety, the legislator introduced criminal liability for intentional destruction or damage, as well as illegal extraction, collection and trafficking of especially valuable plants and fungi belonging to species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and (or) protected by international treaties of the Russian Federation. This article is devoted to the study of the object of the crime provided for in art. 260.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as well as issues of distinguishing the crime under investigation from crimes against property, depending on the object of encroachment.
Keywords: the object of the crime, environmental crimes, crimes against property, qualification problems, environmental safety, especially valuable plants and mushrooms, the Red Book of the Russian Federation.
Article bibliographic list
1. Plants of the Red Book. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cicon.ru/rastenia.html.
2. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 02.07.2021 No. 400 “On the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation” // Electronic resource: Official Internet portal of legal information. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.pravo.gov.ru.
3. Criminal law. General part / A. A. Abdulmanov, E. R. Abyzova, E. A. Alferenok [et al.]. – Moscow: Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation named after V. Ya. Kikot, 2023. – 524 p.
4. Bazarov P. R. Criminal-legal protection of especially valuable wild animals and aquatic biological resources: dis. … candidate of legal sciences: 12.00.08. – Yekaterinburg, 2017. – 245 p.
5. Stefanova E. Yu. Features of the qualification of acts related to the destruction of rare and endangered plant species // Collection of scientific papers. – M.: Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V. Ya. Kikot, 2023. – P. 231-234.

CRIMINAL LAW
KIPKEEV Islam Magomedovich
postgraduate student of Criminal law, criminal process and criminalistics sub-faculty, Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
PROBLEMS OF DELIMITATION AND QUALIFICATION OF RELATED TYPES OF THEFT USING ELECTRONIC MEANS OF PAYMENT
Within the framework of this article, attention is drawn to the problems that are associated with the qualification and separation from related elements of the crime provided for in Article 1593 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The purpose of this study is to determine, based on the analysis of judicial practice, the features of embezzlement, which is committed in the presence of certain persons or without such, to identify problems in the field of qualification of crimes under Article 1593 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and delineation from related crimes. In addition to what has been said, the article reveals the features of multiple payments, taking into account the fact that certain transactions were rejected. The authors’ scientific works are taken into account, which reveal the problems of determining the end of a continuing crime, and also indicate the features of fraud committed using electronic means of payment. The features of the qualification of the crime in question are investigated, on the basis of which recommendations are formulated on controversial issues in this area.
Keywords: theft, theft, fraud, electronic means of payment, qualification of a crime, delineation of adjacent compounds, bank card, bank account.
Article bibliography
1. Dolotov R. O. The moment of termination of ongoing theft with specified intent // Journal of Russian Law. – 2018. – No. 11. – P. 121-128.
2. Verdict of the Moscow District Court of Kaliningrad dated July 24, 2019 in case No. 1-290/2019 // Archive of the Moscow District Court of Kaliningrad @@ Verdict of the Moscow District Court of Kaliningrad dated May 14, 2019 in case No. 1-165/2019 // Archive of the Moscow District Court of Kaliningrad @@ Determination of the Judicial Collegium for Criminal Cases of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated June 6, 2019 No. 31-UD19-4 // SPS “ConsultantPlus”.
3. Yani P.S. Fraud using electronic means of payment // Legality. – 2019. – No. 4. – P. 30-35.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
ALIEV Khibi Kurbanovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, North Caucasian Institute (branch), All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Makhachkala
MUSAEV Kazbek Batyrovich
Ph.D. in Law, senior lecturer of Legal disciplines sub-faculty, Dagestan State University, branch in Izberbash
SOME PROBLEMS OF THE RUSSIAN COURT WITH THE PARTICIPATION OF JURORS IN DISTRICT FEDERAL COURTS
The article examines the key problems faced by the Russian judicial system when introducing the institution of jurors in district federal courts. The article analyzes the legislative and practical aspects that affect the effectiveness and objectivity of jury trials. Special attention is paid to the selection and training of jurors, as well as their role in the decision-making process. Examples from judicial practice illustrating the existing difficulties are considered and possible ways to overcome them to improve the quality of justice are proposed.
Keywords: jurors, jurisdiction, federal court, recusal.
Article bibliographic list
1. Gadzhiramazanova P.K. Problems of formation and activities of the jury in district (city) courts of the Republic of Dagestan // Legal Bulletin of Dagestan State University. – 2021. – No. 4. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/problemy-formirovaniya-i-deyatelnosti-suda-prisyazhnyh-v-rayonnyh-gorodskih-sudah-respubliki-dagestan (date of access: 09/28/2024).
2. Ramazanov T. B., Mispakhov S. A. Expansion of the application of the institution of jurors and its reflection in the practice of district city courts // Legal Bulletin of Dagestan State University. – 2020. – No. 1. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/rasshirenie-primeneniya-instituta-prisyazhnyh-zasedateley-i-ego-otrazhenie-na-praktike-raygorsudov (date of access: 09/28/2024).
3. Ramazanov T. B. Crisis manifestations in criminal proceedings in Russia // Judicial power and criminal procedure. – 2019. – No. 4. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/krizisnye-proyavleniya-v-ugolovnom-sudoproizvodstve-rossii (date of access: 09/28/2024).
4. Kammagadzhiev G. M. On the institution of jury trial in light of innovations in the Criminal Procedure Code of Russia // Law and Right. – 2019. – No. 9. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ob-institute-suda-prisyazhnyh-v-svete-novovvedenii-v-ugolovno-protsessualnom-kodekse-rossii (date of access: 09/28/2024).
5. Sedirov M. A. The place and significance of the jury trial in modern criminal proceedings in Russia // Law and Right. – 2022. – No. 1. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/mesto-i-znachenie-suda-prisyazhnyh-v-sovremennom-ugolovnom-protsesse-rossii (date of access: 09.28.2024).

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
BABENKO Svetlana Vladimirovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal process and criminalistics sub-faculty, Rostov Institute (branch), Rostov Institute (branch), All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia)
SEMENTSOVA Irina Anatoljevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Criminal law and criminology sub-faculty, Rostov Institute (branch), Rostov Institute (branch), All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia); associate professor of Criminal Law and Process sub-faculty, S. Yu. Witte Moscow University, Rostov-on-Don branch
TISHKIN Dmitriy Nikolaevich
Ph.D. in political sciences, Deputy Head of Tactical and special training sub-faculty, Volgodonsk branch, Rostov Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
WITNESS PROTECTION IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS: PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION
The article discusses some problems of the application of state witness protection measures. The authors note that currently the law enforcement officer does not have the necessary set of legal means regulating the issues of legal protection and ensuring the safety of persons involved in criminal proceedings, especially witnesses whose testimony occupies a special place in the evidence system. Inconsistency, contradiction and uncertainty in the formulation of legal norms, as well as the presence of other problems, negatively affects the construction of a system of state protection of participants in criminal proceedings. It is proposed to amend the criminal procedure legislation, which will ensure the safety and effective protection of a witness in criminal proceedings.
Keywords: criminal proceedings, state protection, participants in criminal proceedings, witness, security measures, criminal proceedings.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Dometeyev V. Responsibility for knowingly false testimony of witnesses // Legality. – 2006. – No. 6 (860). – P. 38-40.
2. Epikhin A. Yu. Inter-branch problems of qualification of bribery, coercion to testify or evasion from testifying or to incorrect translation (Article 309 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) // Legal science and practice: Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2015. – No. 4 (32). – P. 101-105.
3. Krapivko A. A., Babenko S. V. Problems of searching for missing persons and establishing the identity of unidentified corpses // Collection of scientific papers of the Rostov Institute (branch) of VSUJ (RPA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia) / Ed. Cand. of Law, Prof. Magomedov B. M.; Cand. of Law, Assoc. Prof. Vakula A. I. // Publishing house of the Rostov Institute (branch) of VSUJ (RPA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia). – 2021. – V. 13. – P. 165-171.
4. Volosova N. Yu., Zhurkina O. V. How much does it cost to live under a pseudonym: a critical look atwitness protection program // All-Russian Criminological Journal. – 2017. – No. 1. – P. 162-171.
5. Babenko S. V., Tishkin D. N. Strategy for the development of modern criminal law policy of Russia in the field of combating corruption: issues of law enforcement // Philosophy of Law. – 2022. – No. 1 (100). – pp. 132-138.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
BARANOVA Ekaterina Pavlovna
lecturer of Civil law disciplines sub-faculty, Pskov branch, University of the FPS of Russia
ORGANIZATION OF THE LABOR ACTIVITY OF CONVICTED WOMEN DURING THE PERIOD OF THEIR IMPRISONMENT
The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the organization of labor activity of graduating women serving a sentence of imprisonment. The author has carried out a comparative characteristic of several periods of the formation of penitentiary legislation, from the 30s of the 20th century to the present. The problematic issues of the legal institution under consideration have been identified, and solutions have been proposed.
Keywords: correction of convicts, organization of labor in correctional institutions, the purpose of bringing convicts to work, the work of convicted women in penitentiary institutions, gaps in penal enforcement legislation.
Article bibliography
1. Peremolotova L. Yu, Chernoyarova I. M. Features of the organization of labor of women sentenced to imprisonment // Bulletin of Surgut State University. 2023. No. 4 (42). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-organizatsii-truda-zhenschin-osuzhdennyh-k-lisheniyu-svobody (date accessed: 09.08.2024).
2. Shapovalova D. A. Legal regulation of labor of convicts // Science Time. 2015. No. 3 (15). P. 627-630. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/pravovoe-regulirovanie-truda-osuzhdyonnyh (date accessed: 09.08.2024).
3. Khilman D. V. Legal features of labor of convicts // Bulletin of the Kuzbass Institute. 2013. No. 3 (16). P. 38-44. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/pravovye-osobennosti-truda-osuzhdennyh (date accessed: 09.08.2024).
4. Nurbaev M. S. Labor of convicts in places of deprivation of liberty: right or obligation? // Bulletin of the Samara Law Institute. 2014. No. 2. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/trud-osuzhdennyh-v-mestah-lisheniya-svobody-pravo-ili-obyazannost (date accessed: 09.08.2024).
5. Emelyanova E. V. On the issue of the state’s right to use the labor of convicts // Criminal-executive law. 2009. No. 2. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/k-voprosu-o-prave-gosudarstva-ispolzovat-trud-osuzhdennyh (date of access: 09.08.2024).
6. Prison and wet nurse Women in hard labor and in the colony: from the time of Ivan the Terrible to “perestroika”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://lenta.ru/articles/2013/09/27/gulag/?ysclid=lvgib2or5k699065672 (date of access: 09.08.2024).
7. Radzilovskaya F. N., Orestova L. P. Maltsevskaya women’s hard labor 1907-1911 // Hard labor and exile. 1929. No. 10.
8. Savushkin S. M. On the types of correctional institutions // Penitentiary science. 2021. No. 4. P. 742-752. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/o-vidah-ispravitelnyh-uchrezhdeniy (date of access: 08/09/2024).
9. Maloletkina N. S. Social impact in the list of basic means of correction of convicts: some issues // Bulletin of the Samara Law Institute. 2021. No. 3 (44). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/obschestvennoe-vozdeystvie-v-perechne-osnovnyh-sredstv-ispravleniya-osuzhdennyh-nekotorye-voprosy (date of access: 09.08.2024).
10. Shemanyuk M. S. Factors influencing recidivism of women // International Research Journal. 2023. No. 2 (128). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://research-journal.org/archive/2-128-2023-february/10.23670/IRJ.2023.128.67 (date of access: 12.08.2024). — DOI: 10.23670/IRJ.2023.128.67
11. Samoilova A. A. On the issue of legal regulation of the conditions and rules for serving sentences in correctional colonies for convicted women // Journal of Applied Research. 2021. No. 2. P. 56-62. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/k-voprosu-o-pravovoy-reglamentatsii-usloviii-pravil-otbyvaniya-nakazaniya-v-ispravitelnyh-koloniyah-dlya-osuzhdennyh-zhenschin (date of access: 09.08.2024).

CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
BELOZEROVA Irina Ivanovna
Ph.D., associate professor of Criminal law, criminal process and criminalistics sub-faculty, Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia; professor of Procedural law sub-faculty, All-Russian Academy of Foreign Trade (VAVT), Moscow
MORDVINTSEVA Nadezhda Sergeevna
student-bachelor of Criminal procedure law sub-faculty, All-Russian Academy of Foreign Trade (VAVT), Moscow
THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA (THE PERIOD OF JAPANESE OCCUPATION – THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY)
That is not the secret that the current state of law requires certain improvements in almost all branches, and criminal procedure law is no exception. At the same time, it should be noted that for a complete and comprehensive study of the problem, whatever it may be, it is advisable to return to the origins, or rather, to the history of the concept, subject or industry under study. Criminal procedure law is developing very successfully on the world stage, new institutions are emerging, existing ones are being reformed. However, it is impossible to achieve a good result without taking into account historical analysis in both domestic and foreign criminal procedure law. Recently, there has been a trend in the study of criminal procedure law in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Latin America, and the Republic of Korea is no exception. The criminal procedure law of the Republic of Korea is interesting due to the fact that it reflects the peculiarities of various periods of the formation of this state. Depending on a particular historical period, the legislation of not only various legal systems, but also the legislation of individual countries was implemented in the criminal process of the Republic of Korea. In this regard, the authors decided to pay attention to the influence of the Japanese legal system on the criminal procedure law of the Republic of Korea during the Japanese occupation and up to the first decade of the 21st century.
Keywords : criminal procedure law of the Republic of Korea, the era of the Japanese occupation, individual legal institutions, the development of criminal procedure in Africa, Asia, Latin America.
Article bibliography
1. Panova A. S. History of the formation and development of criminal law of the Republic of Korea (from the period of liberation from Japanese occupation to the present day) // Bulletin of Russian Korean Studies. – 2018. – No. 10. – P. 43-48.
2. Rekhovsky A. F. The Birth of the Jury Trial in the Republic of Korea // Judicial Authority and Criminal Procedure. – 2016. – No. 1. – P. 195-200.
3. Sumin A. A., Khimicheva O. V. Introduction to the criminal procedure of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and the Republic of Korea. – M.: Yurlitinform, 2020 .
4. Kuk Cho. The unfinished criminal procedure revolution of post-democratization South Korea, 30 Denv. J. Int’l L. & Pol’y. – 377 (2002). – P. 377-394.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
BICHENOVA Anna Rolandjevna
senior lecturer of Criminal law disciplines sub-faculty, Samara Law Institute of the FPA of Russia
LOBANOV Denis Alexeevich
cadet of the 3rd course of the 1rd platoon, Samara Law Institute of the FPA of Russia
PROFILING AS THE BASIS OF OPERATIONAL INVESTIGATIVE ACTIVITIES IN THE PENAL ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM
This scientific article is devoted to the topical issue of the application of profiling in the operational work of the units of the penal enforcement system (UIS). The article discusses the theoretical foundations of profiling, its historical development and the methods used in the UIS. The authors analyze the features of profiling in the context of the work of operational units, including its role in the investigation of crimes committed by convicts and other offenses, as well as in the prevention and suppression of criminal activity. The authors offer practical recommendations on optimizing the use of profiling in the activities of the operational units of the criminal justice system in order to increase the efficiency of their work and improve the conditions of serving sentences by convicts.
Keywords: profiling, operational work, penal enforcement system, operational units, crime, criminology, psychology, efficiency.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Profiling: theory and practice / Ed. A. I. Gurova, A. V. Dulova. – M.: Legal Literature, 2019. – 400 p.
2. Gromov A. N., Klyueva N. P. Psychology of a criminal: profiling methods. – St. Petersburg: Piter, 2021. – 352 p.
3. Kudryavtsev V. M., Semenov Yu. V. Profiling in law enforcement activities. – M.: Jurist, 2020. – 280 p.
4. Criminal-executive law of Russia / Ed. A. I. Dolgova. – M.: Prospect, 2023. – 700 p.
5. Psychology of criminal behavior / Ed. A. V. Karapetyants. – M.: YurKnizhnik, 2022. – 450 p.

CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
VELEZHEV Sergey Ivanovich
Ph.D. in Law, professor of Penal enforcement law and organization of execution of sentences not related to the isolation of convicts sub-faculty, Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
MINSAFINA Svetlana Nikolaevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of the Higher Attestation Commission, Head of Penal enforcement law and organization of execution of sentences not related to the isolation of convicts sub-faculty, Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
ON THE ISSUE OF THE PROBLEMS OF LEGISLATIVE REGULATION OF CRIMES AGAINST PERSONAL FREEDOM
In the presented article, the authors examine the issues of legislative regulation of illegal acts directed against personal freedom. An analysis of regulatory problems in this area allows us to conclude that it is necessary to improve the legal provisions establishing criminal liability for kidnapping, which can increase the effectiveness of combating crimes whose object of encroachment is personal freedom.
Keywords : crime, illegal acts, personal freedom, criminal case.
Article bibliography
1. Volkova O. V. Criminal policy in the sphere of protection of personal freedom of a person: author. diss. … candidate of legal sciences. – M.: International Institute of Economics and Law, 2014. – P. 8.
2. Naumov A. V. Russian criminal law: Lecture course: In 2 volumes . T. 1: General part. 3rd ed., revised and enlarged. – M.: Jurid. lit., 2004. – P. 117.
3. Definition of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of 11.12.2008 No. 38-O08-31 // Bulletin of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. – 2009. – No. 10.
4. Appellate determination Judicial Collegium for Criminal Cases of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated January 24, 2019 No. 70-APU18-4.
5. In the case of verifying the constitutionality of the provisions of Article 212.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in connection with the complaint of citizen I. I. Dadin: Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of February 10, 2017 No. 2-P // SZ RF. – 2017. – No. 9. – Art. 1422.
6. Adelkhanyan R. A. Investigation of kidnapping. – M.: MZ-Press, 2003. – P. 28.
7. Gabibova G. Distinguishing kidnapping from illegal deprivation of liberty // Legality. – 2002. – No. 9. – P. 28.
8. Appellate ruling of the Judicial Collegium for Criminal Cases of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated January 15, 2020 No. 78-APU19-36 // Bulletin of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. – 2020. – No. 12.
9. Definition of the Judicial Collegium for Criminal Cases of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated September 13, 2022 No. 29-UD22-7-A4 // Official portal of the legal reference system “Consultant Plus”.

CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
KONOVALOVA Ekaterina Evgenjevna
junior researcher of the Department of criminal law, criminal process and criminology, Institute of State and Law of the Russian Academy of Sciences
CHANGE OF JURISDICTION VS TRANSFER OF A CASE TO JURISDICTION IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS: DIFFERENCES BETWEEN INSTITUTIONS
The article analyzes the historical background of the emergence of the institution of changing jurisdiction in criminal proceedings. It is concluded that the institution of changing jurisdiction was first normatively identified in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. The author highlights the fundamental differences between the institutions of transferring a criminal case by jurisdiction and changing the jurisdiction of a criminal case. The first difference lies in the grounds for applying the institutions under consideration. The second is the difference in the procedural form. The third difference is rooted in the fact that the application of these institutions is permitted at different stages of the criminal process.
Keywords: right to a legal court, changing the jurisdiction of a criminal case, transfer of a criminal case to jurisdiction.
Article bibliography
1. Golovko L. V. Institute of jurisdiction in criminal proceedings: boundaries between the value and technical dimensions // Institute of jurisdiction in criminal proceedings : Proceedings of the I All-Russian scientific and practical conference “Actual problems of the Russian criminal procedure”, Moscow, March 29, 2024. – M., 2024. – P. 5-14.
2. Kondrashin P. V. Problems of implementation rights to a “legal court” when determining territorial jurisdiction of criminal cases in the justice of the peace // Criminal Justice. – 2019. – No. 14. – P. 51-53.
3. Kondrashin P. V., Popova E. I. The right to a legal trial in criminal proceedings in Russia: theory and practice. – Krasnoyarsk, 2023.
4. Criminal Procedure. Textbook for students of law schools and faculties / Ed. K. F. Gutsenko. – M., 2007.
5. Foinitsky I. Ya. Course of Criminal Procedure. T. I. Ed. 4 -e. – St. Petersburg, 1912.

CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
LUTSENKO Pavel Alexandrovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Legal disciplines sub-faculty, Faculty of Humanityes and Law, Emperor Peter the Great Voronezh State Agrarian University
ON THE ISSUE OF OBJECTIVE CRITERIA FOR THE FORMATION OF AN INTERNAL CONVICTION OF A JUDGE WHEN CONSIDERING AND RESOLVING A CRIMINAL CASE ON THE MERITS
The article raises a set of issues related to the formation of an internal conviction of a judge when making a final decision on a criminal case. The author focuses on objective (external) factors that form the judge’s inner conviction, raising acute issues concerning the combination of powers of judicial control and consideration of a criminal case on the merits, the boundaries of judicial discretion, psychological aspects of the formation of a a common approach to making a final decision in a collegial review of a criminal case.
Keywords: judge, internal conviction, criminal procedural cognition, sentence, justice, judicial control, judicial investigation, evaluation of evidence .
Article bibliography
1. Batishchev O. V. On the place of the preliminary hearing stage in the criminal justice system. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://docs.yandex.ru/docs/view?tm=1728400452&tld=ru&lang=ru&name=scienceconf-11-2021 (date of access: 09.10.2024).
2 . Burmagin S. V. Conformity of the verdict to the inner conviction of the judge // Siberian criminal procedural and forensic readings. – 2017. – Issue. 1 (15). – P. 13-21.
3. Kudryavtseva A. V., Spiridonov M. S. Concept and content of the secrecy of the deliberation room in criminal proceedings // Bulletin of SUSU. Series “Law”. – 2020. – V. 20. No. 3. – P. 28-35.
4. Problems of development of procedural law of Russia: Monograph / Ed. V.M. Zhuykov. – M .: Norma, 2016. – 224 p.
5. Judicial discretion: a collection of articles / Moscow branch of the AYuR; ed. O. A. Egorova, V. A. Vaipan, D. A. Fomin; compiled by A. A. Suvorov, D. V . Kravchenko. – M.: Yustitsinform, 2020. – 176 p.

CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
MIROSHNICHENKO Anna Yurjevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Criminal law and criminology sub-faculty, Rostov Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, colonel of police
KOROLENKO Irina Ivanovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Procedural law sub-faculty, Rostov State University of Economics (RINE)
VISLOBOKOV Oleg Igorevich
student of the 4th course, Faculty of Law, Rostov State University of Economics (RINE)
DIGITALIZATION OF LEGAL RELATIONS TO ENSURE THE RIGHTS AND LEGITIMATE INTERESTS OF THE VICTIM WHEN SUBMITTING A CRIME REPORT
The object of the scientific article is public relations in the field of protection and ensuring the rights of the victim when receiving, registering and reviewing reports of crimes at the initial stage of criminal proceedings. A new method is being justified, which will exclude the possibility for officials to refuse to accept a statement about a crime. The research materials were the doctrinal works of legal scholars of the criminal process, as well as the analysis of normative legal documentation, the research methods were general scientific and private scientific (analytical, dialectical, generalization and comparative legal, etc.) research methods.
The authors point out the need to create a “single electronic window” system, through which citizens will be able to submit crime reports to one resource, and subsequently they will be distributed to the relevant departments. In the future, it will be possible to talk about the digitalization of the entire criminal process system, in which it is possible to achieve communication between the investigator and the victim through a chat, where all necessary procedural actions will take place: collection of evidence , summons to court, summons to investigative actions, etc. Digitalization of the crime reporting stage should be the beginning of the universal digitalization of criminal proceedings.
Keywords: crime statement, crime report, digitalization, criminal process.
Article bibliography
1. Rydchenko K. D., Pestov R. A. Powers of police officials in the sphere of promoting physical, intellectual, mental, spiritual and moral development of children // Philosophy of Law. – 2015. – No. 5 ( 72). – P. 87-91.
2. Gavrilov B. Ya. Can Russian crime statistics become real? // State and Law. – 2001. – No. 1. – P. 47-62.
3. Aristarkhov A. L. On some problems arising at the stage of initiation of a criminal case // Bulletin of the University of the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation. – 2019. – No. 2. – P. 80-86.
4. Michurin V. S. Violation of criminal procedural rules during initiation and termination of criminal cases, methods of their elimination: Abstract of Cand. of Law Dissertation. – M., 2004. – P. 19.
5.Zaitsev O. A. Main directions of development of criminal procedure legislation in the context of digitalization // Bulletin of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2020. – No. 3. – P. 18-20.
6. Osyak A. N., Ponezhina L. Yu., Pestov R. A., Polikarpov D. I. Administrative activities of the police: Educational visual aid. – Rostov-on-Don: Rostov Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, 2017. – 64 p.
7. Official website of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation (access mode to the site. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://epp.genproc.gov.ru/web/gprf/mass-media/news?item=89251489.

CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
POPOVA Olga Alexandrovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor, Management of investigative activities of the Educational and Scientific Complex Preliminary Investigation in the Internal Affairs, Volgograd Academy of the MIA of Russia
ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF EVIDENCE IN PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION MATERIALS
When studying the materials of criminal cases, attention was drawn to the absence in the decisions of the investigator of the analysis and assessment of evidence that served as the basis for making the decisions enshrined in them. The article examines the requirements of the current criminal procedure law regarding the need to reflect the analysis and assessment of evidence in the materials of the preliminary investigation. The reasons are analyzed that prompt the investigator to abandon the detailed presentation of the grounds for initiating a criminal case. The question is raised about the appropriateness of the presence of references to evidence in the investigator’s decisions.
Keywords: analysis of evidence, assessment of evidence, sufficiency, motivation, procedural decision, initiation of a criminal case.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language / Ed. N.Yu. Shvedova. Ed. 11th. – Moscow: “Russkiy Yazyk”, 1975. – 846 p.
2. Review of judicial practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 3 (2021) / approved. by the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on 10.11.2021. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.vsrf.ru (accessed: 02.10.2024).
3. Review of judicial practice of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation No. 1 (2024) / approved. by the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on 29.05.2024. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.vsrf.ru (accessed: 02.10.2024).
4. Review of the practice of considering by courts motions for the selection of a preventive measure in the form of detention and for the extension of the period of detention / approved. By the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on 18.01.2017. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.vsrf.ru (date accessed: 02.10.2024).
5. Antonovich E.K., Vilkova T.Yu., Volodina L.M., et al. Proof and decision-making in adversarial criminal proceedings: monograph / Ed. L.N. Maslennikova. 2nd ed., revised and enlarged. – Moscow: NORMA, INFRA-M, 2022. – 448 p. // Reference and legal system “ConsultantPlus. – Access mode: by subscription.
6. Makhtyuk S.O. On the issue of sufficiency of evidence, grounds and data in criminal proceedings // Russian investigator. – 2022. – No. 2. – P. 31-35.
7. Popova O. A. Criminal-procedural and organizational-tactical errors: prevention, detection and correction by the investigator: textbook. manual. ― Volgograd: VA MVD of Russia, 2012. ― 88 p.

CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
ODINAZODA Isfandiyor Akhmad
Ph.D. in law, Academy of the MIA of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, doctoral student of Criminal process sub-faculty, Kuban State University, Krasnodar
THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONAL-SEARCH ACTIVITIES AND THEIR USE IN PRE-TRIAL PROCEEDINGS UNDER THE LAWS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN
The article examines the features of using the results of operational-search activities in pre-trial proceedings in accordance with the legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan. The characteristic aspects of using the results of operational-search activities, their role and importance in pre-trial proceedings are studied. The classification criteria and methods of using the results of operational-search activities at the stages of initiating a criminal case and preliminary investigation are substantiated.
Keywords: operational-search activity, pre-trial proceedings, criminal process, use of results, Republic of Tajikistan, legislation, classification criteria, evidence.
Article bibliography
1. Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Tajikistan of December 3, 2009 No. 564 (as amended and supplemented as of January 3, 2024) // Akhbori Majlisi Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan. 2009. No. 12. 816 p.
2. Law of the Republic of Tajikistan of March 25,2011 No. 687 “On operational-search activities” (as amended and supplemented as of July 18, 2017) // Akhbori Majlisi Oli of the Republic of Tajikistan. 2011. No. 3. 155 p.
3. Semenov V. A., Dzabiyev U. K. Use of the results of operational-search activities in pre-trial proceedings // Humanitarian, socio-economic and social sciences. 2018. No. 6. P. 161-165.
4. Khodjaeva N. B. Collection and presentation of material evidence in criminal proceedings // Human Rights: History and Modernity: Proceedings of the international scientific and practical conference dedicated to the celebration of the day of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Dushanbe, Tajikistan, December 9, 2022 / Edited by N. Sh. Kurbonalizoda. Dushanbe: Tajik National University, 2022. P. 221-232.
5. Iskandarov Z. Kh. and Safarzoda A. I. Use of the results of operational-search activities in criminal proceedings // Works of the Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Tajikistan. 2019. No. 3 (43). P. 51-57. – EDN RHNAOQ Vaskovskaya E. V. Public assistance of citizens to the bodies carrying out operational-search activities: author’s abstract. diss… candidate of legal sciences. 12.00.09. Krasnoyarsk, 2005. 22 p.
6. Vaskovskaya E. V. Public assistance of citizens to the bodies carrying out operational-search activities: author’s abstract. diss… candidate of legal sciences. 12.00.09. Krasnoyarsk, 2005. 22 p.
7. Karyagina O. V., Shevchenko A. A. Judicial review in the pre-trial stages of criminal proceedings: problems and ways to solve them // Bulletin of the Taganrog Institute of Management and Economics. 2024. No. 1 (41). P. 59-63.
8. Rahimzoda R. Kh. Operational-search policy to ensure economic security of the Republic of Tajikistan: problems of theory, methodology and practice (historical, legal and general theoretical analysis): dis. … doctor of law: 12.00.01. Dushanbe, 2018. 582 p.
9. Rakhmadzhonzoda R. R., Aripov A. L., Samiev N. M., Makhmadalizoda A. M., Kasimova M. A. Evidence and proof in criminal proceedings of the Republic of Tajikistan: scientific and practical manual. Dushanbe: “ER-graf”, 2019. 44 p.
10. Rakhmadzhonzoda R. R., Alizoda P. Kh., Tajali D. A. Theoretical model of criminal procedural legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan. Dushanbe: “ER-graf”, 2019. 236 pp.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
SINKEVICH Veronika Viktorovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor Criminal process sub-faculty of the Educational and Scientific Complex on the Preliminary Investigation in the Interior Bodies, Volgograd Academy of the MIA of Russia
KOLBASINA Elena Evgenjevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Criminology sub-faculty, V. Ya. Kikot Moscow University of the MIA of Russia
KATRICH Anastasiya Alexandrovna
lecturer of Criminal process sub-faculty, Rostov Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF PERSONAL SEARCH UNDER THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL LEGISLATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AS A REASON FOR THE FORMATION OF INADMISSIBLE EVIDENCE
The scientific article analyzes the legal regulation of a personal search in terms of the production of this investigative action when conducting a search in a home in the prism of respect for the constitutional rights of man and citizen, the inadmissibility of unjustified infringement of such rights.
By studying the relevant scientific literature, judicial and investigative practice, the author substantiates the conclusion about the existence of a legal gap in Art. 184 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation and its negative impact from the point of view of the implementation of the purpose of criminal proceedings in general, and the formation of inadmissible evidence.
The scientific article formulates a proposal to include in Art. 184 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation regarding the conduct of a personal search in urgent cases during a search in a home, premises or other place.
Keywords: evidence, inadmissible evidence, personal search, home search, judicial control, appointment of criminal proceedings, limitation of constitutional rights.
Article bibliography
1. Terekhin V. V. Inadmissible evidence in criminal proceedings in Russia: theoretical and applied aspects: Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Law). – Nizhny Novgorod, 2006. – 28 p.
2. Vereshchagina N. A. Procedural order of recognizing evidence as inadmissible during a preliminary hearing: Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Law) Dissertation. – Chelyabinsk, 2008. – 26 p.
3. Merinov E. A. Implementation of the Institute of Inadmissibility of Evidence in Criminal Proceedings: Theory and Practice: Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Law) Dissertation. – Vladivostok, 2007. – 22 p.
4. Zubarev A. A. Legal consequences of recognizing evidence as inadmissible in criminal proceedings: Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Law) Dissertation. – Moscow, 2008. – 26 p.
5.va, 2010. – 29 p.
5. Kravchenko M. E. Admissibility of material evidence in criminal proceedings: Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Law) Dissertation. – Krasnodar, 2017. – 28 p.
6. Erpylev I. V. Implementation of the Institute of Admissibility of Evidence in Criminal Procedure and Law Enforcement Activities of Russia and Foreign States (Comparative Legal Analysis): Abstract of Cand. Sci. (Law) Dissertation. – Moscow, 2016. – 30 p.
7. Federal Law “On Amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation” dated 17.04.2017 No. 73-FZ (latest revision) @@ Federal Law “On Amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation” dated 27.12.2019 No. 498-FZ (latest revision). – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_341805/#dst100009 (date of access: 24.09.2024).
8. Case No. 22-2070/2020 // Supreme Court of the Republic of Crimea, appellate ruling. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://sudact.ru/regular/doc/K1p8LMGT5qZE/ (date accessed: 09/24/2024).
9. Ruling of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation dated 09/28/2023 No. 2612-O “On refusal to accept for consideration the complaint of citizen Tatyana Vadimovna Bulatnikova regarding the violation of her constitutional rights and the constitutional rights of her minor children by Articles 182 and 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation”. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc&base=ARB&n=782812#lsFdmPUwdRwgTjvY1 (date accessed: 09/29/2024).
10. Torovkov A. A., Likhova A. A. On some procedural features of conducting a personal search during a search of a home // Bulletin of the Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2021. – No. 2 (41). – P. 66-68.
11. Shepeleva S. V. Judicial review during a personal search // Law and legality: issues of theory and practice: Collection of materials of the XI All-Russian scientific and practical conference, Abakan, April 23-24, 2021. – Abakan: Khakass State University named after N. F. Katanov, 2021. – P. 50-51.
12. Mitkova Yu. S., Sinkevich V. V. Judicial control over the production of investigative actions at the stage of preliminary investigation: a tutorial. – Volgograd, 2023. – 78 p.
13. Mitkova Yu. S. Court review of the legality of an urgent home inspection: certain legal and practical aspects // Forum. – 2022. – No. 1 (27). – P. 190-193.
14. Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of 01.06.2017 No. 19 “On the practice of considering by courts petitions for investigative actions related to the restriction of the constitutional rights of citizens (Article 165 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation)”. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_217688/ (date of access 09.29.2024).

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
SMOLYAKOV Anatoliy Antonovich
Ph.D. in Law, professor, professor of General legal disciplines sub-faculty, Leningrad regional branch, St. Petersburg University of the MIA of Russia, Honored Lawyer of the Russian Federation
SHUNK Viktoriya Eduardovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal law and process sub-faculty, St. Petersburg University of Management Technologies and Economics
CHASOVNIKOVA Olga Georgievna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Labor law sub-faculty, St. Petersburg University of the EMERCOM of Russia
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF JUVENILE JUSTICE IN THE RUSSIAN JUDICIAL SYSTEM
The article emphasizes the importance of creating a juvenile justice system in Russia, the expediency of which is due to its focus on regulating the most priority issue for the state: protecting the rights and legitimate interests of minors. The principles of the judicial system through the prism of the introduction of juvenile justice are discussed.
Keywords: administration of justice, juvenile justice, justice, juvenile offender, juvenile court, conviction of minors, guardianship authorities.
Article bibliography
1. Constitution of the Russian Federation Constitution of the Russian Federation (adopted by popular vote on 12.12.1993 with amendments approved during the all-Russian vote on 01.07.2020). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_28399/.
2. Atamanov Ruslan Ravilevich History of the development of domestic juvenile justice // Issues of Russian justice. – 2019. – No. 4. [Electronic resource].– Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/istoriya-razvitiya-otechestvennoy-yuvenalnoy-yustitsii (date of access: 04/06/2023).

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
SHAMSHINA Olga Sergeevna
senior lecturer of Preliminary investigation sub-faculty, Volgograd Academy of the MIA of Russia
THE CONCEPT AND MAINTENANCE OF THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGALITY OF CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
The article examines the concept and essence of the principle of legality in criminal proceedings, analyzes the content of Article 7 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, as well as certain norms of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation. The problem of the permanence of the law, the strict requirements for the application of which contains Part 1 of Article 7 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, is raised. The conclusion is made that the further development of the criminal procedure law should take into account not only aspects of legislative technique, but also the practice of its application, as well as the positive experience and opinion of scientific processualists.
Keywords: legality, principles of criminal procedure, the principle of legality in criminal proceedings, inadmissible evidence, significant violations.
Article bibliography
1. Chikovani M.A., Esina A.S. On the issue of legality in criminal proceedings Russia // Legal Science and Practice. – 2024. – No. 1. – P. 37-45.
2. Polyakov M. P. Adjustable legality as a principle of criminal procedure // Legal technique. – 2023. – No. 14. – P. 473-476.
3. Malikova N. V., Yamaletdinova N. V. . Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation: there is no limit to perfection // Agrarian and land law. – 2024. – No. 3 (231). – P. 318-319. – DOI 10.47643/1815-1329_2024_3_318.
4. Pechnikov G. . A., Blinkov A. P. On formal and objective-true legality in criminal proceedings // Bulletin of the Volgograd Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2018. – No. 3 (46). – P. 140-146. – DOI 10.25724/VAMVD.DGHI.
5. Bydantsev N. A. Legality in criminal proceedings as an anti-axiom evolving together with the law and legal positions of the highest judicial bodies (part 2) // Scientific Bulletin Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2024. – V. 30. No. 1 (92). – pp. 42-48.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
ZAKHARYAN Alexey Alexandrovich
researcher-graduate of N. V. Radutnaya Criminal process law sub-faculty, Russian State University of Justice
ON CERTAIN ISSUES OF COURT AND PROSECUTOR PARTICIPATION IN PROVIDING EVIDENCE WHEN THE COURT CONSIDERS APPLYING PRE-TRIAL RESTRICTIONS IN THE FORM OF REMAND IN CUSTODY
This paper is devoted to issues of court and prosecutor participation in providing evidence when the court considers applying pre-trial restrictions in the form of remand in custody. Subsequent to the analysis of the current criminal procedure legislation, the author makes a conclusion about interrelation and interdependence of court andprosecutor powers in cases where the court recourses to pre-trial restrictions in the form of remand in custody.
Keywords: evidence, court, prosecutor, application of pre-trial restrictions.
Article bibliographic list
1. Bagmet A. M., Osmanova N. V. Selection of a preventive measure in the form of detention // Russian judge. – 2019. – No. 9. – P. 39-41.
2. Golovko L. V. The state and its criminal proceedings. – M .: ID “Gorodets”, 2022. – P. 284.
3. Dikarev I. S., Yutkina S. M. Return by the court of a petition to extend the period of detention // Legality. – 2021. – No. 11. – P. 44-47.
4. Kachalova O. V., Khromenkov I. R. Ensuring legal interests by the court in the pre-trial stages of criminal proceedings // Justice. – 2023. – No. 1. – P. 177-192.
5. Kripinevich S. S. Preparation for the consideration by the judge of a petition for the application of a preventive measure during pre-trial proceedings // Justice of the Peace. – 2018. – No. 9. – P. 27-35.
6. Tabolina K. A. Prosecutor’s supervision of the initiation and investigation of criminal cases. – M.: Norma, 2020. – P. 151.
7. Kachalova O. V., Kachalov V. I. Detention as a preventive measure: validity of application and extension: Educational and methodological materials prepared within the framework of cooperation programs of the Council of Europe and the Russian Federation. – Moscow: Delovoy Stil, 2019. – 82 p.

CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
KOKOREVA Lyubov Vladimirovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, professor of Criminal process sub-faculty, Moscow regional branch, V. Ya. Kikot Moscow University of the MIA of Russia
KOKOREV Roman Alexandrovich
Ph.D. in Law, Deputy Head of Criminalistics sub-faculty, Moscow regional branch, V. Ya. Kikot Moscow University of the MIA of Russia
ALGORITHM OF THE INVESTIGATOR’S ACTIONS TO VERIFY REPORTS OF CRIMES PROVIDED FOR IN ARTICLE 207 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND AT THE INITIAL STAGE OF THE INVESTIGATION
The effectiveness of investigating false reports of an act of terrorism requires a comprehensive approach that includes operational, legal, psychological and technological aspects. The main content of the study is an analysis of the investigator’s activities to verify deliberately false reports of an act of terrorism, as well as at the initial stage of the investigation of these crimes. Based on the results of the study, the authors concluded that the creation and implementation of specific algorithms for law enforcement officers to respond to a message about terrorism, as well as initial investigative actions in the investigation of criminal cases initiated under Article 207 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, will contribute to the timely disclosure and effectiveness of the investigation of criminal cases under consideration.
Keywords: knowingly false report of an act of terrorism, verification of a crime report, the initial stage of the investigation of a criminal case.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
MAEVSKIY Sergey Sergeevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal law disciplines sub-faculty, Academican I. G. Petrovsky Bryansk State University
GERASENKOV Vadim Mikhaylovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminal law disciplines sub-faculty, Academican I. G. Petrovsky Bryansk State University
SEIZURE OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA AND COPYING OF INFORMATION FROM THEM IN THE PROCESS OF CONDUCTING INVESTIGATIVE ACTIONS: PROBLEMS AND TACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS
Within the framework of this article, the development of criminal procedure legislation is considered, taking into account the trend of digitalization of modern society. The features of modern electronic computers, types of electronic media, storage of computer information on them, as well as its copying within the framework of investigative actions are considered. The authors conclude that it is necessary to make adjustments to the content of Article 164.1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, a tactical algorithm for copying computer information conducted on the initiative of the investigator, taking into account the specifics of the content of Part 3 of Article 164.1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: electronic media, computer information, copying of computer information, seizure, investigative actions, evidence, investigator, computer.
Article bibliography
1. Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation of 18.12.2001 N 174-FZ // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation – 24.12.2001. – N 52 (Part I). – Art. 4921.
2. Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of 12/15/2022 No. 37 “On certain issues of judicial practicetics in criminal cases on crimes in the field of computer information, as well as other crimes committed using electronic or information and telecommunications networks, including the Internet // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. – No. 294. – 12/28/2022.
3. Dobrolyanina O. V. Some aspects of the procedural seizure (copying) of electronic information carriers // Perm legal almanac. – 2019. – No. 2. – P. 641-649.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
MAKHOVA Margarita Lvovna
competitor of P. M. Davydov Judicial activity and criminal process sub-faculty, V. F. Yakovlev Ural State Law University, Yekaterinburg
RESTRICTION OF THE RIGHT OF THE ACCUSED AND THE LAWYER TO RECEIVE COPIES OF THE MATERIALS OF THE CRIMINAL CASE IN ACCORDANCE WITH PART 2 OF ARTICLE 217 OF THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
One of the fundamental principles of criminal procedure law is the right of the accused to defense. This right includes access to the materials of the criminal case. In accordance with Part 2 of Article 217 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, after completion of the preliminary investigation, the accused and his defense attorney have the right to familiarize themselves with the materials of the criminal case, make copies and extracts from them. However, the legislation provides for certain restrictions aimed at protecting state secrets and other interests protected by law. This article examines the grounds and practice of applying these restrictions, and also suggests possible areas for improving the legislation.
Keywords: materials of the criminal case, familiarization, state secret, accused, defense attorney, fair trial.
Article bibliography
1. Barabanov P.K. Should the defense retain the right to familiarize itself with the materials of the preliminary investigation (inquiry) // Russian Justice. – 2021. – No. 3. – P. 415.
2. Gutsenko K. F., Golovko L. V., Filimonov B. A. Criminal procedure in modern Russia. – M.: Zertsalo-M, 2020. – P. 610.
3. Lubensky A. I. Preliminary investigation in the criminal law of Russia. – M.: YURAYT, 2023. – P. 390.
4. Rabtsevich O. I. The right to a fair trial: international and domestic legal regulation. – M.: Lex-Kniga, 2019. – P. 430.
5. Stoyko N. G., Shaginyan A. S. Comparative legal analysis of the criminal law of foreign states: a tutorial. – Krasnoyarsk: Krasnoyarsk State University, 2022. – P. 822.
6. Rinchinov B. A. Familiarization with the materials of a criminal case in criminal proceedings // Russian judge. – 2018. – No. 1. – P. 210.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
PERETOKINA Viktoriya Viktorovna
postgraduate student of N. V. Radutnaya Criminal process law sub-faculty, Russian State University of Justice
PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE AS AN ELEMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF GUARANTEES FOR ENSURING THE RIGHTS AND LEGITIMATE INTERESTS OF A PERSON PLACED IN A MEDICAL ORGANIZATION PROVIDING PSYCHIATRIC CARE IN INPATIENT CONDITIONS
The article discusses the doctrinal issues of determining the essence of the definition of “criminal procedural guarantees”, analyzes their system, taking into account the specifics of criminal proceedings against a person suffering from mental illness. The author makes a statement that a person subjected to forced hospitalization has a special procedural status, which implies the presence of focused attention of the legislator to ensuring the implementation of the fundamental provisions of the criminal procedure law regulating the implementation of the basic right – the right to defense.
Keywords: criminal procedural guarantees, right to defense, criminal procedural form, measures of criminal procedural coercion, forced psychiatric hospitalization, principles of criminal procedure.
Article bibliography
1. Belyakova A. V., Voskobitova L. A., Gabov A. V. et al. Problems of development of procedural law in Russia: monograph / Ed. V. M. Zhuykov; Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation. – 2016. – 224 p.
2. Kapinus N. I. Procedural guarantees of individual rights in the application of preventive measures in criminal proceedings. – M.: Bukvoed, 2007. – 416 p.
3. Vilkova T. Yu. Issues of the system and content of the principles of criminal proceedings in the works of professors of the Department of Criminal Procedure Law of Moscow State Law University // Actual problems of Russian law. – 2016. – No. 3 (64). – P. 11-21.
4. Kibardin D. O. Principles of criminal procedure: concept, role and general characteristics // Business. Education. Law. – 2022. – No. 1 (58). – P. 203-208.
5. Davletov A. A. Principles of criminal procedureactivity // News of universities. Jurisprudence. – 2008. – No. 2. – P. 92-102.
6. Tomin V. T. Criminal procedure: current problems of theory and practice. – M.: Yurait, 2009. – 376 p.
7. Bezrukov S. S. Evaluation concepts in the system of principles of Russian criminal procedure. In the collection: Current problems of the fight against crime: issues of theory and practice. Materials of the XXIII international scientific and practical conference: In 2 parts. – Krasnoyarsk, 2020. – P. 87-88.
8. On the case of verifying the compliance of the provisions of Part 1 of Article 47 and Part 2 of Article 51 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the RSFSR with the Constitution of the Russian Federation in connection with the complaint of citizen V. I. Maslov: Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of June 27, 2000 No. 11-P // RG. – 2000. – July 4.
9. On the case of verifying the constitutionality of a number of provisions of Articles 402, 433, 437, 438, 439, 441, 444 and 445 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation in connection with the complaints of citizens S. G. Ablamsky, O. B. Lobashova and V. K. Matveyev: Resolution of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of November 20, 2007 No. 13-P // SPS “ConsultantPlus” (date of access: October 9, 2024).

CRIMINAL-EXECUTIVE LAW
BORCHENKO Vera Alexeevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, Head of Civil law disciplines sub-faculty, Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
KOBALEVA Viktoriya Andreevna
cadet of the 4th course, Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
APPLICATION OF CIVIL LIABILITY IN THE PENAL ENFORCEMENT SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The relevance of the topic of the scientific article is due to the fact that the institution of civil liability, at present, is an effective means of restoring violated property and personal non-property rights and legitimate interests of a wide range of subjects of law. This article is devoted to the analysis and research of the features of civil liability of convicts, officials and institutions of the penal enforcement system of the Russian Federation. The study of this issue is important for the purposes of ensuring the interests of the State, as well as convicts, officials, bodies and institutions of the penal enforcement system. In addition, the article identifies a problem that arises in the process of applying civil liability measures in the penal enforcement system, budgetary and other public legal relations.
Keywords: civil liability, property and personal non-property rights, legitimate interests, civil offense, penal enforcement system, convicts, institutions of the penal enforcement system, officials.
Article bibliography
1. Civil law: textbook: in 2 volumes / Ed.: E. A. Sukhanov. – M, 2010. – Vol. 1. – P. 621.
2. Budget code of the Russian Federation: federal law (adopted on July 31, 1998 No. 145-FZ; as amended and supplemented on August 4, 2023 No. 416-FZ). [Electronic resource] // SPS “Garant”.
3. Kasatkin D. M. Civil liability of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for obligations of subordinate state institutions // Bulletin of the Kuzbass Institute. – 2020. – No. 4. – P. 149-153.
4. On some issues of the application by courts of the norms of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation related to the execution of judicial acts on the collection of funds from budgets of the budget system of the Russian Federation: Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (adopted on May 28, 2019, No. 13) // Bulletin of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. – 2019. – No. 9.
5. On service in the penal system of the Russian Federation and on amendments to the Law of the Russian Federation “On institutions and bodies executing criminal sentences in the form of imprisonment: federal law (adopted on July 19, 2018 No. 197-FZ; as amended and supplemented on July 10, 2023 No. 286-F3). [Electronic resource] // SPS “Garant”.
6. On the practice of applying the rules on compensation for moral damage by the courts: Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (adopted on November 15, 2022 No. 33) // Bulletin of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. – 2023. – No. 2.

CRIMINAL EXECUTIVE LAW
IGOSHIN Vladimir Gennadjevich
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor of Regime organization, security and escort sub-faculty, Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
KOROLEVA Kseniya Alexeevna
cadet, Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
ENSURING THE REGIME OF DETENTION IN MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY HEALTHCARE INSTITUTIONS
The article discusses the problematic issues of escapes from public and municipal health institutions. The urgency of the problem is caused by the continuing number of such cases from year to year. The paper considers the legal framework governing this area of legal relations, on the basis of which medical care is provided in public and municipal health care institutions. The areas with the annual number of escapes from these institutions are analyzed. Specific cases of escapes committed in various regions of Russia are presented, in connection with which a number of problems have been identified that require urgent consideration.
Keywords: convicts, escape, unauthorized abandonment, medical care, public and municipal health institutions.
Article bibliography
1. Shikhanov V. A., Kaznacheev V. A. Problematic issues of organizing safe conditions during the protection of sick convicts and persons in custody in medical institutions of the state and municipal health care systems // Bulletin of the Samara Law Institute. – 2020. – No. 2 (38).
2. Analytical review of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia dated March 28, 2019 No. ref 03-22260 “On the state of the regime and supervision in correctional institutions and pre-trial detention centers of territorial bodies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for 2018”.
3. Conclusion on the results of the internal investigation of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Main Directorate for the Ulyanovsk Region (UFSIN for the Ulyanovsk Region) dated 11.05.2018
4. Analytical review of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia dated 27.03.2020 No. iskh-03-665 “On the state of the regime and supervision in correctional institutions and pre-trial detention centers of territorial bodies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia for 2019”.
5. Analytical review of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia dated 03.03.2021 No. iskh-03-13240 “On the state of work to prevent escapes from supervision in 2020”.
6. Conclusion on the results of the internal investigation of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Main Directorate for the Ulyanovsk Region (UFSIN for the Ulyanovsk Region) dated 27.02.2020 No. вн-14/5-392.
7. Analytical review of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia dated 17.02.2022 No. изх-03-9830 “On the state of work on preventing escapes from supervision in 2021”.
8. Conclusion on the results of the internal investigation of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Main Directorate for the Perm Territory (GUFSIN for the Perm Territory) dated 22.11.2021 No. 60/то/14-345.

CRIMINAL-EXECUTIVE LAW
MINKOVA Elena Anatoljevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Management and organization of UIS activities sub-faculty, Academy of the FPS of Russia
EMPLOYMENT OF CONVICTS AS ONE OF THE KEY AREAS OF EXECUTIVE, PENITENTIARY AND POST-PENITENTIARY PROBATION
The article is devoted to the problem of employment of convicts within the framework of the implementation of the provisions of the Federal Law of 02/06/2023 No. 10-FZ “On Probation in the Russian Federation”. Employment is one of the key areas in the process of resocialization, social adaptation, social rehabilitation of convicts at all stages of probation: executive, penitentiary, post-penitentiary. The author tried to identify problem areas and ways to solve them at the present stage of the formation of the probation institution in the Russian Federation.
Keywords: employment, executive probation, penitentiary probation, post-penitentiary probation, resocialization, social adaptation, social rehabilitation of convicts.
Article bibliography
1. Minkova E. A. Labor adaptation in the process of resocialization of persons sentenced to imprisonment // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2022. – No. 9 (172). – P. 373-374.
2. Minkova E. A. Labor employment of convicts in the process of determination of penitentiary crime // Man: crime and punishment. – 2014. – No. 4 (87). – P. 121-125.
3. Shamsunov S. Kh., Pavlova E. V. Some issues of involving convicts sentenced to imprisonment in work in the current conditions of development of the penal system // Vestn. Vladimir. jurid. in-ta. – 2017. – No. 2 (43). – P. 55-58.

CRIMINAL-EXECUTIVE LAW
MINSAFINA Svetlana Nikolaevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of the Higher Attestation Commission, associate professor of Penal enforcement law and organization of execution of sentences not related to the isolation of convicts sub-faculty, Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
DOLGOV Nikita Alikovich
cadet of the 4th course, Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
PROBLEMS OF EXECUTION AND SERVING OF PUNISHMENT IN THE FORM OF DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY IN RELATION TO MINORS
The article focuses on topical issues of the penalty of imprisonment in a juvenile death. The execution of a custodial sentence against juvenile convicts is a complex and multifaceted problem that requires attention from society and the State. The most pressing issue is the creation of conditions conducive to the correction and rehabilitation of minors who have committed crimes. It is important that places of detention do not turn into isolated spaces, but become centers for personal recovery and social adaptation.
Keywords: imprisonment, juvenile, educational center.
Article bibliography
1. Kachalov V. I. Criminal procedural regulation of issues related to the stay of a minor in a special closed-type educational institution: mamaterials of the all-Russian correspondence scientific-practical conf. – Publishing house Yug, 2023. – P. 80-85.
2. Mamedov AI Placing a minor in a special closed-type educational institution: monograph. – Omsk: Omsk Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2022. – 135 p.
3. Nikolyuk VV, Pupysheva LA Compulsory work for minors // Criminal procedure: problems of execution. – 2024. – P. 67-75.
4. Prozumentov LM, Shesler AV General social determinants of crime // All-Russian criminological journal. – 2024. – Vol. 12. No. 1. – P. 5-14.
5. Yudina I. R. Dynamics of juvenile delinquency in Russia. // Domestic jurisprudence. – 2021. – No. 21. – P. 32-34.
6. Markovicheva E. V. Referral of a minor to a special closed-type educational institution: problems of legislative regulation // Ensuring the rights and legitimate interests of citizens in the activities of preliminary investigation bodies: collection of articles of the interdepartmental. round table and the all-Russian round table / Ed. A. V. Bulyzhkin [et al.]; Oryol Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation named after V. V. Lukyanov. – Orel, 2024. – 88 p.

CRIMINAL EXECUTIVE LAW
BORCHENKO Vera Alexeevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, Head of Civil law disciplines sub-faculty, Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION OF CHILD-PARENT RELATIONS WITH WOMEN SENTENCED TO SERVING SENTENCES IN PLACES OF DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY
Serving a criminal sentence in the form of imprisonment disrupts family ties, thereby contributing to an increase in the number of children left without parental care. Undoubtedly, imprisonment entails the restriction of a number of rights, but at the same time, the complimentary parent continues to be a participant in family-parental relations, which determines the performance of parental responsibilities and the implementation of parental rights. In this regard, the preservation and restoration of parent-child relations of women sentenced to serving a sentence in the form of imprisonment is of great importance. This article is devoted to these issues. The author analyzed the main cases of deprivation of parental rights, and also considered the main problematic issues related to the implementation of parent-child relations and proposed ways to solve them.
Keywords: family, parental rights, parent-child relations, proud women, rights to communicate and maintain ties with children, children’s home.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Besschetnova O. V. Child-parent relations in a restored biological family // Society and Security Insights. – 2018. – No. 3. – P. 208.

CRIMINAL PROCEEDING
KHARZINOVA Violeta Mukhamedinovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Criminal law, process and criminalistics sub-faculty, H. M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University
SOME PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF CASSATION PROCEEDINGS
The article briefly describes the historical and legal development of the Court of Cassation of Russia. The author, having analyzed the norms of the Code of Criminal Procedure regulating cassation proceedings, identified some gaps in the presentation of the norms of criminal procedure legislation prescribing the grounds for review in the court of cassation and suggests ways to resolve them. In particular, in order to ensure the implementation of the purpose of criminal proceedings, the author considers it possible to verify the objectivity and fairness of the verdict by the court of cassation. In addition, the paper notes the expediency of the defender’s participation in the cassation instance, along with the public prosecutor, if there is a basis for the mandatory participation of the defender.
Keywords: cassation proceedings, right to defense, legality, objectivity, fairness, judicial decision, prosecutor, defender.
Article bibliographic list
1. The Charter of Criminal Procedure of November 20, 1864 // Constitution of the Russian Federation official website. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://constitution.garant.ru/history/act1600-1918/3137/ (date of access: 01.08.2024). – Available on the website of the guarantor consultant. – Access mode: for registered users.
2. The Charter of Criminal Procedure: a systematic commentary. Issue V: Art. Art. 765-999 / Under the general editorship of prof. M. N. Gernet. – M.: Publishing House M. M. Ziv, 1916. – P. 93. // Electronic scientific archive of open access of the St. Petersburg State University official. Website. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://dspace.spbu.ru/handle/11701/18189?mode=full.
3. The course of criminal procedure: a textbook in 2 volumes / I. Ya. Foinitsky. – St. Petersburg. Sepatskaya printing house, 1910 – T. 2. – 583 p. // Electronic scientific archive of open access of St. Petersburg State University official. website. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https: // dspace.spbu.ru/handle/11701/18189?mode=full (date of access: 6.08.2024).
4. Russian Federation. Laws. On Amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation and on the Recognition of Certain Legislative Acts (Provisions of Legislative Acts) of the Russian Federation as Invalid: Federal Law No. 433-FZ: [adopted by the State Duma on December 22, 2010: approved by the Federation Council on December 24, 2010: last ed. // Consultant Plus: website. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_61798/ (date of access: 02.08.2024).
5. Omarova A. S. Cassation proceedings as a form of legal review of the legality of judicial acts: specialty 12.00.09 “Criminal procedure” dissertation for the degree of candidate of legal sciences. Saratov State Law Academy. – Volgograd, 2015. – 242 p.
6. Dikarev I. S. Supervisory and cassation form of review of court decisions in criminal proceedings: monograph. – Volgograd: VolSU, 2016. – 398 p. @@ Nekhoroshikh M. E. Cassation proceedings: essence, objectives and areas of improvement: specialty 12.00.09 “Criminal procedure” dissertation for the degree of candidate of legal sciences. – Tomsk, 2018. – 288 p.
7. Russian Federation. Constitutional laws. On Amendments to the Federal Constitutional Law “On the Judicial System of the Russian Federation”: Federal Constitutional Law No. 1-FKZ: [adopted by the State Duma on October 23, 2096: approved by the Federation Council on December 1996: last ed. // Consultant Plus: website. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_61798/ (date of access: 08/02/2024).
8. Russian Federation. Laws. On Amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation: Federal Law No. 361-FZ: [adopted by the State Duma on September 25, 2018: approved by the Federation Council on October 3, 2018: last ed. // Consultant Plus: website. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_61798/ (date of access: 08/04/2024).
9. Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. Key figures for the first half of 2023: Statistics of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation website. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.vsrf.ru/
10. On the application of the provisions of Chapter 47.1 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation governing proceedings in the court of cassation (NP-19): official publication: Adopted by the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation on June 25, 2019 last ed.: // Consultant Plus: website. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_61798/ (date of access: August 4, 2024).
11. Kharzinova V. M. Verification of the legality and validity of court sentences / Textbook for cadets and students of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Krasnodar University, Nalchik branch. – Nalchik: NlFKrU MVD of Russia, 2009 (Nalchik: ONiRIO Nalchik branch of the Krasnodar. University of the MVD of Russia). – 460 p.

CRIMINALISTICS
AGARKOVA Tatyana Konstantinovna
lecturer of Criminal process sub-faculty, Kaliningrad branch, St. Petersburg University of the MIA of Russia
MERZLIKIN Roman Alexandrovich
Head of Fire training sub-faculty, Volgograd Academy of the MIA of Russia
PROKOFJEVA Elena Vasiljevna
Ph.D. in physical and mathematical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of Forensic technology sub-faculty of the Educational and Scientific Complex of Expert-Forensic Activities, Volgograd Academy of the MIA of Russia
KHANINA Natalya Valentinovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Economics and management sub-faculty, Kaliningrad branch, Moscow University of Finance and Law (MFUL)
USE OF SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE IN SOLVING AND INVESTIGATING MURDER CRIMES
Participation of a specialist in the detection and investigation of crimes related to murder is important in terms of investigative actions and operational-search activities. The article analyzes the features of the specialist’s work during the inspection of the scene of a crime related to murder, regarding the method of committing the murder. Visual tactical-graphic recommendations are presented in the form of charts for the effective implementation of the specialist’s functionality.
Keywords: specialist, special knowledge, inspection of the scene of a crime, crime, murder, detection and investigation of crimes.
Article bibliography
1. Alkhimina I. A. Tactics and methods of investigating individual types of crimes // Methodical recommendationsdata. – 2011. – P. 47. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://studylib.ru/doc/2591091/taktika-i-metodika-rassledovaniya-otdel._nyh-vidov?ysclid=m1kf7ph6a1983112393 (date of access: 09/14/2024)
2. Baklanov L. A., Pavlov A. V. Inspection of the scene of a crime in a home with the consent of persons living in it before initiating a criminal case // Bulletin of the Volgograd Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2020. – No. 1 (52). – P. 87-92.
3. Brief characteristics of the state of crime in the Russian Federation for January – July 2024. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://xn--b1aew.xn--p1ai/reports/item/54040412/?ysclid=m1kbe370o2664930715 (date of access: 09/27/2024).
4. Guide for investigators / Under the general editorship of V. V. Mozyaikov. – M .: Exam, 2005. – P. 255.

CRIMINALISTICS
ARKHIPOVA Nadezhda Anatoljevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminalistics sub-faculty, Barnaul Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
SOME ASPECTS OF THE INVESTIGATION OF ILLEGAL HUNTING
The importance of the topic under consideration in the article is confirmed by numerous scientific studies. At the same time, despite the existing coverage of problematic issues on this topic, it needs further research. The author identifies the main aspects of the investigation of illegal hunting. The article determines that one of the most frequently committed crimes in the field of ecology is illegal hunting, in this regard, consideration of the peculiarities of the investigation of this crime is especially relevant. The author believes that the effectiveness of the investigation of illegal hunting depends on the coordinated work of law enforcement agencies. It is important to involve specialists from different fields of knowledge when investigating illegal hunting.
Keywords: illegal hunting, wildlife, crime investigation, investigative actions.
Article bibliography
1. Kolomin V.V., Belkov V.A. Some features arising during the investigation of illegal hunting // Siberian criminal procedure and forensic readings. – 2021. – No. 4 (34). – P. 50-59.
2. Romadin A.N. Features of initiating a criminal case and circumstances to be established in cases of illegal hunting // Eurasian Scientific Journal. – 2016. – No. 2. – P. 324-327.

CRIMINALISTICS
BIRYUKOV Svyatoslav Yurjevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Procedural law and criminology sub-faculty, Institute of Law, Volgograd State University
TRUBCHANINOV Alexey Viktorovich
senior lecturer of Organization of investigative work sub-faculty of the Educational and Scientific Complex for Preliminary Investigation in the Internal Affairs Bodies, Volgograd Academy of the MIA of Russia
CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE VERSIONING WORK OF THE SUBJECT OF THE INVESTIGATION
The analysis of modern organizational problems of crime investigation, as well as the methodological recommendations available to the subjects of investigation related to such issues, gives reason to talk about the replacement of the version approach with a situational one in criminology, which seems to be associated, among other things, with the loss of trust of the law enforcement officer in the former. It seems, however, that the possibilities of a versioned approach to investigation have not lost their significance and an understanding by the subjects of the investigation of the methodological foundations of building versions would contribute to the quality of both the construction of versions and the investigation as a whole. This article discusses some aspects of the investigator’s version work.
Keywords: version, hypothesis, investigative version, crime investigation, subject of investigation.
Article bibliographic list
1. Larin A. M. From the investigative version to the truth. – Moscow: Legal literature, 1976.
2. Kolesnichenko A. N. General provisions of the methodology for investigating certain types of crimes. – Kharkov: Kharkov legal institute, 1976.
3. Azarova E. S. Discretion of the court as part of the structure of the criminal procedural paradigm // Legal paradigm. – 2019. – T. 18. – No. 4.

CRIMINALISTICS
VESYOLIN Vasiliy Vladimirovich
senior lecturer of Criminalistic techniques sub-faculty of the Training and Scientific Complex of Expert Criminalistic Activities, Volgograd Academy of the MIA of Russia
VNUKOV Vyacheslav Ivanovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Procedural law and criminalistics sub-faculty, Institute of Law, Volgograd State University
MODERN LIGHTING EQUIPMENT USED FOR TECHNICAL AND FORENSIC SUPPORT OF ACCIDENT SITE INSPECTIONS
The article examines modern technical and forensic lighting equipment offered by forensic equipment manufacturers for use by ECP employees during crime scene inspections and other procedural actions. Each of the models under consideration has its own operating features, as well as positive and negative sides. In order to examine these features in more detail, we conducted a comparative analysis of the lighting equipment under consideration, during which both positive and negative sides of each of the presented models were considered. The results of this analysis allow us to evaluate their capabilities, as well as to select one or another means depending on the task at hand.
Keywords: crime scene inspection, illuminator, ultraviolet illuminator, infrared illuminator, slit illuminator, invisible spectrum zone.
Article bibliography
1. Prokofieva E. V., Vesyolin V. V., Dronova O. B. Modern technical and forensic lighting equipment // Library of the criminalist. Scientific journal. – M., 2015. – No. 4 (21). – pp. 259-264.

CRIMINALISTICS
GARBOUZ Grigory Sergeevich
Ph.D. in Law, judge of the Kezhemsky Federal Court of Krasnoyarsk Region
SEVERAL APPROACHES TO DETERMINING THE BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION OF METHODS OF CRIME INVESTIGATION: A MODERN VIEW OF THE PROBLEM
Being the result of the analysis of methodological problems of crime investigation’ methods, the article contains scientific points of view upon specific features, which formed the basis for classification of methods of crime investigation. The author analyzes all the approaches to determining the basis for classification of methods of crime investigation. On the basis of theoretical analysis of a large amount of scientific sources, a conclusion about the great theoretical importance of the proper definition of the basis of the above-mentioned classification is made.
Keywords: forensic science, methods of crime investigation, regularities of the investigation process, classification.
Article bibliography
1. Belkin R. S. Course of Soviet criminalistics. In 3 volumes. Volume 3. Criminalistic means, techniques and recommendations. – M., 1979. – P. 198.
2. Vasiliev A. N., Mudyugin G. N., Yakubovich N. A. Planning the investigation of crimes. – M., 1957. – P. 153 -155.
3. Vasiliev A. N. Problems of the methodology of investigation of individual types of crimes. – M., 1978. – P. 41-43.
4. Vozgrin I. A. Forensic methods of investigating crimes. – Mn., 1983. – P. 193.
5. Gerasimov I. F. Some Problems of solving crimes. – Sverdlovsk, 1976. – P. 155.
6. Kornoukhov V. E. Concept and types of methods of investigating crimes / V. E. Kornoukhov // Bulletin of criminalistics / Ed. A. G. Filippov . – 2003. – Issue 2 (6). – P. 16.
7. Luzgin I. M. Development of the methodology for investigating individual types of crimes // Jurisprudence. – 1977. – No. 2. – P. 65.
8. Ozhegov S. I. Dictionary of the Russian language: Ok. 57,000 words / Ed. Corresponding member USSR Academy of Sciences N. Yu. Shvedova. – 18th ed., stereotype. – M., 1987. – P. 396-397.
9. Rozova S.S. Classification problem in modern science. – Novosibirsk, 1986. – P. 6.
10. Soviet encyclopedic dictionary / Ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov. – 4th ed. – M., 1986. – P. 586.
11. Yablokov N.P. Forensic investigation methods. – M., 1985. – P. 24-25.

CRIMINALISTICS
KAIRGALIEV Daniyar Vulkairevich
Ph.D. in biological sciences, associate professor, expert, Expert Technologies and Certification LLC, Saratov
GLADYREV Vadim Vyacheslavovich
Chief Specialist, Moscow Endocrine Plant Federal State Unitary Enterprise
VASILJEV Dmitriy Vladimirovich
senior lecturer of Preliminary investigation sub-faculty, Volgograd Academy of the MIA of Russia
ASPECTS OF APPLICATION OF GRADIENT HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY IN EXPERT STUDY OF PARTS OF THE PLANT OF THE POPPY DURING INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL CASES
This work is devoted to the issue of modification of the method of high-performance liquid chromatography for the purposes of expert study of parts of the plant of the poppy. Conditions for the quantitative determination of the main narcotic-active alkaloids of opium and other opiates are proposed, the possibility of using the HPLC method for the purposes of comparative study in the investigation of facts of sale of narcotic drugs made from the poppy is shown.
Keywords: fight against drugs, morphinans, opium alkaloids, gradient high-performance liquid chromatography.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. World drug report 2023. United Nations: Office of drug and crime. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/world-drug-report-2023.html (date accessed: 26.09.2024).
2. Study of narcotic drugs obtained from hemp and poppy plants // Standard methods for studying material evidence. Part II / Ed. A. Yu. Semenov. General editorship of Cand. Tech. Sciences V. V. Martynov. – M: Forensic Science Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2012. – 800 p.
3. Veselovskaya N. V., Kovalenko A. E. Drugs. Properties, pharmacokinetics, metabolism. – M .: “Triada-X”, 2000.
4. Henry T. A. The plant alkaloids. 4-th ed. Philadelphia. – Toronto, 1949.
5. Russian Federation Patent RU 2 429 238 C1 dated 29.03.2010.
6. Drozdov M.A. Application of liquid chromatography method in expert examination of poppy straw and opium. // Expert practice. – 1997. – No. 42. – P. 10-15.
7. European Pharmacopoeia 10th ed. V. 3. – P. 3299-3302.

CRIMINALISTICS
KLIMOVA Yana Alexandrovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, professor of Criminalistics sub-faculty of the Educational and Scientific Complex on Preliminary Investigation in Law Enforcement Agencies, Volgograd Academy of the MIA of Russia
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF DIGITAL FORENSICS
Currently, one of the priority areas of strategic development of Russia’s domestic policy is digitalization, the development of information and telecommunication technologies, the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies, and, as a consequence, the creation of an appropriate regulatory framework that regulates and protects the considered sphere of public relations. In the context of emerging global trends and the ongoing reform of Russian criminal proceedings, the problem of using the capabilities of digital forensics in the development of forensic recommendations that contribute to effective and high-quality investigation of crimes is becoming increasingly relevant. The author highlights the theoretical issues of digital forensics, considers the concept and methods.
Keywords: digital forensics, digital technologies, IT, digital evidence, information and telecommunication technologies, crime investigation, digitalization.
Article bibliography
1. Belkin R. S. Forensic Science Course: a textbook for universities. 3rd ed., suppl. – Moscow: Unity-Dana: Law and Law, 2001.
2. Digital Forensics: a textbook for universities / Ed. V. B. Vekhov, S. V. Zuev. 2nd ed., revised and suppl. – M.: Yurait Publishing House, 2024.
3. Yarovenko V. V., Pyatkova O. V., Cherednichenko A. V. Application of digital technologies in fingerprinting (transition to creation, storage and research of materials in electronic format) // Legal research. – 2022. – No. 2.
4. Chetvergov M. A. Competence of a ballistic expert in the study of objects made using modern technologies // Criminological journal. – 2024. – No. 1.

CRIMINALISTICS
KRASNENKO Yuriy Vladimirovich
lecturer of Criminal process sub-faculty, I. D. Putilin Belgorod Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE USE OF TECHNICAL MEANS IN THE DETECTION AND INVESTIGATION OF CRIMES: ISSUES OF THEORY AND PRACTICE
The effectiveness of crime detection and investigation of criminal cases depends on the quality of investigative and procedural actions carried out. The article discusses organizational issues and practical aspects of the activities of employees of investigative, forensic and operational investigative units when using modern technical means in the investigation process. In the course of studying the issue, the author analyzes some features of the use of technical means related to the levels of regulation of their use in accordance with the current criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation and provides examples from the practical activities of law enforcement officers.
Keywords: detection and investigation of crimes, investigative actions, technical means.
Article bibliography
1. Vasiliev D. V., Kairgaliev D. V. Modern forensic equipment in the service of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, as a guarantee of success in solving and investigating crimes // Forum. – 2023. – No. 1 (30). – P. 173-175.
2. Yatsenko S. V. On some trends in the development of modern forensic equipment // Bulletin of the Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2023. – No. 2 (45). – P. 137-140.
3. Krasnenko Yu. V., Lukyanchikova V. V. Use of technical means in the production of investigative actions: criminal procedural and organizational aspects: a tutorial. – Belgorod: Bel UI MVD of Russia named after I. D. Putilin, 2022. – 55 p.
4. Kun D. E. On some trends in the development of modern forensic technology // Theory and prActika sotsial’nogo razvitiya. – 2016. – № 3. – P. 76-81.

CRIMINALISTICS
KRUGLIKOVA Olesya Vasiljevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, Head of Criminology sub-faculty, Barnaul Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
DROGA Anastasiya Alexandrovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Criminology sub-faculty, Moscow regional branch, V. Ya. Kikot Moscow University of the MIA of Russia
ON SOME TACTICAL FEATURES OF INTERROGATING AN IMPERFECT WITNESS AS A PARTICIPANT IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
The article examines the features of the tactics of interrogating a minor witness. Practical recommendations are offered to improve the effectiveness of the investigator (interrogator) with this category of persons. Interrogation of a minor participant in criminal proceedings is one of the most difficult types of interrogation, both in tactical and organizational terms. Investigative situations that arise during the interrogation of a minor are determined by the personal qualities of the interrogated person, his living conditions, social status, family relationships and his environment. Therefore, in order to prevent a conflict situation during interrogation, it is necessary to establish psychological contact between the interrogator and the person being interrogated. Equally important is the correct choice of location for the interrogation. It is advisable to conduct the interrogation of a minor witness in an environment that is familiar to him, in which he would feel more comfortable and would be willing to testify. The article also analyzes the individual characteristics of age groups of minors, identifies the psychological characteristics of carrying out the specified investigative action, taking into account age, and identifies directions for improving the tactics of interrogating minors.
Keywords: interrogation, minor witness, interrogation tactics, tactical techniques, situation, psychological contact.
Article bibliography
1. Abdulaeva D. Sh. Features of the interrogation of a minor // Law and Right. – 2019. – No. 4. – P. 105-106.
2. Arkhipova N. A. Features of preparation for interrogation of a minor witness // Collection of materials of forensic readings. – 2021. – No. 18. – P. 6-7.
3. Knyazkov A. S. The place of psychological knowledge in forensic tactics // Actual problems of combating crimes and other offenses. – 2021. – No. 21-1. – P. 44-45.
4. Shuvalova M. A. Workplace of an investigator, inquiry officer for interrogation and other investigative actions involving a minor // Patent for utility model RU 179592 U1, 17.05.2018. Application No. 2017137831 dated 10/30/2017.

CRIMINOLOGY
ALIEV Shapi Izievich
Ph.D. in Law, Ph.D. in sociological sciences, associate professor, Director, Dagestan Humanitarian Institute (branch) of the Academy of Labor and Social Relations, Head of Legal disciplines sub-faculty, Dagestan State University, branch in Izberbash
ALIEV Ali Shapievich
Lecturer, Dagestan State University, branch in Izberbash
TAILOVA Aisha Gabibovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, Dagestan State University, branch in Izberbash
CORRUPTION IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM, ITS CAUSES AND THE MAIN DIRECTIONS FOR PREVENTION
The article touches upon issues related to the peculiarities of corruption in the education system. According to the authors, corruption in the education system is one of the most acute and complex problems hindering the development of high-quality and affordable education.
One of the key areas for the prevention of corruption in education is to increase the salaries of teachers and other employees of the educational sector. Equally important is the creation and implementation of transparent procedures for the allocation of financial and material resources, which will also reduce the opportunities for corrupt actions.
The introduction of automated control and accounting systems at all levels of the educational process, from school to university, can significantly reduce the likelihood of corruption schemes. Educational campaigns and the introduction of anti-corruption courses in the curriculum can play an important role in shaping negative attitudes towards corruption among young people.
Keywords: education, corruption, causes, factors, prevention.
Article bibliography
1. Boskholov S.S., Sidorova E.Z. The concept of the system of ensuring criminological security of education // Bulletin of the East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia: scientific and practical journal. Irkutsk: East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2020. No. 3 (94). P. 66-73.
2. Yesetova S.K., Ibraeva A.S.,Dzhunusov A. M. et al. The role of digitalization in combating corruption and strengthening civil society. Almaty: Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 2020. Pp. 12-22.
3. Komarov A. A. Criminological study of corruption in higher education: problems of extracting empirical material // Police and investigative activity. 2015. No. 4. Pp. 54-67. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=17296 (date accessed: 08/20/2024).
4. Portal of legal statistics: Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://crimestat.ru/offenses_chart (date accessed: 20.08.2024).

CRIMINOLOGY
DOLGUSHINA Lyubov Viktorovna
Ph.D. in chemical sciences, associate professor, Head of Forensic science sub-faculty, Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy of the EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk
STUPINA Svetlana Alexandrovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Forensic science sub-faculty, Siberian Fire and Rescue Academy of the EMERCOM of Russia, Zheleznogorsk
VICTIMIZATION OF PARTICIPANTS IN A SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION: CHARACTERISTICS AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES
The article discusses issues related to the victimological component of criminological research in the context of analyzing both personal and external aspects that define participants in a special military operation as potential victims of crimes. Special attention is paid to the specifics of the types of victimization of such participants, which made it possible to formulate possible directions of state policy, as well as its integral component – criminal policy, for the prevention of crimes against participants in a special military operation.
Keywords: victimology, victimization, special military operation, criminal policy, prevention.
Article bibliography
1. Rivman D. V. Criminal victimology. – St. Petersburg: Piter, 2002. – 304 p.
2. Rybalskaya V. Ya. Victimological problems of juvenile delinquency. – Irkutsk: Publishing house of Irkutsk. University, 1983. – 228 p.
3. Repetskaya A. L. Guilty behavior of the victim and the principle of justice in criminal policy. – Irkutsk: Irkutsk State University, 1994. – 151 p.
4. Rybalskaya V. Ya. Victimological studies in the system of criminological development of problems of prevention of juvenile crime // Issues of combating crime: interuniversity. collection / Responsible. editor V. V. Klochkov. – M .: Legal literature, 1980. – Issue 33. – P. 32-40.
5. Emelianov I. L. Victimhood and victimization: concept, types, problems of prevention // Bulletin of the Kuzbass Institute. – 2012. – No. 4 (12). – P. 134-144.
6. Dumanskaya E. I. Psychological determination of individual victimization // Bulletin of the South Ural State University. Series: Law. – 2019. – V. 19. No. 4. – P. 19-22.
7. Strelnikova Yu. Yu. Personality changes in combat conditions from the point of view of mental norm // Bulletin of the St. Petersburg University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2013. – No. 4 (60). – P. 187-192. P. 191-192.
8. Yakushkin N. V. Dynamics of personality traits of those who survived combat traumatic stress // Bulletin of Vitebsk State University. – 2008. – No. 1 (47). – P. 74-81.
9. Tsybaeva L. A. Social and psychological adaptation of combat participants // Personality development. – 2007. – No. 1. – P. 165-171.

CRIMINOLOGY
MIRZAEV Zakir Mukailovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Legal disciplines sub-faculty, Faculty of Management and Law, R. Gamzatov Dagestan State Pedagogical University, Makhachkala
MIRZAEVA Zeynab Zakirovna
senior lecturer of Legal disciplines sub-faculty, Faculty of Management and Law, R. Gamzatov Dagestan State Pedagogical University, Makhachkala
FEMALE RECIDIVISM AS AN OBJECT OF CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Recidivism among women is a serious problem that requires close attention. Research shows that female repeat offenders often face unique social, economic and psychological factors that contribute to their return to criminal activity. These factors may include poverty, lack of access to education and employment, as well as trauma and violence in the past. In order to effectively reduce recidivism among women, it is necessary to develop comprehensive rehabilitation and reintegration programs that take these characteristics into account. Only an integrated approach combining prevention, rehabilitation and social support measures can help solve this complex problem.
Keywords: female crime, recidivism, prevention, crime rate, prisons.
Article bibliography
1. Karpova O. V. Causes and conditions of recidivismwomen: features of regional characteristics // Actual problems of economics and law. – 2014. – No. 1. – P. 261-266. – EDN RXDGAZ.
2. Koshieva D. A. Causes of female recidivism // Bulletin of the Magistracy. – 2022. – No. 5-3 (128). – P. 71-72. – EDN SHININ @@ Shemanyuk M. S. Factors influencing recidivism of women // International research journal. – 2023. – No. 2 (128). – DOI 10.23670/IRJ.2023.128.67. – EDN UFOTFT.
3. Chusova V. B. Female recidivism: causes and conditions // Youth Initiative – 2020: Proceedings of the City Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation, Rostov-on-Don, December 04, 2020. – Rostov-on-Don: South-Russian Institute of Management – branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (SUIUF RANEPA), 2020. – pp. 221-224. – EDN RLSTAS.
4. Shapkina K. V., Nikodimov I. Yu. Causes of female recidivism // Student forum. – 2020. – No. 31-2(124). – pp. 58-60. – EDN SYKLBU.

CRIMINOLOGY
TROFIMTSEVA Svetlana Yurjevna
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of Security and information technologies sub-faculty, National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”
FEATURES OF CRIMINALIZATION OF THE USE OF COMPUTER PROGRAMS AND DEVICES FOR ILLEGAL INFLUENCE ON COMPUTER INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES IN THE NATIONAL LAW OF RUSSIA AND CERTAIN FOREIGN STATES
The article provides a comparative analysis of the criminalization of the means of committing cybercrimes against critical infrastructure facilities provided for by the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, Denmark, Italy, the Netherlands, Finland, in the form of computer programs, computer data, including passwords, access codes, technical and other means for accessing the IT systems of critical infrastructure facilities, influencing the functioning of critical infrastructure facilities, including interrupting the connection between the IT systems of such facilities. It is proposed to supplement parts 1-2 of Article 274.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation by expanding the list of means of access and influence on the critical infrastructure of the Russian Federation, as well as methods of using these means based on foreign criminal norms.
Keywords: cybercrime, critical infrastructure, critical information infrastructure, computer information, crimes against the functioning of computer systems of critical infrastructure facilities.
Article bibliography
1. UN. Report of the Secretary-General “Countering the use of information and communications technologies for criminal purposes” of the 74th session of the General Assembly, 30.07.2019 // Official website of the UN. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://documents.un.org/doc/undoc/gen/v19/081/84/pdf/v1908184.pdf?token=BUS806FEBw26O67BtZ&fe=true (date of access: 13.06.2024).
2. UN. CTU, CTED, Interpol: Protecting Critical Infrastructure from Terrorist Attacks: A Compendium of Best Practices, 2018 // Official website of the UN. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/ctc/sites/www.un.org.securitycouncil.ctc/files/files/documents/2021/Jan/compendium_of_good_practices_ru.pdf (access date: 07/31/2024).

CRIMINOLOGY
SHERSTYANYKH Alexandra Sergeevna
Ph.D. in technical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of Information and legal disciplines and special technique sub-faculty, Siberian Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, Krasnoyarsk
SOCIAL MEDIA FRAUD
The popularity of social media is due to the high need for people to socialize, which has led to the immense popularity of some platforms. Social media offers many opportunities for communication, self-development and business, but can be harmful to both individuals and society as a whole. They can serve as a platform for fraud, criminal activity and the promotion of extremism. The impact of social media on society is varied and depends on the individual characteristics of each person. Therefore, it is important to use social media wisely to maximize the benefits and minimize the negative effects.
The author analyzes the main types of fraud on the Internet and offers recommendations to protect users from this type of deception.
Keywords: social engineering, information security, prevention methods, information protection, threats on the network.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Pappas, S. Pompeii “Wall Pos”ts” Reveal Ancient Social Networks / Stephanie Pappas // Livescience Scientific American Jannarry. – 2013. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/pompeii-wall-posts-show (date of access: 04/02/2024).
2. Digital technologies 2024: Russian Federation: report // datareportal.com – official website. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2024-russian-federation (date of access: 09/20/2024).
3. Abdullaeva R. A. Analysis of the influence of social networks on the life of modern society / R.A. Abdullaeva // International journal of applied and fundamental research. – 2015. – No. 9-3. – P. 542-546. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=24058087 (date accessed: 09/02/2024).
4. Prokhorov AI, Markin EA, Nikeeva UG Phishing attacks: main types and methods of protection against them // Information systems, economics and management: Scientific notes. – Rostov-on-Don: Rostov State University of Economics (RINH), 2023. – P. 84-90. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=56139614. (date accessed: 08/02/2024).
5. The first lawsuit against deepfake porn sites has been filed: article \\ roskomsvoboda.org: news site. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://roskomsvoboda.org/ru/post/isk-protiv-porno-dipfeykov. (date accessed: 09/06/2024).
6. Games not by the rules: what are the most dangerous Internet traps for children: article // Izvestia: news site. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://iz.ru/1686612/dmitrii-alekseev/igry-ne-po-pravilam-kakie-internet-lovushki-dlia-detei-samye-opasnye (date accessed: 09/10/2024).
7. Frolova M. Under a friend’s video: scammers began to fake “circles” in Telegram // Izvestia: news site. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://iz.ru/1661846/mariia-frolova/pod-video-druga-moshenniki-stali-poddelyvat-kruzhochki-v-telegram (date of access: 09/25/2024).

LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES
BOGACHEVA Mariya Valerjevna
senior lecturer of Administrative and legal disciplines sub-faculty, I. D. Putilin Belgorod Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
ON THE ISSUE OF THE CONCEPT OF INFORMATION ACTIVITY OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF RUSSIA
The article analyzes the concepts of human activity and organization activity. It is indicated that for such large-scale ministries as the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, information activity is not the main one, but without its implementation, the functioning of the department is impossible. Legislative and regulatory legal acts are considered, which define the main directions of information activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. It is noted that Article 29 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the provisions of the Federal Law “On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection” allow us to establish which ways of working with information can relate to information activities. It is also indicated that in order to determine which areas of information processing relate to information activities, it is possible to rely on the provisions of the Federal Law “On Personal Data”. It is concluded that the information activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia include not only providing departments with the necessary information, but also organizing information interaction.
Keywords: information activity of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, information support for the activities of the Department of Internal Affairs, information support system for the activities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, information resources.
Article bibliographic list
1. Lavrik O. L., Kalyuzhnaya T. A. The content of the concepts of “information support”, “information support”, “support for scientific research” as stages of information services for scientists // Bulletin of Tomsk State University. Cultural Studies and Art Criticism. – 2020. – No. 40. – P. 305-319.
2. Pashnin A. V. Information support of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation: characteristics and features // Road safety. – 2021. – No. 3. – P. 79-82.
3. Makorin A. A., Zelenov S. A. Issues of organizing information support. Efficiency of work within the framework of the EITKS program and further formation of the Concept of information support for internal affairs bodies // Scientific portal of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2013. – No. 4. – P. 116-120.
4. Novichkova E. E., Soroka V. G. Analytical work in internal affairs bodies and ways to improve it // Law and order: history, theory, practice. – 2019. – No. 2 (21). – P. 11-15.
5. Muzeev A. I. On measures to improve the analytical support of operational-search activities of internal affairs bodies to combat organized crime.crime // Bulletin of the Kazan Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2016. – No. 3 (25). – P. 99-101.
6. Kolesnikov V. A. Information and analytical support for the management process in the internal affairs bodies // Bulletin of the Ufa Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2018. – No. 1 (79). – P. 102-106.
7. Pervukhin A. S. Administrative and legal regulation of information and analytical activities in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia: dissertation of Cand. of Law. – M., 2014. – 150 p.
8. Prokopenko A. N. Conceptual issues of creating a single information space of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia // Society and Law. – 2010. – No. 2. – P. 284-287.
9. Pavlichenko N.V., Knyazhev V.B. On the scientific and technical policy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia // Strategic development of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia: Status, trends, prospects: collection of articles of the International scientific and practical conference. Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2019. – P. 183-189.

LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
REMIZOVA Leila Sarvarovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Management and organization of UIS activities sub-faculty, Academy of the FPS of Russia
ON THE QUESTION OF ORGANIZING HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION ACTIVITIES OF SUPERVISORY BODIES, INCLUDING IN CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS
The article examines some aspects of the supervisory authority’s activities. Much attention is paid not only to supervision of compliance with the law, but also to active protection of the rights of citizens and organizations. The areas of work on compliance with the rights of persons held in places of forced detention are touched upon. The author pays attention to the fact that the prosecutor’s office has a wide range of capabilities in the field of human rights protection, and statistical information is provided. This allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of their activities and identify problem areas that require further improvement.
Keywords: supervisory activity, employee, prosecutor, response measures, protection of rights.
Article bibliography
1. Federal Law of 17.01.1992 No. 2202-1 (as amended on 30.09.2024) “On the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation” // SPS “ConsultantPlus”.
2. Grishko A. Ya., Ovodkova L. S. Activities of the prosecutor’s office and the human rights commissioner to ensure the rights and legitimate interests of persons in places of detention: monograph. – Ryazan: Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, 2016. – P. 4.

LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
TOMASCHUK Yana Yurjevna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, Deputy Head of Criminal law disciplines sub-faculty, I. D. Putilin Belgorod Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, colonel of police
JAMBOROV Anzor Anatoljevich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Fire training sub-faculty, North Caucasian Institute for Advanced Studies (branch), Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, colonel of police
BARSOVA Ekaterina Ruslanovna
researcher of the Analysis and Control Group, I. D. Putilin Belgorod Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant of police
COUNTERING TERRORIST CRIMES: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVEMENT
This article examines the current state of the activities of the internal affairs bodies (hereinafter referred to as the Department of Internal Affairs) in countering terrorist crimes. According to the results of the research on the topic, the authors come to the conclusion that the nature of the crimes committed has changed, because, according to statistics, the number of terrorist attacks prevented and suppressed at the stage of preparation is decreasing, but at the same time, the number of criminal acts is growing, the actions of criminals are becoming more violent and destructive in terms of the scale of consequences and the number of victims. Effective counteraction to terrorism is seen in the study of the problems of the activities of police officers in this area.
Keywords: counteraction to terrorism, criminally punishable act, police officers, internal affairs bodies, terrorist act, information and telecommunication technologies.
Article bibliography
1. Berezina T. A. Carrying out inspection activities at railway infrastructure facilities as a measure to prevent terrorist acts // Young scientist. – 2020. – No. 49 (339). – P. 177-180.
2. Budnik G. I. Cyberterrorism as a threat to the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation: concept, essence and problems of counteraction // Young scientist. – 2016. – No. 8 (112). – P. 725-728.
3. The highest level of terrorist crimes in 18 years was recorded in the Russian Federation // TASS. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://tass.ru/obschestvo/21522491 (date of access: 10/21/2024).
4. The Investigative Committee reported on cases of terrorism by the Ukrainian Armed Forces in the Kursk region. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.gazeta.ru/social/news/2024/09/13/23912773.shtml (date of access: 10/22/2024).
5. Statistics and analytics // Official website of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia [Electronic resource]. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://xn--b1aew.xn--p1ai/reports/item/55225633/ (date accessed: 21.10.2024).

LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
SHAKIROV Ilshat Maratovich
lecturer of Special training sub-faculty, Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
KHOROSHUNOV Andrey Sergeevich
senior lecturer of Tactical and special training sub-faculty, Volgograd Academy of the MIA of Russia
SHATAGIN Anton Nikolaevich
lecturer of Physical training sub-faculty, Voronezh Institute of the MIA of Russia
SIMULATION TRAINING IN TACTICAL AND SPECIAL TRAINING OF POLICE OFFICERS
The article discusses the importance of simulation training as an integral element of tactical and special training of police officers. Modern challenges and risks faced by law enforcement agencies require police officers not only theoretical knowledge, but also practical skills, readiness to act in non-standard situations. The study highlights the main goals of simulation training, such as developing skills, reducing stress levels under pressure, improving teamwork and receiving constructive feedback. The methodology of simulation training, including role-playing games, tactical scenarios and the use of virtual technologies, is highlighted. The influence of this approach on the formation of police confidence, the development of critical thinking and interpersonal skills, which is critically important when interacting with citizens and colleagues, is discussed. In addition, the article analyzes existing problems such as financial constraints, lack of qualified personnel and resistance to change. It is emphasized that in order to achieve maximum effectiveness of simulation training, it is necessary to overcome these obstacles, as well as further introduction of modern technologies and scientific approaches. In light of all the above, simulation training can become the basis for a highly qualified and ready for modern challenges police corps, which ultimately contributes to improving public order and increasing citizens’ trust in law enforcement agencies.
Keywords: simulation training, tactical and special training, police officers, professional training, teamwork, critical thinking, modern technologies, public order, security.
Article bibliography
1. Ivanov A. V. Fundamentals of tactical and special training of law enforcement officers. – M .: Yurait, 2021.
2. Petrov S. N. Simulation methods in training police officers: problems and prospects // Journal of legal science. – 2022. – No. 12 (3). – P. 45-57.
3. Smirnova E. A. Psychology of decision-making in emergency situations: applicability for police officers // Psychological journal. – 2021. – No. 42 (1). – P. 88-99.
4. Fedorov V. Yu. Innovative technologies in the training of law enforcement officers // Education and Law. – 2023. – No. 14 (2). – P. 22-34.
5. Kovalenko L. I. Tactical and special training: new approaches and methods // Police science. – 2021. – No. 5. – P. 10-18.

LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES
SHOGENOV Timur Mukhamedovich
Ph.D. in economical sciences, Deputy Head of Internal affairs in special conditions sub-faculty, North-Caucasus Institute for Advanced Training (branch), Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
FEDORENKO Svyatoslav Petrovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Theory and history of state and law sub-faculty, Rostov State University of Economics (RINE), associate professor of Theory and history of law and state sub-faculty, South Russian Institute of Management, branch of the Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation
PROMISING AREAS OF DIGITALIZATION OF LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES
The authors of the article conducted a study of topical issues related to priority areas of digital transformation of law enforcement, including in the field of artificial intelligence. The measures taken by state bodies aimed at the digital transformation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, technologies and methods of artificial intelligence, which make it possible to increase the effectiveness of law enforcement activities, optimize the performance of tasks assigned to internal affairs bodies, and most importantly, contribute to reducing crime and improving the safety of citizens, are considered.
Keywords: digitalization, digital transformation, information technology, artificial intelligence, public services, predictive models, data sets, data analysis.
Article bibliography
1. Belozerov O. I., Andreychenko P. M. Trends in the development of information technology in the law enforcement system. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://scientificmagazine.ru/images/PDF/2019/36/tendentsii-razvitiya.pdf?ysclid=m32qxo48oh465474292 (date of access: 02.11.2024).
2. Buraeva L. A., Shogenov T. M. The role of information technology in ensuring public order and public safety // Social and political sciences. – 2019. – No. 5. – P. 190-192.
3. Information technologies in the activities of law enforcement agencies: problems of use and ways to improve efficiency: a collection of scientific articles / Oryol Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia; editorial board: L. D. Matrosova (chairman) [et al.]. – Oryol: Oryol Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2021. – 81 p.
4. Artificial intelligence in the service of the police. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://news.rambler.ru/internet/48715031/?utm_content=news_media&utm_medium=read_more&utm_source=copylink (date accessed: 02.11.2024).
5. On approval of the Departmental program for digital transformation of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for 2022 – 2024: Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated 11.01.2022 No. 1/37 (as amended on 30.06.2022) //SPS “Consultant Plus” (date accessed: 02.11.2024).

LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
KHROMOV Aslan Mukhametbievich
lecturer of Physical training sub-faculty, North Caucasian Institute for Advanced Training (branch), Krasnodar University MIA of Russia, major of police
METHODS OF TRAINING LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS IN HAND-TO-HAND COMBAT
This article discusses the methods of training law enforcement officers in hand-to-hand combat. Due to the fact that employees of the internal affairs bodies are faced with the task of ensuring public order and public safety, they must be physically developed and effectively master the techniques of struggle in order to successfully solve the tasks of forcible suppression of illegal actions. As part of the educational process in the educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, not enough time is devoted to the development of fighting skills. Thus, a number of authors [3] note that the level of training of the average police officer in hand-to-hand combat is low and does not properly meet the requirements of society.
Based on the above, there is a need to increase the level of physical training of police officers in terms of mastery of hand-to-hand combat techniques. Therefore, the active introduction and development of physical training through training in the skills of service and applied sports, which include hand-to-hand combat, becomes a very urgent task.
Keywords: law enforcement agencies, police officers, hand-to-hand combat, motor skills, technical features, training equipment, physical development.
Article bibliography
1. Barkalov S. N. Actual aspects of technical training in martial arts // Physical education and sport: current issues of theory and practice: collection of materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference. – Rostov-on-Don: RUI MVD of Russia, 2018. – P. 22-28.
2. Gubzhokov A. Kh. Modern approach to improving the physical fitness of students and cadets in the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia // Modern scientist. – 2017. – Vol. 1. No. 1. -P. 75-78.
3. Medvedev I. V. Improving the methodology of combat wrestling techniques as a criterion for professional competence of students of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia // Problems of modern pedagogical education. Collection of scientific papers. – No. 54 (6). – Yalta: RIO GPA, 2017. – P. 187-193.
4. Nastuev E. B. The relationship between physical education and professional training of law enforcement officers of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia // Science and sport: modern trends. – 2018. – T. 19. No. 2. – P. 102-106.

LAW ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITIES
YUSUPOVA Svetlana Invirovna
lecturer of the Cycle of professional service and physical training, Ufa School for the Training of Dog Handlers of the MIA of Russia
PANTELEEVA Nadezhda Alexandrovna
lecturer of Fire training sub-faculty, Ural Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, Yekaterinburg
SULEYMANOV Maxim Vyachslavovich
lecturer of Tactical and special training sub-faculty, Stavropol branch, Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL QUALITIES OF A LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER WHEN APPLYING FIRE TRAINING SKILLS
This article analyzes the aspects of the formation of professional qualities of a law enforcement officer when applying fire training skills. The importance of the discipline “Fire training” and its high priority among other academic disciplines in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is highlighted. The authors focus on the acquisition of competencies and skills necessary in official activities, and also highlight the main elements of improving the professional qualities of a law enforcement officer when applying fire training skills. The article emphasizes the importance of involving practitioners from territorial authorities in the training process.
Keywords: fire training, professional qualities, internal affairs agencies, professional qualities, law enforcement officer, training effectiveness.
Article bibliographic list
1. Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated 05.05.2018 No. 275 (as amended on 10.01.2022) “On approval of the Procedure for organizing the training of personnel to fill positions in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation” // Access from the reference and legal system “Consultant Plus”.
2. Vasiliev V. V., Gorbachev V. V. “Necessity, possibility and sufficiency: legal and didactic problems of involving practical employees of internal affairs bodies in conducting classes in universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia” // Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – 2020. – No. 1 (49). – P. 175- 179.
3. Kosovsky V. B., Kosovskaya D. V. The Importance of Psychological Readiness in the Process of Fire Training // Collection of scientific articles on the results of the Russian Science Week in the Ryazan branch of the Moscow University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia named after V. Ya. Kikotya, 2022. – P. 66-70.
4. Tokarev E. A. Ways to overcome fear when handling firearms // Training of personnel for law enforcement agencies: modern trends and educational technologies. – 2023. – pp. 123-127.

PROSECUTORAL SUPERVISION
LYAPICHEVA Natalya Sergeevna
lecturer of Administrative activities and public order protection sub-faculty, Volgograd Academy of the MIA of Russia
ZHELEZKIN Andrey Sergeevich
lecturer of Administrative activities and public order protection sub-faculty, Volgograd Academy of the MIA of Russia
PROSECUTORAL SUPERVISION OVER OBSERVATION OF THE RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS OF HUMAN AND CITIZENS DURING PRE-TRIAL PROCEEDINGS
Legislative dynamics in the Russian Federation have distinctive features characterized by constant and intensive transformations. Corresponding changes are also observed in the field of criminal legislation, especially in the legal framework regulating the pre-trial process. The interaction between the state and society during the investigation and detection of crimes significantly affects the rights and freedoms of the individual as a citizen. At the same time, the activities of the preliminary investigation and inquiry bodies are inextricably linked with this dynamics. However, it is critical to highlight the existing inefficiencies in these activities, which requires the establishment of supervisory and oversight bodies to improve efficiency.
Keywords: prosecutorial supervision, preliminary investigation, pre-trial proceedings, control, competencies.
Bibliographic list of articles:
1. Bozrov V.M. [etc.]. Law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation: a textbook for universities / Edited by V. M. Bozrov. – 5th ed., revised. and additional – Moscow: Yurait Publishing House, 2023. – 383 p. – (Higher education). – ISBN 978-5-534-16791-7. – Text: electronic // Educational platform Yurait [website]. [Electronic resource]. – Mode access: https://urait.ru/bcode/531719.
2. Maevsky S. S., Lozhkin V. A. Functional analysis of the prosecutor’s activities at the pre-trial stages of criminal proceedings // Issues of Russian and international law. – 2022. – V. 12. No. 9-1. – P. 420.
3. Makarenko M. A. Procedural functions of management, control and supervision in pre-trial stages of criminal proceedings // Law enforcement in public and private law: materials of the International scientific conference , Omsk, March 26, 2021. – Omsk: Omsk State University named after F. M. Dostoevsky, 2021. – P. 149-153.

SECURITY AND LAW
ARAMISOV Amir Aslanovich
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, lecturer of Internal affairs activities in special conditions sub-faculty, North Caucasus Institute for Advanced Studies (branch), Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, major of police
VOSKOBOEV Alexander Ivanovich
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, Head of Tactical and special training sub-faculty, Rostov Law Institute of the MIA of Russia
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AS A TOOL TO COUNTER THE PROPAGANDA OF EXTREMIST AND TERRORIST IDEOLOGY
The article discusses the features of using artificial intelligence technologyhnologies as a tool to counter the propaganda of extremist and terrorist ideology. Artificial intelligence is an integral part of the life of society. The introduction of artificial intelligence technologies contributes to the development of science, economics, society and the state as a whole. However, artificial intelligence is also a tool for committing criminal acts, especially terrorist and extremist ones. Every year, the proportion of crimes committed with the use of artificial intelligence technologies of a terrorist and extremist nature increases, which requires the development and application of new methods of counteraction. It is for this reason that it is necessary to create a technological and regulatory foundation in the field of artificial intelligence regulation. In the Russian Federation, a system of regulatory relations in the field of artificial intelligence has not been formed. Documents of an advisory and strategic nature have been developed, which indirectly indicate the directions for the use of information technology and artificial intelligence in countering the propaganda of extremist and terrorist ideology. The use of these countermeasures requires certain knowledge in the field of artificial intelligence, which places new demands on the training of law enforcement officers.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, extremism, terrorism, counteraction, information technology , neural networks, fakes, ideology, video surveillance, informatization.
Article bibliography
1. Federal Law “On Information, Information Technologies and Information Protection” dated 27.07.2006 No. 149 .
2. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 05/29/2020 No. 344 “On approval of the Strategy for countering extremism in the Russian Federation until 2025”.
3. Bychkov V.V., Prorvich V.A. Artificial intelligence as a means of counteraction crimes of an extremist nature committed using information and telecommunications networks, including the Internet // Bulletin of the Moscow Academy of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation. 2020. No. 4. P. 47-52.
4. Gedgafov M. M. The role of artificial intelligence in countering terrorism // Journal of Applied Research. 2023. No. 8. P. 91-95.
5. Krylov M. A. Terrorism and artificial intelligence // Issues of the activities of subdivisions of the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation: collection of scientific papers / edited by S. V. Kleshchev , Yu. V. Sidorova, E. A. Dotsenko. Tver, 2022. P. 156-162.
6. Shaposhnikov A. A., Evstratova Yu. A. Prospects for the use of artificial intelligence technology in operational-search support of investigation and prevention of terrorist crimes // Social competence. 2023. T. 8. No. 1. pp. 40-46.

SAFETY AND LAW
BALAEVA Jamilya Rashidovna
Ph.D. in Law, senior lecturer of Internal affairs management in special conditions sub-faculty of the Center for Command and Staff Exercises, Academy of Management of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel
DIKINOV Andzor Khasanbievich
Ph.D. in economical sciences, professor, leading researcher of the Department of Scientific Research and Innovation, H. M. Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University
ECONOMIC AND NATIONAL SECURITY: INTERRELATION IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION
The article considers the relationship between economics and national security in the context of digitalization. Digitalization processes contribute to strengthening the relationship between various spheres of society. Issues of ensuring state security in the context of digitalization are relevant, since the development of digital and information technologies contributes to the development of the state, and on the other hand, leading to the emergence of new threats. In the sphere of economy and national security, there are significant risks of committing cybercrimes. Cybercrime is distinguished by its scale, committed in one industry, it indirectly or directly affects other sectors and the functioning of the state as a whole. National security of the state in the context of aggravation of geopolitical conflicts is of paramount importance, and its provision is one of the tasks of the state. Economic security is one of the components of national security, it should be noted that the higher the level of development of the country’s economy, the more significant its impact on the national security of the state. It is obvious that digitalization of the economy contributes to an increase in the level of its influence on the national security of the state. It is necessary to identify the criteria of economic security, which will determine its impact on the national security of the country in the context of digitalization.
Keywords: digitalization, national security, economic security,information technology, cybercrime, risks, informatization, public policy.
Article bibliography
1. Abdrakhmanova G. I., Vasilkovsky S. A., Vishnevsky K. O., et al. Digital Economy: 2022. Moscow: National Research University Higher School of Economics, 2022. 124 p.
2. Ageeva O. A., Kuchukova N. K., Matytsyna Yu. D. Specifics of Ensuring Economic Security in the Context of Digitalization // Bulletin of the University. 2022. No. 4. P. 100-106.
3. Baziyev, A. Kh. Economic and National Security: Relationship Issues // Young Scientist. 2017. No. 48 (182). P. 229-232.
4. Osipov A. N. Ensuring national economic security in the context of digitalization of society and economy // Scientific interdisciplinary research. 2020. No. 1. P. 216-221.
5. Rogozhina N. V. Digital economy as a factor in strategic development and economic security // Young scientist. 2020. No. 41 (331). P. 258-260.

SAFETY AND LAW
GOTSKAYA Natalya Robertovna
associate professor of Operational investigative activities and special equipment sub-faculty, Stavropol Branch, Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
THE ESSENCE OF DOCUMENTING CRIMINAL ACTIVITY BY OPERATIONAL UNITS OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS BODIES
Today, the problem of terrorism occupies one of the first places among social dangers that threaten both humanity and world civilization as a whole. Terrorism threatens not only political stabilization, but also disrupts the established way of social life. This problem has become especially relevant in connection with the commission of terrorist acts over the past decades. Therefore, international law has developed definitions of such crimes of an international nature as terrorism and the financing of terrorism. Given the rapid volatility of the situation in the field of terrorist financing, it is necessary to develop timely measures to counter this negative phenomenon.
Keywords: terrorist organizations, terrorist activities, terrorist financing, criminal activities , money laundering.
Article bibliographic list
1. Lyakhov E. G. International institutional counter-terrorism systems. – M.: International Relations, 2012. – P. 43.
2 . Zhalilov M. Terrorism as a threat to stability in the world, the relevance of the fight against terrorism // Young scientist. – 2013. – No. 7. – P. 281-282.
3. Vasilenko V. I. Terrorism as a socio-political phenomenon . – M.: RAGS, 2012. – 218 p.
4. Yakovlev A. Yu. In search of a legal qualification of terrorism // Problems of law. – 2011. – No. 5.

SECURITY AND LAW
MOROZOVA Natalya Semyonovna
Ph.D. in Law, senior researcher, O. E. Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)
CURRENT ISSUES IN THE FORMATION OF A NATIONAL MODEL OF PUBLIC MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION SECURITY IN THE FIELD OF HEALTHCARE
The article examines problematic aspects of legal regulation of digital healthcare, including in the field of building a national model of state management of information security. Currently, the issue of developing a set of measures for the ethical assessment of innovative digital solutions introduced into clinical practice has not been fully resolved, which creates serious risks of violating the rights of citizens in this area. It is shown that in order to improve the mechanisms of legal protection of the above categories of citizens, the legislator needs to form a legal basis for digital medical supervision in the field of healthcare. The author also highlights the main directions for the formation of a national model of state management of information security as a central element of the digital ecosystem in the field of healthcare.
Keywords: information security, digital health, artificial intelligence, medical surveillance, digital ecosystem, public administration.

SAFETY AND LAW
OVCHINSKIY Anatoliy Semenovich
Ph.D. in technical sciences, professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, professor of Information security sub-faculty of the Educational and Scientific Complex of Information Technologies, V. Ya. Kikot Moscow University of the MIA of Russia
ZHURAVLENKO Nikolay Ivanovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of Mathematical modeling and information security sub-faculty, Neftekamsk branch, Ufa University of Science and Technology
AYUPOVA Aygul Rafisovna
Ph.D. in Physical and Mathematical Sciences, associate professor, associate professor of Mathematical modeling and information security sub-faculty, Neftekamsk branch, Ufa University of Science and Technology
USING GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN IDEOLOGICAL COMBATING DESTRUCTIVE ONLINE COMMUNITIES
Currently, with the development of Internet communications, network resources are beginning to play a significant role in the formation of intellectual and intellectual positions. At the same time, online communities are coming to the forefront of the mental-cognitive war, uniting on the basis of destructive ideas. The article examines destructive ideas, ideologemes and ideologies as objects of confrontation with structureless network communities. Generative artificial intelligence is considered in the article as a tool for combating destructive, structureless communities, contributing to the formation of intellectual resources of information warfare. Having mastered the appropriate tools, you can create automated information impact systems (ASIS), which in the space of network communications will attack any attempts to create andspread information-psychological destruction with worldview, historical and ideological arguments.
Keywords: information security, prolonged operations, destructive online communities, mental-cognitive warfare, destructive ideologies, system-structural analysis, generative artificial intelligence.
Article bibliography
1. Russia and decolonization: introduction. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://youtube.com›channel/UC99wm7n_xH6OGXH_9S1c_OA.
2. Vardan Baghdasaryan. “Yeltsin Center”. Expert assessment of activities in the focus of threats to Russia’s national security / Izborsk Club. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://izborsk-club.ru/24093 (date of access: 03.05.2023).
3. Speech by V. V. Putin at the Valdai Forum. 2021. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://youtu.be/mG5U4RtqcHs (date of access: 21.04.2024).
4. Shchipkov A. V. Unfinished Nazism. Genesis, transformations and related phenomena. – M.: RPU of St. John the Theologian, 2024. – 134 p.
5. Shchipkov A. V. Ideology of social traditionalism (social tradition). – M.: RPU of St. John the Theologian, 2023. – 64 p.

EDAGOGY AND LAW
BREDIKHIN Anton Viktorovich
Ph.D. in historical sciences, senior lecturer, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University
BOGATYREVA Olga Vasiljevna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor of History sub-faculty, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technology and Management (First Cossack University)
LUSTIN Yuriy Mikhaylovich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of Philosophy sub-faculty, M. Tugan-Baranovsky Donetsk National University of Economics and Trade
DIGITALIZATION OF A MODERN UNIVERSITY: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS, THE VIEW OF AN EMPLOYEE AND A SCIENTIST
This article examines the main trends of modern digitalization of society, expressed in the development of online educational technologies. The authors present an assessment of online education using the example of digitalization of the university environment. As a result of the study, the authors draw a line in the discussion about the need to expand online technologies in education as a factor of “digitalized humanism”, speaking about the need to preserve a number of traditional forms of education, primarily of a lecture nature.
Keywords: humanism, criticism, science, online education, university, digitalization
Article bibliography
1. Dzyuban V. V. The problem of introducing digital technologies into the education system in the XX-XXI centuries // Arkhon. – 2021. – No. 6 (27). – P. 34-39.
2. Lustin Yu. M. Reflexive thinking of a student in the epistemological dominant of digital education // Arkhon. – 2022. – No. 5 (32). – P. 93-102.
3. Osipova N. G. Digitalization of social reality: key discussions // Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 18: sociology and political science. – 2022. – Vol. 28. No. 3. – P. 7-27.
4. Razbeglova T. P. Digitalization of the educational environment and the fate of humanistic culture in the 21st century // Arkhont. – 2022. – No. 6 (33). – P. 60-71.
5. Khripunova A. N. Spiritual online courses as an element of the modern educational space // Arkhont. – 2023. – No. 6 (39). – pp. 85-89.

EDAGOGY AND LAW
BURUKIN Vadim Valerjevich
Ph.D. in historical sciences, associate professor of Philosophy and history sub-faculty, Academy of Law and Management of the FPS of Russia
PECHERSKIY Daniil Vadimovich
Student, Institute of Training of State and Municipal Employees, Academy of Law and Management of the FPS of Russia
THE STUDY OF THE PHENOMENON OF INTERACTIVE TECHNOLOGIES AS A TOOL FOR OVERCOMING DIDACTIC CONTRADICTIONS IN HIGHER EDUCATION
In the context of the article, the authors consider the contradictions between the Bologna concept implemented in Russia and the requirements for an up-to-date higher education system. The elements of didactic contradictions arising against this background require the introduction of new approaches to the construction of the Russian higher education system that meets the requirements of post-industrial reality. The authors believe that the introduction of interactive educational technologies may be a possible way to resolve these contradictions.
Keywords: higher education, didactics, interactive technologies
Article bibliography
1. Tarkhanova I. Yu. New didactics: post-academic syndrome // Prospects for the development of research in the field of educational sciences: Proceedings of the international scientific and practical conference, Moscow, December 06-07, 2021. – M .: RAO, 2022. – P. 145-150.
2. Subject of trainingI in the school educational process / Ed. by E. O. Ivanova, I. M. Osmolovskaya. – M .: RAO. 2012 .– 384 p.
3. Yaster I. V. Interactive technologies in higher pedagogical education as a condition for its effectiveness // Problems of Russian civilization and methods of teaching history. – 2023. – No. 15. – P. 133-140.
4. Konovalov E. N., Shtyrova I. A. Interactive technologies as a means of improving the quality of education // Information and education: boundaries of communications. – 2022. – No. 14 (22). – P. 407-408.
5. Tuarmensky A. V., Shuktomov K. B. Information chat bot in the digital educational environment // Information technologies in the modern world – 2022: Collection of materials and reports of the XVIII All-Russian (with international participation) student conference, Yekaterinburg, May 16, 2022. – Yekaterinburg: “Humanitarian University”, 2022. – P. 126-129. – EDN DKRKCG.
6. Remorenko I. M. Principles of digital didactics // Modern “digital” didactics. – M .: GreenPrint, 2022. – P. 5-34.
7. Guzeev V. Organization of a lesson in the form of a problem-solving seminar // Public education. – 2002. – No. 8. – P. 85-90.
8. Buzan T., Buzan B. Superthinking. – Minsk: Popurri, 2003. -304 p.
9. Makhmudov M. N., Shchevyev A. A., Shchevyeva L. N. Mind maps in the educational process: online services and classical use // Psychological and pedagogical search. – 2018. – No. 4 (48). – pp. 116-120.

EDAGOGY AND LAW
EGOROVA Olga Igorevna
magister student, pedagogical education in the field of social sciences and humanities of Logic, philosophy and methodology of sciences sub-faculty, I. S. Turgenev Oryol State University
FOMINA Darya Sergeevna
magister student, pedagogical education in the field of social sciences and humanities of Logic, philosophy and methodology of sciences sub-faculty, I. S. Turgenev Oryol State University
GLADILOVA Elena Alexeevna
magister student, pedagogical education in the field of social sciences and humanities of Logic, philosophy and methodology of sciences sub-faculty, I. S. Turgenev Oryol State University
MORAL EDUCATION OF THE YOUNGER GENERATION: THE ESSENCE AND MAIN PROBLEMS
Considering the problem of moral education of the younger generation, the essence of this phenomenon was highlighted, the main problems preventing the successful formation of the moral principles of a young person were identified, and consistent actions were proposed to eliminate obstacles that interfere with the qualitative and correct content of the moral foundations of the personality. The importance of developing and modernizing the process of educating a person of moral foundations is due to the constantly changing conditions of all spheres of social life. All innovations introduced into the process of moral education of the younger generation require detailed study and logical justification, as well as determining the possible benefits and harms from the measures taken, since the phenomenon is specific and global, because the future development and functioning of society depends on it.
Keywords: personality, moral education, moral foundations, society.
Article bibliography
1. Veringalitsky D. V. On moral education // Social pedagogy. – 2012. – No. 3. [Electronic resource] – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/o-nravstvennom-vospitanii (date of access: 05/06/2024).
2. Goncharova N. V., Fenoukhin V. I. The main problems of moral and spiritual education in modern society and ways to solve them // Social and humanitarian knowledge. – 2021. – No. 2. [Electronic resource] – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osnovnye-problemy-nravstvennogo-i-duhovnogo-vospitaniya-v-sovremennom-obschestve-i-puti-ih-resheniya (date of access: 05/29/2024).
3. Nikolaev A. V., Schastny P. S. The problem of spiritual and moral education of the individual and the main scientific and theoretical approaches to solving this problem // Territory of Science. – 2014. – No. 5. [Electronic resource] – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/problema-duhovno-nravstvennogo-vospitaniya-lichnosti-i-osnovnye-nauchno-teoreticheskie-podhody-k-resheniyu-dannoy-problemy (date of access: 05/29/2024).
4. Stegniy V. N. Personality in modern society: the problem of awareness of one’s social future. – Perm, 2021. – 314 p.

PEDAGOGY AND LAW
VERKHOZINA Olga Alexandrovna
Ph.D. in Psychological Sciences, associate professor of Social and humanitarian disciplines sub-faculty, Russian Biotechnological University
VOLKOVA Anastasiya Alexandrovna
leading specialist, Academician I. A. Rogov of the Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Applied Biotechnology and Food Engineering
REGULATORY ANDLEGAL CONDITIONS FOR THE EDUCATION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES
The article discusses the issues of regulatory and legal provision of educational opportunities for people with disabilities at different levels in the Russian Federation. Of particular importance is the need to create conditions for the education of people with disabilities in educational institutions in order, first of all, to integrate and adapt people with disabilities, their further employment and employment.
Keywords: regulatory and legal conditions, students with disabilities, integration and adaptation of the disabilities, education of the disabilities.

EDAGOGY AND LAW
ZORINA Natalya Sergeevna
senior researcher of the Department for Improving Legal Regulation of the Penitentiary System, Center for the Study of Problems of Management and Organization of the Execution of Sentences in the Penitentiary System of the Federal State Institution “Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service” of Russia
TSARKOVA Evgeniya Gennadjevna
Ph.D. in physical and mathematical sciences, leading researcher of the Department for the Study of Employment Problems of Convicts and Economic Problems of the Functioning of the Penal Correction System, Center for the Study of Problems of Management and Organization of the Execution of Sentences in the Penitentiary System of the Federal State Institution “Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service” of Russia
THE FORMATION OF MOTIVATION FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AMONG JUVENILE OFFENDERS IN CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES
The article examines the psychological and social aspects of forming motivation for a healthy lifestyle among juvenile offenders in correctional facilities. It describes the methods and practices aimed at increasing motivation for a healthy lifestyle, emphasizing the importance of an individual approach in the rehabilitation process.
Keywords: the penal enforcement system, healthy lifestyle, motivation, juvenile offenders, correctional facilities, rehabilitation.
Article bibliography
1. Rogova E. V., Nikolaeva I. A. Formation of motivation for a healthy lifestyle in adolescents: theory and practice. – SPb.: Rech, 2019. – 256 p.
2. Bazarov T. Yu., Belyatsky A. K. Psychology of Management: Textbook. – 3rd ed., corrected. and additional. – M.: Yurait, 2018. – 437 p.
3. Mudrik A. V. Social pedagogy: Textbook for universities. – M.: Academy, 2020. – 416 p.
4. Tsarkova E. G., Zorina N. S. Principles and methods of pedagogical influence on juvenile convicts // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2024. – No. 2 (189 ). – P. 449-450.

PEDAGOGY AND LAW
KRAUTMAN Tatyana Evgenjevna
Ph.D. in philological sciences, associate professor, associate professor of Humanitarian and socio-economical disciplines sub-faculty, Crimean branch, Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, Simferopol
BALATSKAYA Yuliya Yurjevna
lecturer of Humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines sub-faculty, Crimean branch, Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, Simferopol
FUNDAMENTALS OF LINGUISTIC EXPERTISE IN CRIMINAL CASES OF TERRORISM AND EXTREMISM INVOLVING FOREIGN CITIZENS
The article examines the problems of conducting linguistic expertise in criminal cases on terrorism and extremism, affecting the achievement of objectivity and legality of court decisions. Attention is drawn to the need to train legal linguists for a qualified assessment of texts. Various approaches to conducting linguistic expertise are given. The necessity of creating a methodology for conducting linguistic expertise of foreign texts is substantiated.
Keywords: forensic linguistic expertise, terrorism, extremism, criminal case, propaganda, appeal, expert assessment of the text.
Article bibliography
1. Baranov A. N., Parshin P. B. The category of propaganda in linguistic examination of the text // Theory and practice of forensic examination. – 2017. – Volume 12. – № 2. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: 310-612-1-SM.pdf (date of access: 03.08.2024).
2.Butkevich S. A. Prevention of extremism and terrorism and the activities of the mass media: problems of synthesis and prospects for collaboration // Scientific notes of the Crimean Federal University named after V. I. Vernadsky. Legal sciences. – 2017. – V. 2 (68). No. 1. – P. 115-123.
3. Butkevich S. A., Konopleva A. A. Spread of extremism in the Republic of Crimea: problems of counteraction and ways of their solution / / Bulletin of the Kazan Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. Criminal law and criminology – 2015. – No. 1 (19). – P. 76-83.
4. Kara-Murza E. S. Linguistic examination as a procedure forlytic linguistics // Political linguistics. – 2009. – No. 1 (27). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: lingvisticheskaya-ekspertiza-kak-protsedura-politicheskoy-lingvistiki.pdf.
5. Linguistic examination will be carried out by state institutions // Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://minjust.gov.ru/ru/events/49386/ (date of access 03.08.2024).
6. Ter-Minasova S. G. Language and intercultural communication. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: *ter-minasova-yazik-i-mkk-BOOK.pdf (date accessed: 03.08.2024).
7. Chudina-Shmidt N. V. Methods and means of moral and psychological training of police officers to ensure adequate behavior in the performance of official tasks in extreme conditions // Psychological, pedagogical and ethical aspects in law enforcement. – Barnaul Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. – P. 319-320.
8. Shekhovtsova L. S. Preparation and appointment of forensic linguistic examination in the investigation of cases of organizing illegal migration // Bulletin of Tula State University. Economic and legal sciences. – 2022. – Issue. 3. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: preparation and assignment of a judicial-linguistic examination during the investigation of a case involving illegal migration (1).pdf.

PEDAGOGY AND LAW
KANUKOEV Astemir Musovich
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, senior lecturer, North Caucasus Institute for Advanced Studies (branch), Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, major police
KODZOKOV Aznaur Khasanovich
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, senior lecturer, North Caucasus Institute for Advanced Studies (branch), Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel of police
BAUYEV Shamil Khadzhimuratovich
lecturer, North Caucasus Institute for Advanced Studies (branch), Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, captain of police
LEGAL FEATURES OF PHYSICAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS AND CADETS OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF RUSSIA
Physical training of students and cadets of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia has its own characteristics in comparison with traditional forms of physical training implemented in educational institutions of other profiles of professional training. Physical training of students and cadets of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia is distinguished by the specificity of the goals and objectives of training, namely, the goal of physical training is to develop applied skills and abilities in future employees of the internal affairs bodies (IAB), which will allow them to perform official tasks related to the suppression of illegal actions through the use of physical force with maximum efficiency. Physical training in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia includes two types of training: general physical training and professionally applied physical training. In educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, special attention should be paid to professionally applied physical training, which in turn must meet the requirements for the level of physical training of the employees of the IAB. The requirements for the level and components of physical training of employees are regulated by legal regulatory acts, in particular the Federal Law “On Police”. The organization of physical training in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia requires a comprehensive approach aimed at the formation of applied skills and abilities.
Keywords: physical training, police, cadets, students, service activities, professional training, education, counteraction, educational and training activities, professional competencies.
Article bibliography
1. Federal Law “On Police” dated 07.02.2011 No. 3-FZ.
2. Kuznetsov S. V. Organization of physical training in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation: monograph. – Nizhny Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2020. – 396 p.
3. Petrov K. N. Organization of physical training in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia // Pedagogy. Theoretical and Practical Issues. – 2022. – V. 7. No. 5. – P. 557-560.
4. Service and applied physical training of cadets of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia: a tutorial / Auth. coll. – Ekaterinburg: Ural Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2022. – 72 p.
5. Khromov V. A., Krasilov O. V., Balakin Yu. P. On the issue of comprehensive improvement of professional training of police officers in the framework of mastering the discipline “Physical Fitness” // Bulletin of Economic Security. – 2021. – No. 3. – P. 323-327.

PEDAGOGY AND LAW
KRIVCHUN Natalya Arkadjevna
Ph.D. in technical sciences, associate professor of Applied mechanics sub-faculty, Tyumen Industrial University
THE RIGHT OF RURAL YOUTH TO ENGAGE IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS
Based on the research conducted in rural settlements in the south of the Tyumen region in 2020-2023, the author shows that in rural areas there is a significant differentiation in opportunities to engage in physical culture and sports. It is shown that in rural settlements located near the district centers and in the district centers themselves, the condition of the sports infrastructure is satisfactory, they have sections, sports equipment and qualified coaches. But in most rural settlements there are not only sports facilities, stadiums, they do not have sports grounds for physical exercise for children, adolescents and youth.
Keywords: the right to engage in physical culture and sports, rural population, rural territories, rural youth, sports infrastructure.
Article bibliography
1. Belozerov V. I. Social phenomena of physical culture and sports through the eyes of youth // Bulletin of Moscow University . Series 18. Sociology and political science. – 2024. – No. 1. – P. 68-73.
2. Law of the Tyumen region “On physical culture and sports in the Tyumen region” dated December 23, 2004 No. 329. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://tyumen-pravo.ru/zakon/2004/12/28/n-329/?ysclid=lyr0rhcnms650198082 (date of access: 11.9.2024).
3. Dragic O. A., Subbotin V. Ya., Ploskov A.L., Poltavskaya L. R. Professional and applied physical training of students of technical universities (study guide) // International Journal of Applied and Fundamental Research. – 2014. – No. 6. – P. 98-99.
4. Sagiev T. A., Fokin A. M., Alyabyev A. N., Subbotin V. Ya. Relevance of strength abilities of biathletes in competitive activities // Bulletin of Tula State University. Physical Education. Sport . – 2020. – No. 10. – P. 156-162.
5. Suvorova A. E., Rysev Yu. L. Development of student sports in modern conditions / In the collection: Student sports in the modern world. Collection of materials of the All-Russian scientific – practical conference with international participation. – St. Petersburg, 2024. – P. 226-229.
6. Sadykova H. N., Subbotin V. Ya. Economic consequences of raising the retirement age of Russians: problem statement // Eurasian Legal magazine. – 2019. – No. 7 (134). – P. 396-397.
7. Subbotin V. Ya. Analysis of the attitude of students of a technical university to active physical education / In the collection: GTO: implementation practice. materials of the All-Russian student conference within the framework of the implementation of the program for the development of student associations and the All-Russian youth project “GTO Students”. – 2015. – P. 116-120.
8. Subbotin V. Ya. Life as a sport and life in sport: monograph . – Tyumen: TIU, 2024. – 196 p.

PEDAGOGY AND LAW
POPOV Igor Vadimovich
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, Deputy Head of Penal enforcement law and organization of punishments not related to isolation of convicts from society sub-faculty, Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
GREVTSEV Oleg Igorevich
Ph.D. in technical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of Information and communication technologies in education sub-faculty, Samara State Socio-Pedagogical University
PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZING THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IN THE FIELD OF TRAINING SAMPLE OPERATORS
The active digitalization of society, as well as the reform of penal enforcement policy, coupled with the active dissemination of punishments not related to the isolation of convicts from society, requires a special approach in the process of executing these types of punishments. To date, control over the execution of punishments not related to the isolation of convicts from society is implemented through the use of devices and electronic monitoring systems of controlled persons. The effective use of these devices requires high-quality training from employees of penal enforcement inspections to implement the goals of penal enforcement legislation. In this regard, the training process for future electronic monitoring systems of controlled persons operator employees should meet the modern demands of the penal enforcement system.
Within the framework of this work, the authors examined the main problematic aspects of the organization of the educational process of educational institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service for higher education and advanced training programs, through the prism of didactics. In the course of the study, the authors came to the conclusion that the construction of the educational process in accordance with the basic provisions of didactics will allow us to qualitatively prepare future electronic monitoring systems of controlled persons operators for work.
Keywords: penal inspection, electronic monitoring system of controlled persons, pedagogy, educational process, didactics, principles, practical classes, theory of education, higher education.
Article bibliography
1. GeekBrains. What is didactics: basic concepts, principles and sections. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://gb.ru/blog/chto-takoe-didaktika/ (date of access: 15.07.2024).
2. Mazeina O. N. Didactic and methodological foundations of training employees of the penal system in the process of their adaptation to professional activities // Bulletin of the Kuzbass Institute. – 2015. – No. 2 (23). – P. 181-186.
3. Imbashev I. S. Problems of Teaching Technical Disciplines in Higher Education Institutions and Features of Working with Students // Proceedings of the IX International Student Scientific Conference “Student Scientific Forum”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://scienceforum.ru/2017/article/2017031725 (accessed: 15.07.2024).
4. The Great Didactics of J. A. Komensky. – SPb .: Simashko, 1875. – 282 p.

PEDAGOGY AND LAW
RYASOV Alexander Vladimirovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, professor of Operational investigative activities and special equipment sub-faculty, Stavropol branch, Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
MESHCHERIN Alexander Ivanovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, Head of Operational investigative activities and special equipment sub-faculty, Stavropol branch, Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE OF EMPLOYEES OF EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF RUSSIA IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TRAINING FORM OF EDUCATION
Professional competence of employees of educational organizations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the implementation of the training form of education The article discusses some aspects of the implementation of the training form of education in specialized educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The emphasis is on the target component of practical training, which allows graduates to form the necessary professional skills and knowledge. Special attention is paid to the optimal forms of training sessions. The forms and features of communicative training are determined.
Keywords: practical orientation of training, educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, training form of classes, skill training.
Article bibliographic list
1. Gonnov R. V., Ryasov A. V., Gotskaya N. R. Problems of forming the teaching staff of departmental educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia // Education. Science. Scientific personnel. – 2021. – No. 4. – P. 252.
2. Meshcherin A. I., Ryasov A. V. Monitoring of information and telecommunication networks: operational-search aspect // Law and Order. – 2022. – No. 12. – P. 202-204.

EDAGOGY AND LAW
STETSENKO Nikolay Vasiljevich
senior lecturer of Special disciplines sub-faculty, Crimean branch, Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant of colonel police
VALIEVA Albina Rifovna
Ph.D. in political sciences, associate professor of Socio-economic and humanitarian disciplines sub-faculty, Bashkir State Agrarian University, Ufa
KHAKIMOV Nazim Nazipovich
senior lecturer of Professional training sub-faculty, Ufa Law Institute of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel of police
IVANOV Eduard Yurjevich
lecturer of the Cycle of Cynology, Ufa School for the Training of dog hanglers of the MIA of Russia, captain of police
ON THE ROLE OF AN INTEGRATED APPROACH IN THE TRAINING OF FUTURE LAWYERS
This article examines the importance of an integrated approach in the training of future lawyers. The modern realities of the legal profession require students not only to have in-depth knowledge in the field of jurisprudence, but also to develop practical skills, analytical thinking and the ability to interdisciplinary interaction. The authors emphasize the importance of integrating theoretical and practical components into the educational process, which allows students to successfully adapt to the challenges of the profession. The results of the study demonstrate that an integrated approach contributes to the formation of students not only professional competencies, but also personal qualities necessary for successful professional activity.
Keywords: integrated approach, competence, lawyer, interdisciplinary communication, skills development.
State Biblegraphical list
1. Agranovich N. V., Babasheva G. G. Distance learning – an integral part of an integrated approach to higher education // Modern trends in education and science: collection of scientific papers based on the materials of the International scientific and practical conference on October 31, 2013: in 26 parts, Tambov, October 31, 2013. Volume Part 2. – Tambov: OOO “Consulting company Yukom”, 2013. – P. 12-13. – EDN SBGAPJ.
2. Buzarov K. I. Integrated approach as a methodological principle for constructing the educational system of the school (theoretical aspect) // Bulletin of Adyghe State University. Series 3: Pedagogy and Psychology. – 2012. – No. 2. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kompleksnyy-podhod-kak-metodologicheskiy-printsip-postroeniya-vospitatelnoy-sistemy-shkoly-teoreticheskiy-aspekt (date of access: 01.10.2024).
3. Markova S. M., Beketova Yu. A., Filatova E. V., An integrated approach as a basis for the study of professional education // Problems of modern pedagogical education. – 2020. – No. 67-3. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kompleksnyy-podhod-kak-osnova-issledovaniya-professionalnogo-obrazovaniya (date of access: 01.10.2024).
4. Raikhlina A. V., Gromova M. V., Kolesov R. V. An integrated approach to the implementation of blended learning in higher education // Open education. – 2022. – No. 4. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kompleksnyy-podhod-k-vnedreniyu-smeshannogo-obucheniya-v-vysshey-shkole (date of access: 01.10.2024).

PEDAGOGY AND LAW
TUTOVA Olga Vasiljevna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor, senior lecturer of Humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines sub-faculty, Crimean branch, Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, Simferopol
GRIGORUS Lyudmila Nikolaevna
senior lecturer of Humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines sub-faculty, Crimean branch, Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, Simferopol
THE MODEL OF DEVELOPING THE LEGAL WORLDVIEW OF STUDENTS IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE ICT PROGRESS
The article describes the developing of legal worldview of students in educational institutions of the ministry of internal affairs of Russia in the context of the progress of the information and communication technologies. This process is an important element of purposeful work with students. The article presents a model for the developing of the legal worldview of students in educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The features of its implementation in the context of the development of modern information and telecommunication technologies are described. The formation of the legal worldview of students is a complex process. It requires a harmonious combination of legal education and legal education. The use of well-chosen methods of education allows for the effective development of the legal worldview of students.
Keywords: the legal worldview, the information and communication technologies, professional activity, the model of developing the legal worldview of students, educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.
Article bibliography
1. Dudkin Yu. A. Methodological approaches to the formation of the legal worldview of cadets of universities of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia // Actual problems of the humanitarian and natural sciences. – 2016. – No. 4-3. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/metodologicheskie-podhody-k-formirovaniyu-pravovogo-mirovozzreniya-kursantov-vuzov-mvd-rossii (date of access: 10.09.2024).
2. Zhadan V. N. Experience of application of interactive and innovative forms and methods of teaching in teaching legal disciplines // Baltic Humanitarian Journal. – 2018. – No. 3. – P. 200-209.
3. Adaeva O. V. Features of implementation of legal education of employees of internal affairs bodies // Gaps in Russian legislation. – 2018. – No. 6. – P. 26-27.

EDAGOGY AND LAW
EGOROVA Olga Igorevna
magister student, pedagogical education in the field of social sciences and humanities of Logic, philosophy and methodology of sciences sub-faculty, I. S. Turgenev Oryol State University
FOMINA Darya Sergeevna
magister student, pedagogical education in the field of social sciences and humanities of Logic, philosophy and methodology of sciences sub-faculty, I. S. Turgenev Oryol State University
GLADILOVA Elena Alexeevna
magister student, pedagogical education in the field of social sciences and humanities of Logic, philosophy and methodology of sciences sub-faculty, I. S. Turgenev Oryol State University
MORAL AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF A PERSON AS COMPLEMENTARY CATEGORIES OF THE MODERN EDUCATIONAL PROCESS
Considering the problem of comprehensive personal development, aspects of education were highlighted: moral and physical, as well as their complementary influence. Playing sports is not only a health-enhancing factor, but also a phenomenon of an additional link of moral education of the individual, which entails a high degree of importance of physical education in the modern world. The influence of a person’s moral education on his physical education lies in the behavioral models used in various life situations, the correction of which is a problem due to their rooting in the individual’s consciousness.
Keywords: personality, moral education, physical education, society.
Article bibliographic list
1. Verin-Galitsky D. V. On moral education // Social pedagogy. 2012. No. 3. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/o-nravstvennom-vospitanii (date of access: 06.04.2024).
2. Osipova I. S. Potential of compliance with the principles of ethics for the formation of personality athlete // Bulletin of Shadrinsk State Pedagogical University. 2017. No. 4 (36). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/potentsial-soblyudeniya-printsipov-etiki-dlya-formirovaniya-lichnosti-sportsmena (date of access: 15.06.2024).
3. Stegniy V. N. Personality in modern society: the problem of awareness of one’s social future. Perm, 2021. 314 p.
4. Urokova S. B. The relationship between physical education and moral education // Problems of pedagogy. 2021. No. 1 (52). [Electronic resource ]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vzaimosvyaz-fizicheskogo-vospitaniya-s-nravstvennym-vospitaniem (date of access: 02.04.2024)
5. Shikhshabekov Sh. Yu., Magomedov G. K ., Ibragimova Sh. Z. Features of spiritual and moral education of youth in the system of physical education and sports // Bulletin of SPI. 2017. No. 1 (21). [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-duhovno-nravstvennogo-vospitaniya-molodezhi-v-sisteme-fizicheskogo-vospitaniya-i-sporta (date of access: 04/02/2024).

EDAGOGY AND LAW
ZORINA Natalya Sergeevna
senior researcher of the Department for Improving Legal Regulation of the Penitentiary System, Center for the Study of Problems of Management and Organization of the Execution of Sentences in the Penitentiary System of the Federal State Institution “Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service” of Russia
TSARKOVA Evgeniya Gennadjevna
Ph.D. in physical and mathematical sciences, leading researcher of the Department for the Study of Employment Problems of Convicts and Economic Problems of the Functioning of the Penal Correction System, Center for the Study of Problems of Management and Organization of the Execution of Sentences in the Penitentiary System of the Federal State Institution “Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service” of Russia
PECULIARITIES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CORRECTION OF JUVENILE OFFENDERS’ PERSONALITIES
The article deals with the peculiarities of psychological peculiarities of psychological correction of the personality of juvenile convicts are considered. The psychological problems that this category of persons faces in places of deprivation of liberty are given, and the methods of correctional work aimed at their rehabilitation are defined. Examples of effective approaches and evaluation of the effectiveness of correctional programs are presented. Prospects for the development of correctional methods are also considered.
Keywords: psychological correction, juvenile offenders, rehabilitation, emotional instability, social adaptation, Penal System of the Russian Federation.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Bochkarev A. V. Psychological correction of behavior of juvenile offenders // Psychological journal. – 2020. – Vol. 41. No. 2. – P. 45-52.
2. Aleshina Yu. E. Psychological correction: basics and methods. – M.: Publishing house of the Academy, 2019. – 256 p.
3. Tsarkova E. G., Zorina N. S. Moral and patriotic education of juvenile convicts, serving sentences in correctional colonies // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2024. – No. 5 (192). – P. 497-498.
4. Gavrilova O. V. Rehabilitation of juvenile convicts: modern approaches and methods. – St. Petersburg: Piter, 2021. – 304 p.

PSYCHOLOGY AND LAW
MIKHAYLOV Vyacheslav Sergeevich
Senior lecturer of Criminal law disciplines sub-faculty, Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
HISTORICAL ASPECT AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WORK IN RELATION TO FORMER PARTICIPANTS OF ARMED CONFLICTS WITH POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
The scientific article discusses the historical aspect of psychological work in relation to former participants of armed conflicts with post-traumatic stress disorder. The complex of methods developed in the modern practice of psychological work with former participants of armed conflicts aimed at the prevention of PTSD is analyzed. Positive and negative aspects of PTSD prevention through pharmacotherapy are described. The purpose of describing all possible methods of PTSD prevention is to form a unified doctrinal approach to the fight against PTSD. Based on the theoretical and practical studies of PTSD, the key signs of the disorder in question are highlighted. In the article, the author separately consider each of the most common symptoms of PTSD. When preparing theoretical material, the priority task was to fully disclose the problem of PTSD in society. By revealing the history of the study of PTSD, a single concept was formed to the origin of this disorder. The works of psychoanalysts, military surgeons and doctors served as the basis for the preparation of theoretical material, among which such figures as D. Erickson, Z. Freud, P. Bern, etc. can be distinguished. The author also study the modern experience of foreign countries in working with former participants of armed conflicts. The role of assigning individual and group psychotherapy sessions to PTSD patients is considered.
Keywords: armed conflict, individual, stressful situation, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Halfina R. R. History of the origin of PTSD // Educational process. – 2021. – No. 12. – P. 58-60.
2. Muravyova G. M. Rehabilitation in the system of providing assistance to participants in military operations in the Afghan and Chechen Republics // Medicine and Law. – 2012. – No. 5. – P. 39-43.
3. Pogodina T. . G. History of neuropsychiatric disorders of combatants // Bulletin of the Ivanovo Medical Academy. – 2022. – No. 23. – P. 31-32.
4. Kirkitadze E. E. Origins of PTSD // Educational process. – 2021. – No. 12. – P. 52-54.
5. Reshetnikov M. M. Psychological trauma. – SPb.: East-European Institute of Psychoanalysis, 2006. – 322 p.
6. Tarabrina N. V. Psychology of post-traumatic stress: Theory and practice. – M.: Publishing house “Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, 2014. – 304 p. .
7. Anisimov A. V. The concept of post-traumatic stress disorder // Modern technologies for ensuring civil defense and eliminating the consequences of emergency situations. – 2022. – No. 14. – P. 9-11.
8. Byrne P. Introduction to Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis. – 1970. – P. 212.
9. Venger V. V. Treatment of complex post-traumatic disorder in former participants in armed conflicts // Psychological Sciences. – 2020. – No. 13. – P. 56-58.

Psychology and Law
MIKHAYLOV Vyacheslav Sergeevich
senior lecturer of Criminal law disciplines sub-faculty, Samara Law Institute of the FPS of Russia
PROBLEMS OF INTEGRATION INTO SOCIETY OF A PERSON WHO HAS BEEN SUBJECTED TO SCHOOL BULLYING
The scientific article discusses the current aspects of school bullying and the consequences of its influence on the integration of a person into society. The key positions of the authors of psychologists and sociologists in relation to school bullying are analyzed. The essence, scope and features of school bullying, as well as its forms are considered. The author, when considering the essence, analyze the latest trends in the course of school bullying in modern society. The conditions and root causes of school bullying against individual students are revealed. The role of stable adolescent groups in the implementation of acts of school bullying is put. The role of the Internet environment, its features in the implementation of various forms of school bullying is characterized. When considering the essence of school bullying, the author gave priority to the disclosure of the most radical form of school bullying, physical bullying. The main signs of physical bullying and its root causes were described. As part of the disclosure of the problem of physical school bullying, the infamous Columbine experience was cited. Based on the example of this phenomenon, all phases of confrontation and strategies for avoiding school bullying were revealed. The importance of the need for constant psychological work with students by the administrations of educational institutions is raised. The author analyzes the key aspects of the socialization of an individual who has gone through a negative experience of interaction with peers.
Keywords: society, individual, socialization, integration, school bullying.
Article bibliographiclist
1. Nesterova A. A. Predictors of school bullying in relation to children of early adolescence by peers // Bulletin of Moscow State Regional University. – 2018. – No. 16. – P. 37-39.
2. Slastikhina O. A. Bullying in the school environment and its prevention // Problems of modern pedagogical education. – 2019. – No. 13. – P. 25-26.
3. Makarova E. A. Bullying as a psychological phenomenon studied in the framework of victimology // Bulletin of the Taganrog Institute of Management and Economics. – 2018. – No. 21. – P. 39-42.
4. Lane D. A. School bullying / David A. Lane. – M.: ZipSit Publishing House, 2001. – 166 p.
5. Korchagina T. A. School bullying is a social problem of our time // Problems of modern pedagogical education. – 2023. – No. 62. – P. 92-95.
6. Larchenko N. A. Psychological and pedagogical conditions for the prevention of school bullying // Problems of modern pedagogical education. – 2017. – No. 558. – P. 105-111.
7. Volkova I. V. Characteristics of teenage bullying and its definition // Bulletin of Minsk University. – 2016. – No. 2 (15). – pp. 26-28.

SPORTS LAW
PROVATKINA Valeriya Evgenjevna
student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok
VOLOSHINA Tatyana Vladimirovna
student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok
MOISEEV Ruslan Andreevich
student, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok
PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY IN SPORTS
Sport plays an important role in modern society, contributing to physical development, health promotion and the development of social skills. However, with the development of sports, numerous legal issues also arise related to the legal responsibility of its participants and organizers. Legal responsibility in sports includes a wide range of legal norms and rules governing the behavior of athletes, coaches, referees, sports organizations and other participants in sports activities. This article will consider the main problematic aspects of legal liability in sports, as well as suggest possible ways to resolve them.
Keywords: legal responsibility, sport, athlete, coach, sports dispute resolution.
Article bibliography
1. Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses: dated 30.12.2001 No. 195-FZ // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. – 07.01.2002.
2. Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of November 24, 2015 No. 52 “On the application by the courts of legislation regulating the labor of athletes and coaches.”
3. Labor Code of the Russian Federation: of December 30, 2001 No. 197-FZ // Collected Legislation of the Russian Federation. – 07.01.2002.
4. Kapustina M. A. Institute of Legal Liability as an Element of the System of Legal Regulation // Issues of Russian and International Law. – 2016. – No. 9. – P. 52-62.
5. Sports Code of France: (legislative part) / Commission on Sports Law of the Associated Lawyers of Russia; [translated from French, introductory article with a brief commentary by A. A. Solovyov]. – Moscow: [B. m.], 2009. – 133 p.

ECONOMY. LAW. SOCIETY
BAYDAROVA Marina Alexandrovna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor of Justice sub-faculty, Penza State University
AMBARYAN Artur Mnatsakanovich
student of group 21yuy2, Penza State University
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LAWYERS’ IMPLEMENTATION OF QUALIFIED LEGAL ASSISTANCE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
An attempt has been made not only to consider the most pressing problems of the implementation of qualified legal practiceby lawyers, but also to make constructive proposals that will protect the legitimate interests of the principals, as well as improve the quality of legal services provided by lawyers.
Among the problems of providing qualified legal assistance by lawyers, the following issues are considered: related to the procedure for providing qualified legal assistance, as well as the lack of clear price regulation of legal services.
It seems important and timely for the entire legal community to pay increased attention to improving the current legislation when setting requirements for the quality, volume of services provided, as well as procedural documents compiled by a lawyer. After all, it is precisely such categories as “quality” and “qualified legal assistance”, a priori inherent in advocacy, that should “work” in reality, and therefore effectively protect the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities, providing these subjects with access to justice.
Keywords: lawyer, qualified legal assistance, procedure for qualified legal assistance, price regulation, quality, state protection.
Article bibliography
1. Barkhatova E. Yu. Commentary on the Constitution of the Russian Federation: new edition (article by article). 3rd ed., revised and supplemented. – Moscow: Prospect, 2020. – 256 p // Legal reference Consultant Plus system: [website]. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://online.consultant.ru/riv/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc&base=CMB&n=18958&cacheid=424CDEE2BE83B753CA041F8AEE65D680&mode=splus&rnd=YfF9g#3LonISULFVkxtZDb (date of access : 09/15/2024).
2. Gavrilov S. N. Process model of the quality of qualified legal assistance in the context of the digital transformation of the legal profession // Advocacy practice. – 2020. – No. 6. – P. 9-24 // Reference legal system Consultant Plus: [website]. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://online.consultant.ru/riv/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc&base=CJI&n=132715&cacheid=5AD818109D6FC8A7814B8B6D3E38A44A&mode=splus&rnd=9dfCgQ#JPGYISUOwzU2PR621(date of access : 15.09.2024).
3. Pochechueva O. S. Features of the legal status of a lawyer – representative of the victim in Russian criminal proceedings // Advocate practice. – 2009. – No. 5. – P. 31-34 // Reference legal system Consultant Plus: [website]. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://online.consultant.ru/riv/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc&base=CJI&n=39302&cacheid=FBBD4557DD2ED7E72D76F666F6B0828C&mode=splus&rnd=9dfCgQ#zKsmISUnJ08t2dkI (date of access : 15.09.2024).
4. Tolcheev M. N. On the constitutional and legal meaning of the concept of “qualified legal assistance” // Advocate practice. – 2023. – No. 1. – P. 2-7. // Reference legal Consultant Plus system: [website]. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://online.consultant.ru/riv/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc&base=CJI&n=131787&cacheid=5989C190354C1FB9906097A4D9568D44&mode=splus&rnd=9dfCgQ#onwlISU47q4d8RE5 (date of access : 09/15/2024).

HUMAN RIGHTS
ANDREEVA Irina Anatoljevna
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, professor of State and legal disciplines sub-faculty, Academy of Management of the MIA of Russia
MATANTSEV Dmitriy Alexandrovich
Ph.D. in Law, associate professor, associate professor of State law disciplines sub-faculty, Academy of Management of the MIA of Russia
PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA AND IMAGES OF POLICE OFFICERS IN THE JUDICIAL PRACTICE OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
The article analyzes the problem of the correlation between the right to protection of personal data, images of police officers and freedom of expression. Based on the analysis of the provisions of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the practice of the European Court of Human Rights, the criteria for the admissibility of the use of images of police officers are identified. By itself, the public status of a police officer does not mean that his personal rights are completely ignored.
Keywords: police officers, right to image, personal data, ECHR.
Article bibliography
1. Definition of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of 12.02.2019 No. 274-O “On the refusal to accept for consideration the complaints of Sergei Vitalievich Bezrukov regarding the violation of his constitutional rights by paragraph 1 of Article 152.2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation” // Bulletin of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. – 2019. – No. 3.
2. Affaire von Hannover c. Allemagne (No 2) 7 February 2012. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-109027%22]}.
3. CEDH 31 oct. 2023, BILD GMBH & CO. KG c/ Allemagne, n 9602/18 [englais]. – [Electronic resource]. – Available at: https://hudoc.echr.coe.int/fre#{%22itemid%22:[%22001-228531%22]}
4. Guide to Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights (Guide to Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights) Updated on 31 August 2022. Guide to the European Convention on Human Rights. – [Electronic resource]. – Available at: https://www.echr.coe.int/documents/d/echr/Guide_Art_10_FRA.

ECONOMY. LAW. SOCIETY
AMELICHKIN Artem Valerjevich
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor, Head of Social and cultural activities and pedagogy sub-faculty, Orel State Institute of Culture
MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS ON THE INTERNET AND NEW MEDIA USED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SPHERE OF SOCIO-CULTURAL SERVICES AND TOURISM
The article is devoted to the analysis of marketing communications on the Internet and new media used in the management of the sphere of socio-cultural service and tourism. The importance of the above is proven by modern research in the field of marketing, confirming the advent of the digital age, characterized by the transfer of information in digital form, the presence of digital communication between the organization of socio-cultural services and tourism and its audiences, the rapid development of the Internet and new media. Digital technological tools provide organizations in the field of socio-cultural services and tourism with an additional communication channel, with a high speed of information transmission and feedback, as well as significantly reduce the cost of the communication process as a whole. The topic of the article is becoming increasingly relevant in connection with the formation and implementation of government projects and programs aimed at the development of digital technologies in the field of culture and tourism.
Keywords: marketing communications, Internet, new media, socio-cultural service, tourism.
Article bibliographic list
1. Akulich M. V. Internet Marketing: Textbook for Bachelors. – Moscow: Publishing and Trading Corporation “Dashkov i K °”, 2020. – 352 p.
2. Amelichkin A. V. Internet Marketing of Organizations in the Creative Industries Sector // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2023. – No. 1 (176). – P. 406-407.
3. Amelichkin AV Marketing communications on the Internet and new media: a teaching aid for graduate students. – Orel: OGIK, 2022. – 117 p.
4. Annenkova AA, Amelichkin AV, Soboleva Yu P. Innovative marketing communications in institutions of the socio-cultural sphere // Bulletin of the Academy of Knowledge. – 2022. – No. 52 (5). – P. 18-23.
5. Bagiev GL, Tarasevich VM, Ann H. Marketing: a textbook for universities; edited by G. L. Bagiev. 3rd ed. – St. Petersburg: Piter, 2007. – 736 p.
6. Golubkov EP Fundamentals of Marketing. – M.: Finpress, 2008. – 704 p.
7. Russian spelling dictionary / Ed. by V. V. Lopatin. 4th. – M.: AST-press book, 2013. – P. 243.
8. What is New Media, or Digital Globalization. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://amdg.ru/blog/new-media (date of access: 09/30/2024).
9. Marketing in industries and spheres of activity: textbook; edited by A. L. Abaev, V. A. Aleksunin, M. T. Gurieva. 3rd ed., revised. – M.: Dashkov i K°, 2021. – 433 p.
10. Perepelkin I. N. Dunaev R. A., Savotchenko S. E. Electronic libraries and their place in the organization of remote forms of information services // Education and cultural space. – 2024. – No. 1. – P. 149-156.
11. Predein A. M. Efficiency of marketing communications on the Internet: dis. … candidate of economic sciences. – Ekaterinburg, 2009.
12. Trufanov A. S. PR in the system of marketing communications in tourism organizations // Economy of sustainable development of the region: innovations, financial aspects, technological drivers of development in the field of tourism and hospitality: materials of the XI international scientific and practical conference. – Simferopol: KFU im. V. I. Vernadsky, 2024. – P. 299-301.
13. Tulchinsky G. L., Shekova E. L. Marketing in the Sphere of Culture: a tutorial. – St. Petersburg: Lan Publishing House; Planeta Muzyki Publishing House, 2009. – 496 p.
14. Shevchenko D. A. Digital markting: textbook. – M .: Direct-Media, 2022. – 185 p.
15. Shpyrnya O. V. Organization of a complex of marketing communications of tour operators operating in the field of domestic tourism. Proceedings of the scientific and scientific-methodical conference of the faculty of the Kuban State University of Physical Education, Sports and Tourism. – Krasnodar: KSUFKST, 2024. – No. 1. – P. 159-162.

ECONOMY. LAW. SOCIETY
BURNOS Ekaterina Nikolaevna
Ph.D. in Law, founding partner of the limited liability company “Vekavi Group”
BUYANKIN Sergey Viktorovich
lawyer, expert in psychological research of the child and child-parent relations
OSHUEVA Victoria Vladimirovna
master of Law, founding partner of the limited liability company “Vekavi Group”
QUADROBISTS AS A SOCIAL PHENOMENON AND THE SUBJECT OF LEGAL DISCUSSION: PROBLEMS AND WAYS TO RESOLVE THEM
This work is a detailed study of the phenomenon of quadrobics in Russia. The authors examine in detail the history of the subculture, its connection with other movements (furry, Therianism), its impact on children and adolescents, as well as the reaction of society and government agencies to this movement. The article defines that quadrobics is a new phenomenon that arose at the junction of several subcultures, which manifests itself in the identification of a person with an animal and imitation of its behavior. The authors discuss the issue of the threat to traditional Russian values posed by quadrobics, as it contradicts the idea of the spiritual superiority of man over the animal world. The article describes disturbing trends: the spread of aerobics among children, its use for material gain, parents ignoring the problem and silencing mental disorders in children. The authors call for government regulation on the research topic, including banning the promotion of aerobics, strengthening parental responsibility and changing legislation on psychiatric care.
Keywords: quadrobists, destructive behavior, administrative responsibility, child-parent relations.
Article bibliography
1. Zhilinskaya M. S., Ivanova E. A. The influence of family education on the process of formation of Russian civic identity in children // Psychological health and personality development in the modern world: Proceedings of the II All-Russian (with international participation) scientific and practical conference, Blagoveshchensk, November 25-26, 2021. – Blagoveshchensk: Amur State University, 2022. – P. 277-283.
2. Kabaeva V. M. Features of physiological maturation and mental development of boys and girls. Differences in training and education // Devectology Prof. – Moscow, 2021. – P. 1-11.
3. ICD-10. International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems; 10th revision. – Publisher: Medicine, 2019. – 634 p. – P. 88.
4. ICD-11. Chapter 6 Mental and behavioral disorders and disorders of neuropsychic development. Statistical classification. – M .: “KDU”, “University book”, 2021. – 432 p.
5. Tolstoy, L. N. Thoughts on education: from letters and diaries of 1895-1902. – Moscow // History of preschool pedagogy in Russia: anthology: a teaching aid for students of pedagogical universities Specialty: Preschool pedagogy and psychology. Pedagogy and methodology of preschool education / Comp. S. V. Lykov, L. M. Volobueva; ed. S. F. Egorov. – Moscow: Academy, 1999. – P. 271-273.
6. Yalom Irvin. Schopenhauer as a Medicine. – Moscow: Expo, 2023. – 416 p.

ECONOMY. LAW. SOCIETY
RADCHENKO Elena Pavlovna
Ph.D. in economical sciences, chief researcher of the Department for the Study of Problems of Management and Reform of the Penal System, Center for the Study of Problems of Management and Organization of the Execution of Sentences in the Penal System of the Federal State Institution “Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service” of Russia
BAZHANOV Sergey Andreevich
leading researcher, Center for the Study of Problems of Management and organization of the execution of Sentences in the Penal System of the Federal Penitentiary Institution “Research Institute of the Federal Penitentiary Service” of Russia
IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PENAL SYSTEM: ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS
The article examines the process of introducing artificial technologies into the official activities of employees of the penal system. The development of digital transformation involves the interaction of the public and private sectors, as well as solving issues and problems related to the introduction of artificial intelligence into the security system of the penal system. Notable problems include high costs, suboptimal technologygical design, lack of qualified personnel, outdated infrastructure.
Keywords: digitalization, smart prison, innovative technologies, algorithm, penal system.
Article bibliography
1. Digitalization in Russia: four key spheres of life.” [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://exonproject.ru/czifrovizacziya-v-rossii-chetyre-klyuchevyh-sfery-zhizni/ (date of access: 10/21/2024).
2. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 21, 2020 No. 474 “On the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030.” [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://https://base.garant.ru/74404210/ (date accessed: 21.10.2024).
3. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 07.05.2024 No. 309 “On the national development goals of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030 and for the future up to 2036”.
4. Kozin M.N., Radchenko E.P. Assessment of economic digitalization indicators as a driver of technological development and strategic support of the country’s national interests // Competitiveness in the global world: economics, science, technology. – 2024. – No. 3. – P. 218-222
5. G. Vial “Understanding digital transformation: a review and a research agenda” in Managing digital transformation, pp. 13-66, Routledge, 2019.
6. P. Sun and P. Sun. Evaluation indicators for smart prison, in Smart Prisons, 2022.
7. Pia Puolakka Criminal Sanctions Agency, Finland EuroPris ICT workshop, 30.9.2020. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.europris.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Pia-Puolakka-Smart-Prisons-Finland.pdf (access date: 10/21/2024).
8. C. McDougall, D. A. S. Pearson, D. J. Torgerson, and M. Garcia-Reyes. The effect of digital technology on prisoner behavior and reoffending: a natural stepped-wedge design // Journal of Experimental Criminology. – 2017. – Vol. 13. No. 4. – R. 455-482.
9. M. A. M. M. Aldhaheri, B. Xia, and M. Nepal. Identifying key selection criteria for smart building technologies in the United Arab Emirates prison // Buildings. – 2022. – Vol. 12. – No. 8. – R. 1171.

ECONOMY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
CHUMLYAKOV Kirill Stanislavovich
Ph.D. in technical sciences, associate professor of Transport and technological systems sub-faculty, Tyumen Industrial University
CHUMLYAKOVA Darya Vladimirovna
Ph.D. in economical sciences, associate professor of Economics and production organization sub-faculty, Tyumen Industrial University
IGNATYUK Yuliya Leonidovna
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, associate professor of Intelligent systems and technologies sub-faculty, Tyumen Industrial University
FORMS OF INTERNATIONALIZATION OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE LINKS
The article is devoted to the research of such a process of development of international economic relations as internationalization. Conceptually, internationalization refers to the characteristics of globalization and is its main component. An overview of some common modern approaches to understanding internationalization is presented; Three forms of internationalization are given in relation to the field of international transport infrastructure, generating international technological, economic and financial links.
Keywords: internationalization, international transport infrastructure, international transport corridors, integration.
Article bibliography
1. Gareev T. R., Zhdanov V. P. Review of modern theories of internationalization // Region of cooperation. – 2004. – No. 17. – P. 32-44.
2. Arzhanova I. V., Baryshnikova M. Yu., Brandenburg U. [et al.]. Imperatives of internationalization / Editors-in-chief: M. V. Larionova, O. V. Perfil’eva. – Moscow: OOO “Izdatelskaya gruppa “Logos”, 2013. – 420 p. – ISBN 978-5-98704-728-6.
3. Karachev I. A. Transnational corporations in the modern global economy: a teaching aid / Yaroslavl. state University named after P. G. Demidov. – Yaroslavl: Yaroslavl State University, 2019. – 72 p.
4. Panibratov A. Yu. Strategies for the internationalization of construction companies: prerequisites, directions and prospects // Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. Management. – 2010. – No. 1. – P. 61-86.
5. Petrov M. B., Chumlyakov K. S., Chumlyakova D. V., Ignatyuk Yu. L. Assessment of the potential and prospects for the participation of the Ural Federal District in the formation of Eurasian transport corridors // Russian Foreign Economic Bulletin. – 2020. – No. 10. – P. 28-41.
6. Chumlyakov K. S. Methodological approach to the development of international transport infrastructure in the context of internationalization of world economic relations // Development of territorial socio-economic systems: issues of theory and practice: Proceedings of the XVII international scientific and practical conference of young scientists, Yekaterinburg, March 11-12, 2020 / Under the general editorship of Lavrikova Yu.G. – Yekaterinburg: Institute of Economics, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2020. – P. 204-207.
7. Chumlyakov K. S. Transport corridors of Russia in global economic integration / K. S. Chumlyakov. – Tyumen: Tyumen Regional State Institute for the Development of Regional Education, 2016. – 184 p.
8. Chumlyakov K. S., Chumlyakova D. V. Internationalization of transport infrastructure: content of the concept and directions // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2021. – No. 12 (163). – P. 518-520. – DOI 10.46320/2073-4506-2021-12-163-518-520.
9. Chumlyakov K. S. Assessment of the involvement of a macroregion in global economic integration processes // Innovations. Intelligence. Culture: Proceedings of the IV International Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the Year of Science and Technology in the Russian Federation, the 65th anniversary of Tyumen Industrial University, the Year of S. U. Remezov in Tobolsk, Tyumen, April 23, 2021. – Tyumen: Tyumen Industrial University, 2022. – P. 163-166.
10. Auger J. F., Bouma J. J., Künneke R. Internationalization of infra-structures // Internationalization of Infrastructures. – 2009. – 1.
11. Jones E. Internationalisation – Aid, Trade, Pervade // University World News. 2011. No. 195. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20111029080116752 (date of access: 10/08/2024).
12. Knight J. Internationalization of Higher Education Practices and Priorities. – Paris: International Association of Universities (IAU), 2003.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
VILDANOV Khanif Salimovich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, professor of Philosophy, history and social engineering sub-faculty, Ufa State Petroleum Technical University
KHABIBULLIN Ilgam Galievich
Director of the Coordination Center for Countering the Ideology of Terrorism and Extremism, M. Akmulla Bashkir State Pedagogical University, Ufa
BIKIMBETOV Ruslan Giniyatovich
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa
ON THE PROBLEM OF INDIVIDUAL SPIRITUALITY AND SPIRITUAL SECURITY OF SOCIETY
The article examines the problems of individual spirituality and spiritual security of society. It examines the causes and sources of threats to the spirituality of a social subject, its spiritual self-sufficiency, and analyzes the dialectical relationship between the spirituality of a social subject and the spiritual security and spiritual sovereignty of society. It defines the role of spirituality in a risk society, in which the factors of chance and risk become the main elements influencing the vectors and trends of social development in all spheres of social life: economic, political, social and spiritual. Risk society, as a result of progressive modernization, technologization and globalization, leads to a constant transformation of value orientations, and as a consequence – to the loss of mechanisms of personal identification, social adaptation and socialization, weakening the role of spiritual and moral orientations in the life of the subject and society as a whole.
Keywords: society, social subject, spirituality, spiritual security, spiritual sovereignty, values.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Spirituality. Encyclopedia of Epistemology and Philosophy of Science. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://epistemology_of_science.academic.ru/188/%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C.
2. Kravchenko S. A. New and Recent Sociological Theories through the Prism of Sociological Imagination. – Moscow: Yurait, 2015.
3. Giddens Modernity and Self-Identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1991.
4. Bergson A. Two Sources of Morality and Religion. – M.: Mysl, 1994. – P. 288.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
GUBACHEV Mikhail Nikolaevich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Engineering, Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
ON THE QUESTION OF THE ORIGINS OF THE STATE-LEGAL TRADITION IN THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY
The article considers statehood as a complex structure formed as a result of social creativity and serving as a tool for the survival and development of communities. The author emphasizes that statehood includes historically established ideas about the rights, duties and functions of the state, as well as its institutions. These ideas are fixed in historical memory, social views and written sources. An important aspect is that statehood is not limited to administrative functions, but represents a set of ideas justifying the right to power. The article also focuses on the traditions of Russian thought about power and the importance of preserving this heritage for modernity. The historThe ical context of the emergence of power institutions among the Eastern Slavs is considered, including the vocation of Rurik, which symbolizes the beginning of Russian statehood. In conclusion, the importance of a balance between the principles of “one power” and “people’s rights”, as well as the need to protect individual rights in the context of changing attitudes to power, is revealed.
Keywords: statehood, power, human rights, historical memory, social views, principles of governance, Russian thought, Rurik, Eastern Slavs, people’s rights.
Article bibliography
1. Korzhikhina T. P., Senin A. S. History of Russian statehood. – Moscow: Interpraks, 1995. – 347 p.
2. Ilyin I. A. The main task of the future Russia // Ilyin I. A. About Russia: Selected articles / Preface, compiled by. M. G. Zhukova. – M.: Publishing house of the Sretensky Monastery, 2010. – 320 p. – (Series “Cherished thoughts”).
References
1. Korzhikhina T. P., Senin A. S. History of Russian statehood. – M.: Interpraks, 1995. – 347 p.
2. Ilyin I. A. The main task of the future Russia // Ilyin I. A. About Russia: Selected articles / Preface, compiled by M. G. Zhukova. – M.: Publishing house of the Sretensky Monastery, 2010. – 320 p. – (Series “Cherished thoughts”).

PHILOSOPHY. LAW. SOCIETY
DANILOV Vyacheslav Leonidovich
Ph.D. in historical sciences, associate professor of Theology, philosophy and cultural studies sub-faculty, Faculty of History, Theology and International Relations, F. M. Dostoevsky Omsk State University
GORBUNOVA Kristina Alexandrovna
lecturer of Theology, philosophy and cultural studies sub-faculty, Faculty of History, Theology and International Relations, F. M. Dostoevsky Omsk State University

THE RELIGIOUS AND MORAL IDEAL OF A WOMAN IN RUSSIA: TRADITIONS OF FEMALE HOLINESS
The article reveals the peculiarities of the formation of ideas about female holiness in Russia. The relevance of the work is associated with the strengthening of the role of a woman as a spouse, mother, guardian of traditional family foundations, home in the context of modern social and political conditions, which affects the development of interest in historical heritage, consideration of the religious and moral ideal of a woman. The process of forming ideas about female holiness in Russia is briefly described.
The complexity, ambiguity and ambivalence of ideas about women are noted. Based on the classification of V. E. Barmina, models of female holiness are analyzed – repentant harlots, holy maid and holy wives. Examples of the stories of representatives of each model are given. The distinctive features of the religious and moral ideal of a woman in Russia are highlighted – caring, service to the family, society / state and God, the priority of spiritual life over physical existence and material well-being, the desire to preserve mental and bodily purity, the implementation of active religious acts, the willingness to defend their beliefs and refract Christian ideas in practice.
Keywords: the religious and moral ideal of a woman, female holiness, Orthodoxy, traditional values.
Article bibliography
1. Barmina V. E. Models of ideal female images in the Orthodox culture of the 9th-17th centuries // Bulletin of the Chelyabinsk State University. – 2008. – No. 32. – P. 75-80.
2. Berezkina E. P. Female images – faces in the lives of old Russian literature // Bulletin of the Buryat State University. Philology. – 2023. – No. 1. – P. 37-46.
3. Lozhkina A. O. “The Life of the Holy Blessed and Equal-to-the-Apostles and Renowned in Wisdom Grand Duchess Olga…”: On the Issue of Female Holiness in Hagiographic Literature // Bulletin of the Chelyabinsk State University. – 2009. – No. 27 (165). – P. 74-77.
4. Lozhkina A. O. Images of Holy Women in Hagiographic Literature of the 12th–17th Centuries: Hagiology and Poetics: Dis. … Candidate of Philological Sciences. – Izhevsk, 2012. – 186 p.
5. Putin: Family is not just the foundation of the state and society, it is a spiritual phenomenon, the basis of morality // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. – [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://rg.ru/2023/11/28/semia-kak-simvol-very.html (date accessed: 29.10.2024).
6. Chumakova T. V. Traditions of female holiness in Russian culture of the 11th–17th centuries // Bulletin of St. Petersburg University. International relations. – 2004. – No. 4. – P. 24-30.

PHILOSOPHY. LAW. SOCIETY
ZARIPOV Airat Yansurovich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, professor of Philosophy and cultural studies sub-faculty, Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ufa University of Science and Technology
SYMBOLISM AND ITS INFLUENCE ON THE FORMATION OF THE WORLDVIEW OF THE YOUNGER GENERATION
The article examines the influence of symbols existing in society on the inner world of the younger generation. Semiotics, as a scientific discipline, gives symbols special meanings that are revealed in a social context. Symbols, being a part of the culture of nations, have always carried special, sacred information, acting as a cultural code. It is noted that symbols have an ambiguous effect on individuals in different situations. The peculiarity of the influence of symbolism on the inner world of a person is that it occurs on an unconscious level. The unconscious assimilation of symbolism, as a specific layer of the spiritual culture of the people, generates strong bonds between the individual and the community, finding a response in his inner world. In this context, it is important to analyze the influence of state symbols on the spiritual world of the younger generation, since in the process of education it is also important to have a conscious attitude to the symbols that connect an individual with his Homeland.
Keywords: symbol, upbringing, society, the state, the younger generation, patriotism.
Article bibliography
1. Abdrakhimov E. F., Zaripov A. Ya., Shafikov M. T. Manifestation of national identity in political documents // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2019. – No. 4 (131). – P. 475-477.
2. Zaripov A. Ya. Folk culture and its role in the education of the younger generation // Urban Bashkirs: preservation and development of native language and culture in the context of ethnocultural and linguistic diversity. Proceedings of the XII All-Russian scientific and practical conference. – Ufa, 2024. – P. 72-73.
3. Psyanchin A. V., Migranova E. V., Zaripov A. Ya. On the issue of ethnic and all-Russian identity in the republics of Bashkortostan and Tatarstan // Oriental Studies. – 2021. – Vol. 14. No. 4. – Pp. 743-757. DOI: 10.22162/2619-0990-2021-56-4-743-757.

PHILOSOPHY. LAW. SOCIETY
ZELENIN Evgeniy Ivanovich
postgraduate student of Social and humanitarian disciplines sub-faculty, North Caucasus Social Institute, Stavropol
BAKLANOV Igor Spartakovich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, professor, professor of Philosophy and ethnology sub-faculty, North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol
BAKLANOVA Olga Alexandrovna
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, associate professor, associate professor of Philosophy and ethnology sub-faculty, North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol
LUKYANOV Gennadiy Ivanovich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, associate professor, professor of Economics and management sub-faculty, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (branch), Volgograd State Technical University
SOCIAL SOLIDARITY AND JUSTICE AS THE BASIS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY IN THE CONTEXT OF DIGITALIZATION CHALLENGES
The paper examines the phenomena of social solidarity and justice. Modern digital transformations change the tracks of the dynamics of social development. Awareness of this is important for the life of future generations and is essential for creating conditions for the sustainable development of a social system, the laws of which will differ from modern ones. It is necessary to provide a material and social foundation for the development of a social system, reducing, anticipating and reducing the negative consequences of possible technological and socio-cultural risks. One of the factors of the sustainability of the future system will be how fairly it will be organized. The level of solidarity of the subjects included in the social system will depend on this. Justice in the context of digital transformations appears as a normatively regulated process of developing basic human capabilities that potentially determine the sustainable existence of an individual as a social subject within the framework of a social system.
Keywords: society, social system, sociality, digitalization processes, socio-cultural risks and challenges, justice, social solidarity, cooperation.
Article bibliography
1. Baklanov I. S., Baklanova O. A., Lukyanov G. I. Implementation of artificial intelligence in socio-cultural practices of the digital society: consequences and risks of the development of industry 4.0 // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2024. – No. 1 (188). – P. 519-520.
2. Baklanov I. S., Baklanova O. A., Osadchiy A. A. Features of socio-cultural risks in the context of digitalization of socio-cultural practices // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2023. – No. 12. – P. 535-536.
3. Baklanova O. A., Baklanov I. S., Lukyanov G. I., Pokhilko A. D. Basic reflections of sociality in modern social philosophy // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2024. – No. 3 (190). – P. 527-529.
4. Burlova Yu. A., Baklanova O. A. Social norm as a functional memechanism of sociality // Kant. – 2022. – No. 4 (45). – P. 112-115.
5. Durkheim E. On the division of social labor. The method of sociology. – M.: Science, 1990.
6. Eremenko M. M., Bogatyrev S. A., Baklanov I. S. Features and risks of using artificial intelligence technologies in the media space of modern society // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2023. – No. 12. – P. 362-363.
7. Kant I. Critique of practical reason // Kant I. Works: in 6 vols. – M.: Mysl. 1965. – T. 4.
8. Lukyanov G. I., Baklanov I. S., Baklanova O. A., Osadchiy A. A. Features of problematization and genesis of ideas about the phenomenon of sociality in socio-philosophical knowledge // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2024. – No. 4 (191). – P. 534-535.
9. Rawls J. Theory of Justice. 2nd ed. – Moscow: LKI Publishing House, 2010. – 536 p.
10. Sandel M. Justice. How to do the right thing? – M.: Mann, Ivanov and Ferber, 2013. – 352 p.
11. Spitsina D. D., Baklanov I. S., Kadanina A. V. Ideological foundations for the formation of a digital society: value and temporal guidelines of modern youth as generation Z // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2024. – No. 2 (189). – P. 547-548.

PHILOSOPHY. LAW. SOCIETY
NURMUKHAMETOVA Irina Faskhutovna
Ph.D. in psychological sciences, associate professor of General psychology sub-faculty, Department of General Psychology, Higher School of Psychology and Pedagogy, Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ufa University of Science and Technology
NURMUKHAMETOV Ernest Albertovich
Ph.D. in psychological sciences, psychologist of the Coordination Center, Ufa University of Science and Technology
SAFRONOVA Elena Vasiljevna
senior lecturer of General psychology sub-faculty, Department of General Psychology, Higher School of Psychology and Pedagogy, Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ufa University of Science and Technology
ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COPING STRATEGIES AND AUTOMORTAL ANXIETY AMONG PERSONNEL OF A PARAMILITARY ORGANIZATION WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THE EXISTENTIAL PARADIGM
The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between automortal anxiety and coping strategies in a context where human life is at risk. The approach is existential in nature. It can be concluded that there is a correlation between automortal anxiety and both adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies. At a high level of automortal anxiety, Federal Penitentiary Service employees tend to resort to confrontation, distancing, and escape avoidance, which allows them to avoid confronting their fear. Conversely, at a low level of automortal anxiety, they tend to seek social support and acceptance of responsibility, which enables them to cope with critical situations in the most effective manner.
Keywords: automortal anxiety, fear of death, coping strategies, existence, personality.
Article bibliography
1. Aquinas F. Works. – M .: Editorial URSS, 2010. – 264 p.
2. Gavrilova T. A., Popova S. A. Success and content of coping with automortal anxiety by a subject // Psychology. Journal of the Higher School of Economics. – 2014. -V. 11. No. 2. – P. 23-35.
3. Kierkegaard S. Fear and Trembling. – M.: Cultural Revolution, 2010. – 488 p.
4. Petrovsky A. V. Man above the situation. – M.: Smysl, 2010. – 559 p.
5. Sartre J.-P. Nausea. – M.: AST, 2003. – 412 p.

PHILOSOPHY. LAW. SOCIETY
RAVOCHKIN Nikita Nikolaevich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, associate professor, professor of History, philosophy and social sciences sub-faculty, T. F. Gorbachev Kuzbass State Technical University; professor of Pedagogical technologies sub-faculty, V. N. Poletskov Kuzbass State Agricultural University
ASHVANYAN Sargis Karoevich
Ph.D. in economical sciences, professor, professor of Management and agribusiness sub-faculty V. N. Poletskov Kuzbass State Agricultural University
MEDIA AS A FACTOR OF INTELLECTUAL EVOLUTION: A PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS (PART 1)
The article presents the philosophical analysis of media, which act as a factor of intellectual evolution in the realities of modern social development. In the first part, the authors consider media and technization in relation to the formation of new principles of social existence. The specificity of intellectualization of social systems is revealed. Innovative effects of media influencing society for the life of individual and collective subjects are determined. A comparative analysis of the implementation of intellectual achievements in practice is given. The possibilities of cognitive, value and behavioral resources in relation to the consolidation of society are clarified. The authors substantiate the popularity of media as an open communication system. Emphasis is placed on the pragmatics of media. In conclusion, the intermediate results of the study are summarized.
Keywords: media, society, intelligence, knowledge, communication.
Article bibliography
1. Mokhov A. I., Svetlakov V. I., Mokhova V. A. Intellectualization of the sphere of life as a means of forming the noosphere of V. I. Vernadsky // Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. – 2015. – No. 4. – P. 31-40.
2. Mokhov A. I. Intellectualization of information resources of Russia – the imperative of the times / Scientific notes of IMEI, scientific and educational journal. – 2013. – Vol. 3. No. 2. – P. 26-30.
3. Nureyev R. M. Formation of Industrial Society and the Search for the Wealth of Nations // Terra economicus. – 2012. – Vol. 10. No. 1. – P. 180-197.
4. Santo B. Innovation and Global Intellectualism // Innovations. – 2006. – No. 9 (96). – P. 32-44.
5. Shkondin M. V. Media System as a Factor in the Intellectualization of Society: Structural and Functional Aspects // Social and Humanitarian Knowledge. – 2017. – No. 8. – P. 96-113.
6. Shkondin M. V. Media system as a factor of publicity representation in the processes of world exploration by society // Bulletin of the Volga University named after V. N. Tatishchev. – 2017. – Vol. 1. No. 2. – P. 185-189.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
RUDKEVICH Elena Yurjevna
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, professor of Military and political work in the military (forces) sub-faculty, branch of the Military Educational Scientific Center “Professor N. E. Zhukovsky and Yu. A. Gagarin Air Force Academy” in Syzran
CHEREPANOV Andrey Yurjevich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, Deputy Head of Helicopter engine design and operation sub-faculty, branch of the Military Educational Scientific Center “Professor N. E. Zhukovsky and Yu. A. Gagarin Air Force Academy” in Syzran
GERASIMOV Nikolay Nikolaevich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, Deputy Head of the Faculty – Head of the educational unit, branch of the Military Educational Scientific Center “Professor N. E. Zhukovsky and Yu. A. Gagarin Air Force Academy” in Syzran
POWER AND WAR
The article is devoted to the analysis of the actual problem of the relationship between power and war. In the modern era, wars, no matter what, do not stop, moreover, they acquire a total character in the sense that they cover almost all spheres of social existence. Since the emergence of power as a special social institution, the monopoly on violence has completely passed into the jurisdiction of the state, since then it has been using war as a tool for its own strengthening and promotion. Among the sources of power, the military occupies far from the last place. War accelerates the genesis of the state, strengthens its sovereignty, and promotes its physical (and not only) expansion.
Keywords: society, government, war, modernity, state, politics.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Alberdi H. B. Crime of war. – M.: IIL, 1960. – P. 135. – 256 p.
2. Antonovich I. I. Metaphysics of power and the evolution of democracy. – Minsk: Higher school, 2023. – 318 p.
3. Berdyaev N. A. The kingdom of the spirit and the kingdom of Caesar. – M.: Republic, 1995. – 383 p.
4 . Virilio P. “If time is money, then speed is power.” // “RUSSIAN WORLD. Space and Time of Russian Culture” – No. 4. – P. 355-364 // http://almanax.russculture.ru/archives/1960
5. Heraclitus of Ephesus. All Heritage. – M.: OOO Ad Marginem Press », 2012. – 416 p.
6. Juvenel B. de. Power: the natural theory of its growth. – M.: IRISEN, 2023. – 546 p.
7. Zhukov V. N. The State and War // Law and State: Theory and Practice. – 2019. – No. 5 (173). – P. 24-28.
8. Kalivas S. The Logic of Violence in Civil War. – M.: Publishing house “Fifth Rome”, Foundation “Historical Memory”, 2019. – 784 p.
9. Mann M. Power in the twentieth century: conversations with John A. Hall. – M.: Publishing house ” Higher School of Economics, 2017. – 208 p.
10. Munkler G. Fragments of War: The Evolution of Violence in the 20th and 21st Centuries. – Moscow: Kuchkovo Pole, 2018. – 384 p.
11. Rudkevich E . Yu., Cherepanov A. Yu. Guerrilla warfare: foundations of socio-philosophical analysis. – Saratov: Saratov source, 2024. – 157 p.
12. Senyavskaya E. S. Russia’s opponents in the wars of the twentieth century: Evolution of the “image “enemy” in the minds of the army and society. – M.: “Russian Political Encyclopedia”, 2006. – 288 p.
13. Sidorenko I. N. Total war: a phenomenon of the 21st century// Proceedings of BSTU. – 2016. – No. 5 – P. 120-124.
14. Soloviev V. S. The dispute about justice // Works: In 2 volumes. Vol. 2. – M .: Pravda, 1989. – Pp. 509-521.
15. Hofmeister H. The will to War, or the Impotence of Politics. Philosophical and Political Treatise. – St. Petersburg: IC “Humanitarian Academy”, 2006. – 288 p.
16. Shagako D.S. War and violence: socio-philosophical characteristics of interaction // Bulletin of the Kostroma State University named after N.A. Nekrasov. – 2011. – No. 11. – P. 299-303.
17. Schmitt K. The Theory of the Partisan: An Interim Note on the Concept of the Political. – M.: Praxis, 2007. – 301 p.

PHILOSOPHY. LAW. SOCIETY
SHARIPKULOV Aidar Viljevich
Acting Director of the Open Higher Education Humanitarian School (Institute), Russian State Social University
SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF SOME FOUNDATIONS OF VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF AN ETHNOS WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF HUMANITARIAN GLOBALISTICS
The article is devoted to the issues of awareness of the need to continue cognition of the physical properties of nature, which seems to be a significant scientific process of cognition in the framework of research in the field of creating modern ethnic ideologies and the analysis of migration socio-practical determinations in connection with global processes in society. It is concluded that social ideals create fundamental spiritual values that constitute the essence of ethnoideologemes, so in demand today for the motivation of members of society, in particular in matters of self-determination of an ethnic group, interaction of ethnic groups, as well as migration processes within the framework of the corresponding political and socio-cultural framing.
Keywords: ethnos, spiritual values, socio-practical determinations, intergroup interactions, ethnoideology, social mechanisms of interaction.
Article bibliographic list
1. Arutyunov S. A. Peoples and cultures: development and interaction. – Moscow: Nauka, 1989.
2. Bromley Yu. V. Essays on the history of the ethnos. – Moscow, 1983.
3. Granin Yu. D. “Nation” and “ethnos”: the evolution of approaches and interpretations in the philosophy and science of the 18th-20th centuries. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://vphil.ru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1195&ysclid=m0272hbbnd406473119.
4. Gumilev L. N. Ethnogenesis and the Earth’s biosphere. – L., 1990.
5. Zarinov I. Yu. Society – ethnos – ethnicity – nation – nationalism // Ethnographic review. 2002. No. 1; Research of the phenomena of “ethnos” and “ethnicity”: some results and considerations // Academician Yu. V. Bromley and domestic ethnology. 1960-1990. – M., 2003.
6. Zateev V. I. Philosophical aspects of the concepts of “Ethnos”, “Ethnicity” and “Ethnic”. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/filosofskie-aspekty-ponyatiy-etnos-etnichnost-i-etnicheskoe-1?ysclid=m029rsqp4u269190712.
7. Rybakov S. E. On the concept of ethnos: philosophical and anthropological aspect // Ethnographic review. – 1998. – No. 6 @@ On the methodology of studying ethnic phenomena // Ethnographic review. – 2000. – No. 5.
8. Salikhov G. G. Social and political problems of interaction of cultures: C69 monograph / F. S. Faizullin [et al.]. – Ufa: RIC UUNiT, 2024. – 170 p.
9. Safonov A. L., Orlov A. D. Ethnos and nation as subjects of globalization” // Social and humanitarian knowledge – 2011. – No. 4.
10. Skorodumova O. V. Models of national-cultural identity in Russian socio-philosophical thought in the post-Soviet period. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/modeli-natsionalno-kulturnoy-identichnosti-v-rossiyskoy-sotsialno-filosofskoy-mysli-v-postsovetskiy-period?ysclid=m0co26fhul808823424.
11. Tishkov V. A. On the phenomenon of ethnicity // Ethnographic review. – 1997. – No. 3 @@ Requiem for an ethnos: Research in socio-cultural anthropology. – M., 2003.
12. Khabibulin A. G., Mursalimov K. R. Originality of Russian society in connection with migration processes: law-forming aspect // Migration law. – 2021. – No. 2.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
BELYAKOV Nikolay Stanislavovich
assistant of Philosophy and cultural studies sub-faculty, Ufa University of Science and Technology
REASONABLE BELIEF IN THE SPACE OF CULTURE OF DIALOGUE OF CULTURES
The article examines the problem of reasonable belief in the context of the culture of dialogue of cultures. It notes the specificity of reasonable belief as a special type of faith that records the agreement of the subject’s mind with himself on the issue of making certain decisions, while allowing for the possibility of the existence of alternative ideals among other members of society. Reasonable belief appears as one of the most effective tools for overcoming the opposition “We – They”; it contributes to the formation of trust and openness of the subject in relation to the “Other”. The connection of socio-cultural dominants of reasonable belief with the level of development of both society and the spiritual world of a particular subject is substantiated. A conclusion is made about the need to develop culture both at the personal and social levels in order to realize the potential for reasonable belief and harmonize social relations in general.
Keywords: belief, reasonable belief, trust, fanaticism, sociocultural dominants, society, social processes, communication, education.
Article bibliography
1. Analytical data on salaries, population, prices, labor market in Russia and the world 2024. Population of cities. [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: // https://bdex.ru/naselenie/
2. Aristotle Politics / Aristotle; [translated from ancient Greek by S. M. Rogovina]. – M.: RIPOL classic. 2010. – 592 p.
3. Borev V. Yu., Kovalenko A. V. Culture and mass communication. – M.: Science. 1986. – 304 p.
4. Kishina E. V. Semantic opposition “Ours or someone else’s” as the implementation of the ideological-manipulative potential of political discourses // SibScript. – 2011. – No. 4. – P. 174-179.
5. Mudragey N. S. Rational and irrational – a philosophical problem (reading A. Schopenhauer) // Questions of philosophy. – 1994. – No. 9. – P. 23-29.
6. Popenkova D. I. The problem of ethnic and religious conflicts in modern Russia // Bulletin of science and practice. – 2019. – V. 5. No. 10. – P. 274-279.
7. Khusnutdinova F. A. Reasonable faith (philosophical aspect of the concept). Dissertation for the degree of candidate of philosophicaluk / Bashkir State University. – Ufa, 2004.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
DEMYASHINA Vera Vladimirovna
postgraduate student of Philosophy and sociology sub-faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk
THE DILEMMA OF “DIGIT AND POWER”: A SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS
The paper explores various phenomena of digitalization and “digital challenges” within the framework of the functioning of the rapidly transforming nature of the state and government. One of the key aspects that is given priority attention is philosophical generalizations and socio-philosophical approaches to such transformations. The complexity of issues related to the effects of digitalization in the mechanisms of preserving state sovereignty determines a wide range of attention to numerous aspects of new trends in political reality: the avatarization of relations between government and citizens, the problem of cognitive sovereignty and mechanisms for protecting the genetic civilizational foundations of the state, digital inequality, hybrid forms of political subjectivity. First of all, it is important to provide conceptual conditions for constructive socio-philosophical discourse in relation to the identified problems. The purpose of the work is to pose a problem that can be metaphorically referred to as “digit and power”, i.e. the search for a constructive balance between two processes, on the one hand – a revolution in advanced technologies, on the other – ensuring safe processes of functioning of a sovereign state.
Keywords: virtualization of power , information power, technologized world, virtual space, information society, information revolution, aspects of the information society.
Article bibliography
1. Artamonov D. S. Images of memory in digital mythology media memory / Obligation, norm and scientific knowledge in the predicted future. Proceedings of the All-Russian scientific conference, Feodosia, September 17-19, 2021. – Simferopol: Arial Publishing House, LLC, 2021. – P. 6-8.
2 . Astapenko P. N. Democratic state and quasi-statehood. Institutional risks in the Internet era // Law and Right. – 2018. – No. 10. – P. 15-22.
3. Bykov I. A., Hull T. E. Digital inequality and political preferences of Internet users in Russia // Polis. Political studies. – 2011. – No. 5. – P. 151-7
4. Bykov I. A. Artificial Intelligence as a Source of Political Judgments // Journal of Political Studies. – 2020. – Vol. 4. No. 2. – P. 23-33.
5. Volodenkov S. V. Internet communications in the global space of modern political governance: towards a digital society. – M.: Prospect Publishing House, 2021. – 416 p.
6. Zhukov D. S. Artificial intelligence for the socio-state organism: the future has already started in China // Journal of Political Studies. – 2020. – V. 4. No. 2. – P. 70-79.
7. Ilchenko S. N. Fake as a political format in the modern media environment // Humanitarian vector. – 2015. – No. 3 (43). – P. 98-101.
8. Castells M. Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture. – M.: HSE, 2000. – 608 p.
9. Maltsev K. G., Maltseva A. . V. Digitalization and “digital fetishism”: predictions in existential-historical thinking // Man. Culture. Education. – 2020. – No. 4 (38). – P.46-58.
10. Makulin A. V. Philosophy of the game and game reflexivity of phantom leadership: abstract of dis. … candidate of philosophical sciences: 09.00.11. – Arkhangelsk, 2007. – 24 p.
11. Makulin A. V. Social “coordinate axes” and coordinate thinking in humanitarian research // Bulletin of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series: Humanities and social sciences. – 2022. – Vol. 22. No. 3. – P. 126 -136.
12. Novozhenina O. V. Internet as a new reality and phenomenon of modern civilization // The influence of the Internet on consciousness and the structure of knowledge. – M.: IF RAS, 2004. – P. 195-215.
13. Nisnevich Yu. A. Information and power. – M.: Mysl, 2000. – 175 p.
14. Reingold G. Smart crowd = new social revolution / Howard Reingold; [translated from English by A. Garkavy]. – Moscow: Publishing and trading house GRAND: Fair press, 2006 (Mozhaisk (Moscow region): Mozhaisk printing plant). – 415 p.
15. Raikov A. N. Virtual reality systems for supporting government decision-making // Bulletin of the Russian Society for Informatics and Computer Engineering. – 1996. – No. 1. – P. 46-54.
16. Rusakova O. F. Virtual power of mass media // Discourse-Pi. – 2010. – No. 1-2. – P. 33-37 .
17. Sayapin V. O. Technologies of virtualization of political power in the information age // Historical, philosophical, political and legal sciences, cultural studies and art criticism. Theoretical and practical issues. – 2015. – No. 8-1 (58). – P. 159-166.
18. Fedorchenko S. N. Technologies of legitimization of political regimes in the context of digitalization: abstract of dis…. Doctor of Political Sciences: 23.00.02. – Moscow, 2021. – 41 p.
19. Shevchenko V. N. Information war of the West with the historical memory of Russians: logical and historical aspect // Philosophical sciences. – 2015. – No. 6. – P. 7-21.

PHILOSOPHY. LAW. SOCIETY
ZARIPOV Airat Yansurovich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, professor of Philosophy and cultural studies sub-faculty, Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ufa University of Science and Technology
THE AXIOLOGICAL INFLUENCE OF ETHNIC LANGUAGES ON THE YOUNGER GENERATION
A lot has always been said about the role and significance of the ethnic language. But this problem is particularly relevant in the modern era, when informatization and computerization have become globally widespread. It is possible to protect and preserve ethnic languages only if they are popularized among the younger generation, i.e. by constantly expanding the range of its speakers and consumers. The family plays a huge role in this, as the first and main institution of personal socialization. The article discusses the problems of the cultivation of ethnic languages in the family.
Keywords: society, ethnic languages, family, younger generation, Internet, identification, culture.
Article bibliography
1. Unity and diversity of languages and cultures of the peoples of Russia (on the example of the republics of Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Sakha (Yakutia), Dagestan): monograph / Ed. A. V. Psyanchin, ed. E. V. Migranova, F. G. Safin, Yu. A. Absalyamova. – Ufa: IYaL Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2023. – 366 p.
2. Social and political problems of interaction of cultures / F. S. Fayzullin [et al.]. – Ufa: RIC UUNiT, 2024. – 170 p.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
AKBASHEVA Dilara Khambalovna
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, associate professor of Philosophy and cultural studies sub-faculty, Ufa University of Science and Technology
HUMANISTIC VALUES OF THE TRADITIONAL FAMILY MODEL IN ISLAM
The article explores the humanistic values of the traditional family model in Islam by identifying them from the Quranic text and Muslim traditions. It is indicated that the humanistic ideal – man as the highest value – determines the traditional model of the family in Islam, its meaning and purpose. Muslim reflection, which tends to the values of kindness, mutual assistance, and mercy in family life, turns out to be “sharpened” to harmonize the relations of all family members, based on humanism, kindness, and love.
Keywords: Islam, humanism, family, tradition, values, man, God, religion, morality, morality, law.
Article bibliography
1. Akbasheva D. Kh. Traditions of Muslim etiquette. – Ufa: RIC UUNiT, 2023.
2. Bayazitov A. Islam and progress. – St. Petersburg, 1898.
3. Koran / Trans. meanings and new trans. E. R. Kuliev. – Moscow, 2020.

PHILOSOPHY. LAW. SOCIETY
BAKLANOV Igor Spartakovich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, professor, professor of Philosophy and ethnology sub-faculty, North Caucasus Federal University, Stavropol
BOGATYREVA Olga Vasiljevna
Ph.D. in pedagogical sciences, associate professor of History sub-faculty, K. G. Razumovsky Moscow State University of Technology and Management (First Cossack University); associate professor of Humanitarian sciences sub-faculty, Moscow International University
SAKLAKOVA Elena Vladimirovna
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, associate professor of Information technology sub-faculty, Branch of the MIREA – Russian Technological University in Stavropol
SEMKINA Evgeniya Nikolaevna
Ph.D. in political sciences, associate professor, associate professor of Legal and humanitarian disciplines sub-faculty, Nevinnomyssk State Humanitarian and Technical Institute; associate professor of Humanitarian and mathematical disciplines sub-faculty, Nevinnomyssk Technological Institute (branch of the North Caucasus Federal University)
DYNAMICS OF HUMAN IDENTITIES: BETWEEN SOCIAL REALITY AND THE DIGITAL WORLD
As a result of the interaction of social reality and the digital world, a person not only acquires identities. He often “creates” and “constructs” them. The increase in “constructed” identities in the context of digitalization occurs at a faster pace than the increase in identities acquired by a person within the framework of social reality. This is due to the fact that the acquisition of identity (especially in social, not virtual reality) is associated with the need to interact with the institutions of the social system within the framework of formalized practices when accepting a certain prescribed or achieved social status and performing an appropriate social role, and is also due to the process of sustainable routinization of informal practices in the space of the life world. In a situation of identity construction under the influence of the digital world, which constantly generates many new meanings, the number of identities grows like an avalanche.
Keywords: society, identity, social reality, risk, digitalization, sociality.
Article bibliography
1. Baklanov I.S., Baklanova O.A., Lukyanov G.I. Implementation of artificial intelligence in socio-cultural practices of the digital society: consequences and risks of developing industry 4.0 // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2024. – No. 1 (188). – P. 519-520.
2. Baklanov I. S., Baklanova O. A., Osadchiy A. A. Features of socio-cultural risks in the context of digitalization of socio-cultural practices // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2023. – No. 12. – P. 535-536.
3. Baklanova O. A., Baklanov I. S., Lukyanov G. I., Pokhilko A. D. Basic reflections of sociality in modern social philosophy // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2024. – No. 3 (190). – P. 527-529.
4. Bakumenko G. V., Luginina A. G., Baklanova O. A. Eschatology of Singularity: “Deus ex Machina” in the Construction of Cinematic Images of the Future // Galactica Media: Journal of Media Studies. – 2024. – Vol. 6, No. 3. – P. 119-167.
5. Balditsyna E. I., Baklanov I. S., Baklanova O. A. Features of the Study of Gender Identity in Modern Social Theory // Woman in Russian Society. – 2019. – No. 2. – P. 43-51.
6. Eremenko M. M., Bogatyrev S. A., Baklanov I. S. Features and Risks of Using Artificial Intelligence Technologiesin the media space of modern society // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2023. – No. 12. – P. 362-363.
7. Lukyanov G. I., Baklanov I. S., Baklanova O. A., Osadchiy A. A. Features of problematization and genesis of ideas about the phenomenon of sociality in socio-philosophical knowledge // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2024. – No. 4 (191). – P. 534-535.
8. Polyankin A. A., Baklanov I. S. Factors determining the formation of identity of a social subject in modern society // Bulletin of the North Caucasian State Technical University. – 2012. – No. 3 (32). – P. 151-154.
9. Semkina E. N., Baklanov I. S., Baklanova O. A. Ideological uncertainty of young people as an essential characteristic of modern society
// Scientific Bulletin of the State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Nevinnomyssk State Humanitarian and Technical Institute”. – 2018. – No. 2. – P. 85-88.
10. Spitsina D. D., Baklanov I. S., Kadanina A. V. Ideological foundations for the formation of a digital society: value and temporal guidelines of modern youth as generation Z // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2024. – No. 2 (189). – P. 547-548.
11. Erickson E. Identity: youth and crisis. – Moscow: Progress Publishing Group, 1996.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
BURLOVA Yuliya Alexandrovna
Ph.D.in Law, associate professor of State and civil law disciplines sub-faculty, Stavropol branch, Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, lieutenant colonel of police
SOCIAL NORM AS A SOCIO-CULTURAL PHENOMENON: PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS
The phenomenon of social norm, its ontological nature, structure, connection of normative systems with culture are considered. The understanding of normative consciousness as one of the social regulators influencing all processes of social activity is reflected. The structure of two-level functioning of social norms is revealed, implementing regulation at different levels of social being; thereby compensating for the limitations of various normative systems. Norms go through stages of objectification, passing not only to higher levels of social being, but also from generation to generation, the longer the norm exists in society, the more it is fixed by socio-cultural mechanisms of tradition and sacralization, the ancient norm is sacred. Each of the normative systems has its own internal mechanism of regulation and self-regulation, normative systems intersect, have properties of mutual substitution. At different historical stages, those normative systems that are more adapted to the dominant type of social consciousness become more significant.
Keywords: social norm, society, social system, culture, normative consciousness.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Astapova E. S., Baklanova O. A., Baklanov I. S., Pokhilko A. D. Determinants of public consciousness as social memory: socio-philosophical approach // Eurasian Law Journal.
– 2024. – No. 3 (190). – P. 525-526.
2. Baklanova O. A., Baklanov I. S., Lukyanov G. I., Pokhilko A. D. Basic reflections of sociality in modern social philosophy // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2024. – No. 3 (190). – P. 527-529.
3. Baklanova O. A. Axiological foundations of sociality in modern society // Kant. – 2024. – No. 3 (52).
– P. 161-165.
4. Baklanova O. A., Bogatyreva O. V., Isakova V. V. Hidden regulation as a factor in the formation of sociality in modern society // Eurasian Law Journal. – 2023. – No. 10 (185). – P. 360-361.
5. Bakumenko G. V., Luginina A. G., Baklanova O. A. Eschatology of singularity: “Deus ex machina” in the construction of cinematic images of the future // Galactica Media: Journal of Media Studies. – 2024. – Vol. 6, No. 3. – P. 119-167.
6. Burlova Yu. A. Philosophical reflection of the problem of the normativity of consciousness of a social subject in modern society // Kant. – 2024. – No. 3 (52). – P. 165-169.
7. Burlova Yu. A., Baklanova O. A. Social norm as a functional mechanism of sociality // Kant. – 2022. – No. 4 (45). P. 112-115.
8. Hartman N. On the foundations of ontology. – St. Petersburg: Nauka, 2003. – 640 p.
9. Marx K., Engels F. Works. T. 23. – Moscow: Gospolitizdat, 1960. – 908 p.
10. Oizerman T. I. Ludwig Feuerbach on religion and the ways of human emancipation // Social sciences. – 1990. – No. 3. – P. 154-163.
11. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language: about 30 thousand words / Ed. D. N. Ushakova. M., 2007. – 1056 pp.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
TEREBIKHIN Nikolay Mikhaylovich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, professor of Cultural and religious studies sub-faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk
ZAYKOV Konstantin Sergeevich
Ph.D. in historical sciences, Head of Regional studies, international relations and political sciences sub-faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk
SHAPAROV Alexander Evgenjevich
Ph.D. in political sciences, professor of Regional studies, international relations and political sciences sub-faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk
THE TRADITIONAL SOCIOCULTURAL HERITAGE OF ETHNIC AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES OF THE RUSSIAN NORTH AND THE RUSSIAN ARCTIC AS AN IDEATIVE RESOURCE FOR REGIONAL SPATIAL POLICY
The article presents the results of an analytical study of a broad interdisciplinary problem field related to the study and interpretation of the traditional (sacred) sociocultural heritage of ethnic and local communities of the Russian North and the Russian Arctic as an ideological resource and semantic core of the modern regional policy of spatial development of the northern and Arctic territories of Russia. The results of the work are presented in the format of an analytical review, which contains a description and analysis of the ideas, concepts and theories of famous Russian philosophers and scientists who made the most significant contribution to the development of the topic of the presented research.
Keywords: tradition, values, ideative resource, sociocultural space, “heritage” discourse, regional spatial policy.
Article bibliography
1. Bokov A. V. On the strategy of spatial development // Architecture and Modern Information Technologies. – 2018. – No. 4. – P. 13-37.
2. Vedenin Yu. A., Gudima T. M., Shulgin P. M. Culture of the Russian North (concept of the federal program). — Observatory of Culture. – 2005 − № 2. − P. 30-34.
3. Golovnev AV Anthropology of Movement (Antiquities of Northern Eurasia). – Ekaterinburg: Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; “Volot”, 2009. – 496 p.
4. Golovnev AV New Ethnography of the North // Ethnography. – 2021. − № 1. – P. 6-24.
5. Golovnev AV The Northern Region of Russia. − St. Petersburg: MAE RAS, 2022. − 450 p.
6. Golovnev AV The Phenomenon of Colonization. – Ekaterinburg: Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2015. – 592 p.
7. Dregalo A. A. Sociocultural Dynamics of the Social Space of the North: monograph / Ed. by V. I. Ulyanovsky, A. A. Dregalo. − Arkhangelsk: NArFU im. M. V. Lomonosov, 2017. − 252 p.
8. Dregalo A. A., Ulyanovsky V. I. “Nordman”: prolegomena to the socio-cultural typology of northern man // Arctic and North. – 2011. − No. 1. – P. 14-35.
9. The Eurasian World: Values, Constants, Self-Organization / Ed. by Yu. V. Popkov. – Novosibirsk: Nonpareil, 2010. – 449 p.
10. Zamyatina N. Yu., Pilyasov A. N. New Theory of Development (Space) of the Arctic and the North: Multi-scale Interdisciplinary Synthesis // Arctic and North. − 2018. − No. 31. − P. 5-27.
11. Matonin V. N. Sociocultural Space of the Northern Village: Structure, Semantics, Genesis: Abstract of a PhD in Cultural Studies: 24.00.01. − St. Petersburg, 2015. – 40 p.
12. Popkov Yu. V. Conceptual Problems of Development of Indigenous Peoples of the North // Northern Region: Science, Education, Culture. – 2015. − No. 2. – P. 90-94.
13. Popkov Yu. V., Tyugashev E. A. Philosophy of the North: Indigenous Peoples of the North in World Order Scenarios. – Salekhard; Novosibirsk: Siberian Scientific Publishing House, 2006. − 376 p.
14. Terebikhin N. M. Lukomorye: Essays on Religious Geosophy and Marine Studies of Northern Russia. − Arkhangelsk: Publishing House of PSU named after M. V. Lomonosov, 1999. – 204 p.
15. Terebikhin N. M. Metaphysics of the North. – Arkhangelsk: SOLTI, 2020. – 516 p.
16. Terebikhin N. M. Sacred Geography of the Russian North: Religious and Mythological Space of the Northern Russian Culture) − Arkhangelsk: Publishing house of the Pomor International Pedagogical University, 1993. – 220 p.
17. Terebikhin N. M. Semiotics of the cultural space of the peoples of the European North: author’s abstract. diss. doctor of philosophical sciences: 17.00.08 – St. Petersburg, 1995. – 43 p.
18. Terebikhin N. M., Melyutina M. N., Yakovleva A. V. The institute of mentoring in the socio-cultural space of the Russian North and the Russian Arctic: traditions and innovations // Arctic and North. – 2024. – No. 56. – pp. 201-304.
19. Toporov V. N. Holiness and saints in Russian spiritual culture. T. 1: The First Century of Christianity in Rus’. – M.: “Gnosis” – School “Languages of Russian Culture”, 1995. – 875 p.

PHILOSOPHY. LAW. SOCIETY
CHUDINA-SHMIDT Natalya Vitaljevna
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, associate professor of Humanitarian and social-economic disciplines sub-faculty, Crimean branch, Krasnodar University of the MIA of Russia, Simferopol
A UNITED UNDERSTANDING OF THE MEANING AND IMPORTANCE OF TERRORISM AS A KEY TO THE FIGHT AGAINST IT
The article examines the need for a unified, comprehensive approach to the phenomenon of terrorism as a condition for a productive fight against it. Various scientific matrices are analyzed, thanks to the research practice of which a vision of terrorism is given today. As shown by a study conducted within the framework of the problem field stated in the title of the analysis at the present stage of development of scientific ideas, related to the analysis and developments to prevent manifestations of terrorism, there is still some inconsistency in the definition of what terrorism is and what its causes are. This leads to the impossibility of leveling the consequences of this manifestation in development conditions modern scientific field without creating a comprehensive research base of the object being studied, which will include all possible developments, ideas and results obtained by scientists from different fields of knowledge.
Keywords: meaning, meaning, society, terrorism.
Article bibliography
1. Butkevich S. A. Legislative and doctrinal approaches to the problem of counteracting terrorism // In the book: Counteracting extremism and terrorism in the Crimean Federal District: problems of theory and practice. – Crimea, 2015. – P. 5-31.
2. Konopleva A. A. Settlement of interethnic conflicts as a factor in ensuring national security // Historical, philosophical, political and legal sciences, cultural studies and art criticism. Questions of theory and practice. – 2016. – No. 7-1 (69). – P. 56-58.
3. Nikitina L. N., Konopleva A. A., Chudina-Schmidt N. V. Determinants of the Formation of Radical Consciousness of Young People // Russian Deviantological Journal. – 2023. – No. 3 (2). – P. 195-207.
4. Pierce C. S. Selected Philosophical Works. Transl. from English / Translated by K. Golubovich, K. Chukhrukidze, T. Dmitrieva. – M: Logos, 2000. – 448 p.
5. Chudina-Schmidt N. V. Definition of the Phenomenon of “Extremality” by Different Discursive Systems // Philosophy of Law. – 2022. – No. 2 (101). – pp. 75-81.

PHILOSOPHY. RIGHT. SOCIETY
VOROBJEV Dmitriy Valerjevich
Ph.D. in philosophical sciences, professor of Philosophy sub-faculty, N. I. Lobachevsky Nizhni Novgorod National Research State University
KHAMIDULIN Artem Maratovich
Ph.D.in philosophical sciences, Ph.D. in theology, associate professor of Philosophy and theology sub-faculty, Kozma Minin Nizhny Novgorod Pedagogical University
HENRI BERGSON’S TEACHING ABOUT THE CINEMATIC COMPREHENSION TO REALITY BY THE INTELLECT AND ABOUT THE CAUSES OF THE IDEA OF NOTHING
The article discusses the causes of the idea of nothing. According to Henri Bergson, one of these reasons is the special, cinematic nature of our comprehension of reality. Unlike the instinct of animals, human intelligence, at the moment of comprehending reality, splits this reality into separate parts-fragments, grabs (comprehends) some fragments and misses other fragments. Cinema does the same. It snatches out individual fragments of reality and transfers these fragments as separate frames onto film.
Keywords: cinema, nothing, intelligence, instinct, intuition.
Bibliographic list of articles
1. Bergson A. Creative evolution. Matter and memory. – Minsk: Harvest, 1999. – 1408 p.
2. Blauberg I. I. Philosophical intuition of A. Bergson // Philosophical journal. – 2016. – Vol. 9, No. 2. – P. 24-36.
3. Vorobyov D. V., Spiridonov A. L. Nothing as a phenomenon of consciousness in light of A. Bergson’s teaching on non-discrete reality and discreteness of comprehension // KANT. – 2020. – No. 1 (34). – P. 133-137.
4. Dukhan I. N. The Art of Duration: The Philosophy of Henri Bergson and Artistic Experiment // Logos. – 2009. – No. 3 (79). – P. 185-201.
5. Lossky N. O. Bergson’s Intuitive Philosophy. – St. Petersburg: Uchitel, 1922. – 109 p.
6. Reale D., Antiseri D. Western Philosophy from Its Origins to the Present Day. Volume 4. From Romanticism to the Present Day. – St. Petersburg: Petropolis, 1997. – 880 p.
7. Solodukho N. M. Philosophy of Nothingness. – Kazan: KSTU named after Tupolev, 2000. – 145 p.

BOOK REVIEW
KRIVENKIY Alexander Ivanovich
Ph.D. in historical sciences, professor of Law
REVIEW OF THE MONOGRAPH BY I. Z. FARKHUTDINOV “THE EVOLUTION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW FROM WESTPHALIA TO VERSAILLES” (1648-1919). MOSCOW: INFRA-M, 2024. 446 P. (SCIENTIFIC THOUGHT). – DOI 10.12737/2135819.

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